The Impact Of Enterprise Social Media On The Psychology And Behavior Of Employees.pdf

19Figure 2.5 Research Model of “Empirical Investigation of How Social Media Usage Enhances Employee Creativity: The Role of Knowledge Management Behavior” study 21Figure 2.6 Research Mod

INTRODUCTION

Reasons for Choosing the Thesis Topic

The use of social media in the workplace has become increasingly common in recent years Not only does it facilitate communication and collaboration among employees, but it also serves as a platform for sharing ideas and fostering creativity Utilizing social media for work and social purposes helps to establish both instrumental and expressive ties among employees These connections, in turn, can enhance creativity within the organization by providing a supportive and inclusive environment for idea-sharing and collaboration By leveraging the power of social media in a professional setting, companies have the opportunity to tap into their employees’ creative potential and drive innovation within the organization (Ali et al., 2022)

The utilization of Enterprise Social Media platforms has been identified as a driver of employee creativity within organizations Research has demonstrated that the use of social media channels fosters a conducive environment for creativity to flourish among employees This phenomenon can be attributed to various factors, including enhanced leader-member exchange and increased support for innovation initiatives By leveraging social media tools effectively, organizations can tap into the creative potential of their workforce and drive innovation within the business system (Wang et al., 2022)

The impact of social media usage on employee creativity and well-being has been a topic of interest in academic research Work-related social media use has been found to enhance employee creativity by facilitating information sharing and reducing the risk of knowledge manipulation Furthermore, engaging in business social media activities has been linked to increased job satisfaction among employees Both work-related and social- related social media usage contribute positively to the development of bridging and bonding social capital, with bonding social capital particularly enhancing job satisfaction among employees (Zhang et al., 2023)

To summarize, enterprise social media adoption has been shown to boost employee innovation According to studies, social media use boosts employee creativity through processes including leader-member exchange and innovation support Furthermore, adopting social media for both professional and social objectives develops instrumental and expressive links among employees, which increases employee creativity Furthermore, work-related social media use has been shown to boost employee creativity by encouraging information sharing and discouraging knowledge manipulation In terms of employee well- being, using business social media has been connected to higher work satisfaction Work- related and social-related use of social media both have a favorable influence on bridging and bonding social capital, with bonding social capital increasing work satisfaction For the reasons above, I have chosen to research the topic: “The impact of Enterprise Social

Media on the Psychology and Behavior of employees”

Subjects and Scope of Research

Research subjects: The impact of Enterprise Social Media on the psychology and behavior of employees

-Spatial scope: Companies in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam);

-Time scope: Survey period from January to the end of March 2024;

-Scope of content: Research the impact of ESM on employee creativity.

Methods of Research

Quantitative: Although lab-based experiments cannot always properly imitate real-life events and actions, they are useful for investigating causal correlations among variables Qualitative: Unstructured interviews often yield results that cannot be generalized beyond the sample group, but they give a more in-depth insight into participants’ perceptions, motives, and feelings.

Structure of Research

To analyze and clarify the research objects and objectives, this topic is divided into five Chapters:

In this chapter, the research will introduce the following sections: reasons for choosing the topic, research objectives of research, subjects and scope of research, methods of research, and structure of research

-Chapter 2: Literature Review and Research Model

In this chapter, the article will introduce the following sections: Theoretical foundation; short summaries of some related studies that have been used to construct research model, hypotheses, and measures; a matrix that shows related studies in which the factors (variables) have been proved valid; research model and hypotheses

The research illustrates the following sections: the flowchart of the research process, the construction of measures and design of the questionnaire and sampling and collecting data; and steps of quantitative analysis

Test and evaluate hypotheses and research models are used by Smart PLS 4, researchers can follow a systematic approach First, research model by defining the relationships between variables and hypotheses to be tested Next, they input data into Smart PLS 4 and estimate the parameters of the model to test the significance of these relationships Researchers then assess the overall fit of the model using various criteria provided by Smart PLS 4, such as goodness of fit indices Hypotheses are tested to determine their statistical significance, and results are interpreted to conclude the research model Smart PLS 4 is a valuable tool for structural equation modeling analysis, offering researchers the features needed to effectively test and evaluate their research models -Chapter 5: Conclusions

The research introduces the following sections: summarize the study and present key findings; limitations of the study, and suggestions from the author.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Theoretical Foundation

2.1.1 The Concept of Using Enterprise Social Media

ESM is a digital platform that connects coworkers to share information, seek assistance, and share expertise (Leonardi, 2015)

According to Wu et al (2016), organizations widely use ESM for internal communication, allowing for conversations between management and employees, fostering loyalty and productivity, aiding in product development, and providing a platform for group feedback, eliminating the need for repetitive answers

Additionally, social media is one of the most popular venues for sharing ideas, opinions, and information via virtual networks and communities Nearly 3.8 billion people worldwide use social media Entrepreneurs may utilize social media to identify, communicate with, and sell to their target customers uniquely and effectively With the ability to use social media to help businesses get attention for their innovations, it also provides a far more accessible entry point than traditional marketing tactics Entrepreneurs use social media to help their companies by leveraging various channels This chapter aims to evaluate the available literature to determine the areas and results of entrepreneurial social media usage Data were acquired from various secondary sources, including journals, books, and websites (Basal & Saini, 2022)

2.1.2 The Concept of Regulatory Focus Theory

Cui & Ye (2017) have proven that Regulatory Focus Theory (RFT) extends the basic hedonic premise that individuals are motivated to approach pleasure and avoid pain to provide a novel explanation of people’s motivation, revealing how humans approach the positive aim and avoid the negative In this research paper, the research distinguishes between two main orientations: Promotion-focus and Prevention-focus of employees They differ in a variety of ways, including differing requirements, target characterization, outcome focus, and emotional arousal

2.1.2.1 The Concept of Promotion-focus of Employees

Promotion-focus of employees refers to their desire to achieve goals and advance in their jobs Ye and Xue (2023) discovered that workers’ promotion aim modifies the association between empowering leadership and improvisational behavior

The promotion focus promotes job creation by encouraging people to improve their abilities, take on new challenges, and explore career progression chances Organizations may foster job crafting by understanding employees’ advancement goals and giving chances for growth and development (Chen et al., 2022)

2.1.2.2 The Concept of Prevention-focus of Employees

Prevention-focused is a mentality or attitude in which people emphasize avoiding undesirable consequences and limiting risks It entails being careful, alert, and intent on avoiding errors or issues Li & Griffin (2022) investigated prevention-focused leadership methods during the worldwide pandemic and discovered that they were linked to improved employee well-being by enhancing role clarity and leadership perceptions Petrou et al (2022) studied the impact of preventative emphasis on adaptability and creativity and discovered that it can improve these outcomes, especially when goal fulfillment is low and job engagement is high Zhang et al (2020) conducted a meta-analysis and discovered that prevention-focused coping is associated with worse job performance, job attitudes, and personal well-being

2.1.3 The Concept of Conservation of Resources Theory

In the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, people feel stressed when their valuable resources are endangered or lost (Hobfoll, 1989) This hypothesis contends that resource loss is a critical issue owing to its negative importance

