Luận văn thạc sĩ Công nghệ thực phẩm: Nghiên cứu sản xuất bột gạo lức cho người bị bệnh tiểu đường

Gҥo lӭc so vӟi gҥo xát trҳng có Oѭӧng protein nhiӅXKѫQ30%, vitamin B1 gҩp 4 lҫn, chҩt béo gҩSÿӃn 5 lҫn, vitamin B5 acid pantotenic gҩp 4 lҫn, acid linoleic chӍ có trong sӳa mҽ chiӃm 30%

ĈһWYҩQÿӅ

Carbohydrate

&DUERK\GUDWHFӫDJҥRFKӫ\ӃXOjWLQKEӝWFQJYӟLPӝWOѭӧQJQKӓSHQWRVDQ KHPLFHOOXORVHYjÿѭӡQJ7LQKEӝWFKLӃPNKRҧQJ - OѭӧQJFiF FKҩWUҳQ 7LQK EӝW JӗP Fy KDL WKjQK SKҫQ Oj DP\ORVH Yj DP\ORSHFWLQ 7X\ QKLrQ JҥR GҿR FKӭD tW KRһF NK{QJ FKӭD DP\ORVH 7URQJ FiF ORҥL JҥR WKѭӡQJ OѭӧQJ DP\ORVH FKLӃP - WәQJ OѭӧQJWLQKEӝW:LOOLDPVHWDO Juliano et al., 1964; Beachell và Stansel, 1963) Các ORҥLJҥRLQGLFDQyLFKXQJOjFKӭDQKLӅXDP\ORVHKѫQMDSRQLFD

Trong JҥR[iWOjNKRҧQJ- YӟLWӹOӋDUDELQRVH[\ORVHWӯÿӃQ-XOLDQRHW al., 1964; Bevenue và Williams, 1956) Còn trong gҥR OӭF WKu KjP OѭӧQJ FKLWRVDQ GDR ÿӝQJWӯ- 2,5% (David và Kohler, 1970) ĈѭӡQJFKLӃPNKRҧQJ- WURQJJҥRWUҳQJYjNKRҧQJ- WURQJJҥROӭFĈѭӡQJWӵGRFKӫ\ӃXOjVDFFKDURVHFQJYӟLPӝWOѭӧQJQKӓJOXFRVHYj fructose (Williams và Bevenue, 1953).

Protein

+jPOѭӧQJSURWHLQWK{1[GDRÿӝQJWӯ- WURQJJҥRWUҳQJYjWӯ 6,7 - WURQJJҥROӭFFiPWKѭѫQJPҥLFKӭD- 19,2% (FAO, 1957; Juliano et al., 1964; Limcango-Lopez et al., 1962; Houston et al., 1969)

+jPOѭӧQJSURWHLQFKӏXҧQKKѭӣQJOӟQEӣLJLӕQJYjÿLӅXNLӋQP{LWUѭӡQJ0F&DOO HWDOEӣLPDYө&DJDPSDQJHWDOYjSKkQÿҥP-XOLDQR et al.,1964;

Kik và Hall, 1961-XOLDQRYjFiFFӝQJVӵFKRWKҩ\FyVӵNKiFELӋWNKRҧQJ WURQJKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQFӫDFQJPӝWORҥLJҥRWUӗQJӣFiFPDYөNKiFQKDX &KӍFy PӝWOѭӧQJQKӓSURWHLQWDQWURQJQѭӟFDOEXPLQWDQWURQJQѭӟFPXӕL (globulin) và WDQWURQJUѭӧXSURODPLQKҫXKӃWSURWHLQWURQJJҥROjORҥLWDQWURQJ NLӅP JOXWHOLQFzQJӑLOjRU\]HQLQ'DYLGYj.RKOHU

%ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQDFLGDPLQFӫDJҥROӭFJJ1

Thành phҫQ ÿѭӧF xác ÿӏQK bӣL

%ҧQJ7KjQKSKҫQDFLGDPLQFӫDJҥROӭFVRYӟLWKjQK SKҫQDFLGDPLQ

Acid amin Thành phҫQ chuҭQ (g/16g N) GҥR OӭF (g/16g N)

%ҧQJ 7KjQKSKҫQDFLGDPLQFӫDFiFORҥLSURWHLQWURQJJҥROӭFJJ

Acid amin Albumin Globulin Prolamin Glutelin

+jPOѭӧQJQLWѫDFLGDPLQWӵGRFKLӃPNKRҧQJWURQJWәQJOѭӧQJQLWѫSURWHLQ WK{1yFKLӃPQKLӅXQKҩWOjӣWURQJSK{LVDXÿyOjÿӃQFiPYjFXӕLFQJOjӣWURQJQӝL QKǊ7DNDQRYj1R]X

&yEҵQJFKӭQJFKRWKҩ\OjKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQYjDFLGDPLQWӵGRWұSWUXQJQKLӅXӣOӟSQJRjLFӫDKҥWJҥRÿm[iWWUҳQJYjJLҧPGҫQYӅSKtDWURQJKҥW&ǊQJ

QKұQWKҩ\UҵQJWӹOӋDOEXPLQYjJOREXOLQWURQJSURWHLQFDRQKҩWOjӣFiFOӟSQJRjLFӫDKҥWJҥRÿm[iWWUҳQJYjJLҧPGҫQYӅSKtDWURQJKҥWWURQJNKLWӹOӋJOXWHOLQWKuQJѭӧFOҥL

Vitamin

*ҥRYjFiFVҧQSKҭPWӯJҥRFKӍFKӭDtWKRһFNK{QJFyYLWDPLQ$DFLGDVFRUELF YLWDPLQ':DWWYj0HUULOO-XOLDQR7KjQKSKҫQYLWDPLQFKӫ \ӃXWURQJ JҥRFiFYLWDPLQQKyP%YjKLӋQGLӋQWURQJJҥROӭF QKLӅXKѫQ WURQJJҥRWUҳQJ.KRҧQJ WKLDPLQWURQJKҥWJҥROjӣFiFOӟSYӓFiPWURQJSK{LYjFKӍWURQJQӝL QKǊ0DQIXOHWDO

%ҧQJ+jPOѭӧQJ YLWDPLQWURQJJҥROӭFPJJ

Thành phҫQ GҥR OӭF GҥR xát WUҳng Cám JҥR Phôi

Biotin 0,012 0,005 0,06 0,058 a (Watt và Merril) [35] Các sӕ liӋu còn lҥL (Kik) [18] b (Williams et al.) [38]

Khoáng

0ӝWEiRFiR1RUPDQGHWDOFKRWKҩ\WәQJKjPOѭӧQJWURFǊQJQKѭKjPOѭӧQJ FӫDWӯQJFKҩWNKRiQJӣFiFOӟSQJRjLFQJFӫDKҥWJҥRÿm[iWWUҳQJFDRKѫQQKLӅXVR YӟLӣSKtDWURQJKҥW

%ҧQJ+jPOѭӧQJNKRiQJFӫDJҥRPJJ

Lipid

LiSLGWұSWUXQJFKӫ\ӃXWURQJFiPYjSK{L&iPWKѭѫQJPҥLFKӭD- 23,5% lipid 0F&DOOHWDO/XJD\Yj-XOLDQR*ҥR[iWWUҳQJFKӍFKӭD- 0,7% lipid

&zQJҥROӭF FKӭDNKRҧQJ- 2,5% lipid (David và Kohler, 1970).

%ҧng 2.8 Thành phҫQ acid béo cӫa lipid Wӯ JҥR (%)

Behenic 0,5 - 0,6 - 0,5 - 1,0 - - ĈӝәQÿӏQKFӫDOLSLGWӯJҥROjGRFiFFKҩWFKӕQJR[\KyDPjFKӫ\ӃXOj WRFRSKHURO7URQJPӝWQJKLrQFӭX+HUWLQJYj'UXU\FKRWKҩ\GҫXFiPJҥRWK{

FKӭDWәQJOѭӧQJWRFRSKHUROWURQJÿyOjĮ-WRFRSKHURO7URQJJҥRFǊQJ có FKӭDPӝWORҥLWRFRSKHUROOҥÿyOjȘ-WRFRSKHURO1JKLrQFӭX[DKѫQFKRWKҩ\FyVӵKLӋQGLӋQFӫDWRFROÿmÿѭӧFPHWK\OKyDYjORҥLWRFRWULHQROOLrQTXDQYjWӯÿy[iF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧF Ș-WRFRSKHURO FӫD OLSLG JҥR Oj -dimethyl tocotrienol (David và Kohler, 1970)

&iFFKҩWNK{QJ[jSKzQJKyDWURQJOLSLGJҥRFKLӃPNKRҧQJ- 5,7% (Mc Call et al, WURQJÿyFiFVWHUROFKLӃPWURQJWәQJVӕQj\3K\WRVWHUROVWLPDJVWHUROYj GLK\GURVLWRVWHUROÿӅXFyPһW'DYLGYj.RKOHU

Mӝt cup gҥo lӭc nҩu chín cung cҩp khoҧng 230 calories, 3,5 gram chҩW[ѫ gram chҩWÿҥm, 50 gram carbohydrate và các chҩt sinh tӕ Vitamin B 6, Thiamin B 1, Riboflavin B 2, Niacin B 3, Folacin, Vitamin E, cùng các chҩt khoáng khác

*$%$OjPӝWDPLQR DFLGNK{QJWKDPJLDWәQJKӧSSURWHLQÿѭӧFWҥRWKjQKFKӫ

\ӃXWӯTXiWUuQKĮ-decarboxyl hóa L-DFLGJOXWDPLFGѭӟLVӵ[~FWiFFӫD enzym glutamate decarboxylase.

*ҫQÿk\QJj\FjQJFyQKLӅXVӵTXDQWkPÿӃQYLӋFVӱGөQJ*$%$QKѭOjPӝW WKjQKSKҫQFyKRҥWWtQKVLQKKӑFWURQJWKӵFYұW0ӝWYjLEҵQJFKӭQJFKRWKҩ\GӏFK WUtFKWӯWKӵFYұWFKӭDKjPOѭӧQJFDR*$%$UҩWKLӋXTXҧWURQJYLӋFÿLӅXFKӍQKKX\ӃW iS2PRULHWDO1DNDJDZDYj2QRWDYjSKөFKӗLFiFWULӋXFKӭQJFyOLrQ TXDQÿӃQUѭӧX (Nakagawa và Onota, 1996; Oh và Cha, 2001)

Ngày nay, tuy cuӝc sӕQJNKiKѫQQKѭQJPӝt sӕ QJѭӡi vүn mҳc chӭng bӋnh này và viӋFăQJҥo lӭc muӕi mè" trӣ WKjQKWUjROѭXFKӳa bӋQKĂQJҥo lӭc WKѭӡng xuyên giúp FѫWKӇ dҿo dai, gân cӕt cӭng cáp, hoҥWEiWÿӥ ÿDXQKӭF[ѭѫQJNKӟp Ӣ nhӳQJQJѭӡi bӏ thӯa cân (béo phì), nӃu dùng gҥo lӭc lâu dài sӁ giҧPFkQYjFǊQJJLiQWLӃSWUiQKÿѭӧc bӋnh tiӇXÿѭӡQJWêS,,7KHRFiFFKX\rQJLDGLQKGѭӥng, gҥo lӭc muӕi vӯng có tác dөng phòng ngӯa, chӳa bӋQK XQJ WKѭ Yj Pӝt sӕ bӋQK NKiF Oj Fy Fѫ Vӣ Gҥo lӭc có nhiӅu vitamin, chҩW[ѫKѫQVRYӟi gҥo xát trҳng Mè có thành phҫn chӫ yӃu là chҩt béo NK{QJQRYjOѭӧng lӟn Ca Tuy nhiên nӃu chӍ ăQJҥo lӭc vӟi muӕi mè thì chӃ ÿӝ ăQ sӁ thiӃu mӝt sӕ chҩWGLQKGѭӥng cҫn thiӃWFKRFѫWKӇ QKѭFKҩWÿҥPÿһc biӋt là lyzin là acid amin rҩt cҫn cho sӵ WăQJWUѭӣng cӫa trҿ nhӓ), vitamin B12 cҫn cho sӵ tҥo thành tӃ

EjRPiXYjNK{QJÿҧm bҧo nhu cҫu vitamin (beta-caroten, vitamin C) và khoáng chҩt ( sҳt , kӁm)

&ѫPOӭc ÿұXÿӓ: TӕWFKRQJѭӡi yӃu thұn, tiӇXÿѭӡng, bӋQKFѫTXDQVLQKGөc, bӏ thú vұt hoһFF{QWUQJÿӝc cҳn chích

