out and about 2 workbook

getting away from it all unit 1 05 1Unit PV3 Complete the text with adjectives from Exercise 2.. tour travel trip voyage carried away check out make up take backwatch out 1 Complete the

BachilleratoBatxilleratBatxilergoa Bacharelato

22

Claire Thacker

The fi nal Bachillerato exam and the University Entrance Exam are the key to success at this stage of students’ learning, but education goes beyond the classroom and exams

Out & About is a course which provides solid language development for the exams and also

prepares students for real life and for the world in which they will live as adults

With the free Augmented Reality app, students have access to all the Out & About

video and audio.The Workbook follows the Student’s Book structure and provides all the extra practice students need Extra sections include:

exam practicelistening and speaking practicea vocabulary builder

PAU specifi c wordlists

phrasal verbsaudioscriptsonline audio.

StUdEnT’s bOoK

WiTh cOmMoN MiStAkEs aT BaChIlLeRaTo

The Student’s Book provides comprehensive coverage of all the grammar and vocabulary in the Bachillerato syllabus combined with a balanced treatment of all four skills It also includes:

The accompanying Common Mistakes at Bachillerato Booklet focuses on frequent errors made by Spanish Speakers of English at this level.

three term reviewsa comprehensive grammar and vocabulary reference

a writing guidea life skills sectionfalse friends reference pages.

OUT & ABOUT helps Spanish-speaking learners overcome the diffi culties they face when learning English This is achieved by integrating our expert knowledge of Spanish speakers with information taken from the unique Cambridge Learner Corpus.

www.cambridge.org/elt/essENGLISH FOR SPANISH SPEAKERS

BeYoNd tHe cLaSsRoOm

When you see this symbol, use your smartphone or tablet to scan and access all course videos and audios

BachilleratoBatxilleratBatxilergoa

ENGLISH FOR SPANISH SPEAKERS

The ENGLISHFORSPANISHSPEAKERS editions help Spanish-speaking learners overcome the difficulties they face when learning English This is achieved by integrating our expert knowledge of Spanish speakers with information taken from the unique Cambridge English Corpus.

Our in-depth understanding of Spanish-speaking learners is the result of extensive research carried out by our locally-based editorial team and is clearly evident in our ENGLISHFORSPANISHSPEAKERS editions This guarantees that the topics and activity types are relevant to Spanish-speaking learners of English, with a focus on areas of language which are typically problematic Extra support is also provided for teachers of Spanish speakers through detailed teaching notes and specifically-designed ideas for the classroom

The Cambridge English Corpus is a multi-billion word collection of written and spoken English It includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, a unique bank of exam candidate papers Our authors study the Corpus to see how English is really used, and to identify typical learner mistakes We use this system to identify which words, grammar patterns or language structures cause the most problems for Spanish-speaking students learning English As a result, ENGLISHFORSPANISHSPEAKERS editions are able to confidently address the common mistakes that Spanish-speaking learners make, and give extra practice and tips to avoid these typical errors.

www.cambridge.org/elt/ess

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© Cambridge University Press 2015This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press.

First published 2015Legal deposit: M-7144-2015Printed in Spain

978-84-9036-807-7 Workbook 2 with downloadable audio 978-84-9036-806-0 Student’s Book 2 with Common Mistakes at Bachillerato Booklet 978-84-9036-808-4 Teacher’s Book 2

978-84-9036-809-1 Class Audio CDs 2 978-84-9036-810-7 Teacher’s Resource Disc 2 978-84-9036-811-4 Teacher’s DVD with Activity Booklet 978-84-9036-813-8 PAU Test Generator

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Workbook 2

Contents

Unit 1Getting away from it all

5 What is the capital of Armenia?

1 Where is the Angkor Wat Temple?

Then check you know where you’re going and what you’re doing!

4 Which countries are the Iguazu Falls in?

a Venezuela and Colombia

bBrazil and Argentina

c Chile and Argentina

04 unit 1 getting away from it all

getting away from it all unit 1 05

1Unit

PV3 Complete the text with adjectives from Exercise 2

Khao Sok National Park

Why not try our four-day beach and jungle safari?We offer accommodation in a

bamboo over an open fire!Switch off your phone and allow the ancient ruins

you back in time.Why not go for a walk? Choose the

Take a canoe trip down the river and admire the

and trees all around you.In the evenings, sit back, relax and enjoy the

your terrace.