The COR hypothesis has been extensively researched and used in a variety of circumstances, including job demands, personal resources, organizational commitment, work engagement, turnover intentions, and job performance Bon and Shire (2022) have discovered that social media ostracism might cause emotional tiredness in social media users, which mediates the association between social media ostracism and lurking intents

In this research paper, the research distinguishes between two main orientations:

Interruption Overload and Psychological Transition

2.1.3.1 The Concept of Interruption Overload

Interruption overload is defined as an excessive number of interruptions that a person faces, particularly when engaging in job-related activities outside of work hours These disruptions, aided by Information Technology, such as phones and emails, can have substantial effects on individuals’ personal lives and work-life balance (Tams et al., 2020)

The idea of interruption overload is especially important in the context of smart grids, where users may need to turn off and safeguard equipment in an instant under high-fault current situations Pataki-Bittó & Németh (2017) believed that the detrimental impact of interruption overload on individuals’ use of work-related technology is mediated by work- life conflict, a major cause of stress The impression of interruption overload and its consequences on job satisfaction and employee attrition are other key elements to consider in the workplace

2.1.3.2 The Concept of Psychological Transition

Psychological transition refers to the process of adjusting to significant changes in one's mental state It involves developing coping mechanisms, adopting new identities, and shifting social perspectives This concept has been studied in various contexts, such as the transition from youth to adulthood, gender or sex transformations considering personal, societal, and imagined aspects, and the transition to motherhood, encompassing physical, psychological, and relational changes post-pregnancy and childbirth.

Banaschewski et al (2019) understand the idea of psychological transition is critical for providing appropriate care and support to people going through these changes, and further research is needed to create methods for measuring and assessing these transitions

2.1.4 The Concept of ESM-related Exhaustion

ESM can have an indirect impact on employee outcomes including job satisfaction and work-family conflict (Kao et al., 2022) These effects are mediated by emotional tiredness, which is affected by the level of ESM-related job demands ESM-related job demands had a U-shaped influence on emotional tiredness, implying that both low and high levels of job demands might cause greater exhaustion Recovery at the start of the workday is critical for sustaining energy levels and productivity throughout the day Higher recovery levels at the start of the workday are linked to less weariness and more energy after the day Furthermore, adding individually tailored treatments to conventional therapy for stress- related tiredness resulted in no reduction in sick leave or burnout

In this study, the ESM-related Exhaustion variable is considered a psychological outcome

2.1.5 The Concept of Employee Creativity

Employee creativity is the ability of employees to develop new and inventive ideas, concepts, and solutions in the workplace (Anasori et al., 2023) It is a critical component of organizational competitiveness and long-term sustainability According to research, psychological capital (such as self-efficacy, hope, resilience, and optimism), leadership support, social contact, and information sharing all have an impact on employee creativity (Omar et al., 2022) The study of employee creativity is still in its early phases, with current research concentrating on understanding its dimensions and behaviors, as well as the variables that influence it at the individual, group, and organizational levels Work culture and organizational dedication have been shown to have a positive and considerable influence on employee creativity, both individually and collectively In summary, cultivating employee creativity is critical for firms to remain competitive and inventive in today’s rapidly changing corporate environment

In this study, the Employee Creativity variable is considered a behavioral outcome.

Summaries of Related Studies

2.2.1 Study of Wei et al (2020)

The study “Improving Employee Agility Using Enterprise Social Media and Digital

Fluency: Moderated Mediation Model” investigates the impact of ESM usage on employee agility through the mediating mechanisms of meta-knowledge and digital fluency Employee agility refers to the ability of individuals to quickly adapt and respond to changing circumstances in the workplace Meta-knowledge is the knowledge about one’s knowledge and how to apply it effectively, while digital fluency refers to the ability to use digital technologies competently

The study found that ESM usage has a positive effect on meta-knowledge, which in turn enhances employee agility Additionally, digital fluency moderates the relationship between ESM usage and meta-knowledge, suggesting that individuals with higher digital fluency may benefit more from using ESM in terms of developing meta-knowledge and improving agility

The study highlights the importance of ESM usage in fostering employee agility through the development of meta-knowledge, especially for individuals with higher levels of digital fluency The findings provide valuable insights for managers on how to leverage

ESM effectively in the workplace to enhance employee agility and overall organizational performance

The study's research model centers on three key constructs: Enterprise Social Media (ESM) usage, meta-knowledge, and employee agility Digital fluency serves as a moderating variable, influencing the relationship between ESM usage and meta-knowledge These constructs provide a comprehensive framework for understanding how ESM adoption and meta-knowledge acquisition contribute to employee agility.

1 Enterprise Social Media Usage: This construct represents the extent to which employees use ESM platforms within the organization for communication, collaboration, and knowledge sharing

2 Meta-knowledge: This construct refers to employees’ knowledge about their knowledge and how to effectively apply it in different contexts It is considered as a mediator in the relationship between ESM usage and Employee Agility

3 Employee Agility: This construct reflects the ability of employees to quickly adapt and respond to changing circumstances in the workplace, demonstrating flexibility, creativity, and problem-solving skills

4 Digital Fluency: This construct represents the level of competency and comfort that individuals have in using digital technologies effectively It is considered as a moderating variable that influences the relationship between ESM usage and Meta-knowledge

The research model hypothesizes that ESM usage positively influences Meta- knowledge, which in turn enhances Employee Agility Additionally, it is proposed that Digital Fluency moderates the relationship between ESM usage and Meta-knowledge, suggesting that individuals with higher digital fluency may benefit more from using ESM in developing meta-knowledge and improving agility

The following scales were used in the study to measure the constructs that were being examined:

-ESM Usage: adopted a six-item scale to quantify the frequency of ESM usage for work-related communication

-Digital Fluency: A four-item scale that was used in earlier research was used to test the skills and knowledge related to ESM technology

-Meta-Knowledge: Developed a six-item scale to quantify other users’ knowledge and communication information

-Employee Agility: A particular scale was used to measure employee agility, but the specifics of the scale were not disclosed in the context that was made public

For each measurement item in the study, a five-point Likert scale from strongly agree to strongly disagree was used

The study on the impact of ESM usage on employee agility through meta-knowledge and digital fluency makes several significant contributions to the field of organizational behavior and management:

-Enhancing Understanding of Employee Agility By examining the role of ESM, meta- knowledge, and digital fluency in fostering employee agility, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of the factors that influence individuals’ ability to adapt and respond to changing work environments

-Importance of ESM in Knowledge Management The study highlights the importance of ESM platforms in facilitating knowledge sharing and collaboration within organizations, leading to the development of meta-knowledge that can enhance employee agility

-Digital Fluency as a Moderator The research underscores the importance of digital fluency as a moderator in the relationship between ESM usage and meta-knowledge, suggesting that individuals with higher digital skills may benefit more from using ESM in developing meta-knowledge and improving agility

-Practical Implications for Managers The findings provide valuable insights for managers on how to leverage ESM effectively in the workplace to enhance employee agility and overall organizational performance Managers can focus on developing digital fluency, encouraging ESM usage, and managing meta-knowledge to promote agility among employees