Trà gҥo lӭcÿѭӧc sӱ dөQJQKѭPӝt thӭc uӕQJWKD\FKRQѭӟc cӫQJÿѭӧc sӱ dөng rҩt phә biӃn

ChҩWGLQKGѭӥng trong mҫm gҥo lӭc: GiiRVѭWLӃQVƭ+LURVKL.D\DKDUDJLiRVѭ khoa sinh hӑc và kӻ thuұt sinh hӑc tҥi viӋQÿҥi hӑc Shinshu University ӣ 1DJDQRÿm viӃt "Các enzyme ngͯ trong h̩t g̩o ͧ tr̩ng thái n̫y m̯Pÿ˱ͫc kích thích ho̩Wÿ͡ng và cung c̭p t͙LÿDFiFFK̭WGLQKG˱ͩng " Theo giiRVѭ Kayahara "M̯m g̩o lͱc chͱa nhi͉u ch̭W[˯YLWDPLQYjFK̭WNKRiQJK˯QOjJ̩o lͱc FK˱DQJkPQ˱ͣc" Gҥo lӭc ÿm QJkP Qѭӟc chӭa gҩp ba lҫn chҩt lysine, mӝt loҥi amino acid cҫn thiӃt cho sӵ WăQJ WUѭӣng và bҧo trì các mô tӃ EjR FѫWKӇ FRQ QJѭӡi, và chӭD Pѭӡi lҫn nhiӅXKѫQFKҩt gamma-aminobutyric acid, mӝt chҩt acid tӕt bҧo vӋ bӝ phұn thұn (kidneys) Chҩt dҫu trong vӓ bӑc ngoài cӫa gҥo lӭc có tác dөng giҧm cholesterol trong máu, mӝt yӃu tӕ quan trӑng gây nên bӋnh tim mҥch, tiӇXÿѭӡQJĈyOjNӃt quҧ nghiên cӭu cӫa nhóm ông tҥi Hӝi nghӏ Hóa hӑc Quӕc tӃ "The 2000 International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies" ӣ Hawaii vào cuӕLQăPYӯa qua

7URQJ QKӳQJ QăP JҫQ ÿk\ FjQJ O~F FRQ QJѭӡL FjQJ KLӇX U} KѫQ YӅ WiF GөQJ FӫD PҫPKҥWÿӃQVӭFNKӓH YjEӋQKWұWFӫDFRQQJѭӡL9ӅPһW\KӑFYjGLQKGѭӥQJPҫP KҥWFyPӝWOӏFKVӱNKiGjLWURQJFKXӛLWKӵFSKҭPFӫDFRQQJѭӡL3ULFH9XD 1HEXFKDGQH]]DUFӫD%DE\ORQ-7&1FKӍăQPҫPQJǊFӕFWURQJEҧ\QăPYj WX\rQEӕUҵQJVӵViQJVXӕWYjPLQKPүQFӫDPuQKÿѭӧFNK{LSKөFWURQJWKӡLJLDQQj\

JL~S{QJFDLWUӏWLӃSYѭѫQJTXӕF9jRQKӳQJQăPFiFWKӫ\WKӫPҳFEӋQKVFRUEXW GRWKLӃXYLWDPLQ&YjSKҧLFKӏXWKѭѫQJYRQJQһQJWURQJVXӕWFKX\ӃQÿLKDLÿӃQEDQăP7ӯQăP- WKX\ӅQWUѭӣQJ-DPHV&RRNFKRFiFWKӫ\WKӫăQÿұXFKDQK YjFiFORҥLPҫPKҥWJLjXYLWDPLQ&FӝQJWKrPFiFORҥLUDXTXҧWѭѫLNKiF7ӯÿyYLӋF ăQPҫPKҥWÿѭӧFWLQOjVӁJLҧLTX\ӃWÿѭӧFFiFYҩQÿӅFӫDEӋQKVFRUEXWYjGRÿyFǊQJ JLҧLTX\ӃWÿѭӧFWuQKWUҥQJWKѭѫQJYRQJQKLӅXQKҩWFӫDFiFWKӫ\WKӫ6HLEROG

4XiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP[ҧ\UDWURQJKҥWQJǊFӕFNKLPjÿӝҭPFӫDOӟSDOHXURQNtFKWKtFK FiFWӃEjRWLӃWUDFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQQKѭDP\ODVHSURWHDVHSK\WDVHYj ribonuclease (EXJHQH +ҥW O~D NKL FKtQ Yj ÿm Vҩ\ NK{ Fy KjP ҭP WUXQJ EuQK NKRҧQJ 13 - ӢÿLӅXNLӋQQj\QyFyKRҥWWtQKWUDRÿәLFKҩWUҩWWKҩS7X\QKLrQNKL EӏҭPFK~QJVӁEҳWÿҫXQҭ\PҫP %DORҥLP{VӕQJOjSK{LYҧ\QKӓYjOӟSDOHXURQ ÿyQJYDLWUzTXDQ WUӑQJWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP7URQJTXiWUuQKQj\KҥWK~W QѭӟFQKDQKFiFHQ]\PÿѭӧFKRҥWKyDWӕFÿӝK{KҩSWăQJQKDQKEҳWÿҫXVӱGөQJ các FKҩWGӵWUӳYj[XҩWKLӋQUӉ PҫP4XiWUuQKQj\ÿѭӧFJӑLOjVӵQҭ\PҫP.LQJ 6ZLIWYj2ả%ULHQ2)

&iFKRҥWÿӝQJGLӉQUDWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPFyWKӇFKLDOjPED JLDLÿRҥQK~WҭPSKDODJYjQҭ\PҫP*LDLÿRҥQÿҫXWLrQOjVӵGLFKX\ӇQFӫDQѭӟF [X\rQTXDKҥW6ӵKҩSWKXQѭӟFFӫDKҥWNKiQKDQKYuKҥWÿDQJNK{FiFP{ÿҥWÿӃQ- 5ҭPWURQJPӝWÿӃQKDLQJj\7LӃSWKHRKҥWWLӃQWӟLSKDVHODJO~FÿyKҥWWUѭѫQJQӣ YjWUӣQrQQһQJKѫQYjTXiWUuQKWUDRÿәLFKҩWEҳWÿҫXKRҥWÿӝQJ1ӃXQKѭWҩWFҧFiF ÿLӅX NLӋQ P{L WUѭӡQJ WKtFK KӧS WKu KҥW VӁ EѭӟF YjR JLDL ÿRҥQ Qҭ\ PҫP (Simon, 7URQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPSK{LOҩ\FiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJWURQJQӝL QKǊWK{QJTXDOӟSELӇXP{ÿӇSKiWWULӇQ9LӋFWLӃS[~FYӟLҭPOjPKRҥWKyDFiFHQ]\P NKӣL [ѭӟQJ TXi WUuQK Qҭ\ PҫP 7LQK EӝW ӣ QKӳQJ YQJ OkQ FұQ FӫD SK{L ÿѭӧF WKӫ\ phân thành các ÿѭӡQJÿѫQJLҧQEӣLFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQWLQKEӝWYjÿѭӡQJÿѭӧFVӱGөQJÿӇQX{LGѭӥQJSK{L1JRjLKRҥWWtQKFӫDFiFHQ]\PQj\KRUPRQFǊQJWiF ÿӝQJÿӃQTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPEҵQJFiFKҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQVӵWҥRWKjQK Į-amylase trong QӝLQKǊ3RVQHUYj Hibbs, 7URQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPYҧ\QKӓFyFKӭFQăQJQKѭOjPӝWFѫTXDQWLrXKyDYjKҩSWKXÿӇFKX\ӇQWKӭFăQWӯQӝLQKǊ ÿӃQSK{LÿDQJSKiWWULӇQ (MacMaster et al., 1971)

7LӃS xúc ҭP Di FKX\ӇQ nѭӟF vào trong KҥW

Sinh ra các enzym (Į-amylase, protease)

Huy ÿӝQJ các FKҩW Gӵ WUӳ (protein và tinh EӝW

Hình 2.3: Chuӛi các hoҥW ÿӝng trong mҫP hҥW (Mares, 1989)

Các bѭӟF thӵc KLӋQ quá trình Qҭ\ mҫm 1JX\ӉQ 7ҩQ VLӋQ 1992)

0өFÿtFKFKtQKOjWҥRÿӝҭPWKtFKKӧSFKRKҥWQҭ\PҫP7URQJKҥWNK{FKӍFyVҹQ PӝWOѭӧQJQѭӟFQKҩWÿӏQKFKӫ\ӃXӣGҥQJQѭӟFOLrQNӃWQrQWDFҫQFXQJFҩSWKrPQѭӟF FKRKҥW/ѭӧQJQѭӟFQj\VӁKzDWDQQKӳQJFKҩWGӵWUӳÿӇFK~QJFKX\ӇQWӯWUҥQJWKiL

\rQQJKƭVDQJWUҥQJWKiLKRҥWÿӝQJQX{LPҫPSKiWWULӇQ1ѭӟFWKҭPWKҩXYjRKҥWTXD OӟSYӓFiPYjSK{LYjRQӝLQKǊӢSK{LÿӝK~WQѭӟF[ҧ\UD PҥQKQKҩW7ӕFÿӝK~W QѭӟFFӫDKҥWSKөWKXӝFYjRFҩXWҥRFiFӕQJPDRGүQWKjQKSKҫQKyDKӑFYjFiFFKҩW NHRKiRQѭӟFFyWURQJKҥW7ӕFÿӝQj\PҥQKQKҩWӣWKӡLJLDQÿҫXGRiSVXҩWWKҭPWKҩX JLӳDFiFWӃEjRUҩWOӟQYjNKҧQăQJWUѭѫQJQӣFӫDFiFFKҩWNHRKiRQѭӟFO~FQj\UҩW PҥQK&jQJYӅVDXNKҧQăQJQj\FjQJJLҧP'RÿyÿӇÿҧPEҧRÿѭӧFFiFWtQKFKҩWFy OӧLFӫDKҥWWKHR\rXFҫXPRQJPXӕQFҫQÿLӅXNKLӇQTXiWUuQKQJkPWKtFKKӧS

&iF\͇XW͙̫QKK˱ͧQJÿ͇QFK͇ÿ͡ ngâm

- 1KLӋWÿӝQѭӟFQJkP1JѭӡLWDWKѭӡQJFKLDUDFiFFKӃÿӝQJkPQKѭVDX

1JkPOҥQKQKLӋWÿӝ 0 C 1JkPEuQKWKѭӡQJQKLӋWÿӝ - 20 0 C 1JkPҩPQKLӋWÿӝ- 30 0 C

1JkPQyQJQKLӋWÿӝ! 0 C 7K{QJ WKѭӡQJ QJѭӡL WD QJkP EuQK WKѭӡQJ KD\ QJkP ҩP ӣ QKLӋW ÿӝ WKҩS KѫQ 10 0 C PҫPSKiWWULӇQ\ӃXFzQӣQKLӋWÿӝTXiFDRPҫPEӏFKӃW

- 7KӡLJLDQQJkP'REҧQWKkQKҥWNK{QJWӵÿLӅXFKӍQKÿѭӧFOѭӧQJQѭӟFFҫQWKLӃWQrQ WDFҫQNKӕQJFKӃWKӡLJLDQQJkPWӕLѭXQӃXQJkPFKѭDÿӫҭPFҫQWKLӃWFiFFKҩWGӵ WUӳtWKzDWDQPҫPVӁWKLӃXGLQKGѭӥQJQrQSKiWWULӇQNpPKRҥWWtQKFӫD HQ]\PVӁ\ӃX1JѭӧFOҥLQӃXQJkPTXiOkXQѭӟFVӁSKiKӫ\FҩXWU~FKҥW

- 6ӵWK{QJNKt.KLQJkPKҥWK{KҩSFѭӡQJÿӝK{KҩSWKD\ÿәLWKHRQKLӋWÿӝYjÿӝҭP KҥWGRÿyOѭӧQJ2FҫQWKLӃWYj&2WKRiWUDVӁWKD\ÿәLWKHRWKӡLJLDQQJkP7ӹOӋ QѭӟFKҥWNKRҧQJOҫQWURQJWKӡLJLDQQJkPFҫQWLӃQKjQKWK{QJNKtEҵQJFiFKWKD\ ÿәLQѭӟFWKѭӡQJ[X\rQÿӇFXQJFҩSR[\FKRKҥW - &iF\ӃXWӕNKiF

tFKWKѭӟFKҥWKҥW OӟQK~WQѭӟF FKұP KѫQKҥW Ep GRÿyWDFҫQFKӑQ KҥWFyNtFK WKѭӟFWѭѫQJÿӕLÿӗQJÿӅXÿӇWUiQKVӵNK{QJÿӗQJÿӅXFӫDNKӕLKҥW

1ѭӟF GQJ QJkP KҥW FǊQJ ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ TXi WUuQK QJkP SKҧL GQJ QѭӟF VҥFK NK{QJFKӭDWҥSFKҩWKӳXFѫYjYLVLQKYұW

7KӡLJLDQӫKҥWQҭ\PҫPJӗPJLDLÿRҥQ - *LDLÿRҥQQJj\KҥWEҳWÿҫXQҭ\PҫP[XҩWKLӋQUӇPҫP

- *LDL ÿRҥQ QJj\ PҫP Yj UӇ PҫP SKiW WULӇQ PҥQK ÿӗQJ WKӡL QKLӋW ÿӝ WăQJ QKDQKK{KҩSPҥQK

- *LDLÿRҥQTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPSKiWWULӇQFKұPGҫQQKLӋWÿӝWăQJFKұP

2.2.3 &iF\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP D.KҧQăQJVӕQJFӫDKҥW

4XiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPYjSKiWWULӇQFӫDKҥWPҫPFyWKӇÿѭӧF[HPOjJӗPPӝWVӕ EѭӟFOLrQWLӃSQKDXOjPFKRKҥWFyÿӝҭPNKiWKҩSWăQJGҫQKRҥWWtQKWUDRÿәLFKҩWYj WӯÿyGүQÿӃQKuQKWKjQKPҫPWӯSK{L+ҥWFyWKӇJLӳÿѭӧFNKҧQăQJVӕQJQj\WURQJ PӝWWKӡLJLDQGjLWӯNKLFK~QJEҳWÿҫXFKӕQJFKӑLYӟLFiFÿLӅXNLӋQ NKҳFQJKLӋWErQ QJRjL.KҧQăQJVӕQJFӫDKҥWÿѭӧFJLӳOҥLWӕWQKҩWOjӣFiFÿLӅXNLӋQWӗQWUӳPjJL~S FKRKRҥWWtQKWUDRÿәLFKҩWFӫDKҥWGLӉQUDFKұPQKѭQKLӋWÿӝWKҩSÿӝҭPWKҩSYjQӗQJ ÿӝ&2FDR.ODXV

*LDLÿRҥQÿҫXWLrQ[ҧ\UDWURQJTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPOjVӵKҩSWKXQѭӟFFӫDKҥW PjFKӫ\ӃXEӏҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLNKҧQăQJWKҭPWKҩXFӫDOӟSYӓKҥW7X\QKLrQthành SKҫQ FӫD KҥWKjPOѭӧQJQѭӟFQJkPFǊQJ QKѭQӗQJÿӝFiF FKҩW KzD WDQWURQJGXQJ GӏFKFǊQJҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQNKҧQăQJKҩSWKX7X\QKLrQTXiWUuQKKҩSWKXQj\NK{QJ OLrQTXDQÿӃQNKҧQăQJVӕQJFӫDKҥWQy[ҧ\UDӣFҧKҥWFzQVӕQJYjKҥWÿmFKӃW6ӵKҩS WKXQѭӟFGүQÿӃQOjPWăQJÿiQJNӇiSVXҩWÿLӅXQj\UҩWTXDQWUӑQJWURQJTXiWUuQKQҭ\

PҫPYjSKiWWULӇQFӫDPҫPKҥWEӣLYuQyJL~SOjPQӭWYӥOӟSYӓKҥW.KҧQăQJKҩSWKX QѭӟFFӫDKҥWVӁJLҧPNKLQӗQJÿӝFiFFKҩWKzDWDQWURQJGXQJGӏFKQJkPWăQJOrQGR WiFGөQJWKҭPWKҩX.ODXV7KjQKSKҫQFKӫ\ӃXKҩSWKXQѭӟFOjSURWHLQ3URWHLQ PDQJFҧKDLÿLӋQWtFKkP-YjGѭѫQJQrQGӉGjQJK~WFiFSKkQWӱQѭӟFSKkQFӵF PҥQK1JѭӧFOҥLWLQKEӝWFyiLOӵFUҩW\ӃXYӟLQѭӟFWURQJNKLOLSLGKRjQWRjQNK{QJFó iLOӵFYӟLQѭӟF

1ҭ\PҫPOjPӝWTXiWUuQKSKӭFWҥSJӗPQKLӅXSKҧQӭQJYjJLDLÿRҥQPjPӛLSKҧQӭQJYjJLDLÿRҥQQj\ÿӅXEӏҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLQKLӋWÿӝ1KLӋWÿӝPjNKLÿyKҥWEҳW ÿҫX Qҭ\ PҫP NKiF QKDX W\ WKHR JLӕQJ QJXӗQ JӕF KҥW Yj Fҧ WXәL FӫD KҥW 7K{QJWKѭӡQJQJѭӡLWDWKѭӡQJGQJNKiLQLӋPQKLӋWÿӝWӕLѭXQKLӋWÿӝWӕLWKLӇXYjQKLӋWÿӝWӕLÿD 1KLӋWÿӝWӕLѭXOjQKLӋWÿӝPjNKLÿySKҫQWUăPQҭ\PҫPÿҥWÿѭӧFFDRQKҩW

WURQJWKӡLJLDQQJҳQQKҩW1KLӋWÿӝWӕLÿDOjQKLӋWÿӝPjNKLÿyTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPGLӉQ UDFKұPQKѭQJFKѭDGӯQJOҥLӢQKLӋWÿӝTXiWKҩSKRһFTXiFDRWKuTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP FӫDKҥWVӁEӏQJăQFKһQĈӕLYӟLJҥRQKLӋWÿӝWӕLWKLӇXOj± 12 0 &QKLӋWÿӝWӕLѭXOj

4XiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPEӏҧQKKѭӣQJEӣLWKjQKSKҫQNK{QJNKt[XQJTXDQK+ҫX KӃWKҥWQҭ\PҫPWURQJP{LWUѭӡQJNK{QJNKtFKӭD2 và 0,03% CO2 - ÿk\Oj ÿLӅXNLӋQEuQKWKѭӡQJFӫDNKtTX\ӇQ7X\QKLrQKҥWVӁQҭ\PҫPPҥQKKѫQNKLQӗQJ ÿӝR[\WăQJWUrQPӭFEӣLYuTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPÿzLKӓLSKҧLVӱGөQJQăQJOѭӧQJ YjKҫXKӃWFiFTXiWUuQKFҫQQăQJOѭӧQJWKѭӡQJOjFiFTXiWUuQK R[\KyD1JѭӧFOҥL

&2ӭFFKӃTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP+ҫXKӃWKҥWNK{QJQҭ\PҫPÿѭӧFNKLQӗQJÿӝ&2 WăQJTXiFDR.ODXV e) Ánh sáng

7URQJTXiWUuQKӫPҫPQJѭӡLWDFǊQJKҥQFKӃiQKViQJYuiQKViQJOjPWăQJ KRҥWÿӝQJFӫDGLӋSOөFWӕSKiWWULӇQWKkQOiOjPKDRWәQFKҩWNK{YjOjPJLҧPKRҥW ÿӝQJFӫDHQ]\P1JX\ӉQ7ҩQ9LӋQ

1KLӅXKӧSFKҩWKyDKӑFFyWtQKÿӝFÿӕLYӟLFѫWKӇVӕQJӣQӗQJÿӝFDRFyWKӇӭF FKӃTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP6ӵӭFFKӃQҭ\PҫPFǊQJFyWKӇGRFiFKӧSFKҩWFDQWKLӋSYjR FRQÿѭӡQJFKX\ӇQKyDQjRÿyWURQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP7KXӕFGLӋWFӓYjWKXӕF GLӋWF{QWUQJFyWKӇFyWiFGөQJQj\FǊQJQKѭFiFKyDFKҩWGQJÿӇEҧRTXҧQKҥW'R ÿyQrQGQJORҥLKҥWNK{QJTXD[ӱOêÿӇWKӵFKLӋQQҭ\PҫP.ODXV, 1980)

2.2.4 1KӳQJELӃQÿәL[ҧ\UDWURQJKҥWNKLQҭ\PҫP a) Quá trình sinh lý

+ҥWQҭ\PҫPWLӃSWөFK{KҩSÿӇGX\WUuVӵVӕQJ4XiWUuQKK{KҩSWăQJPҥQK KѫQVRYӟLKҥWNKLFKѭDQJkPQѭӟFQKXFҫXR[\WăQJOrQSKҫQOӟQOѭӧQJR[\ÿӇR[\

KyDFiFFKҩWGӵWUӳWҥRUDQăQJOѭӧQJFҫQWKLӃWFKRFiFKӋHQ]\PKRҥWÿӝQJĈӗQJWKӡLGLӉQUDVӵWәQJKӧSFiFFKҩWFҫQWKLӃWFKRPҫPSKiWWULӇQ1JX\ӉQ7ҩQ9LӋQ b) Quá trình sinh hóa

7URQJJLDLÿRҥQQҭ\PҫPGLӉQUDTXiWUuQKKRҥWÿӝQJPҥQKFӫDFiFHQ]\PTXi WUuQKWKӫ\SKkQFiFFKҩWFDRSKkQWӱSKӭFWҥSWKjQKFiFFKҩWÿѫQJLҧQYjTXiWUuQKWәQJ KӧSFiFFKҩWPӟL1JX\ӉQ7ҩQ9LӋQ

4XiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPFӫDFiFKҥWQJǊFӕFFKѭDQJӯQJKRҥWÿӝQJNKӣLÿҫXEҵQJVӵ KҩSWKXQѭӟFYjKRjQWKjQKNKLKLӋQOrQFiFUӇYjFKӗL)LQFKHU 6DXNKLKҩS WKXQѭӟFFiFKRUPRQWLӃWUDWӯSK{LOjQJX\rQQKkQGүQÿӃQVӵWәQJKӧSFiFHQ]\P WKӫ\SKkQYjQKӳQJHQ]\PNKiF$FLGJLEEHUHOOLFDFLGDEVFLVLFDX[LQYjF\WRNLQLQOj các horPRQ VLQK UD WURQJ TXi WUuQK SKiW WULӇQ Yj Qҭ\ PҫP FӫD KҥW $FLG JLEEHUHOLF ÿѭӧFWҥRUDӣSK{LNKXӃFKWiQYjRWURQJOӟSDOHXURQYjJk\QrQVӵWәQJKӧSYjWLӃWUD FiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQ*$FǊQJÿѭӧFWLӃWUDWK{QJTXDYҧ\QKӓYjRWURQJQӝLQKǊ$FLG DEVFLVLFÿyQJYDLWUzÿLӅXKzDWURQJTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP&\WRNLQLQNK{QJWKDPJLDYjR JLDLÿRҥQÿҫXQҭ\PҫPQKѭQJFyOӁFK~QJFҫQWKLӃWFKRVӵSKiWWULӇQFӫDFiFWӃEjR WURQJSK{L$X[LQҧQKKѭӣQJÿӃQYҧ\QKӓ+LFUDQ.RF

Acid gibberellic (GA) 6ӵKRҥWKyDFiFHQ]\PWURQJOӟSDOHXURQÿѭӧFNtFKWKtFK EӣL*$*$ÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWURQJFiFWKjQKSKҫQFӫDSK{LYjWURQJYҧ\QKӓ(XJHQH

*$WLӃWUDWӯSK{LWURQJVXӕWJLDLÿRҥQÿҫXFӫDTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫPNKXӃFKWiQYjRWURQJOӟSDOHXURQWK~Fÿҭ\VӵKX\ÿӝQJFӫDFiFFKҩWGӵWUӳYjVӵWәQJKӧSYjWLӃWUDFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQ)LQFKHU*$WK~Fÿҭ\VӵSKkQFKLDWӃEjREӣLYuQyNtFKWKtFKFiFWӃEjRӣJLDLÿRҥQ ³QJKƭ´WURQJTXiWUuQKSKkQEjREѭӟFYjR JLDL ÿRҥQ WәQJ KӧS Yj FK~QJ FǊQJ OjP U~W QJҳQ JLDL ÿRҥQ WәQJ KӧS 3KRVSKR WiFK UD WӯHVWHULQRVLWROSKRVSKDWHÿѭӧFGQJÿӇWәQJKӧSFiFQKyPSKRVSKDWHFyQăQJOѭӧQJFDRÿiQJFK~êOjDGHQRVLQGLSKRVSKDWH$'3(XJHQH *$NtFKWKtFKVӵWLӃWUDFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQWLQKEӝWSURWHLQSK\WDWH51$YjPӝWVӕYұWFKҩWWURQJWKjQKWӃEjR0ӝWVӕHQ]\PFҫQWKLӃWFKRTXiWUuQKWLrXKyDEDRJӗPȕ-DP\ODVHÿmFyVҹQWURQJKҥWPӝWYjLGҥQJÿӗQJSKkQĮ-DP\ODVHÿѭӧFWәQJKӧSWURQJOӟSDOHXURQ các ribonuclease, phytase và các protease khác nhaXPӝWVӕQj\YӯDPӟLÿѭӧFWәQJ

KӧS NKL Qҭ\ PҫP 6DOLVEXU\ Yj 5RVV &iF QKj QJKLrQ FӭX ÿm WLӃQ KjQK ORҥL SK{LUDNKӓLKҥWÿҥLPҥFKÿDQJQҭ\PҫPYjQKұQWKҩ\UҵQJOӟSDOHXURQNK{QJWKӇVҧQ VLQKUDFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQÿһFELӋWOjĮ-DP\ODVHĈLӅXQj\ FKRWKҩ\OjSK{LFXQJFҩS PӝWVӕFKҩWNtFKWKtFKFKROӟSDOHXURQYjOӟSDOHXURQQj\OҫQOѭӧWNtFKWKtFKYLӋFVҧQ VLQKUDFiFHQ]\PWKӫ\SKkQ7iFQKkQNtFKWKtFKQj\FKtQKOj*$(XJHQH

9ӏWUtWәQJKӧS*$WURQJKҥWÿDQJQҭ\PҫPYүQFKѭDÿѭӧFFKӭQJPLQKPӝW FiFKWKX\ӃWSKөFÿLӅXQj\Jk\KҥQFKӃFKRVӵWuPKLӇXYӅVLQKOêFӫDTXiWUuQKQҭ\

7URQJQKӳQJWKұSNӹTXDWӯQKӳQJTXDQViWEDQÿҫXÿmFKRWKҩ\ҧQKKѭӣQJFӫD

*$QJRҥLVLQKÿӃQTXiWUuQKVDRFKpSGӏFKPmYjWLӃWUDHQ]\P WURQJFiFOӟSDOHXURQ ÿmWiFKUD-DFREVHQYj&KDQGOHUQKѭQJUҩWtWQJKLrQFӭX[iFÿӏQKFѫFKӃSKkQ WӱFӫDKRҥWÿӝQJÿy