4 Complete the adverts with the words from the box

1 the world with our one-year ticket Available now; student rates apply

2 Choose our four-week cruise and your will be plain sailing!

3 Do a city with a local guide and discover lots of hidden gems

4 Fancy a down memory lane? Let us take you back to the sights and sounds of your childhood

5 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from the box

1 Let’s this holiday website

2 for snakes and spiders in the vegetation

3 Those views me to my childhood I spent every summer climbing mountains

4 The local dishes were so good that we got a bit

and ate too much!

5 Why don’t we ask Toni to come with us to the numbers?

tour travel trip voyage

carried away check out make up take backwatch out

1 Complete the dialogue with the words from the box

A: So, how was your holiday in Belize?B: It was amazing

A: What was your 1 like?B: It was OK, pretty basic, but very clean.A: Did you do any day trips?

B: Yes I went to see a 2 I got very wet but it was worth the four-hour 3 ! The

4 on the journey was spectacular too.A: Cool! Did you go to a rainforest?

B: I did! I went on a trip called ‘Flora and 5 The tropical 6 was incredible and I saw some really cool birds and animals

A: What about the food? B: Well, I had the chance to buy some fresh fruit in a food

7 It was delicious! In the evenings, our host cooked us 8 They were incredible!A: What about the 9 out there?

B: They are beautiful with white sand and blue sea The water was so clear – a fantastic trip

2 Choose the correct adjective for each noun

1 mouth-watering / luxury / breathtaking views

2 colourful / unspoilt / picturesque birds

3 breathtaking / exotic / luxury vegetation

4 lush / breathtaking / mouth-watering rainforest

5 unspoilt / luxury / scenic safari tent

6 breathtaking / lush / mouth-watering local dishes

7 picturesque / scenic / luxury setting

8 lush / scenic / exotic route

9 colourful / mouth-watering / unspoilt beachaccommodation beaches bus ride faunalocal dishes market scenery vegetation waterfall

Travel

06 unit 1 getting away from it all

1 Look at the photos and the title of the text What do you think the text is about?

2 Read the text and answer the questions in your own words

4 What can the problem be with air travel?

5 What are the advantages of social media during an event like this?

3 Choose the best answer Only ONE answer is possible

1 Jailbreak takes place …

a all over the world

b in certain parts of Europe

c in certain parts of the UK

3 Participating in a fancy-dress costume can be …

a advisable in certain circumstances

b good in cold weather

c uncomfortable and stressful

d expensive and stressful

4 During the event, universities …

a use special devices to monitor the location of teams

b have no idea where the teams are

c sometimes call the emergency services

d only monitor a team’s location for the first few hours

4 Find words or phrases in the text that match the definitions

1 a safe, dry place to stay when you don’t have your own home (n, paragraph 1)

2 start a journey (v, paragraph 2)

3 to persuade someone in a clever way to help you do something (v, paragraph 2)

4 at the bottom of (ph, paragraph 3)

5 made from a soft material that is like the hair of some animals (adj, paragraph 4)

6 to follow a person’s movements often electronically (v, paragraph 5)

7 collecting the power of something to help you (v, paragraph 6)

Exam focus: rewriting sentences in your own words

5 Rewrite these sentences from the text in your own words

1 Hitch-hiking, therefore, has become one of the more popular ways for students to get about, but it can be dangerous

2 Some students like to dress up

6 Answer the questions so they are true for you.

1 What do you think of the idea of Jailbreak?

2 Is there a similar event for university students in your country?

3 Would you like to take part in an event like this? Why? / Why not?

getting away from it all unit 1 07

We want to break free …

Jailbreak is one of the biggest university charity projects in the UK It aims to raise as much money as possible for different charities These include providing food and shelter for homeless people, clinics and equipment for medical charities and clean water in developing countries.

