Report on the end of specialized english subjects topic field visit to the incinerator of domestic waste

Solid waste concept According to the general concept: Solid waste is a whole range of solid-state matter that is eliminated by man in his socio-economic activities including production a

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PROLOGUE The environment is currently an issue that receives a lot of attention from countries around the world But recent global climate change is having a significant impact on human life as a warning of serious degradation of the environment Global warming leads to melting ice that causes sea levels to rise, shrinking land areas, accidents occur more often with greater destructive power Vietnam is not out of that picture zone Our country with a coastline of over

3000 km will be greatly narrowed if sea levels rise Therefore, environmental protection is an extremely urgent issue that requires the cooperation of the whole community

Polluted environment has many causes: emissions, garbage, oil spills, The problem that many municipalities are facing is household waste The amount of daily household waste is very large, so the specific issue of how to manage and treat domestic waste effectively is being concerned And the scorching method

is being applied most commonly due to the low processing cost and not large processing area

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ID (9)09 600.355 ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Án" TT nhọ HH Hàn Hà HH HT HT HH ngành 11 PICTURE CATEGORIES - TT HH Hàn TT TT nh TH Hà Hà Tà HH Hit V CHAPTER 1 SOLID WASTE OVERVIEẨW Q GLL- HH HH HHnHnHnHHnHkHnhHH, 1

1.1 The concept of solid waste 1

1.1.1 Solid wasfe coIIC€JÐf - “HH HT HH HH nh Hà HH HH 1 1.1.2 Origin of solid wasfe LH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH HH, 1 1.1.3 Solid waste classificafion - HH HH HH HH HH HH Hư, 2 1.1.3.1 Classification by currenf locafiom Án HH ki, 2 1.1.3.2 Classification by chemical and physical composifion 2 1.1.3.3 Classification by source nature constitutes weed 1.1.3.4 Classification by hazard leyeÌ - - SH“ HH Hi, 3 1.1.3.5 Classification by regiom - G1 TH kry 3 1.2 SOLIDWASTE 3 UP 8 e 3 1.2.2 Spoilers in theaÏr - - SH „HH TH HH HH HH HH nh 3 1.2.3Spoiled on the ground - 5 - << SH SH HH HH HH nh 4 1.2.4 Effects on the landscape and the healthof the people -. ‹- 4 1.2.5 Impact on the landscape - - - - à L HH HH HH HH HH Hư, 5 CHAPTER 2: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE 6 2.1 THE SITUATION OF DOMESTIC WASTE IN THE DISTRICT IS LONGER.6 2.1.1 Information recorded According to Tra Vinh newspaper in 2020 6 2.1.2 The situation of the landfill when observing the reality at The Long landfill 7 2.1.2.1 Locafiom + - LH HH HH SH HH HT HH HH HH Ha ng 8 2.1.2.2 Current status of garbage at the treatment area ooo ee 8 CHAPTER 3: VISTT THE INCINERATOR OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE - 10 3.1 Fields and scope of application 10 3.2 Some advantages of technology - equipment 10 3.3 Technical requirements in operafion and insfallafion -« =5 =5 << <<<c<+ 11 3.4 Descripfion of structure and principle oŸ 0DerAfÏOTI .- -<ec<<c<<<<<<ce<e=cee 11 3.5 Equipment Specifications 12 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION SH "HH HH HH HH Hà HH nh Tà nh nh 14

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

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PICTURE CATEGORIES

Figure 1: SOurC€sof sOlidÌ WaSf€ SH HH HH HH HH HH k re 2 Figure 2:Diagram of the harm of solid waste tO huimans .-.- 5< se, 5 Figure 3: The current situation at The Long landfill

Figure 4: Trees die dry at landifill - - Ă BS se,

Figure 5: Garbage after plastic removal walfs for IncinerafiOn DTOC€SS -cc« se sa 9