7URQJVXӕWTXiWUuQKSKiWWULӇQFӫDKҥW$%$WtFKOǊ\WURQJSK{LYjQӝLQKǊYjÿyQJYDL WUzTXDQWUӑQJWURQJYLӋFÿLӅXNKLӇQTXiFKtQFӫDSK{LYjQJăQQJӯDVӵQҭ\PҫPVӟP FӫD KҥW ÿm WUѭӣQJ WKjQK YӅ KuQK WKiL QKѭQJ YүQ FKѭD FKtQ LQJ 4XDWUDQRҦQKKѭӣQJFӫD$%$WURQJKҥWFKѭDFKtQJҩSKDLOҫQĈҫX WLrQKRUPRQQJăQFKһQVӵELӇXKLӋQFӫDFiFJHQ³ÿһFWUѭQJFKRTXiWUuQKQҭ\PҫP´

FөWKӇOjFiFJHQQj\VӁÿѭӧFELӇXKLӋQNKLFyPһW*$ÿLӅXQj\JL~SQJăQFKһQÿѭӧF VӵQҭ\ PҫPVӟP7KӭKDL$%$WK~Fÿҭ\VӵELӇXKLӋQFӫD FiF JHQ³OjPSKiWVLQK´

SK{LPӝWVӕFK~QJFyOӁOjFҫQWKLӃWFKRVӵFKtQFӫDSK{L:LOOLDPVRQYj4XDWUDQR 1988)

&iFHQ]\POjWKjQKSKҫQVLQKKyDTXDQWUӑQJQKҩWKuQKWKjQKWURQJTXiWUuQKQҭ\

ĈѭӡQJ,VRPDOW

ҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDWKӡLJLDQKҩSÿӃQKjPOѭӧQJYLWDPLQ

7KӡLJLDQKҩS JLӡ K{QJKҩS +ҩS phút +ҩSSK~W +ҩSSK~W +ҩS phút

Hình 4.9: 6ӵWKD\ÿәLYLWDPLQ%WKHRWKӡLJLDQKҩS

9LWDPLQ%WѭѫQJÿӕLEӅQYӟLQKLӋWYjJҫQQKѭWKD\ÿәLUҩWtWWURQJTXiWUuQKKҩS 7X\ QKLrQWKӡLJLDQKҩS NpR GjLSK~WWUӣÿLWKLKjPOѭӧQJYLWDPLQ%JLҧP ÿL VRYӟLPүXEDQÿҫX

%ҧQJ26ӵWKD\ÿәLYLWDPLQ%WKHRWKӡLJLDQKҩS

Hình 4.10: 6ӵWKD\ÿәLYLWDPLQ%WKHRWKӡLJLDQKҩS

9LWDPLQ%OjYLWDPLQWDQWURQJQѭӟFYjNpPEӅQ5RQDOGet al, 2008), chúng

GӁEӏSKiKӫ\EӣLQKLӋW6WH%ODNH1Kѭ Yұ\WKӡLJLDQKҩSFjQJNpRGjLVӵWәQWKҩWB1FjQJQKLӅXKӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋP FӫDFK~QJW{LFKR WKҩ\ӣJLDLÿRҥQÿҫXWәQWKҩW vitamin B1NK{QJÿiQJNӇ Tuy nhiên, KҩSFjQJOkX WKuVӵWәQWKҩWcàng QKLӅX KҩSSK~WWUӣÿLYjNKiFELӋWKҷQYӟLPүXNK{QJKҩp 7URQJJҥROӭF9LDWPLQ%WұSWUXQJFKӫ\ӃXӣSK{LYjOӟSYӓFiPErQQJRjLQrQNKLQJkPYRJҥRUҩWGӉEӏWәQWKҩW6ӵSKkQKӫ\YLWDPLQFKӫ\ӃXOjGRVӵFҳWÿӭWFҫXQӕLPHWK\OHQHJLӳDQKyPSLULPLGLQYjQKyP WKLD]ROH Yj [D KѫQ Oj Vӵ SKi Kӫ\ QKyP WKLD]ROH JLҧL SKyQJ UD K\GUR VXQILWH(Ronald et al, 1KӡFyF{QJÿRҥQQj\PjYLWDPLQ%VӁtWWәQWKҩWKѫQWURQJTXiWUuQKYRJҥRYjQҩXFѫPVDXQj\9uNKLWKӵFKLӋQTXiWUuQKKҩSYLWDPLQ%GLFKX\ӇQGҫQYjRErQWURQJQKӡGzQJKѫLQѭӟFĈӗQJWKӡLOjPFKRKҥWJҥRWUӣQrQFKҳFKѫQGRVӵKӗKyDWLQKEӝWYjVӁKҥQFKӃÿѭӧFVӵNKXӃFKWiQYLWDPLQ%NKLQJkP0ӝWNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXFӫD3XGXDYj-XOLDQRFKRWKҩ\JҥRVDXNKL[D\NKӕLOѭӧQJFKӍFzQGѭӟLYLWDPLQ% VRYӟLJҥROӭFWK{EDQÿҫXJҥR[D\WӯJҥROӭFÿӗNKӕLOѭӧQJWKuJLӳOҥLÿѭӧFNKRҧQJPӝWQӱDYLWDPLQB1 EDQÿҫX

ҦQKKѭӣQJFӫDWKӡLJLDQKҩSÿӃQKjPOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱ

%ҧQJ36ӵWKD\ÿәLFӫDÿѭӡQJNKӱNKLKҩS

Hình 4.11: 6ӵWKD\ÿәLFӫDÿѭӡQJNKӱWKHRWKӡLJLDQ KҩS

4XDNӃWTXҧWKtQJKLӋPFKRWKҩ\PүXNK{QJKҩSKjPOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱQKLӅX KѫQUҩWQKLӅXVRYӟLPүXKҩS&iFPүXWKHRWKӡLJLDQKҩSOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱFǊQJJLҧP GҫQ1KѭQJJLҧPNK{QJÿiQJNӇ

7ӯFiFNӃWTXҧWUrQFK~QJW{LQKұQWKҩ\NKLWKӵFKLӋQTXiWUuQKKҩSӣQKLӋWÿӝ

100 0 &WURQJWKӡLJLDQSK~W Vӵ WәQWKҩWFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJ NK{QJÿiQJNӇYjWUiQK ÿѭӧFVӵWәQWKҩWNKLWKӵFKLӋQTXiWUuQKQJkPUӱDYjQҩXFѫPVDXQj\ KӃWTXҧNLӇPWUDVӵELӃQÿәLDFLGDPLQYLWDPLQ%%FKRWKҩ\ÿLӅXNLӋQKҩSӣ 0 &WKӡLJLDQKҩSảOjSKKӧSӢÿLӅXNLӋQQj\ FiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJtWEӏWKҩWWKúat ÿӗQJWKӡLKҥQFKӃ ÿѭӧFFiFPҫPPӕQJOk\QKLӉPWӯFiFOӑDLYLVLQKYұW5LrQJOѭӧQJ ÿѭӡQJNKӱVDX

SK~WKҩSJLҧP[XӕQJU}UӋW&K~QJW{LFKѭDWuPWKҩ\ WjLOLӋXQjR JLҧLWKtFKU}UjQJ YӅÿLӅXQj\ Tuy QKLrQPөFÿtFKÿӅWjLÿmQrXU}VҧQSKҭPÿӅtài là SKөFYөFiFÿӕL WѭѫQJÿiLWKiRÿѭӡQJ Do ÿyOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱJLҧPVӁNK{QJOjPҧQKKѭӣQJKLӋXTXҧ WiFGөQJFӫDVҧQSKҭP

*ҥR VDXNKLFKӑQ ÿѭӧFFKӃÿӝWӕLѭXWӯF{QJÿRҥQKҩSÿѭӧFUӱDVҥFKUӗLQҩX WURQJQӗLFѫPÿLӋQYӟLFiFWӹOӋJҥRQѭӟFNKiFQKDX6DXÿyFK~QJW{LWLӃQKjQKÿiQK JLi FҧP TXDQ ĈӕL WѭӧQJ Oj VLQK YLrQ ± KӑF VLQK WUѭӡQJ ĈҥL KӑF F{QJ QJKLӋS 7KӵF SKҭP7S+&06ӕOѭӧQJVLQKYLrQ.ӃWTXҧFKRWKҩ\

9 7ӹOӋJҥRQѭӟFOj1:1 thì 30/30 sinh viên QKұQÿӏQKFѫPFKtQNK{QJÿӅXKҥW FѫPUҩWFӭQJYjFzQKѫLVѭӧQJÿyOjGRNKҧQăQJK~WQѭӟFWUѭѫQJQӣFӫDKҥW FKѭDÿӫ9uYұ\VӵKӗKyDWLQKEӝWFKѭDWULӋWÿӇGүQÿӃQFѫPFzQVӕQJ Khó NKăQFKRTXiWUuQKFҩSÿ{QJYjVҩ\VDXQj\

9 7ӹOӋJҥRQѭӟFOj1:1,5 thì 25/VLQKYLrQQKұQÿӏQKFѫm chín FKѭDÿӅX KҥW FѫPÿmPӅPKѫQQKѭQJYүQFzQFӭQJ YjFzQKѫLVѭӧQJGRNKҧQăQJK~WQѭӟF WUѭѫQJQӣFӫDKҥWFKѭDÿӫ9uYұ\VӵKӗKyDWLQKEӝWFKѭDWULӋWÿӇGүQÿӃQFѫP FKѭDÿѭӧFPӅP

9 7ӹ OӋ JҥR QѭӟF Oà 1:2 thì 28 VLQK YLrQ QKұQ ÿӏQK FѫP FKtQ ÿӅX KҥW FѫP PӅPPjXVҳFFǊQJUҩWÿҽS

9 7ӹOӋJҥRQѭӟFOjWKuVLQKYLrQQKұQÿӏQKFѫPQKmRYjKҥWFѫPQiW

7ӯNӃWTXҧWUrQÿiQKJLiFҧPTXDQWUrQFKRWKҩ\WӹOӋJҥRQѭӟFOjFKӃÿӝ SKKӧSÿӇQҩXFѫP+ҥWFѫPPӅPGҿRWKXұQOӧLFKRTXiWUuQKFҩSÿ{QJYjVҩ\

WKăQJKRDVDXQj\ Ngoài raFK~QJW{LFӫQJNKҧRViWFKӃÿӝQҩXFѫP QӃXJҥRFKѭD TXDF{QJÿRҥQӫPҫPYjKҩSWKuWӹOӋJҥRQѭӟF KҥWFѫPUҩWFӭQJVѭӧQJ

+jPOѭӧQJҭPOjPӝW\ӃXWӕҧQKKѭӣQJTXDQWUӑQJÿӃQ TXiWUuQKEҧRTXҧQVDXQj\*ҥRVDXNKLÿѭӧFӫPҫPKҩSQҩXFѫPSKҧLWKuÿѭӧFVҩ\ ÿҧPEҧRÿӝҭPDQWRjQ

4XiWUuQKQj\OjPJLҧPKRҥWÿӝFӫDQѭӟFӭFFKӃVӵKRҥWÿӝQJFӫDvi VLQKYұW7X\

QKLrQGRVҧQSKҭPFyKjPOѭӧQJFKҩWGLQK GѭӥQJNKiFDR QrQ FK~QJ W{LWLӃQKjQK FKӑQSKѭѫQJSKiSVҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝWKҩS± 60 0 C ÿӇKҥQFKӃWӕLÿDVӵWKҩWWKRiWFiF FKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJ%rQFҥQKÿyVҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝWKҩSFzn KҥQFKӃFѭӡQJÿӝSKҧQӭQJ 0DLODLUGJLӳDÿѭӡQJNKӱYjDFLGDPLQĈӗQJWKӡLKҥQFKӃTXiWUuQKR[\KyDOLpid có WURQJVҧQSKҭP

.ӃWTXҧVӵWKD\ÿәLYӅKjPOѭӧQJYLWDPLQ%YLWDPLQ%YjDFLGDPLQÿѭӧF ELӇXGLӉQEҵQJFiFÿӗWKӏErQGѭӟL

Hình 4.13: 6ӵWKD\ÿәLvitamin B1 theo nhiӋWÿӝVҩ\

Hình 4.14: 6ӵWKD\ÿәLYLWDPLQ%WKHRQKLӋWÿӝVҩ\

4XDNӃWTXҧÿӗWKӏWUrQFKRWKҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝ-50 0 C WKuVӵWKD\ÿәLDFLGDPLQYLWDPLQ%YLWDPLQ%OjNK{QJÿiQJNӇ7X\QKLrQӣ 0 C WKuKjPOѭӧQJFiFFKҩWWUrQJLҧPÿiQJNӇDFLGDPLQJLҧPYLWDPLQ%JLҧP61,13%YLWDPLQ%JLҧP15,7 % VR YӟL PүX Vҩ\ ӣ 0 C 1Kѭ Yұ\ KjP OѭӧQJ DFLG DPLQ Yj YLWDPLQ % JLҧP ÿiQJNӇFzQYLWDPLQ%JLҧPNK{QJQKLӅX1ӃXWăQJQKLӋWÿӝOrQ 0 C WKuKjPOѭӧQJ FiFFKҩWFjQJJLҧPU}UӋW