Every year, teams of enthusiastic and adventurous students from all over the UK and Ireland set off on a 36-hour journey to blag, beg or busk their way somewhere! They don’t know where it will end but they know they have to get as far away from their university as possible and they can’t spend any money on travel or transport Before they leave the UK, students are given practical advice and tips on how to stay safe but have fun Check out our top tips below!

Here’s how to succeed and maybe even win Jailbreak The first and most important thing to remember is a valid passport A phone charger is also an essential item because you never know when you might need your mobile Don’t get carried away with your packing! A small suitcase or bag with just a few clothes is usually enough However, students

are advised to take different types of clothes because they don’t know if they’ll end up on an exotic beach or at the foot of snow-covered mountains!

Some students like to dress up While this can be a good idea and it will certainly attract the attention of passing drivers, it’s not always advisable to travel in a fancy-dress costume Think hot and stressed and running to catch a train in a furry outfit! Catching people’s attention is definitely a great way to help you get further on your journey but rather than a fancy-dress costume, more sensible students take a small whiteboard with one short sentence on it explaining what they’re doing.

Once, you’ve packed your bags, it’s time to think about how you’re going to get to your destination Free bus and train rides and hitch-

hiking are easier than travelling by plane because a lot of airlines won’t give free tickets, even for charity Hitch-hiking therefore has become one of the more popular ways for students to get about As it can be dangerous, students always travel in a team and some universities don’t allow all-girl teams Each team also has an emergency number to contact someone back at their university and universities track all the teams throughout the event.

Harnessing the power of social media is a great way to raise even more money through live blogging and vlogging Students add a sponsorship or donation link on their

blog page and celebrities and sponsors sometimes give money and donations increase It doesn’t always work but during one Jailbreak a celebrity actually paid for a team from Dublin to fly back home from Argentina!

Blagging their way through the 36 hours works well for a lot of students Don’t worry if blagging isn’t your style, you probably just need to find a little bit more confidence than usual That self-confidence has got teams as far as Australia, Argentina and Thailand and one team even managed to get flights to Dubai Where will next year’s winner end up? Watch this space …

Present and imperative

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

birds! (be / not disturb)

2 My parents on holiday every year (not go)

during the day It’s much better (not get / fly)

4 Sam in Bristol this year

right now! (not live / travel)

(the price of the tour, include)

moment? (the piranhas, swim)

2 Choose the best answers to complete the text

Every year, my grandparents 1 on holiday in March At the moment, they 2 in a boat on the River Nile because they 3 a seven-day Nile Cruise I 4 a photo of the boat It looks amazing! The passengers 5 on the boat all the time during the day, but they always 6 on board to eat in the evenings They 7 the Pyramids already and they

8 some nice souvenirs in a local market They

9 themselves so much they 10 to come home!

1 a are going b go c have been

2 a ’re sitting b have sat c sit

3 a do b have done c ’re doing

4 a ’ve seen b see c ’m seeing

5 a aren’t staying b don’t stay c haven’t stayed

6 a are going back b have gone back c go back

7 a ’re visiting b visit c ’ve visited

8 a ’re buying b ’ve bought c buy

9 a ’re enjoying b enjoy c ’ve enjoyed

10 a aren’t wanting b haven’t wanted c don’t want

Present perfect continuous

3 Complete the sentences with the present perfect continuous form of the verbs in brackets

1 We (travel) for five hours

2 They (not work) there for long They started last month

guide for the past month

4 Where (you, stay) in Italy since you arrived?

German lately

4 Write sentences using the prompts and present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous

1 you / ever / swim / with / dolphins / ?

2 Greg / travel / since / January /

3 my parents / not go / abroad / for / ages /

4 how long / you / stay / in this / luxury / hotel / ?

5 we / use / this / airline / before /

6 you / check out / the prices / for accommodation / yet / ?