-Contribution to Organizational Performance Improving employee agility through ESM, meta-knowledge, and digital fluency can have positive implications for organizational performance, as agile employees are better equipped to deal with uncertainty, innovate, and adapt to changing market conditions

Overall, the study contributes to the existing literature by shedding light on the complex interplay between ESM, meta-knowledge, digital fluency, and employee agility, offering practical implications for managers and organizations seeking to enhance their adaptive capabilities in today’s dynamic work environments

2.2.2 Study of Sun et al (2020)

The study examines the impact of communication visibility affordance in ESM on employees’ excessive use behavior at work The research focuses on two key aspects of communication visibility, message transparency and network translucence, and their influence on employees’ perceived social and information values, which in turn affect their excessive ESM use

The findings suggest that both message transparency and network translucence have a positive impact on employees’ perceived social and information values This, in turn, leads to increased excessive use of ESM However, the study did not find a significant impact of perceived hedonic value on excessive ESM use

Variables Matrix

Variables Matrix which is related to Studies

No Author Year Results Methods

2020 The research conducted focused on the impact of

ESM usage on employee agility through meta- knowledge, with the moderation role of digital fluency The study involved 263 responses from Chinese employees and found that ESM usage significantly improves meta-knowledge, which in turn enhances employee agility Digital fluency was found to strengthen the relationship between ESM usage and meta-knowledge The results confirmed the positive effects of ESM technology on employee agility and highlighted the importance of digital fluency in maximizing these benefits The study provided theoretical and managerial implications for organizations looking to enhance employee agility through ESM technology and digital fluency

The study collected data from 263 Chinese employees working in various companies in China The survey questionnaire included items related to ESM usage, digital fluency, meta-knowledge, and employee agility, measured on a five-point Likert scale The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to ensure convergent and discriminant validities The study employed mediation and moderation analyses to examine the relationships between ESM usage, meta-knowledge, digital fluency, and employee agility The results were validated through bootstrapping and moderation tests, confirming the hypotheses proposed in the research The study provided insights into how ESM technology, meta-knowledge, and digital fluency contribute to enhancing employee agility in the workplace

No Author Year Results Methods

The study found that communication visibility facilitated by Enterprise Social Media (ESM) positively correlated with excessive ESM use among employees This highlights the influence of social media visibility on employee behavior, suggesting that the gratification of increased visibility and recognition on ESM platforms may lead to excessive usage.

1 Message transparency and network translucence positively influenced employees’ perceived social, information, and hedonic value;

2 Perceived social value and perceived information value had a positive impact on employees’ excessive ESM use behavior at work;

3 Perceived hedonic value did not have a significant impact on excessive ESM use behavior;

4 Perceived social value and perceived information value completely mediated the relationship between message transparency, network translucence, and excessive ESM use behavior;

Measurement Development: The researchers developed measurement items based on previous studies and conducted a pilot test to refine the questionnaire

Data Collection: An online survey was conducted on a professional data collection service platform in China to collect data from full-time employees using ESM at work

Data Analysis: The researchers used Partial Least Squares (PLS) structural equation modeling to analyze the measurement model and structural model They also conducted a single factor test to detect common method bias

No Author Year Results Methods

5 Control variables like ESM usage frequency and job tenure were significantly correlated with excessive ESM use behavior

2021 The study focused on the negative impact of the socio-instrumental use of Enterprise Social Media (ESM) on employee health and creativity

Excessive use of Electronic Self-Monitoring (ESM) during work hours can result in interruption overload and psychological transition, which can negatively impact employee well-being and creativity This study found that the relationship between the socio-instrumental use of ESM and ESM-related exhaustion is mediated by interruption overload and psychological transition These findings underscore the need to consider the negative consequences of ESM usage alongside its potential benefits.

The research utilized a cross-sectional study design involving 318 employees from various companies in China Data was collected through a survey questionnaire distributed via email and WeChat The study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data and test the proposed hypotheses Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to assess the reliability and validity of the constructs The study also conducted a Sobel-mediation test to examine the mediating effects of interruption overload and psychological transition Additionally, the research investigated the moderating role of promotion and prevention-focus of employees on the relationship between ESM usage and interruption overload and psychological transition The study addressed common method bias and ensured the validity of the survey instrument

No Author Year Results Methods

2022 The research article investigated the consequences of enterprise social media usage on employee creativity A moderated mediation model was developed based on social exchange theory, and the empirical sample consisted of 238 employees The results showed that enterprise social media usage positively influenced employee creativity through the mediating mechanisms of leader-member exchange (LMX) and support for innovation (SFI) Additionally, the frequency of social media usage negatively moderated the impact of enterprise social media on employee creativity through LMX

Interestingly, the impact of social media usage frequency strengthened the indirect effect of enterprise social media on employee creativity via perceived support for innovation

The research utilized a survey method to collect data from employees working in companies in a developing region Data was collected from 238 employees across seven companies The survey included validated scales to measure variables such as enterprise social media usage, leader-member exchange, support for innovation, enterprise social media usage frequency, and employee creativity The data analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro in SPSS to test the mediation and moderated mediation hypotheses proposed in the study The study addressed potential common method bias by using time-lagged surveys and conducting a Harman's single factor test

No Author Year Results Methods

2023 The study focused on the relationship between excessive enterprise social media (ESM) usage and employee creativity, applying the transactional theory of stress and coping The results showed that excessive ESM usage had a positive effect on techno-overload and technology-work conflict These stressors, in turn, had a significant impact on ESM fatigue

Additionally, ESM fatigue was found to have a negative effect on employee creativity The study provided insights into the detrimental effects of ESM on employee creativity and highlighted the importance of considering the negative aspects of ESM adoption in organizations

The research utilized a survey conducted in the information technology industry in China in 2021, involving 367 individual employees The study employed a purposive sampling technique to select employees who used enterprise social media (ESM) daily The questionnaire included demographic variables and model constructs, with responses recorded on a seven-point Likert scale The data analysis involved structural equation modeling using SPSS Amos The study first assessed the measurement model for reliability and validity and then tested the structural model to examine the hypothesized relationships between excessive ESM usage, stressors, ESM fatigue, and employee creativity

2023 The study investigated the impact of social media usage on employee creativity through knowledge management behaviors The results showed that work-related social media usage positively influenced knowledge sharing and negatively influenced knowledge hiding and manipulation

The study employed an online questionnaire distributed to 425 employees in China to gather data The survey was meticulously crafted to measure the influence of social media engagement on employee creativity within the workplace To ensure the validity and reliability of the data, a reputable market research firm was enlisted to conduct the data collection process.