1KѭYұ\ FK~QJW{LFKӑQQKLӋWÿӝVҩ\Oj 0 C WKuVӵWәQWKҩWFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJ OjNK{QJÿiQJNӇÿӗQJWKӡLÿҧPEҧRÿѭӧFWtQKFKҩWFҧPTXDQFӫDVҧQSKҭP ĈӇÿҥW ÿѭӧFÿӝҭP-WKuPҩWNKRҧQJ5-16 JLӡ

1JRjLUDFK~QJW{LFzQWKӱQJKLӋPVҩ\PүXFѫPEҵQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVҩ\WKăQJ KRD&ѫPÿѭӧFFҩSÿ{QJӣ -50 0 &iSVXҩW04 mm Bar6DXÿyÿѭӧFVҩ\WKăQJKRD YӟLÿӝҭP9ӅPһWFҧPTXDQWӕWKѫQVҩ\WKѭӡQJYjFKҳFFKҳQVӵWәQWKҩWFiF FKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJWURQJTXiWUuQKVҩ\FǊQJtWKѫQQKLӅX7X\QKLrn, WKHRQKұQÿӏQKFӫD chúng tôi thì SKѭѫQJSKiSQj\ÿzLKӓLPӭFFKLSKtFDR

6ҧQSKҭPFѫPVDXNKLVҩ\WKăQJKRDÿѭӧFQJKLӅQPӏQYjSKӕLWUӝQYӟLFiFWKjQK SKҫQÿѭӡQJ,VRPDOWYjFKҩW[ѫtan (FOS)

7UѭӟF WLrQ [iF ÿӏQK Wӹ OӋ SKӕL WUӝQ ÿѭӡQJ ,somalW EӝW JҥR VDX ÿy ÿHP SKD YjR QѭӟFҩPNKRҧQJ55-60 0 &YӟLWӹOӋEӝWJҥRQѭӟFOj (bӝWJҥRK~WÿӫQѭӟFYjViQK YӯD 6DXÿyWLӃQKjQKÿiQKJLiFҧPTXDQ ĈӕLWѭӧQJOjQJѭӡLEӏEӋQKWLӇXÿѭӡQJ ӃWTXҧÿiQKJLiQKѭVDX

9 7ӹOӋÿѭӡQJ IsomaltEӝWJҥROj1:1 thì 27QJѭӡLÿiQKJLisҧQSKҭPYӏKѫL QJӑW và không FKӑQPүXQj\

9 7ӹOӋÿѭӡQJ Isomalt : EӝWJҥROj: WKuQJѭӡLÿiQKJLisҧQSKҭPYӏ QJӑW YӯDYjKӑFKӑQPүXQj\

9 7ӹOӋÿѭӡQJ IsomaltEӝWJҥROj3 WKuQJѭӡLÿiQKJLiVҧQSKҭPYӏQJӑW ÿұP YjKӑNK{QJFKӑQVҧQSKҭPQj\

9 7ӹOӋÿѭӡQJ IsomaltEӝWJҥROj4: WKuQJѭӡLÿiQKJLiVҧQSKҭPYӏQJӑW JҳW YjKӑNK{QJFKӑQVҧQSKҭPQj\

7ӯNӃWTXҧWUrQ FK~QJW{LFKӑQWӹOӋSKӕLWUӝQÿѭӡQJ,VRPDOWEӝWJҥROj Thông WKѭӡQJFiFEӋQKQKkQEӏEӋQKWLӇXÿѭӡQJWkPOêUҩWVӧFiFFiFWKӭFăQYjÿӗXӕQJFyYӏQJӑWYuFK~QJFyQJX\FѫOjPWăQJÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWTuy nhiên, KӑOҥLUҩWPXӕQăQQJӑW ĈѭӡQJLVRPDOWYӯDÿiSӭQJQKXFҫXFKҩWQJӑWYӯDWUiQKT~DWUuQKWăQJÿѭӡQJKX\ӃW FKREӋQKQKkQWLӇXÿѭӡQJ

NKXFҫX KjQJ QJj\FӫD PӛLQJѭӡLFҫQ -JUDPFKҩW [ѫ1ӃX FKLDÿӅX FKR3 EӳDăQPӛLEӳDFҫQ-JUDPFKҩW[ѫWӯQJXӗQWKӭFăQ7KHRQJXӗQFӫDWәFKӭF)$2 WKuPӛLQJѭӡLNKLăQJUDPJҥROӭFVӁKҩSWKXÿѭӧFJUDPFKҩW[ѫTuy nhiên, ÿӕL YӟL QJѭӡL Eӏ EӋQK WLӇX ÿѭӡQJ WKu FҫQ QKLӅX [ѫ WDQ ÿӇ OjP FKұP TXi WUuQK WăQJ ÿѭӡQJKX\ӃW 9uYұ\, chúng W{LWLӃQKjQKSKӕLWUӝQ[ѫEӝWJҥROӭF theo WӹOӋ là 1:10 QJKƭDOjJDPEӝWJҥROӭFEәVXQJWKrPJUDPFKҩW[ѫ +jPOѭӧQJFKҩW[ѫFyҧQK KѭӣQJOӟQÿӃQYLӋFWăQJFKӍVӕÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWVDXNKLăQ FKӍVӕ*,- Glycemic Index)

+uQK7KDQJÿRFKӍVӕ*, ĈӕLYӟLQJѭӡLEӏ EӋQKWLӇXÿѭӡQJWKuWӕWQKҩW QrQVӱGөQJFiFORҥLWKӵFSKҭPFy FKӍ Vӕ*, ӣPӭFWKҩSKRһFPӭFWUXQJEuQK ĈӕL YӟL VҧQ SKҭP EӝW JҥR OӭF VDX NKL Qҧ\ PҫP Yj KҩS WKu FKӍ Vӕ *, Oj WKHRô 7X\ QKLrQ VҧQ SKҭP FӫD FK~QJ W{L Fy Eә VXQJ WKrP FKҩW [ѫ Yj ÿѭӡQJ ,VRPDOWWKuPӭFÿӝWăQJÿѭӡQJKX\ӃWVӁFKұPKѫQVҧQSKҭPNK{QJEәVXQgĈLӅXÿy ÿӗQJQJKƭDVӁOjPJLҧPFKӍVӕ*,

7ӯ NӃW TXҧ WUrQ EѭӟF ÿҫX Fy WKӇ NKҧQJ ÿӏQK Oj VҧQ SKҭP Qj\ Fy WKӇ Vӱ GөQJ ÿѭӧFFKRQJѭӡLEӏWLӇXÿѭӡQJ7X\QKLrQÿӇFyVӭFWKX\ӃWSKөFKѫQWKuFҫQNLӇPÿӏQK

FKtQK[iFFKӍVӕ*,FӫDVҧQSKҭP9LӋFNLӇPÿӏQKQj\ SKҧLÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKNLӇPÿӏQK OkPVjQJFҫQFyQKLӅXWKӡLJLDQKѫQ

4.7 .ӃWTXҧSKkQWtFKFiFWKjQKSKҫQFӫDVҧQSKҭP 6ҧQSKҭPEӝWJҥROӭF%ӝWJҥRFyPjXQkXQKҥW[ӕSPӏQFyNKҧQăQJK~WQѭӟFJҩS

OҫQ&iFFKӍWLrXNLӇPWUDFөWKӇQKѭVDX ĈӝҭP5,2%

Acid amin: 39,21 mgN Vitamin B1: 11,23 àg/g

7ӯFiFNӃWTXҧQJKLrQFӭXWUrQFK~QJW{LU~WUDPӝWVӕNӃWOXұQQKѭVDX

1- 0өFÿtFKVӱGөQJJҥROӭFOjKRjQWRjQÿ~QJÿҳQSKKӧSWUX\ӅQWKӕQJFǊQJQKѭ[X KѭӟQJGLQKGѭӥQJKLӋQÿҥL

2- Chúng W{LÿmVӱGөQJO~DOӭFFKRQҧ\PҫPVѫEӝ.ӃWTXҧÿmFKӑQÿѭӧFÿLӅXNLӋQ Qҧ\PҫPOj QJkPO~DJLӡWӹOӋO~DQѭӟFVDXÿyӫӣ QKLӋWÿӝ2 0 &QKLӋWÿӝ WӕLѭXWKHRQKLӅXWjLOLӋX WKӡLJLDQQҧ\PҫPOjJLӡӢÿLӅXNLӋQQj\ÿӕLYӟL QJX\rQOLӋXFөWKӇFӫDWKtQJKLӋPFK~QJW{LWKXÿѭӧFFiFNӃWTXҧhoàn toàn logic, hӧSTX\OXұWYjFKRNӃWTXҧWӕW

3- Lúa sau khi ӫPҫPÿѭӧFKҩSӣ 0 C WKӡLJLDQSK~Wgiúp FҧLWKLӋQÿѭӧFVӵWKҩW WKRiWFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJÿһFELӋWOjFiFYLWDPLQӣTXiWUuQKYRJҥRWUѭӟFNKLVӱ GөQJVDXQj\

4- *ҥRÿѭӧFQҩXFѫP YӟLWӹOӋJҥR QѭӟFOj WKuFѫPFKtQÿӅXPӅPGҿR

5- KL WKӵF KLӋQ Vҩ\ FѫP ӣ QKLӋW ÿӝ 0 C WKu Vӵ WәQ WKҩW FiF FKҩW GLQK GѭӥQJ DFLG DPLQYLWDPLQ%%OjNK{QJÿiQJNӇĈӇÿҥWÿѭӧFÿӝҭPan toàn WKuPҩWNKRҧQJ 15- 16 JLӡ

ĈӅQJKӏ

Do ÿLӅXNLӋQYjWKӡLJLDQWKӵFKLӋQÿӅWjLFyKҥQQrQFK~QJtôi NK{QJWKӇNKҧRViW KӃWFiF\ӃXWӕWURQJTXiWUuQK[ӱOêQKҵPQkQJFDRJLiWUӏGLQKGѭӥQJFӫDJҥROӭFYj WҥRVҧQSKҭPEӝWJҥRYӟLQJѭӡLEӏEӋQKWLӇXÿѭӡQJ9uYұ\FK~QJW{LÿӅ[XҩWPӝWVӕ KѭӟQJQJKLrQFӭXWLӃS:

9 NêQNLӇPWUDDFLGDPLQ FӫDVҧQSKҭPVDXNKLFKRQҧ\PҫPEҵQJFiFSKѭѫQJ phỏp VҳFNờVҳFNờJLҩ\VҳFNờEҧQPӓQJVҳFNờFӝWôÿӇSKiWKLӋQQKӳQJ OӑDLDFLGDPLQWӕW

9 KҧRViWQKLӋWÿӝӫÿӃQTXiWUuQKQҧ\PҫPYjKjPOѭӧQJFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJ 9 KҧRViWVӵELӃQÿәLFӫDOLSLGTXDFiFQKLӋWÿӝVҩ\

9 ĈD GҥQJ KyD WKrP VҧQ SKҭP FKR QJѭӡL Eӏ WLӇX ÿѭӡQJ EҵQJ SKѭѫQJ SKiS Eә VXQJWKrPFiFFKҩWGLQKGѭӥQJYjWDXULQHWKѭӡQJKD\EӏWKLӃXKөWFKRQJѭӡLEӏ WLӇXÿѭӡQJYjRVҧQSKҭP

9 ;iFÿӏQKÿѭӧFFKӍVӕ*,FӫDVҧQSKҭP 9 7ULӇQ NKDLÿӅWjLWKjQKGҥQJWKӵFQJKLӋPTX\P{SLORWQKӓYjÿѭDUDWKӏWUѭӡQJ

1 +ӗ7Kӏ1JkQ+j1JKLrQFͱX[͵OêJ̩ROͱWWăQJJLiWU͓GLQKG˱ͩQJ LXұQ YăQFDRKӑFĈҥLKӑF%iFK.KRD73+&0

2 /r 1JӑF 7~ FKӫ Eiên).2005 +yD VLQK F{QJ QJKL S 1;% NKRD KӑF Nӻ WKXұW

3 3KҥP;XkQ9ѭӧQJ.L͋PWUDFK̭WO˱ͫQJWK͹FSḴP1;%+j1ӝL

4 1JX\ӉQ7KDQK7KҧR0LQK1JKLrQFͱXV̫Q[X̭WF˯PăQOL͉QWͳJ̩ROͱW

/XұQYăQFDRKӑFĈҥLKӑF%iFK.KRD73+&0 5 1JX\ӉQ;XkQ3KѭѫQJ1JX\ӉQ9ăQ7KRD&˯VͧOêWKX\͇WYjNͿWKX̵WV̫Q

6 1JX\ӉQ7ҩQ9LӋQ1JKLrQFͱXV͵GͭQJWKyFQ̱\P̯Pÿ͋OjPQ˱ͣFJL̫L khát lên men /XұQYăQFDRKӑFĈҥLKӑF%iFK.KRD73+&0

7 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 0L7K͹F KjQK KyD VLQK K͕F 1;% ĈҥL KӑF TXӕF JLD +j

1ӝL 8 7UҫQ Bích Lam 2006 Thí QJKL PSKkQWtFKWK͹FSḴP NXB ĈҥL KӑF

1 Adair C R 1972 Production and utilization of rice In: Houston D F., Ed Rice chemistry and technology St Paul, MN, USA, Am Assoc Cereal Chem., p.15

2 Beachel H M and Stansel J W 1963 Selecting rice for specific cooking characteristics in a breeding program ,QWảO5LFH&RPQ1HZOHW6S,VVXHS-40