CHAPTER 1 SOLID WASTEOVERVIEW

1.1 The concept of solid waste

1.1.1 Solid waste concept

According to the general concept: Solid waste is a whole range of solid-state matter that is eliminated by man in his socio-economic activities (including production activities, living activities and maintaining the existence of the community, ) The most important of which are solid wastes generated from production and living activities Solid wastes can be in solid form or sludge discharged during daily life, production, service and development activities of animals and plants

1.1.2 Origin of solid waste

Major sources of solid waste generation include:

- Domestic waste from urban and rural residential areas;

- Household garbage from commercial centers; - Garbage from research institutes,

agencies, schools, public works;

- Garbage from municipal services;

- Garbage from sewage treatment stations and from municipal sewer pipes;

- Garbage from industrial zones, factories, enterprises, handicraft production facilities outside industrial zones and craft villages;

- The source of hazardous waste is mainly from medical, industrial and agricultural

activities;

1.1.3 Solid waste classification

Each different waste source has different types of waste for each waste source, so the classification of solid waste is also carried out in many ways

1.1.3.1 Classification by current location

Including solid waste in the house, outside the house, on the street, market

1.1.3.2 Classification by chemical and physical composition

These include: organic matter, inorganic, flammable, non-flammable, metal, nonmetal, rubber

1.1.3.3 Classification by source nature constitutes

- Domestic solid waste: Solid waste generated from human activities, created in the process of living, originating mainly from residential areas, urban areas, agencies,

schools, service centers, trade

- Industrial solid waste: Solid waste generated in the process of industrial production, handicrafts

- Construction solid waste: Waste during the construction of buildings (soil, stone,

brick, tile, broken concrete )

- Agricultural solid waste: Solid waste generated during agricultural production such

as cultivation, crop harvesting, waste products from slaughterhouses of cattle and poultry

1.1.3.4 Classification by hazard level

- Hazardous solid waste: Substances that contain substances or compounds that carry one of the harmful properties (flammable, explosive, toxic, corrosive, contagious and other hazardous properties) or interact with other substances that are hazardous to the environment and human health

Non-hazardous solid waste: Solid waste that does not contain substances and compounds with one of the hazardous properties or hazardous interactions 1.1.3.5 Classification by region

- Municipal solid waste: The material that man-made was originally disposed of in urban areas that does not require compensation for that discarding In addition, waste

is considered municipal solid waste if it is viewed by society as something that the city is responsible for collecting and destroying

- Rural solid waste: Is solid waste generated in the process of living, agricultural production, animal husbandry, craft villages, agricultural by-products (straw, rice, rice husk .) in rural areas

1.2 SOLIDWASTE

1.2.1 Spoiledlips

Garbage water leaking from transit stations and landfills has a very high concentration

of pollutants, many times higher than normal domestic wastewater If left unmanaged, there is a risk of surface and groundwater contamination In addition, waste also enters sewer systems, rivers interferes with water circulation Solid waste pollution also increases turbidity, reduces photofiltration in water, affects

aquatic organisms, creates unpleasant odors, increases BOD, COD, TDS, TSS,

increases coliform, reduces DO affecting the quality of surface water and groundwater in neighboring areas

1.2.2 Spoilers in theair

Solid wastes can partially evaporate and carry odors that contaminate the air There are also potentially sublimated wastes that are dispersed in the air gay 6 nhiém truc Next, there are also easily decomposable wastes (food, fruits are stinky .), under appropriate temperature and humidity conditions will be decomposed by microorganisms to create odors and many pollutant gases with adverse effects on the

environment such as SO2, CO, CO2, H2S, CH4 has an adverse impact on the

environment, health and human ability to function

1.2.3 Spoiled on the ground

Solid waste from residential households, schools or commercial areas when dumped into the environment changes the structural composition and properties of the soil Toxic substances accumulated in the soil change the composition of the soil such as

pH, heavy metal content, looseness, nitrification affecting the soil ecosystem For non-biodegradable garbage (plastic, rubber, etc.) if there is no appropriate treatment solution, it will be a risk of degeneration and reduce soil fertility, affecting the growth

of plants and animals living in the soil

1.2.4 Effects on the landscape and the healthof the people

Solid waste pollution is a change in the direction of worsening physical, chemical and biological properties with the appearance of foreign substances in solid, liquid and gaseous forms, mainly toxic substances that greatly affect human health The first public health-related factor is the proliferation of disease-carrying pests in waste storage areas In particular, organic matter, heavy metals penetrate into water sources

or the soil environment and then enter the human body through food and drink, which can cause serious diseases In addition, the leakage of garbage water into groundwater and surface water affects water quality and people's health