5 Complete the sentences so they are true for you

1 For the last hour, I’ve

2 We didn’t ever go / weren’t ever going / hadn’t ever been

to Asia until last year

3 While I did / was doing / had done my gap year, I spent / was spending / had spent some time in Nepal.

4 Luckily, I took / was taking / had taken my malaria tablets before I started / was starting / had started the

five-day jungle trek

5 They didn’t see / weren’t seeing / hadn’t seen any bats when they visited / were visiting / had visited the caves.

Tense review

08 unit 1 getting away from it all getting away from it all unit 1 09

1Unit

7 Complete the text with the past simple, past continuous or past perfect form of the verbs from the box

guide in Oxford last summer I almost

days! On the second day I

I 4 half an hour late for

tablet

my tour notes on it I 7

important facts and dates As I

of the information my boss

8 Answer the questions so they are true for you

1 When was the last time you organised a holiday or a trip away?

2 Where did you go on your last trip away?

3 Who did you go away with?

4 What was the best thing about the trip?

5 What was the worst thing about the trip?

arrive forget leave lose not have not hearsee start take back try walk work

Future

9 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I in New York next year I’ve booked a fl ight!

a ’ll live b ’m going to live c ’m living

2 We’re sure you these mouth-watering dishes

a ’re enjoying b ’re going to enjoy c ’ll enjoy

3 By this time tomorrow, we down the river in a boat

a ’ll be sailing b ’re sailing c ’ll sail

4 I can’t stand this miserable weather I a holiday in the sun tonight!

a ’ll book b ’m booking c ’m going to

book

5 We anything later Do you fancy coming round?

a won’t do b ’re not doing c aren’t going to

do

6 Do you think space travel possible one day in the future?

a will be b is going to be c will be being

10 Complete the dialogue with the correct future form of the verbs in brackets

summer?

supermarket all year to save up so I can go travelling.Lisa: Really?

Craig: Yes! I’ve booked my ticket

Craig: On 2 January, Australia here I come!Lisa: Cool!

Craig: I know! I think I 4

(stop) in Singapore for a few nights on the way It

chance to go to the outback while you’re there?

a job out there so that I can do more travelling This time next year, I 8 (speak) with an Australian accent

Lisa: I can’t imagine that happening!

11 Complete the sentences with your own ideas Use the tenses in brackets

10 unit 1 getting away from it all getting away from it all unit 1 11

Listening and Speaking

1 1 You are going to hear Dan and Louisa

talking about the time Dan spent in Colombia Listen and answer the questions

1 Why was Dan in Colombia?

2 How long did he spend there?

2 2 Listen to the complete conversation Choose

the best answers for sentences 1–5

1 Dan and Louisa are …

a travelling around Colombia together

b in Bogotá

c on a beach on the Caribbean coast of Colombia

d back at university now

2 In Cartagena, there were …

a picturesque waterfalls and busy beaches

b unspoilt beaches and breathtaking scenery

c unspoilt beaches and exotic vegetation

d mouth-watering local dishes and busy beaches

3 The bus to the salt mines leaves from …

a the bus station in Bogotá

b a bus stop near the main square

c the main street in Bogotá

d the main square in Bogotá

4 When Dan got off the bus in Zipaquirá, he …

a found the salt mines easily

b couldn’t find the salt mines

c found the salt mines eventually

d saw signs for the mines immediately

5 On the way back, Dan sat beside …

a an old couple

b a couple of chickens

c no one

d an interesting couple

3 2 Listen again and complete the sentences

Write no more than three words

1 Bogotá is a pretty city

2 Dan did to the salt mines because they’re only about 50 km from Bogotá

3 In Zipaquirá, the bus dropped Dan in

and headed off

4 One of the best things to go and see in Bogotá is

Idioms

4 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 Where do you go when you want to get away from

the beaten track / it all?

2 Which places have you visited off the beaten track / in the blink of an eye?

3 Have you ever got away from it all / up close and personal with a wild animal?

4 The holiday was over in the blink of an eye / up close and personal.

to hear that Which tour was it?Tourist: It was the city bike tour

know, for two people, but there weren’t any left.Tour operator: I see Were you offered an alternative?Tourist: Yes, he offered me two single bikes and he asked me to pay an extra £10 I didn’t like 4

Then after 30 minutes one of them broke

Tour operator: Well, let me see … 7

a credit note.Tourist: No thank you I don’t want to do another bike

Tour operator: Of course, I can arrange that Have you got

6 3 Listen to the dialogue and practise saying

both parts

a tandem bike online accept my apologies have my money back his attitude at all I can give youI’ll organise a refund I’m sorry not good enoughthe receipt was the problem

A traveller’s story

Vocabulary

Transport

1 Choose the odd word out in the sentences

1 In 2012, Matt Green started trying to walk every street in New York City

He’s doing it all on foot / by walking / by sea and

he’s still walking!

