the essay module overview of e commerce topic building a tourism business strategy commercial

TABLES OF CONTENTContents LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Direct contribution of tourism in OECD economies 5 Figure 2 Contribution of tourism to service exports 6 Figure 3 Survey results of the

HUE UNIVERSITYSCHOOL OF HOSPITALITY AND TOURISM

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-THE ESSAYMODULE: OVERVIEW OF E-COMMERCE

TOPIC:Building a tourism business strategy

TABLES OF CONTENT

Contents

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Direct contribution of tourism in OECD economies 5

Figure 2 Contribution of tourism to service exports 6

Figure 3

Survey results of the Tourism Advisory Council updated on the business performance of tourism and travel businesses 15

Figure 4 Workforce quarterly, 2020 and 2021 118

INTRODUCTORY

Hello lecturer, We are Group 4 We are studying at “School of hospitality andtourism - Hue University”; We are a sophomore, and our major is “Tourism andHotel Management.” Now, We would like to present some content in our essay

CONTENTPart 1: The impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on tourism sector The

behavior and response of a/a few tourist destination(s) for

industry's recovery.A World Tourism and Covid-19 The behavior and response

of a/a few tourist destination(s) for industry's recovery.

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has triggered an unprecedentedcrisis in the tourism economy, given the immediate and immense shock tothe sector Revised OECD estimates on the COVID-19 impact point to 60%decline in international tourism in 2020 This could rise to 80% if recoveryis delayed until December International tourism within specific geographic-regions (e.g in the European Union) is expected to rebound first and fast

The impact of Covid-19 affects many aspects of the tourism industry,including the 3 most influential aspects: TOURISM ECONOMICIMPACTS, MASSIVE IMPACT ON LIVELIHOODS and MITIGATINGIMPACTS ON NATURE AND CULTURE

Tourism generates foreign exchange, drives regional development,directly supports numerous types of jobs and businesses and underpinsmany local communities The sector directly contributes, on average, 4.4%of GDP, and 21.5% of service exports in OECD countries5 These sharesare much higher for several OECD countries For example, tourism in Spaincontributes 11.8% of GDP while travel represents 52.3% of total serviceexports, in Mexico these figures are 8.7% and 78.3%, in Iceland 8.6% and47.7%, in Portugal 8.0% and 51.1%, and in France 7.4% and 22.2%.

Figure 1: Direct contribution of tourism in OECD economies

Note: GDP refers to GVA for Canada, Chile, Colombia, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom and the United States

GDP data for France refer to internal tourism consumption.GDP data for Korea and Spain includes indirect effects.Source: OECD Tourism Statistics (Database)

Figure 2: Contribution of tourism to service exports

(Source: OECD Tourism Statistics (Database)

Tourism is a labour intensive sector, directly contributing 6.9% ofemployment on average in OECD countries The sector is a leading source.

of employment and job creation, providing a high volume of jobs for lowskilled workers, together with higher skilled jobs The sector employs manyseasonal, part-time and temporary workers With the impact of the crisiscontinuing over June-July-August and reduced capacity for many industrybranches, many of these jobs will be directly affected In normalcircumstances, the sector can help provide diverse employmentopportunities for migrants, women, students and older workers, not only inmajor cities but also in remote, rural and coastal areas, as well as otheroften economically fragile locations where alternative opportunities may belimited For example the share of tourism employment represents 15.7% oftotal employment in Iceland, 13.5% in Spain, 10.3% in Ireland, 10.0% inGreece, and 9.8% in Portugal

Tourism is one of the most directly affected sectors in this current crisisand this calls for immediate and long term responses With internationalaviation at a virtual standstill since March, the closure of tourism sites andattractions, the cancellation or postponement of major festivals and events,and restrictions on public gatherings (indoor and outdoor) in manycountries, the impact of COVID-19 on global tourism has beenoverwhelming and immediate Furthermore, despite the sector’s provenresilience in response to previous crises, the sheer depth and breadth ofCOVID-19–related impacts on tourism and the wider economy means aquick recovery is unlikely Reflecting the urgency of the situation, anextraordinary convening of the G20 Tourism Ministers was held on 23April, with Ministers issuing a statement welcoming national efforts tomitigate the economic and social impact of the pandemic, and committingwork together to provide support to support a sustainable and inclusiverecovery of the tourism sector