No Author Year Results Methods

However, social-related social media usage did not have a significant impact on knowledge management behaviors Knowledge sharing was found to positively correlate with employee creativity, while knowledge manipulation had a negative impact on employee creativity Overall, the study provided insights into how social media usage in the workplace can influence employee creativity through different knowledge management behaviors research company to ensure the quality and validity of responses The study utilized a covariance-based structural equation model (CB-SEM) to test the hypotheses and analyze the relationships between social media usage, knowledge management behaviors, and employee creativity The study also conducted statistical analyses to assess construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the measurement instruments The results of the study were based on the analysis of path coefficients and hypothesis testing using bootstrap resampling estimation The research method aimed to provide insights into how different purposes of social media usage influence employee creativity through knowledge management behaviors

Research Model and Hypotheses of Research Paper

This study develops a research model for measuring how employees’ using of ESM causes interruption overload and psychological transition, and how this is linked to employee creativity and ESM-related exhaustion (Fig 2.6) The research model is based on dual theoretical support from COR and RFT

Research Model of this Thesis

The mechanism of interruption overflow can cause ESM usage to end in exhaustion Consequently, this thesis proposes the following hypotheses:

2.4.1 The Relationship between Using ESM, Interruption overload, and ESM-related exhaustion

In today’s workplace, ESM is a valuable tool for enhancing communication and collaboration among employees The using of ESM enables efficient information exchange and task coordination within organizations (Chen & Karahanna, 2018) However, the extent of employees’ reliance on ESM can impact their well-being, leading to ESM-related exhaustion characterized by fatigue, overwhelm, and burnout stemming from constant engagement with these platforms While ESM boosts productivity, the perpetual connectivity and information overload it brings can strain employees mentally and emotionally, affecting job satisfaction and work-life balance (Nawaz et al., 2018)

Interruption overload, where individuals face continuous distractions and notifications while using ESM, acts as a key mediator in the relationship between socio-instrumental ESM use and exhaustion (Chang et al., 2022) The barrage of messages and updates disrupts workflow, impairs task focus, and increases cognitive burden This ongoing interruption exacerbates feelings of exhaustion and burnout as employees juggle online interactions with their regular job duties To address this issue, organizations should implement strategies like clear communication guidelines, scheduled message-checking times, and promoting digital detoxes to mitigate interruption overload and reduce ESM- related exhaustion risks (Zhou & Rau, 2023) By balancing the benefits of ESM with managing interruption overload, companies can leverage ESM effectively while safeguarding employee well-being è Based on the above analysis, this thesis poses the following hypothesis:

H1 Interruptional overload will act as a mediator in the positive relationship between the degree of Using ESM and ESM-related exhaustion

2.4.2 The Relationship between Using ESM, Psychological transition, and ESM- related exhaustion

The positive relationship between the extent of using ESM and ESM-related exhaustion is influenced by psychological transitions, which are cognitive and emotional shifts individuals experience when engaging with ESM platforms Initially, employees may feel excitement and novelty with ESM but as their usage increases, they can face cognitive overload, information saturation, and a constant need to be connected, leading to exhaustion

Initially, employees experience excitement and curiosity when adopting ESM, but as usage increases, they may encounter cognitive overload, information overload, and the constant need to stay connected This shift from initial enthusiasm to cognitive strain and emotional fatigue can contribute to ESM-related exhaustion.

H2 Psychological transitions will act as a mediating factor in the positive relationship between the degree of using ESM and ESM-related exhaustion

2.4.3 The Relationship between Using ESM, Interruption Overload, and Employee Creativity

Enterprise Social Media (ESM) and employee creativity are intertwined in today's professional landscapes ESM platforms facilitate social engagement and task accomplishment, fostering collaboration and knowledge sharing Employee creativity, on the other hand, drives innovation and organizational progress by generating original and valuable ideas and solutions The effective integration of ESM and employee creativity enables businesses to leverage these platforms for both social and professional benefits, stimulating creativity and fostering organizational success.

Interruption overload, in this context, signifies the excessive disturbances or diversions individuals encounter when utilizing ESM for socio-instrumental purposes These interruptions, stemming from notifications, messages, or perpetual connectivity, disrupt the cognitive flow of employees, impeding their capacity to concentrate on creative endeavors (Wang et al., 2014) As interruptions mount, individuals may struggle to maintain cognitive coherence, leading to diminished creativity and innovation

Baumgart et al (2020) proposed that The mediating role of interruption overload implies that the positive correlation between using ESM and employee creativity is not straightforward but is influenced by the degree of interruptions experienced When employees face incessant interruptions while engaging in social interactions and task fulfillment on ESM, their cognitive reserves deplete, impacting their creative thinking and problem-solving capabilities è Based on the above analysis, this thesis poses the following hypothesis:

H3 Interruption overload will act as a mediator in the positive relationship between employee creativity and the degree of use of ESM

2.4.4 The Relationship between Using ESM, Psychological Transition and Employee Creativity

Manik et al (2023) showed that psychological transitions encompass cognitive, emotional, and motivational changes experienced by individuals during ESM interactions, influencing their creative processes Effective management of these transitions is crucial in optimizing the impact of ESM on creativity

Enterprise social media (ESM) usage can influence creative thinking in employees, both positively and negatively The transition between communication and task-based activities on ESM platforms necessitates adjustments in attention, cognitive resources, and problem-solving approaches, which can impact creative idea generation.

Understanding how psychological transitions shape employees' creative outputs on ESM is crucial for organizations seeking to enhance creativity Organizations can unlock the positive effects of ESM on creativity by promoting cognitive flexibility, effectively managing cognitive load, and fostering a supportive emotional environment.

H4 Psychological transitions will act as a mediating factor in the positive relationship between the degree of using ESM and employee creativity

2.4.5 The Relationship between Using ESM and Interruption overload in the case of Promotion-focused Employees

Pitafi (2022) Employees who prioritize promotions have an impact on the relationship between interruption overload and the use of ESM Work overload has been observed to have a positive correlation with ESM usage, which lowers job performance On the other hand, informational support which improves job performance is also favorably correlated with ESM utilization

The relationship between ESM usage and task characteristics is strengthened by employees who prioritize promotions, whereas the indirect relationship between ESM usage and employee agility through task characteristics is weakened Therefore, the use of ESM may have both beneficial and harmful effects on task characteristics and job performance for individuals who are focused on promotions (Li et al., 2022) è Based on the above analysis, this thesis poses the following hypothesis:

H5a Employees who prioritize promotions have a higher positive correlation between using ESM and interruption overload

2.4.6 The Relationship between Using ESM, and Psychological transition in the case of Promotion-focused Employees

Employee agility is impacted by using ESM, and work characteristics mitigate this relationship Employees who are more concerned with promotion enhance the correlation between ESM usage and task features, whereas employees who are more concerned with prevention reduce it (Chen et al., 2022) Work engagement and transformational leadership behavior are positively correlated, and this link is somewhat controlled by promotion focus Higher levels of public service motivation among employees are positively correlated with the indirect effects of transformational leadership and work engagement through promotion focus

Employee turnover tendency is influenced by various factors such as fair allocation, job monotony, and support, moderated by psychological empowerment Positive workplace gossip can reduce employee silence through psychological safety, while the promotion-focused mindset impacts the relationship between safety and silence Thus, this research hypothesizes that creating a positive gossip culture and emphasizing promotion opportunities can reduce employee silence by fostering psychological safety.

H5b For employees who are focused on promotions, there is a higher positive correlation between psychological change and the degree of using ESM

2.4.7 The Relationship between Using ESM, and Psychological Transition in the case of Prevention-focused employees

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Process

The flowchart (Fig 3.1) depicted above outlines a structured research process, illustrating the sequential steps involved in conducting the research

The Flowchart illustrates the Steps of Research in this Thesis

In particular, the steps are specifically carried out as follows: ỉ Define the research problem:

Defining the research question is crucial as it shapes the focus and parameters of the study.* The research question should clearly articulate the issue or question that the research seeks to answer.* Establishing the research question guides the subsequent steps of the research process, ensuring a coherent and targeted investigation.

