Report on the end of specialized english topic waste water of tra vinh university dormitory

The more the economy develops, the higher the demand for human water, so every day a large amount of water is used and also wastewater is discharged into the environment, so the environm

TRA VINH UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

REPORT ON THE END OF SPECIALIZED ENGLISH TOPIC: WASTE WATER OF TRA VINH UNIVERSITY

DORMITORY

Instructors: TS TRAN THI NGOC BICH

Student implementation:

Class: DA19KTMT

Course: 2019-2023

Tra Vinh, December 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to express my deep gratitude to her: TRAN THI NGOC

BICH In the process of learning and studying to make subject reports, I have

received her very dedicated and enthusiastic teaching and guidance She has helped me accumulate more good and useful knowledge From the knowledge that she imparted, I would like to re-present what I have learned about the

problem: WASTE WATER OF TRA VINH UNIVERSITY DORMITORY

sent to her

However, my knowledge of SPECIALIZED ENGLISH still has certain

limitations Therefore, it is inevitable that there are shortcomings in the process

of completing this essay I hope you will see and comment so that my essay is more complete

We wish her further happiness and success in her career of "growing people"

We wish you good health to continue to guide generations of students to the shores of knowledge

Thank you!

PROLOGUE

Water is a precious and important resource for human beings All domestic production activities require water The more the economy develops, the higher the demand for human water, so every day a large amount of water is used and also wastewater is discharged into the environment, so the environment is being seriously polluted, especially in big cities like Ho Chi Minh, Da Nang, Hanoi, Hai Phong, Domestic wastewater typically accounts for 80% of all wastewater

in cities and is a major cause of water pollution and the problem is on a downward trend

Along with the strong development of the economy, in Vietnam, education is also focused and developed strongly Currently in Vietnam there are about 500 universities and colleges with the number of students enrolled up to millions of students Each university will have dormitories for boarding students With such a large number of students, the amount

of daily waste is very large, especially wastewater Despite this situation, very few universities build their own wastewater treatment systems, most

of the wastewater from the dormitories is discharged directly into ponds and lakes and causes serious environmental pollution But Tra Vinh University has its own dormitory wastewater treatment system as well as the whole school, helping to maintain a clean environment and students have the best learning environment

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i

PROLOGUE ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS iii

PICTURE CATEGORIES v

CHAPTER 1: THEORY 1

1.1 Definition of wastewater 1

1.2 Classification of wastewater by origin 1

1.2.1 Domestic wastewater 1

1.2.2 Industrial wastewater 1

1.2.3 Permeable wastewater and natural wastewater 2

1.2.4 Medical wastewater 2

1.2.5 Municipal wastewater 2

1.3 Important parameters of wastewater 2

1.3.1 Solids content 2

1.3.2 Dissolved oxygen content DO 2

1.3.3 BOD biochemical oxygen demand 3

1.3.4 COD chemical oxygen demand 3

1.3.5 Nutrients 3

1.3.5.1 Nitrogen content 3

1.3.5.2 Phosphorus content 4

1.3.5.3 Sulfate content 4

1.3.6 Water microbiology quality directive 4

1.3.7 Toxic agents and ecologically related compounds 4

1.4 Wastewater treatment methods 4

1.4.1 Processing by physical method 4

1.4.2 Chemical treatment 5

1.4.3 Biological treatment 5

1.4.3.1 Anaerobic method 6

1.4.3.2 Aerobic method 6

CHAPTER 2: FIELD OF TRA VINH UNIVERSITY DORMITORY 7

2.1 Overview of dormitory wastewater 7

2.1.1 Dormitory wastewater classification 7

2.1.2 The main component of dormitory wastewater 7

2.2 Processing technology 8

CHAPTER 3: CONCLUSION 11

PICTURE CATEGORIES

Figure 1 1: Sewage 1

Figure 2 1: Technology diagram 8

CHAPTER 1: THEORY

Wastewater is water that has been changed in characteristics and properties due to the use or activities of people in the drainage system or into the environment (About 7- Article 2 of Decree 80/2014/ND-CP- Wastewater drainage and treatment)

Figure 1 1: Sewage

(http://vwsa.org.vn/vn/article/1323/78-nuoc-thai-tai-ha-noi-chua-duoc-thu-gom-xu-ly.html )

Wastewater is sourced from sources of industrial and biological use Rainwater and permeable water are also a huge source of sewage Rainwater itself is clean water but when it falls to the ground, it will be mixed and contaminated