The reality is that global tourism will be hard hit throughout 2020 andbeyond, even if the spread of the virus is brought under control in thecoming months Tourism businesses were among the first to be shut downfollowing the introduction of measures to contain the virus, as tourismnecessarily involves people-to-people interactions and the movement ofpeople travelling from their place of usual residence to destinations withintheir own country, and to other countries Tourism activities are also likelyto be among the last to restart, and on a phased basis Even when thesebusinesses do open, it will be under new operating procedures in theabsence of a vaccine The pandemic is also likely to have an impact ontourist behaviour, impacting the resumption and recover of domestic andinternational tourism

Revised OECD estimates point to 60% decline in international tourism in2020, rising to 80% if recovery is delayed until December The last time theglobal tourism economy contracted was immediately following thefinancial crisis in 2008 when international arrivals decreased by 3.9% This

is in line with recent projections from other organisations, which similarlyindicate a significant reversal from previous growth projections LatestUNWTO estimates point to 22% decline on international tourist arrivals inthe first three months of the year, while for 2020 a fall of between 58% and78% is predicted, which would imply a loss of between USD 910 billion toUSD 1.2 trillion in export revenues from tourism The World Travel andTourism Council (WTTC), meanwhile, forecast on 24 April that 100.8million jobs are at risk globally An ILO sectoral policy brief has identifiedtourism as one of the most vulnerable sectors that is extremely likely towitness a drastic fall in jobs as a result of the COVID-19 crisis

Not only in 2020, the difficult situation will continue until 2021, with theappearance of many new strains of Covid-19, making the tourism industrystill not operating normally, even more difficult The World TourismOrganization (UNWTO) said that in 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic isexpected to cost the global economy about $2.4 trillion due to the collapseof the international tourism industry Among them, the countries with thehighest GDP reduction due to the drop in tourism industry because of theCOVID-19 pandemic are Turkey (-9.1%), Ecuador (-9%), South Africa (-8) 1%), Ireland (-5.9%)…

Previously, in July 2020, the United Nations Conference on Trade andDevelopment (UNCTAD) also forecasted that the period of internationaltravel stagnation will last from 4-12 months, causing the global economy todecline damage from 1.2-3.3 trillion USD But in fact, the tourism industryis affected for a longer time, the damage figure is much higher, because thepandemic does not know when to end

According to the United Nations Report, international tourist arrivals fellby about 1 billion, or 73% in 2020, while in the first quarter of 2021, thedecrease was 88% The most affected regions are Northeast Asia, SoutheastAsia, Oceania, North Africa and South Asia; while those less affected areNorth America, Western Europe and the Caribbean

The International Labor Organization (ILO) recently conducted anassessment of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism jobs inAsia and the Pacific A report released on November 18 by the ILO said thatthe Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, Brunei and Mongolia recorded one-third of the job losses due to the COVID-19 epidemic in the tourismindustry The report affirms that the job loss in tourism-related industries in2020 is four times higher than in other industries

A.b Massive impact on livelihoods

 As many as 100 million direct tourism jobs are at risk, in addition tosectors associated with tourism such as labour-intensive accommodationand food services industries that provide employment for 144 millionworkers worldwide Small businesses (which shoulder 80% of globaltourism) are particularly vulnerable

 Women, who make up 54% of the tourism workforce, youth and workersin the informal economy are among the most at-risk categories

 No nation will be unaffected Destinations most reliant on tourism forjobs and economic growth are likely to be hit hardest: SIDS, LeastDeveloped Countries (LDCs) and African countries In Africa, the sectorrepresented 10% of all exports in 2019

It can be seen how terrible the impact of Covid is when the number ofunemployed people is so high.The labour market crisis created by theCOVID-19 pandemic is far from over, and employment growth will beinsufficient to make up for the losses suffered until at least 2023, accordingto a new assessment by the International Labour Organization (ILO)

The ILO’s World Employment and Social Outlook: Trends 2021 (WESOTrends) projects the global crisis-induced ‘jobs gap’ will reach 75 million in

2021, before falling to 23 million in 2022 The related gap in hours, which includes the jobs gap and those on reduced hours, amounts tothe equivalent of 100 million full-time jobs in 2021 and 26 million full-timejobs in 2022 This shortfall in employment and working hours comes on topof persistently high pre-crisis levels of unemployment, labourunderutilization and poor working conditions

working-In consequence, global unemployment is expected to stand at 205 millionpeople in 2022, greatly surpassing the level of 187 million in 2019 Thiscorresponds to an unemployment rate of 5.7 per cent Excluding theCOVID-19 crisis period, such a rate was last seen in 2013