Official scale Draft scale ỉ Objectives of the study:

Once the research problem is defined, the objectives of the study are established These objectives outline the specific goals and outcomes that the research intends to achieve, providing a roadmap for the research process ỉ Theoretical basis:

Developing a theoretical framework is crucial in research, as it provides a foundation for understanding and interpreting the research findings By reviewing existing literature, theories, and concepts related to the research topic, researchers can establish a theoretical lens through which they can analyze and interpret their data This framework serves as a guide for the research design and analysis, ensuring that the research is grounded in established knowledge and provides meaningful insights.

A draft scale is created to measure or assess the variables identified in the research objectives This draft scale serves as a preliminary tool for data collection and analysis ỉ Additional adjustments:

Any necessary adjustments or refinements are made to the draft scale to ensure its validity and reliability in measuring the intended variables accurately This step may involve pilot testing the scale or seeking feedback from experts in the field ỉ Official scale:

Once the draft scale has been refined and validated, it becomes the official scale for the research study This finalized scale will be used to collect data from the research participants ỉ Quantitative research:

This step indicates the use of a quantitative research method, as evidenced by the sample size (N(7) provided Quantitative research involves collecting numerical data and analyzing it statistically to draw conclusions about relationships between variables ỉ Measurement model, Structural model:

Following data collection, a measurement model or structural model is proposed based on the relationships observed in the quantitative data This model represents the theoretical framework in a visual or mathematical form, illustrating the connections between variables ỉ Discuss results, Recommendations, Conclusion:

In the final step, the findings of the research are discussed, conclusions are drawn based on the results, and recommendations for future research or practical applications are provided This step involves synthesizing the research outcomes and implications for theory development and practice.

Instruments and Scales

This investigation utilizes well-established scales and instruments to gauge participants' social media usage for professional communication A five-point Likert scale, ranging from "Strongly Disagree" to "Strongly Agree," was employed to assess each item Respondents were surveyed via Google Form to assess the frequency of their social media use for work-related communication.

The meta-knowledge tool evaluates other users’ communication skills and level of expertise There are six things in the notion of meta-knowledge The scale gauges how quickly and effectively a person responds to unforeseen changes in their environment and adapts accordingly Employee agility constructs were measured using eighteen items However, I utilized experience as a control variable to determine the true influence of employee agility, age, gender, and education, and the survey items are all displayed in Table 3.2 on the next page (full survey in Schedule A)

1 To communicate with others for work, I frequently use ESM

Wei at al (2020) ES2 2 ESM is a tool I frequently use in my daily work to communicate with clients or colleagues

ES3 3 I frequently use ESM to do the following tasks as part of my regular workday: I ask questions

ES4 4 In response to inquiries, I frequently use ESM to complete the following tasks as part of my daily work

ES5 5 I use ESM frequently for the following tasks in my day-to-day work: file sharing

ES6 6 Work-related socialization is one of the tasks I use ESM for on a daily basis

1 I take chances at work to achieve my career advancement objective

(2015) PRO2 2 I usually take chances to succeed at work

PRO3 3 I would jump at the chance to work on a project with a lot of risk and potential for reward

PRO4 4 I would probably look for a new job if my current one did not allow for advancement

PRO5 5 I concentrate on completing work-related tasks that will accelerate my career growth

PRO6 6 One of the most important things to me in a job search is the opportunity to grow

PRO7 7 I am very much in the process of figuring out how I am going to achieve my goals

PRO8 8 Having a clear idea of my ideal self-influences my priorities

PRO9 9 My dreams and goals inspire me to work hard

1 To improve my job security, I focus on completing my work tasks accurately

(2015) PRE2 2 I am frequently preoccupied with completing tasks at work that will satisfy my need for security

PRE3 3 For me, the most crucial aspect of any job search is job security

PRE4 4 I concentrate on doing the tasks I have been given at work

PRE5 5 It is very important to me to complete my work responsibilities

PRE6 6 I try to fulfill the obligations and tasks that people have placed on me at work

PRE7 7 I make every effort to prevent losing at work

PRE8 8 I concentrate on not failing at work

PRE9 9 I take great care at work to limit my exposure to possible losses

1 I must deal with more interruptions from work and non-work- related activities than I have energy for

Chen & Kara hama (2018) IO2 2 I cannot keep up with all the interruptions, both work-related and not

IO3 3 I do not have enough time to handle all the interruptions, both work-related and not

IO4 4 Interruptions related to work and unrelated to work require more energy than I have

IO5 5 I get more interruptions than I can manage, both related to an unrelated to my work

1 During my working hours, interruptions related to both work and non-work usually require some time for me to get over thinking about work

PT2 2 When I am working, I usually need some time to mentally step away from work-related interruptions and non-work-related ones

EE1 1 My work has emotionally drained me Schaufeil et al

EE2 2 The demands of my job have worn me out emotionally

EE3 3 My work has worn me out

1 This employee always adopts novel approaches or ideas

Wen et al (2022) EC2 2 This employee looks for fresh perspectives and approaches to issues

EC3 3 This employee produces innovative concepts for the industry

EC4 4 This employee exemplifies creativity well

Data Collection Procedures

The purpose of this study was achieved by using the survey questionnaire for data collection and research model analysis Owing to the growing acceptance of ESM technology in Vietnam, the survey was carried out in Ho Chi Minh City The Vietnamese employees of various firms made up the target group for this study Standard backtranslation was then applied to the sample’s demographic data and scale

For this reason, the questionnaire was employed in the data-gathering process The authors discovered that staff members utilize the various ESM technology platforms after first visiting several businesses to verify the ESM environment While some companies utilize private ESM platforms, others use public social media sites First and foremost, the authors spoke with the management of the organizations about staff agility and ESM usage before administering the poll Second, the Author gave managers and staff members the assurance that their responses would remain confidential and that they may remove themselves from the survey The accepted questionnaire is suitable for this investigation, as the findings were verified I also distributed surveys to 301 employees who used ESM at work from January to the end of March 2024, using the easy sample approach

I used a convenient sampling method for several reasons First and foremost, it is the easiest method of data collection Second, this method saves the author time and money Third, the convent sampling procedure is useful for pilot studies To increase the response rate, the authors followed up via phone calls or e-mails A total of 301 questionnaires were personally circulated Some questionnaires were discarded because they were incorrectly filled in or consisted of incomplete information Finally, after assessing the questionnaires, we identified 287 responses to be appropriate for the final analysis The results corroborated that the t-statistics of all the constructs were insignificant Hence, the non- response bias was not considered a serious problem in this research.