2 It was a four-year journey for Graham Hughes to visit every country in the world without using an

aeroplane He didn’t travel by air / by rail / by plane at all.

3 In 2011 and 2012, Daniel Tunnard took all 140 bus lines in Buenos Aires!

He travelled by car / by road / by bus for about 400

hours in total!

4 He’s now taking all the trains in Argentina

He’s definitely going to travel by train / by rail / by horse a lot!

5 In October 2013, Ed Bolian drove his car across the USA from east to west in 28 hours 50 minutes

He did it by car / by road / by train.

6 In 2011, Tracy Delp rode across the USA on horseback

She travelled by rail / on horseback / by horse.

2 Complete the text with the correct words from the box

Jason Lewis is a British adventurer He’s also the first person to travel round the world … using only human power!

He left London in 1994 and he travelled by

1 cycling through France, Spain and Portugal He then travelled by

2 in a boat called Moksha for 11 days until he reached the east coast of the USA While he was travelling by

3 on rollerblades across North America, a car hit him and broke both his legs After a nine-month recovery, he set off again travelling by 4 across the Pacific Ocean He arrived in Hawaii and crossed Hawaii on 5 Then it was back in a boat again until he reached Australia Again, he got on his bike and went by 6 through the outback In 2005, he travelled by 7

again, this time a kayak, to Singapore before he got back on his bike He then reached the Himalayas by

8 Thirteen years later he reached London, he hadn’t travelled on 9 or by

10 during that time!

air bike boat (x2) foot horseback road (x2) sea walking

1Unit

Ways of travelling

Directions

3 Put the letters in order to complete the sentences with the direction words

1 We’re not reversing Please drive dofrawr

2 Heading treaswdw from London, you will eventually reach Cardiff in Wales

3 You need to move this in an wurpda

direction to make the balloon rise

4 Looking seawadtr you can see the river and the mountains

5 It’s better to go andiln for more picturesque views

6 If you head horndrawt from here, you will be in Glasgow in two hours

Public transport

4 Complete the definitions with the words from the box

1 a vehicle that travels regularly between two places

2 only travelling in one direction

3 in more than one country

4 without stopping or changing direction

5 the most expensive way to travel on a plane or a train

6 without stopping

5 Rewrite the sentences by replacing the underlined phrases with words from Exercise 4 Make any necessary changes

1 I want to travel in the most expensive way

2 Is this the departure area for flights to more than one country?

3 I want to go to Edinburgh without stopping or changing direction

4 Is this a train that stops or changes directions?

5 There is a regular service every two minutes to the main terminal

6 We’d like a ticket just to go there

direct first-class internationalnon-stop single shuttle

12 unit 1 getting away from it all

Writing

1 Read the essay and answer the questions.

1 Who is Arunima Sinha?

2 What happened to her in 2011?

A person I really admire

by Poppy Jackson

A I really admire Arunima Sinha from India She is the first amputee woman to climb Mount Everest

B She used to be a national volleyball player for her country, but in 2011 a group of robbers threw her off a train and her leg was badly injured Despite trying to save her left leg, surgeons had to amputate it below the knee Arunima decided to turn her awful experience into something positive

C Her aim was to climb to the snow-capped summit of Mount Everest despite having only one leg She took her time but with the help of experienced guides and in spite of concerns about her safety during the long, slow climb, Arunima succeeded It took her 52 days

D Although she isn’t a famous TV personality or a celebrity, I think she’s a very brave, courageous and inspirational woman

2 In which paragraphs do you find the following information?

1 Summary of what you have discussed

2 How she reached her goals

3 More information about the person

4 Introduction to the topic

3 Find adjectives in the essay to describe the following:

1 the type of volleyball player Arunima was

2 Arunima’s experience in 2011

3 the summit of Mount Everest

4 the guides on her climb

5 the climb itself ,

4 The food looked delicious it tasted awful

5 we were exhausted after the ten-hour bus ride, we didn’t go to bed immediately

6 of their injuries, the trekkers made it to the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro

although but despite in spite

A descriptive essay

Write!