Some bacteria, viruses, parasites existing in garbage can cause diseases for humans

such as malaria, skin diseases, plague, typhoid, diarrhea, helminths

Figure 2:Diagram of the harm of solid waste to humans

1.2.5 Impact on the landscape

Solid waste is now concentrated at transit stations on the streets The incomplete collection has led to the clogging of sewers, indiscriminate garbage on the street, causing unpleasant odors and low humidity In addition, the collection of transportation in each area is not accurate in time, sometimes taking place at a time when traffic density is high, leading to traffic congestion, pollution and loss of urban beauty

CHAPTER 2: THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HOUSEHOLD WASTE

2.1 THE SITUATION OF DOMESTIC WASTE IN THE DISTRICT IS LONGER

2.1.1 Information recorded According to Tra Vinh newspaper in 2020

Ms Tu Thi Nguyen's house, Dau Giong hamlet, Phuong Thanh commune is about 100m from The Long landfill Ms Nguyen said that this landfill is heavily polluted, affecting the living environment of surrounding people, including her family Ms Nguyen said: the living environment of people here is polluted, we can no longer breathe fresh air as before Although, in the past, the landfill was built about 200-

300m from the residential area, but flies, surrounded day and night, affected our

health, upended our lives and activities The dry season is still good, whenever it comes to the rainy season, the stench is very strong, especially when using a pickaxe

to put garbage up, flies are countless, at such times our family is very few, not even sitting down to eat rice together because we can not eat rice trays before eating, flies,

He filled the table, made an uncovered cup of coffee, and covered his mouth Guests

who come to the banquet house often feel afraid with guests, remove food, have to

take cover, cover, otherwise flies, very unhygienic, food insecure (According to Tra Vinh

newspaper published on 21/08/2020)

Figure 3: The current situation at The Long landfill (According to Tra Vinh newspaper published on 21/08/2020)

Mr Phung Van Nghia, Head Giong hamlet, said that the landfill of Cang Long district

is about 200m from Phuong Thanh A Primary School (Dau Giong hamlet) I spent many years as a security guard at this school When the south wind blows, the stinking season flies to the school, the students react too much, they keep shouting "Uncle Nghia how to stop the smell", I don't know how, just call them when entering the

school to close the door, turn on the fan That being said, this is not an effective and

long-term measure (According to Tra Vinh newspaper published on 21/08/2020)

Mr Nguyen Van Minh, Cho hamlet said: Every day, there are more than a dozen garbage trucks into the yard, the garbage is many but the treatment is small, so every time they pour it, pour it out, someone comes to use the pickaxe to scratch up, piled

up like a mountain In the rainy season, stagnant water from the landfill spills into the surrounding area, flows down the canal, into the adjacent field, making the water color under the canal black, smelling unpleasant, farmers in the field do not dare to

put their feet in this canal Not to mention, when the landfill is built, there are

sometimes "rogue" components in the hamlet, and then petty theft occurs There are cases where we see strangers appear in our locality, ask where to go, they say go to the landfill, but then hear that in the neighborhood there are people who have lost their motorbikes, bicycles like I work in a field not far from the landfill, lose my property, when I lose my watering mo, when I lose my generator, wires,

sprays (According to Tra Vinh newspaper published on 21/08/2020)

2.1.2 The situation of the landfill when observing the reality at The Long landfill

The current situation at the landfill peels off the smell, there are many mosquito flies appearing The landscape of dead trees dried up The water source in the ponds around the landfill appears black, currently the landfill operates beyond its capacity due to the increasing amount of waste, leading to the situation of garbage stasis, garbage piled up so that when odors appear and many harmful gases escape