Methods of Data Analysis

To process data in this study, SPSS 25 and Smart PLS 4 were used together:

Statistical methods used in this study the significance level is 0.5 Collected data are analyzed using SPSS 25 statistical software

To have a general view authors used descriptive statistics method to summarize and organize characteristics of a data set A data set is a collection of responses or observations from a sample or entire population

3.4.2 Testing Research Model and Hypotheses

In this section, Smart Pls 4 is the software used to investigate the Research Model and Hypotheses:

3.4.2.1 To Estimate the Measurement Model ỉ Test the measurement model:

Use statistical techniques such as confirmatory factor analysis or structural equation modeling to assess the fit of the model to the data Evaluate the factor loadings, reliability, and validity of the measurement model Make any necessary adjustments to improve the model fit ỉ Refine the model:

Based on the results of the statistical analysis, refine the measurement model by modifying the factor structure, removing items (if any), or adjusting the model parameters Continuously test and refine the model until it adequately represents the underlying constructs being measured

3.4.3.2 To Estimate the Structural Model

Utilize statistical techniques such as structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the relationships between variables in the model This involves estimating the path coefficients, and examining the significance of the relationships between variables Conduct sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the model and consider potential alternative model specifications Make any necessary adjustments to improve the model fit, such as adding or removing paths, modifying the model structure, or incorporating additional variables Repeat the analysis until a satisfactory model fit is achieved The main tasks in the structural model phase are: ỉ Hypothesis Formulation:

Formulate hypotheses about the relationships between different latent variables based on your theory or conceptual framework ỉ Path Specification:

Specify the paths between the constructs in the SEM, including direct, indirect (mediated), and covariances ỉ Model Assessment:

Evaluate the fit of the structural model to the data using various fit indices such as RMSEA, CFI, TLI, and SRMR ỉ Hypothesis Testing:

Test the statistical significance of the hypothesized paths, which could involve looking at standardized path coefficients and their p-values ỉ Model Modification:

Based on the results, and if theoretically justified, modify the structural model to improve fit, which may include adding or removing paths or accounting for measurement errors.

Report Findings

Valid and Reliable Measurement Model Supports Research**: Analysis of the measurement model revealed strong validity and reliability, supporting the research question and objectives The model demonstrates accurate measurement of the constructs and provides a sound basis for theory development and further research.

Write a comprehensive report detailing the methodology, results, and interpretation of the measurement model analysis Present the findings clearly and concisely, including tables, figures, and graphs to illustrate key findings Discuss the practical implications of the results and make recommendations for further research or application of the measurement model.

RESEARCH RESULTS

Demographics in Research

There was no financial incentive offered, and a total of 301 employees from various departments were asked to complete the online survey It was sent by QR code, email, and Zalo, a popular mobile application in Vietnam The authors sent brief messages via Zalo or waves of emails to the administrators of several departments to verify the veracity of the poll 301 replies were initially gathered; however, 14 respondents did not meet the conditions to become survey subjects, so their survey was eliminated In the end, 287 was the total sample size that was employed for additional analysis The respondents’ demographic information is displayed in Table 4.1 below

Education High School or Below 1 0.3

Research Model Estimation

In this section, Smart Pls (using the model in Fig 4.1) is the software used to investigate the Research Model and Hypotheses

SMART PLS has been successfully employed in a wide range of disciplines to assess research models and hypotheses Studies have examined the influence of quality management on university competitiveness, emphasizing the significance of innovative academic policies, technological alignment, and quality management systems Furthermore, PLS path modeling has been utilized to investigate the internalization of quality standards within the Spanish tourism sector, demonstrating the effectiveness of SMART PLS in evaluating research assumptions and models across various industries.

4.2.1 Testing sample size using Smart PLS 4

In this thesis, to determine a sample capable of being analyzed by Smart PLS, the author will use the Cohen (1992) method to determine the minimum sample

Sample Size Recommendation in a Statistical Power of 80%

Note From Cohen, J A power primer Psychological Bulletin, 112, 155-519

Applying this method, from the research model of this study (Fig 2.6), the maximum number of arrows pointing to 1 variable is 2, the Significance Level at 5%, and the minimum number of samples needed for this study is 124 Thus, the number of samples collected and satisfying the requirements is 287, which is enough to conduct testing

Thus, the tests and evaluations in this chapter will use this sample number (N = 287) and the model in Figure 4.1 with the coding attached (Table 3.2)

Model Research is used to test PLS in Smart PLS

The Measurement Model in Smart PLS includes analyzing correlations between latent variables measured by observable variables (Sanusi et al., 2022) Smart PLS software, with its user-friendly interface, has considerably contributed to the adoption of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) This approach is critical for examining variables such as academic policies, technological alignment, and quality management in higher education institutions to improve competitiveness Smart PLS allows researchers to examine and comprehend complex correlations in their data, resulting in useful insights and informed decision-making The program streamlines the process of analyzing measurement models, making it available to academics looking to improve their analytical capabilities (Sarstedt & Cheah, 2019)

4.2.2.1 Evaluate the Reliability of Scale

In research, Cronbach’s alpha is a commonly used reliability metric, especially in biomedical, psychological, and communication studies domains It evaluates a questionnaire’s items’ internal consistency Basu (2021) said that despite being widely used, there are complaints about its abuse and shortcomings when it comes to scale dependability estimation Together with omega, Cronbach’s alpha aids in assessing the validity of a group of questionnaire questions by offering insightful information about how the items that measure a particular construct are related to one another

The value of Cronbach’s alpha usually needs to reach a minimum of 0.7 to be considered acceptable reliability (Hair et al., 2016) This value indicates the degree of uniformity of the questions measuring a particular variable If Cronbach’s alpha value is below 0.7, it may be recommended to recheck the questions’ uniformity or eliminate inappropriate questions (Hair et al., 2021) Thus, from the results of Cronbach’s alpha analysis, all factors satisfy the requirements of the minimum value of Cronbach’s alpha, except for the “Psychological transition” variable, however, accepting Cronbach’s alpha values greater than 0.6 is typical (Taber, 2018) Therefore, it is not possible to objectively show the level of impact of the variable, so this study will also accept the “Psychological transition” variable

In addition, to evaluate the scale’s reliability, this study will also check the outer loadings

Promotion- focus of employees x Using

Prevention- focus of employees x Using

Note 1 = ESM-related exhaustion, 2 = Employee creativity, 3 = Interruption overload, 4

= Prevention-focus of employees, 5 = Promotion-focus of employees, 6 = Psychological transition, 7 = Using ESM, 8 = Prevention-focus of employees x Using ESM,

9 = Promotion-focus of employees x Using ESM

Based on the result table, all indicators are greater than 0.7, therefore all indicators are retained

AVE value in Smart PLS is a statistical metric that measures how much variation is captured by a concept It is often used to validate structures in structural equation modeling

Active virtual environments (AVEs) play a vital role in evaluating the effectiveness of active online learning elements The acceptance level of AVE should be at least 0.5, as determined by Bagozzi et al (1991) This threshold indicates a positive perception and willingness to engage with AVE-based learning activities.