3 Cagampang G B., Cruz L J., Espiritu S G., Santiago R G and Juliano B O

1966 Studies on the Extraction and Composition of Rice Proteins Cereal Chem.,

4 Chancel J G 1962 The rice of camarque Thesis Pharm D School of medicine and pharmacy, Marseilles

5 David Fairchild Houston and Kohler G O 1970 Nutrition properties of rice

National Acedamic of Sciences, Washington D C

6 Dinesh Babu P., Subhasree R S Bhakyaraj R and Vidhyalakshmi R 2009 Brown

Rice-Beyond the Color Reviving a Lost Health Food ± A Review American-

7 Feng Yang 2000 Nutritional evaluation of germinated wheat and its use in a nutritional bar A thesis in food science and technology, Edmonton, Alberra

8 Fincher G B 1989 Molecular and cellular biology associated with endosperm in germinating cereal grains Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol., 40:305-346

9 Herting David C and Drury Emma-Jane E 1963 Vitamin E Content of Vegetable Oils and Fats J Nutr., 81: 335-342

10 Hicran Koc 2007 Infrared chemical imaging of germinated wheat: Early nondestructive detection and microspectroscopic imaging of kernel thin cross sections in situ A thesis in grain science and industry, Kansas State University

11 Jacobsen J V and Chandler P M 1987 Gibberellin acid and abscisic acid in germinating cereals In: Davies P J., Ed Plant hormones and their role in plant growth and development Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff, p 164-193

12 Jianfen Liang, Bei-Zhong Han, Robert M J Nout and Robert J Hamer

2009 Effect of soaking and phytase treatment on phytic acid, calcium, iron and zinc in rice fractions Food Chemistry, 115: 789-794

13 John R Whitaker, Alphons G J Voragen and Dominic W S Wong 2003

Handbook of enzymology United States of America

14 Juliano B O., Bautista G M., Lugay J C and Reyes A C 1964 Rice

Quality, Studies on Physicochemical Properties of Rice J Agric Food Chem., 12

15 Juliano B O 1993 Rice in human nutrition Rome

16 Kayahara Hiroshi and Tsukahara Kikuichi 2000 Flavor, Health and Nutritional Quality of Pre-germinated Brown Rice In: International Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies in Hawaii, December

17 Kazuo Okamoto and Takashi Akazawa 1979 Enzymic Mechanisms of Starch

Breakdown in Germinating Rice Seeds, 7 Amylase formation in the epithelium

18 Kik M C 1952 Nutritive value of rice diets and its by-products Ark Agr Exp

19 Kimura T., Bhattacharya K R and Ali S Z 1993 Discoloration characteristics of rice during parboiling, (I): Effect of processing conditions on the color intensity of parboiled rice Journal of the Society of Agricultural Structures, Japan, 24: 23-30

20 King R W 1989 Physiology of sprouting resistance In: Derera N F., Ed

Preharvest Field Sprouting in Cereals CRC Press, Inc: Baco Raton, Florida, p 28- 55

21 Kirk J R 1981 Influence of water activity on stability of vitamins in dehydrated foods In: Rockland L B and Stewart G F., Ed Water Activity:

Influences on Food Quality Academic Press, New York, p 631

22 MacMasters M M, Hinton J J C and Bradbury D 1971 Microscopic structure and composition of the wheat kernel In: Pomeraz Y., Ed Wheat chemistry and technology American association of chemists, Inc: Minnesota, 7: 51- 114

23 Manful J T., Swetman A A., Coker R D and Drunis A 2007 Changes in the thiamine and riboflavin contents of rice during artisanal parboiling in Ghana

24 Mares D J 1989 Preharvest sprouting damage and sprouting tolerance: assay method and instrumentation In: Derera N F., Ed Preharvest field sprouting in cereals CRC Press, Inc: Baco Raton, Florida, p 129-170

25 Mc Call E R., Hoffpauir C L and Skau D B 1951 The chemical composiion of rice: A literature review U S Dept Arg Publication AIC-

26 Normand F L., Hogan J T and Deobald H J 1965 Protein content of successive peripheral layers milled from wheat, barley, grain sorghum and glutinous rice by tangential abraison Cereal Chem., 42: 359-367

27 Posner E S and Hibbs A N 1997 Wheat: the raw material In: Wheat flour milling, American association of cereal chemists, Inc: Minnesota, p 2-10

28 Salisbury F B and Ross C W 1978 Plant physiology, 2 nd edition

Woodsworth publishing company, Inc., Belmont, California

29 Simon E W 1984 Early events in germination In: Murray D R., Ed Seed physiology, germination and seed mobilization Academic Press, Australia, 2: 77- 111

30 Soponronnarit S., Nathakaranakule A., Jirajindalert A and Taechapairoj C 2006

Parboiling brown rice using superheated steam fluidization technique Journal of Food Engineering, 75: 423-432

31 Taira H 1962 Botan Mag (Tokyo), 75: 173-242 English translation

32 Takano K and Nozu M 1961 Kinds of free amino acid in rice kernel

33 Tamura S and Kenmochi K 1963 J Agric Chem Soc Japan, 37: 753

34 Van Etten R L 1982 Human prostatic acid phosphatase: a histidine phosphatase Ann NY Acad Sci., 390: 27-51

35 Watt Bernice K and Merrill Annabel L 1963 Composition of foods: raw, processed, prepared U S Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Handbook

36 Williams K T and Bevenue A 1953 A note in the sugar in rice Cereal Chem., 30:

37 Williams V R, Knox W C and Fieger E A 1943 A study of some of the vitamin B complex factors in rice and its milled products Cereal Chemistry, 20: 560

38 Williams V R., Wu W T., Tsai H Y and Bates H G 1958 Varietal differences in amylose content of rice starch J Agric Food Chem., 6: 47-48

39 Williamson J D and Quatrano R S 1988 ABA - regulation of two classes of embryo-specific sequences in mature wheat embryos Plant Physiol., 86: 208-215

40 Wu W T and Williams Virginia R 1962 Gaschromatographic studies of rice lipids Proceedings Rice Technical Working Group, Houston, Texas, p 21-23

ĈӏQKOѭӧQJSURWHLQWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiS/RZU\

+ҫXKӃWFiFSURWHLQÿӅXFKӭDW\URVLQe YjWU\SWRSKDQ+jPOѭӧQJFӫDQKӳQJacid amin Qj\W\WKXӝFYjRORҥLSURWHLQ9uYұ\QKӳQJSURWHLQFQJORҥLYӟLQKDXVӁFKӭD KjPOѭӧQJacid amin Qj\QKѭQKDX

.KLFKRWiFGөQJSURWHLQYӟLWKXӕFWKӱ)ROLQVӁWҥRWKjQKPӝWSKӭFFKҩWFyPjX Màu này tӹ OӋYӟLKjPOѭӧQJW\URVLQe YjWU\SWRSKDQKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQ9uWKӃWDFy WKӇGQJSKѭѫQJSKiSVRPjXÿӇ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQ

Buret 25ml Pipet 1ml, 2ml, 5ml, 10ml chính xác

%uQKÿӏQKPӭFPO Erlen 250ml

'XQJ GӏFK DOEXPLQ 1%: cân chính xác 0.J DOEXPLQ SKD YӟL QѭӟF WKjQK POGXQJGӏFK

'XQJGӏFK$FkQJ1D 2 CO 3 hòa tan trong NaOH N/10 thành 100ml

'XQJ GӏFK % FkQ 5g CuSO4.5H 2 2 KzD WDQ WURQJ GXQJ GӏFK FLWUDWe natri 1% thành 100ml

'XQJGӏFK&FKӍSKDÿӇGQJWURQJQJj\JӗPKӛQKӧSGXQJGӏFK$Yj%WKHR WӍOӋ

7KXӕFWKӱ)ROLQWKXӕFWKӱQj\ÿmSKDVҹQFiFKÿLӅXFKӃQKѭVDX Cân 100g natri tungstate và 25g natri molybdate WKұWWLQK NKLӃW7KrPYjR ÿyPO QѭӟF FҩW Yj PO DFLG RUWhRSKRVSKRULF KXҩ\ FKR WDQ Yj WKrP YjR ÿy

PODFLGFORK\GULFÿұPÿһF7LӃSWөFNKXҩ\UӗLFKRYjRPӝWEuQKFҫXQ~WQKiPOtW ĈXQKRjQOѭXWURQJJLӡ

6DXNKLÿXQFKRYjRÿyJlithium sulfate.KXҩ\FKRÿӃQNKLWDQKRjQWRjQ UӗLÿәYjRÿyWKrP- POEURPKRһF-POEURPOӓQJ.KXҩ\ÿӅXYjÿXQV{L WURQJ Wӫ K~W NKt ÿӝF WURQJ SK~W /jP OҥQK ӣ QKLӋW ÿӝ WKѭӡQJ &KR YjR EuQK ÿӏQK PӭFOtWYjWKrPQѭӟFFҩWFKRÿӫ/ҳFNӻYjOӑFQӃXGXQJGӏFKNK{QJWURQJ'XQJ GӏFKFyPjXYjQJFKDQKQӃXFKX\ӇQPjX[DQKOjNK{QJGQJÿѭӧF%ҧRTXҧQtrong FKDLWKӫ\WLQKPjX

7D WKӵF KLӋQ ÿѭӡQJ FKXҭQ YӟL PӝW ORҥL SURWHLQ WLQK NKLӃW Fy VҹQ WKѭӡQJ Oj DOEXPLQFӫDEzÿmÿ{QJNK{WKHREҧQJVDXÿӇFyÿѭӧFFiFGXQJGӏFKDOEXPLQFKXҭQFy QӗQJÿӝSURWHLQWӯ- 250 J/ml: ӔQJQJKLӋPVӕ 0 1 2 3 4 5

1ӗQJÿӝSURWHLQJ/ml 0 50 100 150 200 250 'XQJGӏFKDOEXPLQPO 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 1ѭӟFFҩWPO 10 9.5 9.0 8.5 8.0 7.5

Hút 0.POGXQJGӏFKSURWHLQFyQӗQJÿӝNKiFQKDXWӯFiFӕQJQJKLӋPYӯDSKDӣ WUrQWKHRWKӭWӵWӯ- 5 vjRӕQJQJKLӋPVҥFKNKiFJӗPӕQJWKӱNK{QJYjӕQJWӯ 1 - 7KrPYjRÿyPOGXQJGӏFK&/ҳFÿӅXYjÿӇ\rQӣQKLӋWÿӝSKzQJWURQJSK~W 6DXÿyWKrPYjR.POWKXӕFWKӱ)ROLQOҳFÿӅXWURQJ- SK~WWKrPQѭӟFFҩWFKR ÿӫPOĈHPÿRPұWÿӝTXDQJ ӣEѭӟFVyQJQPKD\QP

9Ӂ ELӇX ÿӗ ELӇX GLӉQ Vӵ ELӃQ WKLrQ FӫD PұW ÿӝ TXDQJ ǻ2' WKHR QӗQJ ÿӝ SURWHLQFKXҭQJ/ml)

;iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQWURQJPүX Hút 0.POGXQJGӏFKSURWHLQFҫQ[iFÿӏQKFKRYjRPӝWӕQJQJKLӋPVҥFKYjVҩ\

NK{7KrPYjRÿyPOGXQJGӏFK&/ҳFÿӅXYjÿӇ\rQӣQKLӋWÿӝSKzQJWURQJSK~W

6DXÿyWKrPYjR.POWKXӕFWKӱ)ROLQOҳFÿӅXWURQJ± SK~WWKrPQѭӟFFҩWFKR ÿӫPOĈHPÿRPұWÿӝTXDQJEѭӟFVyQJQPKD\QPQrQOjPEDӕQJQJKLӋP ÿӇOҩ\WUXQJEuQK ắ Tớnh toỏn

7ӯÿѭӡQJFKXҭQVRViQKPұWÿӝTXDQJFӫDӕQJQJKLӋPFKӭDPүXSURWHLQ7ӯÿy VX\UDKjPOѭӧQJSURWHLQFӫDQJX\rQOLӋXOjDJ/ml)

/ѭӧQJSURWHLQ0FyWURQJJQJX\rQOLӋXÿѭӧFWtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF

Q+ӋVӕSKDORmQJ P.KӕLOѭӧQJQJX\rQOLӋXOҩ\SKkQWtFKJ

1.2 3KѭѫQJSKiSÿӏQKOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱEҵQJ'16

7Kӫ\ SKkQ PүX &kQ FKtQK [iF NKRҧQJ J PүX QJX\rQ OLӋX SKҧL ÿӏQK ÿѭӡQJ FKRYjRQѭӟFFҩWYӯDQJұSPүXĈHPÿXQFiFKWKӫ\ NKRҧQJSK~Wӣ 0 C Pha loãng WKjQKPӝWWKӇWtFKQKҩWÿӏQKKD\PO1ӃXGXQJGӏFKFyFһQÿHPOӑF'XQJGӏFK Qj\ÿӇÿӏQKOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJ1ӃXQӗQJÿӝÿѭӡQJTXiFDRYѭӧWUDQJRjLÿӗWKӏFKXҭQWKu SKҧLSKDORmQJGXQJGӏFKÿѭӡQJ