The worst affected regions in the first half of 2021 have been LatinAmerica and the Caribbean, and Europe and Central Asia In both,estimated working-hour losses exceeded eight per cent in the first quarterand six per cent in the second quarter, compared to global working-hourlosses of 4.8 and 4.4 per cent in the first and second quarter, respectively

Global employment recovery is projected to accelerate in the second halfof 2021, provided that there is no worsening in the overall pandemicsituation However this will be uneven, due to unequal vaccine access andthe limited capacity of most developing and emerging economies to supportstrong fiscal stimulus measures Furthermore, the quality of newly createdjobs is likely to deteriorate in those countries

The fall in employment and hours worked has translated into a sharpdrop in labour income and a corresponding rise in poverty Compared to2019, an additional 108 million workers worldwide are now categorized aspoor or extremely poor (meaning they and their families live on theequivalent of less than US$3.20 per person per day) “Five years ofprogress towards the eradication of working poverty have been undone,”the report says, adding that this renders the achievement of the UNSustainable Development Goal of eradicating poverty by 2030 even moreelusive

The COVID-19 crisis has also made pre-existing inequalities worse byhitting vulnerable workers harder, the report finds The widespread lack ofsocial protection – for example among the world’s two billion informalsector workers – means that pandemic-related work disruptions have hadcatastrophic consequences for family incomes and livelihoods

The crisis has also hit women disproportionately Their employmentdeclined by 5 per cent in 2020 compared to 3.9 per cent for men A greaterproportion of women also fell out of the labour market, becoming inactive.Additional domestic responsibilities resulting from crisis lockdowns havealso created the risk of a “re-traditionalization” of gender roles

Covid brings many results that we do not want, we can only solve it byvaccinating as soon as possible to solve this situation

A.c Preserving the planet- mitigating impacts on natureand culture

 The sudden fall in tourism cuts off funding for biodiversity conservation.Some 7% of world tourism relates to wildlife, a segment growing by 3%annually

 This places jobs at risk and has already led to a rise in poaching, lootingand in consumption of bushmeat, partly due to the decreased presence oftourists and staff

 The impact on biodiversity and ecosystems is particularly critical inSIDS and LDCs In many African destinations, wildlife accounts for upto 80% of visits, and in many SIDS, tourism revenues enable marineconservation efforts

 Several examples of community involvement in nature tourism showhow communities, including indigenous peoples, have been able toprotect their cultural and natural heritage while creating wealth andimprove their wellbeing The impact of COVID-19 on tourism placesfurther pressure on heritage conservation as well as on the cultural and

economic consequences for communities reliant on tourism Further,90% of museums closed and 13% may never reopen.

A.d The behavior and response of a/a few touristdestination(s) for industry's recovery.

China’s travel restart after COVID-19, 11 May 2020)

Some countries are having a strategy to restart their tourism industryunder the concept of "travel corridors" Accordingly, some countries such asAustralia, New Zealand, Estonia, Latvia, China, South Korea, etc mayallow foreign tourists to enter when these tourists come from a controlledneighboring country Disease A recent concept that has also receivedattention is "travel bubbles" This concept is similar to corridor tourism,allowing countries or regions to connect tourism activities when thesecountries have demonstrated a degree of success in controlling the diseasein the past country

Collectively, all these measures aim to stimulate tourism demandbetween two or more countries, creating a temporary bubble-like cover tosupport people to travel between countries However, as the name suggests,the bubble can burst at any time, if a sudden outbreak of the disease in anycountry can lead to the spread to other countries where people have been.tourism This is only a temporary measure, of course, it is still necessary topay attention to the safety of people when promoting such tourism Someindustry experts is also conducting research to propose tourism bubbles thatcan be combined with Vietnam such as Thailand, Myanmar, Philippines

The campaign of people traveling in the country is currently the safestmeasure to stimulate tourism demand, while ensuring the safety of peoplein each country

Along with the introduction of the Vaccine, not only China but alsocountries around the world are also speeding up the recovery of the tourismindustry, which has been heavily affected by the Covid epidemic It can beseen that the hope of a recovery in tourism is quite high, governments areworking for their entire populations, and the infection rate has alsodecreased significantly, signaling a revival of the tourism industry in futureshortly

B Vietnam Tourism and Covid-19 The behavior andresponse of a/a few tourist destination(s) for industry'srecovery.