Thus, all variables satisfy the requirement for Convergent validity through the result that all AVEs are greater than 0.5 This shows that the observed variables of a latent variable are positively correlated with each other and the correlation is expressed through

AVE as shown in table 4.5

To avoid multicollinearity problems in research involving latent variables, the heterotrait-monotrait ratio of correlations (HTMT) must be used in the Smart PLS evaluation of discriminant validity Research has demonstrated that this technique works well for verifying the reliability and validity of study scales Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that applying PLS-SEM to data analysis satisfies validity and reliability requirements, guaranteeing the measurement model’s resilience (Yusoff et al., 2020)

HTMT value should be less than 0.85 when the two constructs are conceptually distinct The value should be less than 0.9 when the two constructs are conceptually similar

When the HTMT value is greater than 0.85 (or 0.9 in case the two variables are similar)

Notice: 1 = ESM-related exhaustion, 2 = Employee creativity, 3 = Interruption overload,

4 = Prevention-focus of employees, 5 = Promotion-focus of employees, 6 = Psychological transition, 7 = Using ESM, 8 = Prevention-focus of employees x Using ESM,

9 = Promotion-focus of employees x Using ESM

Thus, from analyzing the HTMT matrix, the results show that the HTMT value should be less than 0.85 when the two constructs are conceptually different

Diagnostic methods such as the variance inflation factor, condition index, and variance decomposition percentage can be used to detect multicollinearity in Smart PLS models High VIF values or condition indices (generally above 10 to 30) indicate multicollinearity, which can lead to inaccurate regression findings, in this study, what is required to achieve VIF is less than 3 (Kim, 2019) Furthermore, VDPs derived from eigenvectors can aid in the identification of multicollinear variables by displaying the inflation of regression coefficient variances based on each condition index Excluding multicollinear variables might result in more stable regression models These strategies can help Smart PLS, a structural equation modeling tool, discover and handle multicollinearity concerns more effectively, assuring the analysis’s trustworthiness

Based on the VIF results (Schedule B), all VIF values are greater than 1 and less than

3, so it can be concluded that there is a moderate correlation between a certain independent variable and other independent variables in the model à Possible multicollinearity phenomenon However, this is usually not very serious

4.2.3.2 Testing Indirect and Moderating Effects

Indirect effects reveal intermediary variables' involvement in exposure-outcome relationships, guiding intervention design and elucidating causal mechanisms Moderating effects represent interactions that alter the magnitude or direction of variable correlations, offering additional insights into study results.

Paths Hypotheses Std ò t -values Bootstrap Conclusion

Notice: The meaning of code in Table 3.2; a p < 0.001, b p < 0.05

Horowitz (2018) said that Bootstrap is a statistical procedure used in econometrics to estimate the distribution of an estimator or test statistic by resampling data points It gives more precise approximations to statistical distributions, confidence interval coverage probabilities, and hypothesis test rejection probabilities than classical asymptotic distribution theory The Bootstrap value does not take the value 0 If the hypothesis has a Bootstrap interval with a value of 0, this proves that the hypothesis does not support the research (Babujian & Karowski, 2001)

The experimental results indicate that Electronic Service Management (ESM) usage affects employees' ESM-related exhaustion through the mediating constructs of Interruption Overload (H1: β = 0.051, p < 0.01) and Psychological Transition (H2: β = 0.060, p < 0.01) Similarly, ESM usage influences employee creativity through Interruption Overload (H1: β = 0.046, p < 0.01) and Psychological Transition (H2: β = 0.057, p < 0.01) These results suggest that the direct effects of Interruption Overload and Psychological Transition on ESM are not significant, indicating that the mediating effects fully account for the associations.

Explain the meaning of Moderating effects: Based on research results, comparing ò,

P-values , and Bootstrap, only one hypothesis H5a is considered supported Thus, it can be concluded that the use of ESM leads to Interruption overload which is moderated by the Promotion-focus of employees (ò = -0.163, p < 0.05), the remaining hypotheses are rejected and are not meaningful statistical

Smart PLS software helps instructors improve their research skills and data processing capacities, hence increasing the explanatory power of instructional content Furthermore, the use of smart content, such as generative learning objects (GLOs) and component-based learning objects, promotes STEM-driven computer science education by offering dynamic and changing entities with improved functionality, including explicit STEM qualities (Tambun et al., 2022) The use of comprehensive explanations and graphical hierarchies in knowledge-based systems helps to increase system transparency and adaptability, which leads to superior decision-making and problem-solving performance in educational contexts

Discussion

Employees engaging frequently on ESM networks experience excessive work-related and personal interruptions, draining their energy and impeding their creative abilities These interruptions necessitate mental disengagement from current tasks, leading to exhaustion and hindering originality The constant demand for attention on ESM platforms depletes employees' resources, resulting in behavioral and psychological consequences aligned with the principles of interruption overload and psychological transition, which is the need to switch between tasks.

COR, which posit that resource depletion can lead to emotional exhaustion and stress.

CONCLUSION

Conclusion

The research paper focuses on how ESM boosts employee creativity ESM platforms are becoming popular in organizations, with the potential to drive creativity, collaboration, and idea-sharing The topic is also influenced by social media impacting well-being, job satisfaction, and social capital development Effective use of social media tools can unleash employee creativity and drive innovation The study aims to bridge the gap in the literature on the relationship between ESM usage and employee creativity, providing insights into

HR decisions and organizational strategies

The theoretical underpinnings and empirical studies related to the influence of ESM on employee creativity and well-being It elucidates the concept of ESM as a digital platform fostering communication and collaboration among coworkers, enhancing loyalty, productivity, and innovation within organizations The chapter explores the promotion focus, encouraging individuals to improve skills and explore career opportunities, and the prevention focus, emphasizing risk avoidance and careful behavior Drawing on the COR theory, it highlights the significance of resource preservation for employee well-being and job performance Additionally, the chapter delves into the concept of employee creativity, emphasizing the role of psychological capital, leadership support, and social interactions in fostering innovative ideas in the workplace Summaries of related studies underscore the impact of ESM usage on interruption overload, psychological transition, and employee outcomes, providing valuable insights into the dynamics of ESM utilization in organizational settings

Research results were obtained from the study, starting with a demographic analysis of the 287 respondents who participated in the survey The data collection procedures, including the distribution of the survey questionnaire through various online platforms, are detailed The chapter then delves into the testing of the research model and hypotheses using Smart PLS software The measurement model is discussed, emphasizing the importance of accurate measurements and uncertainty evaluation The results of hypothesis testing reveal significant findings related to the impact of using ESM on ESM-related exhaustion and employee creativity, mediated by interruption overload and psychological transition Notably, 3 out of 8 hypotheses were eliminated because they did not satisfy the Bootstrap conditions (H5b, H6a, H6b), meaning that in the moderating relationships, there is only a relationship between using ESM, Interruption overload, and Promotion -focus of employees The study model explains a substantial variance in interruption overload, psychological transition, ESM-related exhaustion, and employee creativity Additionally, the chapter explores the moderating role of promotion and prevention-focus of employees on the relationship between ESM usage and interruption overload and psychological transition The findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between ESM usage, employee well-being, and creativity in the workplace

In this research, some key findings were found, specifically as the statistics below:

1 Enterprise Social Media usage has a significant impact on employee creativity and well-being

2 Interruption overload and psychological transition mediate the association between ESM usage and ESM-related exhaustion, as well as employee creativity

3 Promotion focus strengthens the positive relationship between ESM usage and psychological transition, while prevention focus weakens the positive relationship between ESM usage and interruption overload

4 The study model explains a substantial variance in interruption overload, psychological transition, ESM-related exhaustion, and employee creativity

5 The research provides insights into the detrimental effects of ESM usage on employee well-being and productivity, despite the positive aspects of ESM utilization

6 The findings highlight the importance of understanding the negative outcomes of ESM usage to encourage further research in this area and support human resource management decisions.