1.2.1 Domestic wastewater

Is wastewater from human activities such as eating, bathing, washing, personal hygiene

(Clause 8- Article 2 of Decree 80/2014/ND-CP or QCVN 14: 2008/BTNMT)

1.2.2 Industrial wastewater

Wastewater arising from the technological process of industrial production and service establishments, from centralized wastewater treatment plants with wastewater connectors of industrial facilities

(QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT)

1.2.3 Permeable wastewater and natural wastewater

This is rainwater seeping into the sewer system in various ways through joints, defective pipes or walls of gas pits or human pits

1.2.4 Medical wastewater

As a waste solution from a medical examination and treatment facility (QCVN 28:2010/BTNMT)

1.2.5 Municipal wastewater

Municipal sewage the general term for liquids in a city's sewer system From an environmental management point of view, sources of water pollution are also classified into two categories: identified sources and unknown sources Identified sources include industrial and municipal wastewater, stormwater outlets, and all sources of discharge into organized water intake through sewer systems and waste channels

Unidentified sources include water flowing on the soil surface, rainwater, and other dispersed water sources This classification rarely mentions pollution control adjustment issues

Identified sources can often be quantified and controlled before discharge, whereas unknown sources are often difficult to manage Unknown sources cause the following problems:

- Soil erosion leads to changes in habitat and affects aquatic species, fills rivers and reservoirs, causes difficulties, increases the cost of water treatment and reduces water quality for the intended use

- Nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients released from fertilizers and animal waste stimulate the growth of plants and bacteria in the water leading to eutrophication

- Accumulation of heavy metals such as zinc, copper, mercury from substances used in plant protection, paint, welding, lead and many other processes

- Toxic chemicals: mainly plant protection chemicals

Ngoài ra, nước chảy trôi trên b mề ặt đất qua các khu vực chăn nuôi gia súc có thể chứa lượng lớn chất thải động vật sẽ đóng góp một lượng quan trọng các chất sử dụng oxy và chất rắn lơ ữ l ng, gây ô nhiễm môi trường nước

1.3 Important parameters of wastewater

1.3.1 Solids content

Total solids are the most important characteristic component of wastewater It consists of floating, suspended, colloidal and soluble solids Therefore, when analyzed, the total solids are determined to be the remainder after evaporating the water or wastewater sample on the insulated stove The content of settled solids are solid particles that will settle to the bottom of the Imhop funnel-shaped vessel in 60 minutes, measured in ml/l

1.3.2 Dissolved oxygen content DO

One of the most important indicators of water is the dissolved oxygen content, since oxygen is indispensable for all living things on land as well as in water Oxygen maintains metabolism, producing energy for growth, reproduction and reproduction Oxygen is a gas that is difficult to dissolve in water, does not work with water chemically Its solubility depends on factors such as pressure, temperature and characteristics of water (chemical components, microbiology, aquatic life in water .) This concentration is usually in the range of 8-15 mg/l at normal temperatures When releasing oxygen-using wastes into water sources, their oxidation reduces the dissolved oxygen levels in these water sources, which can even threaten the lives of fish and living organisms in the water

1.3.3 BOD biochemical oxygen demand

Biochemical oxygen demand is the most common indicator for determining the degree of contamination of municipal wastewater and waste in industrial wastewater

BOD is defined as the amount of oxygen microorganisms used during the oxidation of organic matter

In the aquatic environment, when biological oxidation occurs, microorganisms use dissolved oxygen Therefore, determining the total amount of dissolved oxygen required for biodegradation is important work to assess the effect of waste flows on water sources

BOD denotes the amount of organic matter in water that can be decomposed

by microorganisms

In environmental engineering, BOD indicators are widely used:

- Approximately determine the amount of oxygen needed to bio-stabilize organic matter in wastewater

- Determine the size of the processing device

- Determine approval to comply with permitted waste regulations

1.3.4 COD chemical oxygen demand

This index is widely used to denote the organic content of wastewater and the level of natural water pollution COD is defined as the oxygen content required for the chemical oxidation of organic matter in a water sample into CO2 and water This amount of oxygen is equivalent to the oxidable organic content determined when using a strong chemical oxidizing agent in an acidic environment

1.3.5 Nutrients

1.3.5.1 Nitrogen content

Nitrogen and phosphorus are essential elements for protozoa and plants to grow and they are known as nutrients or biostimulants Nitrogen exists in the following major forms:

Organic nitrogen HC), nitrogen ammonia NH3), nitrogen nitrite (N-NO2), nitrogen nitrate (N-NO3) and free N2 Since nitrogen is the main element that

builds protein synthesis cells, nitrogen index data will be needed to determine the possibility of treating a certain type of wastewater by biological processes In the absence of sufficient nitrogen, additional information can be added so that the waste becomes biorecoverable

1.3.5.2 Phosphorus content

Nowadays people are more interested in controlling the content of phosphorus compounds in surface water, in domestic wastewater and industrial wastewater discharged into water sources Since this element is one of the main causes of the

"explosive" growth of algae in some surface water sources Phosphorus in water and wastewater usually exists as an orthophosphate (PO43-; HPO42-; H2PO4-; H3PO4)or polyphotphosphate [Na3(PO3)6] and organic phosphates

Phosphorus indicators are important in water supply to control the formation

of rust, corrosion and wastewater treatment by biological methods

1.3.5.3 Sulfate content

Sulfate ions are commonly present in domestic feed water as well as in wastewater Sulfur is also an element necessary for the synthesis of proteins and is released during their decomposition

1.3.6 Water microbiology quality directive

Water is a means of spreading sources of disease and in fact diseases spread through the aquatic environment are the main cause of illness and death

1.3.7 Toxic agents and ecologically related compounds

It is suspected that trihalogenmethane is the cause of cancer (trihalogenmethane is formed when the chemical elements in the halogen group act

on organic substances in water and wastewater treatment )

Most of the heavy metals that exist in water are in the form of ions, they have

a origin that arises as a result of human activities, they are toxic to microorganisms that are ultimately to humans

Most of the heavy metals that exist in water are in the form of ions, they have

a origin that arises as a result of human activities, they are toxic to microorganisms that are ultimately to humans

1.4.1 Processing by physical method

Domestic wastewater as well as industrial wastewater often contain soluble and insoluble substances in the form of suspended granules Suspended impurities can be solid or liquid, they form with water into a suspension system

To separate garbage and suspended particles from sewage, it is customary to use mechanical processes (intermittent or continuous) Like filtering through a barrier

or mesh, settling under the action of gravity or centrifugal force and filtering The choice of treatment method depends on the particles, physicochemical properties, suspended particle concentration, wastewater flow and the required level of cleaning

Mechanical treatment methods are widely applied in wastewater treatment:

• Garbage netting: Separation of coarse and sedimentable solids

• Garbage crushing equipment: grinding coarse substances into shreds, small in size and homogeneous

• Air conditioning tank: BOD and SS flow and load conditioning

• Stirring: Stirring chemicals and gases with wastewater Keep scale in a suspended state

• Cotton generation: Helps small particles bond into larger particles that can be separated by gravity settling

• Sedimentation: Separation of deposits and sedimentation, compression into sludge

• Flotation: Separation of small suspended scale particles and scale particles with a density approximately the density of water Use to compress biological sludge

• Filtration: Separation of suspended residue particles remaining after biological

or chemical treatment

• Membrane: Similar to the filtration process Separation of algae from sewage

• Gas transportation: Gas replenishment and separation Bay hơi và tách khí: Bay hơi các chấ ữu cơ có thể bay hơi từt h nước thải

The mechanical treatment method can remove up to 60% of insoluble impurities and reduce BOD biodegradable pollutants by up to 20%

1.4.2 Chemical treatment

Chemical wastewater treatment is the use of chemical reactions to treat wastewater Chemical treatment works are often combined with treatment works Although highly effective, this method requires high costs, which can produce toxic byproducts

• Precipitation: Phosphorus separation and improved efficiency of suspended sediment separation in tier 1 settling tanks

• Absorption: Separation of organic matter that is not treated by conventional chemical methods or biological methods Separation of heavy metals, dechlorination

in wastewater before discharge

• Disinfection: Selective killing of pathogenic microorganisms

• Disinfection with chlorine: Selective destruction of pathogenic microorganisms

• Chlorine Reduction: Separation of residual chlorine after chlorination

• Disinfection with ClO2: Selective killing of pathogenic microorganisms

• Disinfection with BrCl2: Selective destruction of pathogenic microorganisms

• Ozone Sterilization: Selective killing of pathogenic microorganisms

• UV Sterilization: Selective Killing of Pathogenic Microorganisms

1.4.3 Biological treatment