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\GӵDWUrQFѫVӣSKҧQӭQJWҥRPjXJLӳDÿѭӡQJNKӱYӟLWKXӕF WKӱ- GLQLWURVDOLV\OLF'16&ѭӡQJÿӝPjXFӫDKӛQKӧSSKҧQӭQJWӹOӋWKXұQYӟL QӗQJÿӝÿѭӡQJNKӱ'ӵDWKHRÿӗWKӏFKXҭQFӫDJOXFRVHWLQKNKLӃWYӟLWKXӕFWKӱDFLG GLQLWURVDOLV\OLFVӁWtQKÿѭӧF KjPOѭӧQJÿѭӡQJNKӱFӫDPүXQJKLrQFӭX

- 7KXӕF WKӱ DFLG GLQLWURVDOLV\OLF '16 FkQ J '16 SKD WURQJ PO GXQJ GӏFK1D2+ 1WKrPYjR POQѭӟFFҩW Yj JPXӕLVRGLXPSRWDVVLXPWDUWUDWHĈXQQKҽFKRWDQUӗLÿӏQKPӭFWӟLPO

- 'XQJGӏFKJOXFRVHPүXJ/ml): cân 0.5g D-JOXFRVHSKDWURQJQѭӟFFҩWWKjQK lít

7ӯGXQJGӏFKJOXFRVH FKXҭQ SKD FiFGXQJGӏFKJOXFRVH FKXҭQ Fy QӗQJÿӝWӯ 50-250 (J/ml)

/ҳFÿӅXYjK~WUDPӛLӕQJQJKLӋPWUrQPOYjRFiFӕQJQJKLӋPVҥFKYjNK{ khác 7KrPYjRPӛLӕQJPO'16ĈHPÿXQFiFKWKӫ\ӣ 0 C trong 3 phút, làm QJXӝLYjWKrPPOQѭӟFFҩWĈRÿӝKҩSWKөӣEѭӟFVyQJQPWUrQPi\TXDQJSKә 9ӁÿѭӡQJFKXҭQJOXFRVHYӟLWUөFWXQJOjPұWÿӝTXDQJWUөFKRjQKOjQӗQJÿӝJOXFRVH

7LӃQKjQKWKtQJKLӋPSKҧQӭQJFӫDGXQJGӏFKÿѭӡQJFҫQSKkQWtFKYӟLWKXӕFWKӱ'16 ÿѭӧFWLӃQKjQKQKѭWURQJSKҫQ[k\GӵQJÿӗWKӏFKXҭQ1ӗQJÿӝÿѭӡQJWURQJPүXÿѭӧF [iFÿӏQKQKӡYjRÿѭӡQJFKXҭQJOXFRVHÿmGӵQJ

1.3 ĈӏQKOѭӧQJOLSLGWәQJWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiS6R[KOHW Nguyên tҳc

'QJGXQJP{LNӷQѭӟFWUtFKO\KRjQWRjQOLSLGWӯQJX\rQOLӋXÿmÿѭӧFQJKLӅQ QKӓ0ӝWVӕWKjQKSKҫQKRjWDQWURQJFKҩWEpRFǊQJÿѭӧFWUtFKO\WKHREDRJӗPVҳFWӕ FiFYLWDPLQWDQWURQJFKҩWEpRFiFFKҩWPLôWX\QKLrQKjPOѭӧQJFӫDFK~QJWKҩS 'RFyOүQWҥSFKҩWWKjQKSKҫQWUtFKO\ÿѭӧFJӑLOjOLSLGWәQJKӧSKD\GҫXWK{

+jPOѭӧQJOLSLGWәQJFyWKӇWtQKÿѭӧFEҵQJFiFKFkQWUӵFWLӃSOѭӧFGҫXVDXNKL FKѭQJFҩWORҥLVҥFKGXQJP{LKRһFWtQKJLiQWLӃSWӯNKӕLOѭӧQJEmFzQOҥLѬXÿLӇPFӫD FiFWtQKJLiQWLӃSOjFyWKӇÿӗQJWKӡLWUtFKO\QKLӅXPүXWURQJPӝWWUөFKLӃW

- %ӝ6R[KOHWEuQKFҫXWUөFKLӃWӕQJVLQKKjQWӫVҩ\ 0 &FҫQSKkQWtFK - &ӕLFKj\VӭEuQKK~WҭPJLҩ\OӑFJҩSWKjQKW~LÿӵQJQJX\rQOLӋX

- %ӃSFiFKWKӫ\әQQKLӋWKRһFPӝWEyQJÿqQZOjPQJXӗQQKLӋW

- 'XQJP{LWUtFKO\OLSLGGLHWK\OHWKHUKRһFHWKHUGҫXKӓD'XQJP{LHWKHUSKҧLNK{ng FKӭDSHUR[\WQѭӟFUѭӧXYjFyÿӝV{LNKRҧQJ- 50 o C

- Ether: 500mL - 'XQJGӏFK1D2+KD\.2+P/

- 'XQJGӏFKKMnO 4 4%: 50mL - ĈӇWURQJJLӡWKӍQKWKRҧQJOҳFÿӅXVDXÿyUӱD- OҫQEҵQJQѭӟFFҩWORҥLEӓ QѭӟFEҵQJSKӉXFKLӃWFKRWKrPJ1D 2 SO 4 NKDQYjÿӇWURQJJLӡFKѭQJFҩW HWKHUEҧRTXҧQWURQJFKDLWKXӹWLQKPjX

TiӃn hành trích lipid 3KѭѫQJSKiSJLiQWLӃp

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\FyWKӇ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJOLSLGWURQJQKLӅXQJX\rQOLӋXNKiF QKDXFQJPӝWO~F6ҩ\NK{QJX\rQOLӋXÿӃQNKӕLOѭӧQJNK{QJÿәL&kQFKtQK[iFJ QJX\rQOLӋXFKRPӛLQJX\rQOLӋXNKiFQKDXÿmÿѭӧFQJKLӅQQKӓFKRYjRFiFEDRJLҩ\ ÿmÿѭӧFVҩ\NK{YjELӃWNKӕLOѭӧQJ&K~êJyLPүXSKҧLFyEӅUӝQJQKӓKѫQÿѭӡQJ NtQKӕQJWUөYjFKLӅXGjLQJҳQKѫQFKLӅXFDRәQJFKҧ\WUjQ'QJE~WFKuYLӃWOrQEDR JLҩ\NKӕLOѭӧQJEuYjPүXĈһWEDRJLҩ\YjRWUөFKLӃW/ҳSWUөFKLӃWYjREuQKFҫXYj JҳQӕQJVLQKKjQ4XDÿҫXӕQJVLQKKjQGQJSKӉXFKRGXQJP{LYjRWUөFKLӃWVDRFKR PӝWOѭӧQJGXQJP{LÿmFKҧ\[XӕQJEuQKFҫXYjPӝWOѭӧQJWUrQSKӉXFzQÿӫQJұSPүX 'QJE{QJOjPQ~WÿҫXӕQJVLQKKjQ0ӣQѭӟFOҥQKYjRӕQJVLQKKjQ0ӣF{QJWҳF EӃSÿqQYjEҳWÿҫXWUtFKOLSLGĈLӅXFKӍQKQKLӋWÿӝWUtFKVDRFKRFKXNuKRjQOѭXFӫD GXQJP{LÿҥWWӯÿӃQOҫQWURQJPӝWJLӡ&KLӃWWURQJ-JLӡFKRÿӃQNKLWUtFKO\

KRjQWRjQKӃWFKҩWEpR7KӱOҩ\EҵQJFiFKQKӓYjLJLӑWHWKHUӣFXӕLӕQJ[LSKRRQJQKӓ WUrQJLҩ\OӑFGXQJP{LED\KѫLNK{QJÿӇOҥLYӃWGҫXORDQJWKuNӃWWK~F

&KRHWKHUFKҧ\[XӕQJKӃWEuQKFҫX/ҩ\EDRJLҩ\UDÿһWGѭӟLWӫKRWWHFKRED\KѫLKӃWHWKHUӣQKLӋWÿӝEuQKWKѭӡQJUӗLFKRYjRWӫVҩ\Vҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝ-105 o C trong 1,5 JLӡĈӇQJXӝLWURQJEuQKK~WҭPFҫQ[iFÿӏQKNKӕLOѭӧQJ

+jPOѭӧQJSKҫQWUăPFKҩWEpRWtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF

7URQJÿy M 1 ± NKӕLOѭӧQJEDRJLҩ\YjPүXEDQÿҫXJ

M 2 ± NKӕLOѭӧQJEDRJLҩ\YjPүXVDXNKLWUtFKOLSLGYjVҩ\NK{J m ± NKӕLOѭӧQJPүXEDQÿҫXJ

'QJFiFYLWDPLQWLQKNKLӃWOjPFKҩWFKXҭQNKLSKkQWtFKÿӗQJWKӡLFiFYLWDPin

/ѭӧQJPүXSKkQWtFKFKROrQFӝWNKRҧQJ YjLSSP3KDORmQJFKҩWFKXҭQWKHRNLӇXEұF WKDQJFkQ[PJFKҩWFKXҭQÿӏQKPӭFOrQPOOҳFÿӅXOҩ\POSKDORmQJWLӃSOrQ PO&ӭSKDORmQJQKѭYұ\FKRWӟLQӗQJÿӝWKtFKKӧS

Cân 5 - JPүXÿmQJKLӅQQKӓYjREuQKWDPJLiFGXQJWtFKPO7KrPYjR POGXQJGӏFK+&O0YjÿXQFiFKWKӫ\ӣ o &WURQJSK~WÿӇWUtFKO\FiF YLWDPLQWDQWURQJQѭӟF/jPQJXӝLYjFKӍQKS+WӟLEҵQJGXQJGӏFKQDWULDFHWDWH 0 VDX ÿy WKrP PJ DP\ODVH Yj PJ NDWDGLDVWDVH YӟL PӝW tW QѭӟF Yj NKXҩ\ ĈһWӣ o &ÿӇSKҧQӭQJWKӫ\SKkQ[ҧ\UDTXDÿrP&KX\ӇQWRjQEӝNKӕLOѭӧQJVDQJ EuQKÿӏQKPӭFPOYjWKrPQѭӟFFҩWWӟLYҥFKOӑF

- 1ѭӟFFҩWGQJSKDFKӃFiFGXQJGӏFKWURQJWKtQJKLӋPYjWҩWFҧFiFGXQJGӏFKWUѭӟF NKLEѫPYjRFӝWÿӅXSKҧLOӑFTXDPjQJVLrXOӑFPYjSKiEӑWNKtEҵQJVLrXkP trong vòng 10 ± 20 phút

- 'XQJGӏFKPүXFҫQVLrXkPORҥLNK{QJNKtWUѭӟFNKLÿѭӧFEѫPYjRFӝWWURQJTXi

WUuQK[ӱOêSKҧLWKDRWiFWURQJÿLӅXNLӋQtránh ánh sáng

'XQJ GӏFK $ ĈӋP SKRVSKDWH S+ SKD + 3 PO 4 0 FKӍQK S+ EăQJ 1DR+0FyEәVXQJQDWULKHSWDQVXOIRQDW0PRO

'XQJGӏFK%$FHWRQLWULOH$&1+3/&KRһF0H2+HPLC Trôn A:B = 88:12

1KLӋWÿӝOzFӝW 0 C 7ӕFÿӝGzQJPOSK~W

%ѭӟFVyQJQPYjQP 7KӇWtFKWLrPPүXPl ĈLӅX NLӋQ WUtFK PүX 0үX ÿѭӧF OL WUtFK EҵQJ QѭӟF FҩW OҳF ә QKLӋW ӣ QKLӋW ÿӝ

50 0 &WURQJSK~W/LWkPYӟLWӕFÿӝYzQJWURQJ20 phút 7KӇWtFK ÿӏQKPӭFPүX FXӕLFQJPO

1kQJFҫQLQMHFWRUYjRYӏWUt³,QMHFW´'QJV\ULQJHFKX\rQGөQJFyNLPWLrPÿҫXEҵQJ NK{QJÿѭӧFGQJNLPÿҫXQKӑQÿӇWLrPPүXYjRLQMHFWRUFKRWӟLNKLPүXGѭWUiQK ÿѭD YjR EӑW NKt 7UѭӟF NKL EҳW ÿҫX SKkQ WtFK WKu QKҩQZERO trên detector và dùng

OӋQKZERO ENTER WUrQPi\JKLÿӇÿһWJӕFE~WJKL1KҩQSTART WUrQPi\JKLÿӗQJ WKӡLJҥWFҫQLQMHFWRU[XӕQJYӏWUtYjRFӝW³/RDG´

0i\JKLEҳWÿҫXOjPYLӋF&iFSHDNÿѭӧFJKLQKұQFQJWKӡLJLDQOѭX1ӃXQӗQJ ÿӝ TXiFDRSHDNEӏWSKҧLSKDORmQJKѫQ

Máy ghi WӵÿӝQJGӯQJVDXWKӡLJLDQÿmFjLÿһWӣSTOP.TM.KLFҫQQJӯQJJKLFyWKӇ QKҩQSTOP WUrQPi\JKL1JӯQJJKLNKLNK{QJFzQSHDNYjÿѭӡQJQӅQOjPӝWÿѭӡQJ WKҷQJ

.ӃWTXҧWӕWNKLFҧFKXҭQYjPүXÿӅXFKRFiF SHDNFyFQJWKӡLJLDQOѭXGLӋQWtFKSHDN NK{QJTXiQKӓYjNK{QJTXiOӟQ ĈӇ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJPӝWWKjQKSKҫQWURQJPүXFҫQWKӵFKLӋQFiFEѭӟFSKkQWtFK sau:

9 %˱ͣF 7LrP FKXҭQ YjR FӝW [iF ÿӏQK SHDN FӫD FKҩW FKXҭQ &Kҥ\ OҫQ GXQJ GӏFKFKXҭQFQJQӗQJÿӝÿӇNLӇPWUDÿӝOһSFӫDNӃWTXҧSKkQWtFKWKӇKLӋQEӣL GLӋQWtFKSHDN;iFÿӏQKÿӝOӋFKFKXҭQWѭѫQJÿӕLUHODWLYHGHYLDWLRQ± RSD) 9 %˱ͣF 7ӯNӃWTXҧGLӋQWtFKSHDNWD[k\GӵQJÿѭӡQJFKXҭQ

9 %˱ͣF 3KkQWtFKPүX%ѫPPүXYjRFӝWYjFyÿѭӧFGLӋQWtFKSHDNlà AM'ӵD YjRÿѭӡQJFKXҭQÿӇWtQKQӗQJÿӝYLWDPLQFyWURQJGӏFKEѫP& M 1ӃX$ M QҵP QJRjLNKRҧQJWX\ӃQWtQKFӫDÿѭӡQJFKXҭQWKuFҫQSKDORmQJOҥL

1.5 3KѭѫQJSKiS[iFÿӏQKÿҥPFORMOL 1JX\rQWҳF

Axit amin hòa tan trong nѭӟF Fy WtQK FKҩW PXӕL QӝL SKkQ Wӱ FiF QKyP DPLQ Yj FDFER[\OWUXQJKzDOүQQKDX1KyP&22 - FӫDD[LWDPLQEӏFҧQWUӣEӣLFiFQKyPDPLQ QrQNK{QJWKӇFKXҭQÿӝWUӵFWLӃSÿѭӧF7URQJIRPDQÿHKLWQKyPDPLQFӫDD[LWDPLQ SKҧQӭQJYӟLQKyPFKRPHW\OHQNӃWTXҧSKҧQӭQJOjQKyPDPLQPҩWWtQKFKҩWFѫEҧQ FӫDQyQJѭӧFOҥLQKyPFDFER[\OWURQJD[LWDPLQWӗQWҥLGҥQJPHW\OHQNK{QJEӏFҧQWUӣ YjFyWKӇFKXҭQÿӝ

- 'XQJ GӏFK IRUPRO ò SKD IRUPROQѭӟF FҩW Wӹ OӋ Yj FKXҭQ Eӏ WUѭӟF NKL dùng)

- Nguyên OLӋX%ӝWJҥROӭF - 'XQJGӏFK1D2+1 - 7KXӕFWKӱSKHQROWDOHLQ

- &kQJDPEӝWJҥROӭFÿm[D\QKX\ӉQFKRYjRFӕLVӭWKrPPOQѭӟFFҩWQJKLӅQOҥLWURQJWKӡLJLDQSK~W7KrPQѭӟFUӗLOӑFVѫEӝEҵQJYҧLUӗLOӑFOҥLEҵQJJLҩ\OӑFĈӏQKPӭFWKjQKPOGXQJGӏFKPүX

- /ҩ\EuQKQyQYjÿiQKGҩXEuQKYjEuQK o Bỡnh 1: 'QJOjPEuQKNL͋PWUD Cho vào 50ml dd formol ẵ và thờm

YjR ÿy PO GXQJ GӏFK SKHQROSKWKDOHLQ 6DX ÿy GQJ GG 1D2+

1ÿӇKLӋXFKӍQKPjXWURQJEuQKFKRÿӃQNKLFKӍFzQPjXKӗQJQKҥW 7DÿѭӧFIRUPROòWUXQJKzD o Bình 2: 'QJOjPEuQKWKtQJKL P &KRYjRPOGӏFKPүXWKrPPO

GGIRUPROòÿmWUXQJKzDYjPOSKHQROSKWKDOHLQOҳFÿӅXFKRSKҧQ ӭQJ[ҧ\UDKRjQWRjQ6DXÿyFKXҭQÿӝEҵQJGG1D2+1FKRÿӃQNKL dd trong EuQKFyPjXKӗQJÿұPKѫQPjXӣEuQK

7KӵF KLӋQ WKӱ WKұW Yj WKӱ NK{QJ WKD\ GG ÿҥP EҵQJ QѭӟF FҩW Oҩ\ WUӏ Vӕ trung bình:

/ѭӧQJÿҥPIRUPROFyWURQJJDPQJX\rQOLӋX mgN = 1,4 (V2 - V1)*100*25/10a

7URQJÿy 9OjWKӇWtFK1D2+1WUXQJEuQKFӫDOҫQWKӱNK{QJ

9OjWKӇWtFK1D2+1WUXQJEuQKFӫDOҫQWKӱWKұW DVӕJDPFKҩWWKӱ

1.6 3KѭѫQJSKiS[iFÿӏQKFKҩW[ѫWәQJ +yDFKҩWYjWKXӕFWKӱ

- $[LWVXQIXULFGXQJGӏFK - 1DWULKLGUR[LWGXQJGӏFK - $[LWFORKLGULFGXQJGӏFK%

&kQNKRҧQJJEӝWJҥROӭFYӟLÿӝFKtQK[iFJFKRPүXYjRFӕFGXQJWtFKPOWKrPYjRPOGXQJGӏFKD[LWVXQIXULFÿһWYjRWӫK~WYjÿXQÿӃQV{L

WKӍQKWKRҧQJOҳFÿӇEӝWJҥRNK{QJEiPYjRWKjQKFӕFĈXQV{LWURQJSK~W1ӃX FҫQFyWKӇWKrPPӝWtWFKҩWNKӱEӑW7URQJTXiWUuQKÿXQEәVXQJQѭӟFYjRSKҫQ ED\KѫL/ҩ\FӕF UD WKrPYjR POQѭӟFOҥQKYj OӑFQKDQK TXD YҧLOӑFUӱD FһQ EҵQJQѭӟFV{LFKRÿӃQNKLGӏFKUӱDNK{QJFzQD[LWWKӱEҵQJJLҩ\TXǤ

&KRFһQYjR FӕFWKrPPOGXQJGӏFK1DWULK\GUR[LW1D2+ÿһWFӕFOrQEӃS YjÿXQV{LWURQJSK~W7KӍQKWKRҧQJOҳFFһQÿӇNK{QJEiPYjRWKjQKFӕF3KҫQ QѭӟFED\KѫLÿѭӧFEәVXQJEҵQJQѭӟFVҥFK

/ӑFYjFKRFһQYjRFӕFÿXQUӱDFһQGtQKOҥLӣFӕFEҵQJQѭӟFQyQJÿӇ Oҩ\KӃW FһQ5ӱDFһQEҵQJQѭӟFQyQJVDXÿyEҵQJGXQJGӏFKD[LWFORK\ULF+&OYjFXӕL FQJEҵQJQѭӟFQyQJFKRÿӃQNKLNK{QJFzQD[LWWKӱEҵQJJLҩ\TXǤ

&XӕL FQJ UӱD FһQ EҵQJ FӗQ UӗL EҵQJ GLHW\O ĈѭD YjR Pi\ ÿӇ ORҥL Eӓ FiF YӋW dung môi

ĈӏQKOѭӧQJOLSLGWәQJWKHRSKѭѫQJSKiS6R[KOHW

'QJGXQJP{LNӷQѭӟFWUtFKO\KRjQWRjQOLSLGWӯQJX\rQOLӋXÿmÿѭӧFQJKLӅQ QKӓ0ӝWVӕWKjQKSKҫQKRjWDQWURQJFKҩWEpRFǊQJÿѭӧFWUtFKO\WKHREDRJӗPVҳFWӕ FiFYLWDPLQWDQWURQJFKҩWEpRFiFFKҩWPLôWX\QKLrQKjPOѭӧQJFӫDFK~QJWKҩS 'RFyOүQWҥSFKҩWWKjQKSKҫQWUtFKO\ÿѭӧFJӑLOjOLSLGWәQJKӧSKD\GҫXWK{

+jPOѭӧQJOLSLGWәQJFyWKӇWtQKÿѭӧFEҵQJFiFKFkQWUӵFWLӃSOѭӧFGҫXVDXNKL FKѭQJFҩWORҥLVҥFKGXQJP{LKRһFWtQKJLiQWLӃSWӯNKӕLOѭӧQJEmFzQOҥLѬXÿLӇPFӫD FiFWtQKJLiQWLӃSOjFyWKӇÿӗQJWKӡLWUtFKO\QKLӅXPүXWURQJPӝWWUөFKLӃW

- %ӝ6R[KOHWEuQKFҫXWUөFKLӃWӕQJVLQKKjQWӫVҩ\ 0 &FҫQSKkQWtFK - &ӕLFKj\VӭEuQKK~WҭPJLҩ\OӑFJҩSWKjQKW~LÿӵQJQJX\rQOLӋX

- %ӃSFiFKWKӫ\әQQKLӋWKRһFPӝWEyQJÿqQZOjPQJXӗQQKLӋW

- 'XQJP{LWUtFKO\OLSLGGLHWK\OHWKHUKRһFHWKHUGҫXKӓD'XQJP{LHWKHUSKҧLNK{ng FKӭDSHUR[\WQѭӟFUѭӧXYjFyÿӝV{LNKRҧQJ- 50 o C

- Ether: 500mL - 'XQJGӏFK1D2+KD\.2+P/

- 'XQJGӏFKKMnO 4 4%: 50mL - ĈӇWURQJJLӡWKӍQKWKRҧQJOҳFÿӅXVDXÿyUӱD- OҫQEҵQJQѭӟFFҩWORҥLEӓ QѭӟFEҵQJSKӉXFKLӃWFKRWKrPJ1D 2 SO 4 NKDQYjÿӇWURQJJLӡFKѭQJFҩW HWKHUEҧRTXҧQWURQJFKDLWKXӹWLQKPjX

TiӃn hành trích lipid 3KѭѫQJSKiSJLiQWLӃp

3KѭѫQJSKiSQj\FyWKӇ[iFÿӏQKKjPOѭӧQJOLSLGWURQJQKLӅXQJX\rQOLӋXNKiF QKDXFQJPӝWO~F6ҩ\NK{QJX\rQOLӋXÿӃQNKӕLOѭӧQJNK{QJÿәL&kQFKtQK[iFJ QJX\rQOLӋXFKRPӛLQJX\rQOLӋXNKiFQKDXÿmÿѭӧFQJKLӅQQKӓFKRYjRFiFEDRJLҩ\ ÿmÿѭӧFVҩ\NK{YjELӃWNKӕLOѭӧQJ&K~êJyLPүXSKҧLFyEӅUӝQJQKӓKѫQÿѭӡQJ NtQKӕQJWUөYjFKLӅXGjLQJҳQKѫQFKLӅXFDRәQJFKҧ\WUjQ'QJE~WFKuYLӃWOrQEDR JLҩ\NKӕLOѭӧQJEuYjPүXĈһWEDRJLҩ\YjRWUөFKLӃW/ҳSWUөFKLӃWYjREuQKFҫXYj JҳQӕQJVLQKKjQ4XDÿҫXӕQJVLQKKjQGQJSKӉXFKRGXQJP{LYjRWUөFKLӃWVDRFKR PӝWOѭӧQJGXQJP{LÿmFKҧ\[XӕQJEuQKFҫXYjPӝWOѭӧQJWUrQSKӉXFzQÿӫQJұSPүX 'QJE{QJOjPQ~WÿҫXӕQJVLQKKjQ0ӣQѭӟFOҥQKYjRӕQJVLQKKjQ0ӣF{QJWҳF EӃSÿqQYjEҳWÿҫXWUtFKOLSLGĈLӅXFKӍQKQKLӋWÿӝWUtFKVDRFKRFKXNuKRjQOѭXFӫD GXQJP{LÿҥWWӯÿӃQOҫQWURQJPӝWJLӡ&KLӃWWURQJ-JLӡFKRÿӃQNKLWUtFKO\

KRjQWRjQKӃWFKҩWEpR7KӱOҩ\EҵQJFiFKQKӓYjLJLӑWHWKHUӣFXӕLӕQJ[LSKRRQJQKӓ WUrQJLҩ\OӑFGXQJP{LED\KѫLNK{QJÿӇOҥLYӃWGҫXORDQJWKuNӃWWK~F

&KRHWKHUFKҧ\[XӕQJKӃWEuQKFҫX/ҩ\EDRJLҩ\UDÿһWGѭӟLWӫKRWWHFKRED\KѫLKӃWHWKHUӣQKLӋWÿӝEuQKWKѭӡQJUӗLFKRYjRWӫVҩ\Vҩ\ӣQKLӋWÿӝ-105 o C trong 1,5 JLӡĈӇQJXӝLWURQJEuQKK~WҭPFҫQ[iFÿӏQKNKӕLOѭӧQJ

+jPOѭӧQJSKҫQWUăPFKҩWEpRWtQKWKHRF{QJWKӭF

7URQJÿy M 1 ± NKӕLOѭӧQJEDRJLҩ\YjPүXEDQÿҫXJ

M 2 ± NKӕLOѭӧQJEDRJLҩ\YjPүXVDXNKLWUtFKOLSLGYjVҩ\NK{J m ± NKӕLOѭӧQJPүXEDQÿҫXJ

ĈӏQKOѭӧQJYLWDPLQ%%