Implications

In general, this study has four implications for scientific inquiry:

Firstly, comprehending employee welfare: this thesis in this field can provide insight into how employees’ use of ESM affects their general well-being and mental health This can assist companies in creating plans to encourage a positive workplace culture and avoid detrimental psychological effects

Secondly, improving communication within the organization of firms: researching how ESM influences employee conduct might shed light on how these platforms influence organizational communication styles This information may be utilized to improve staff collaboration and communication tactics

Thirdly, promote creativity: this thesis examining the psychological consequences of ESM can reveal how these platforms influence worker productivity and creativity Organizations may take action to improve employee performance and creativity by recognizing these dynamics

Lastly, minimizing unfavorable effects: investigating the behavioral effects of ESM might assist in identifying possible hazards and unfavorable effects related to excessive or improper platform use Policies and recommendations to reduce these dangers and encourage appropriate ESM usage can be informed by this understanding

As a whole, this thesis has five implications for Human Resource Managers:

Firstly, create an internal communication system: ESM platforms may help workers communicate and collaborate more effectively, breaking down silos and creating a more connected and engaged workforce

Secondly, employee engagement may be increased by allowing workers to share ideas, offer feedback, and acknowledge one another’s contributions using business social media

HR managers may use these platforms to foster a healthy workplace culture and increase overall job satisfaction

Thirdly, improved knowledge sharing and learning: ESM can serve as a repository of knowledge and best practices, allowing employees to learn from each other and stay updated on industry trends HR managers should promote a culture of continuous learning and knowledge sharing through these platforms

Fourth, disputes and misuse: while workplace social media may provide several benefits, it also raises the possibility of disputes, improper behavior, and overuse HR managers must develop clear standards and regulations for the usage of these platforms to avoid any negative influence on employee happiness and efficiency

Finally, the continual connectedness provided by workplace social media can blur the lines between work and personal life, increasing the risk of burnout and decreasing job satisfaction HR managers should encourage workers to set boundaries and emphasize self- care to achieve a good work-life balance.

Limitation of Research and Future Research Direction

This thesis has many drawbacks, however here are a few things I recommend overcoming to undertake more in-depth study in the future:

1 Foremost, this study is limited by its geographical location and research subject (in this thesis, study subjects are solely office employees) This study only conducts and analyzes surveys in Ho Chi Minh City, thus it cannot properly reflect the influence of ESM on the psychology and behavior of employees in Vietnam or other geographical locations

To enhance the objectivity of ESM research, future studies should engage a diverse range of organizations, including those in the public sector, civic improvement initiatives, and self-employment, across various regions of Vietnam and other countries The results of these surveys should be compiled and analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the topic.

2 Survey time is also one of the variables that must be changed Because the data used in this thesis was collected between January and March, it did not accurately represent the benefits of ESM on creativity and spirit Employee morale, since changing events throughout the year produce changes in communication needs, which lead to changes in ESM needs and habits

Examining the impact of ESM on employee creativity across different time frames can enhance data collection Adjusting the survey schedule seasonally, annually, and during holidays would enable researchers to analyze ESM's influence during specific periods, providing a more comprehensive understanding of its effects throughout the year.

3 The study’s unsuitable measuring scale might be one of the things to consider in future research publications

Scales should be adjusted to fit the context of corporate social media Modify current scales or create new scales that are specially designed for the context of corporate social media use inside the organization This may entail incorporating items that are related to the features and functionality of the corporate social media platform under consideration

In conclusion, by addressing these implications for research, future studies can further advance knowledge in the field and contribute to enhancing organizational practices and employee well-being within academic institutions

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Constructs and Measurement Scale Source

From 22 to 25 From 26 to 30 From 31 to 35 From 36 to 40 Above 40

Education High school (or Lower)

College University Postgraduate How many years of work experience do you have?

2-3 years 3-4 years 4-6 years More 6 years

Employee Contract Employee Assistant/ Supervisor Manager

Department working HR, Legal, Finance

Tech Team Product Team Data Team

Constructs and Measurement Scale Source

Audience Team Marketing Team Sales and Care Team How long have you been using ESM? Less than 1 year

1-2 years 2-3 years 3-4 years More 4 years

Social Media use to work? Facebook

Instagram Twitter (X) Linkedin TikTok YouTube Telegram Zalo Microsoft Team WhatsApp

1 To communicate with others for work, I frequently use ESM

2 ESM is a tool I frequently use in my daily work to communicate with clients or colleagues

3 I frequently use ESM to do the following tasks as part of my regular workday: I ask questions

Likert 1-5 Scale Wei at al

Constructs and Measurement Scale Source

4 In response to inquiries, I frequently use

ESM to complete the following tasks as part of my daily work

5 I use ESM frequently for the following tasks in my day-to-day work: file sharing

6 Work-related socialization is one of the tasks

I use ESM for on a daily basis

1 I take chances at work to achieve my career advancement objective

2 I usually take chances to succeed at work

3 I would jump at the chance to work on a project with a lot of risk and potential for reward

4 I would probably look for a new job if my current one did not allow for advancement

5 I concentrate on completing work-related tasks that will accelerate my career growth

6 One of the most important things to me in a job search is the opportunity to grow

7 I am very much in the process of figuring out how I am going to achieve my goals

8 Having a clear idea of my ideal self- influences my priorities

9 My dreams and goals inspire me to work hard

Likert 1-5 Scale Koopman et al (2015)

1 To improve my job security, I focus on completing my work tasks accurately

Likert 1-5 Scale Koopman et al (2015)

Constructs and Measurement Scale Source

2 I am frequently preoccupied with completing tasks at work that will satisfy my need for security

3 For me, the most crucial aspect of any job search is job security

4 I concentrate on doing the tasks I have been given at work

5 It is very important to me to complete my work responsibilities

6 I try to fulfill the obligations and tasks that people have placed on me at work

7 I make every effort to prevent losing at work

8 I concentrate on not failing at work

9 I take great care at work to limit my exposure to possible losses

1 I must deal with more interruptions from work and non-work-related activities than I have energy for

2 I cannot keep up with all the interruptions, both work-related and not

3 I do not have enough time to handle all the interruptions, both work-related and not

4 Interruptions related to work and unrelated to work require more energy than I have

5 I get more interruptions than I can manage, both related to an unrelated to my work

1 During my working hours, interruptions related to both work and non-work usually

Constructs and Measurement Scale Source require some time for me to get over thinking about work

2 When I am working, I usually need some time to mentally step away from work-related interruptions and non-work-related ones

1 My work has emotionally drained me

2 The demands of my job have worn me out emotionally

3 My work has worn me out

Likert 1-5 Scale Schaufeil et al (1995)

1 This employee always adopts novel approaches or ideas

2 This employee looks for fresh perspectives and approaches to issues

3 This employee produces innovative concepts for the industry

4 This employee exemplifies creativity well

Likert 1-5 Scale Wen et al