5 Write a descriptive essay (100–150 words) about a person you admire who has done something amazing despite difficult circumstances Use the steps below to help you

Plan and Write!

1 Get ideas: choose a person you admire, think of their life events and write down your ideas

2 Organise your ideas to write a first draft.

3 Review your writing

4 Write a final draft.

1 Choose the odd words out in the sentences

1 The picturesque / breathtaking / mouth-watering

scenery around us was incredible

2 They bought all their souvenirs from a local / lush / colourful market.

3 We ate some breathtaking / mouth-watering / exotic

dishes while we were travelling in Asia

4 We saw exotic / colourful / scenic fauna on our day trip

in the rainforest, especially the birds!

5 The luxury / local / mouth-watering accommodation was

incredible and was worth every penny!

Ways of travelling

2 Complete the text with the words from the box.

In 2010, when a volcano erupted in Iceland it caused travel chaos all over the world The Smith family was on holiday in Israel at the time They left Israel by

1 and flew to Madrid They hired a car there and travelled by road 2 (continuously) for 1629 km They drove 3 in the direction of Calais in France Their journey 4 took them 10½ hours They then went 5 across the English Channel In Dover, they went to the train station and travelled 6 as far as London because they couldn’t get a 7 train 8

to their home in Bristol They then travelled by train again until they got home They definitely didn’t travel

9 because it was so expensive They arrived home three days after they had left Israel!

Present and imperative

3 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences.

1 If you like mouthwatering food, eat / you are eating / you have eaten in a local food market

2 Alex lives / is living / has lived in Chile for years Why

don’t you get in touch with him?

3 We book / ’re booking / ’ve booked our single ticket

to Australia now!

4 I never travel / ’m never travelling / ’ve never travelled

in Asia What’s it like?

5 They always go / are going / have gone by car for their

three-week summer holiday

by air by boat by rail direct first class non-stopnorthwards overland plane westward

Past

4 Complete the text with the correct past form of the verbs in brackets

my way home from college last week when I

phone on the seat beside me It

pocket or bag Suddenly, a text

1 This time tomorrow, I (pack) my suitcase for my holiday

2 Do you think first-class travel

(cost) less in the future?

3 (he, travel) across the USA next summer?

4 I (cook) a Thai meal tonight Can you come and help me eat it?

5 They have the visas They (move) to New Zealand

6 What (you, do) this time next week?

Signposts in writing

6 Complete the text with the signposts from the box.

1 I was nervous before I started my gap year, I knew it was the right thing to do 2

my initial fears, I’m now half way through my year in Bogotá and it’s amazing! I don’t travel northwards on the bus on my own at night, 3 that’s OK I’ve visited some amazing places like the Caribbean coast and the Salt Mines in Zipiquirá 4 of the scary bus journeys, I’ve arrived back safe and sound each time!

although but despite in spite

13

getting away from it all unit 1

14 unit 2 going up in smoke

Unit 2Going up in smoke

Answer the quiz questions Then check your answers below

c the Pacific Ocean

5 Chico Mendes was a Brazilian environmentalist He fought …

a for the rights of his fellow rubber tree workers

b to stop roads being built in the Amazon

c to save the Amazon rainforest

6 The Lehmann’s poison frog lives in the rainforests in western Colombia The biggest threats to its survival are …

a agricultural development, pollution and humans

b traffic and air pollution

c a lack of water and trees

going up in smoke unit 2 15

2Unit

PV4 Choose best answers for the definitions

1 carbon dioxide causes environmental problems

a solar panels b greenhouse gases c deforestation

2 a place where electricity is produced

a power station b global warming c solar power

3 a substance that is not a liquid or a solid and is like air

a gas b solar power c electricity

4 gas, coal and oil formed from dead plants or animals are examples of these

a solar power b fossil fuels c deforestation

5 Complete the dialogue with the words from the box

Nina: Me too! I think we could do more.Jack: I know Last week I read that more than 150 species become extinct every day because of 3 Nina: That’s awful What can we do?

Jack: Well, for a start we could turn off our gadgets at night and use less 4 at home Maybe

the government could help pay for 5

on everyone’s houses Then we would all

6 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I never bang out / off / up emails

2 My mobile phone contract eats off / up / for a lot of my

6 You should go out / for / around the role of college

environmental representative this year

climate change deforestation electricity global warming packaging renewable energysolar panels solar power waste

1 Put the letters in order to complete the sentences

1 Venezuela produces a lot of ilo

2 How much trecyitelic do you think you use each week?

3 Oxygen is a sag that humans and plants need to survive

4 Plastic packaging produces a lot of sewat

5 fatterinodoes is causing problems for the rainforests

6 My grandparents installed losra spalne

last year on their roof

7 If we use fewer fossil fuels, we can all help reduce

2 Choose the best answers to complete the text

Stop and think!

We’re all keen to reduce 1 global warming / solar panels but what are we really doing to make

a difference? We could all reduce our

2 pollution / waste and recycle more Try using less

3 deforestation / electricity and turn off our TVs,

computers or phones at night

4 Solar panels / Wind turbines are expensive but they

might be an option for more households in sunny countries in a few years 5 Pollution / Electricity is

increasing the amount of carbon dioxide 6 gas / oil and

the amount of oxygen is decreasing because of

7 wind turbines / deforestation Plant a tree, walk, cycle

or use public transport to help Come on, let’s work together and make a difference!

3 Complete the newspaper headlines with the correct words

1 Water p increasing as population

continues to grow

2 Positive effect of w t in the

fight to save the environment

3 Evidence shows d is causing

4 Government to provide money to help install

5 Increased energy produced by s p in Mediterranean countries

6 Electricity p s to be closed for improvements

Environmental problems

16 unit 2 going up in smoke

1 Read the first paragraph of the text quickly and answer the questions

1 Where is the Salar de Uyuni?

2 What is the Salar de Uyuni?

3 What is one of the properties of lithium?

2 Read the text again and choose the best answer Only ONE answer is possible

1 The author wrote the article to …

a inform

b entertain

c present data

2 In the last five years, the price of lithium …

a has more or less stayed the same

b is 100 times more than it used to be

c is almost ten times more than it used to be

3 At the moment, lithium is mainly used in …

a hybrid cars

b modern-day gadgets

c electric vehicles

4 Extracting the lithium in Bolivia is likely to …

a cost the local people a lot of money

b have a small impact on the wildlife in the area

c have a big impact on the local people and the wildlife

5 In Chile, mining lithium has led to …

a the death of local people and wildlife

b the disappearance of animals and problems with the water

c more lithium plants being built

3 Look at the underlined words or phrases in the text Match them with the definitions

1 using petrol and another type of energy to power something

2 happening each year

3 unconscious and in a dream-like state

4 to give the same amount of importance to more than one thing

5 changes from a liquid into a gas

6 equipment or goods that can be used

7 unusual or special; like nothing else

Exam focus: true and false questions

4 Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)? Use the exact words from the text to justify your answer

1 Lithium could provide a renewable energy source in the future

2 Hybrid and electric cars require the same amount of lithium to power them as a mobile phone needs

3 Extracting lithium is fairly easy and does not require any investment

4 Chile has been extracting lithium on a large scale

5 Answer the questions in your own words

1 How much of the world’s lithium is in Bolivia’s salt flats?

2 What are the stages in the extraction of lithium from the ground?

3 What evidence does Bolivia have of the negative effects of lithium mining?

4 Why is the author of the article not happy about extracting the lithium from the Bolivian salt flats?

6 Answer the questions so they are true for you

1 In what ways do you protect the environment?

2 How do you think your town/city could do more to protect the environment?

3 What is the biggest threat to the environment in your opinion? Why?

In the south of Bolivia, you’ll come across the world’s largest salt desert A stunning and hypnotic place, the Salar de Uyuni is approximately 11,000 square kilometres and hidden beneath these salt flats is one of Bolivia’s richest resources: lithium The lithium in Bolivia makes up almost half of the total supply of lithium in the world and just below the salt there are 5.4 million tonnes of the lightest metal on Earth

There is an increasing global demand for lithium and, over the last five years, prices have risen from $350 per tonne to $3,000 per tonne Lithium powers the batteries in most of the gadgets we use today,

but it can also power the batteries in hybrid and electric cars With more than 60 million cars being produced annually, manufacturers know that hybrid and electric cars are the way forward for the planet and lithium could be the green renewable energy fuel of the future There would be less pollution which would have a positive impact on global warming However, they need significantly more lithium than mobile phones One car battery requires 30 kilos of lithium.

Bolivia, therefore, is looking at ways to invest in a plant to extract

the lithium from beneath the salt flats However, it is an expensive process and requires a lot of financial investment and it could cause serious problems for not only the local Aymara people but also the unique ecosystem that currently lives there In order to extract the lithium, mines and production plants have to be built for this complex process When it is first taken out of the ground by the machinery, lithium looks like dirty, muddy water Once it has dried in the heat of the desert sun, the water evaporates and the lithium appears as a thick oily liquid

The Bolivian government is trying to balance the needs of the local people and the country’s economy and get around some of the more serious issues

associated with lithium extraction The current president wants the salt flats to remain as they are and has put off accepting offers of investments

from international companies to set up lithium plants Bolivia has also witnessed how lithium mining can destroy parts of a country: in its neighbour, Chile In parts of Chile’s Atacama Desert, where lithium mining takes place, there are now no animals and there are serious issues with water pollution Bolivia is only too aware that extracting lithium on a large scale could cause serious damage to the landscape here, it could put extra pressure on water supplies which may in turn lead to a lack of water for the local people

It’s clear that lithium could change the future of Bolivia and many people feel that the destruction of this area of land is a small price to pay to help the greater global warming

issues But is it a good idea to destroy this incredible

environment and stunning landscape just to find a short-term solution for these environmental issues? Surely, there must be a greener way …

Salar de Uyuni

Salar de Uyuni Bolivia.

going up in smoke unit 2 17

18 unit 2 going up in smoke

Can, could, be able to

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form of can or be able to.

1 Excuse me I open the window, please? It’s very hot in here

2 In the future, we use plastic bags

3 You do the job easily! Why don’t you go for it?

4 They install solar panels last summer They didn’t have enough money

5 Alex be on a plane He hates fl ying!

6 We watch the film last night because we weren’t 18

2 Are the sentences in Exercise 1 A (ability), PO (possibility) or P (permission)

3 Complete the blog post with a modal verb from the box

allowed to be able to can can’t couldcould have manage to was able to

Must, have to, should, need

4 Put the words in order to form sentences

1 go / car / you / by / mustn’t /

2 should / gadgets / we / old / recycle / our /

3 switch / night / laptop / I / at / must / off / my /

4 to / don’t / tomorrow / to / I / school / have / go /

5 go / talk / needn’t / environmental / the / we / to /

5 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 You install solar panels, but it’s a good idea

a must b mustn’t c don’t have to

2 You use plastic bags They’re bad for the environment

a shouldn’t b have to c mustn’t

3 We do something about air pollution soon It’s getting worse

a don’t have to b must c needn’t

4 You put that cardboard box in there Put it in a recycling bin!

a mustn’t b have to c need to

5 I’m sorry I leave now Can you email me the information tomorrow?

a mustn’t b needn’t c have to

6 They worry about waste There isn’t any packaging

a must b needn’t c have to

6 Rewrite the sentences using should, shouldn’t, must, mustn’t, need, needn’t, have to or don’t have to.

1 We aren’t allowed to set up our page on the school website

4 set up a group at school to take action! I just hope I 5 get enough volunteers I 6 ask some of the younger students but I don’t know many of them Hopefully, we’ll 7 make a difference by working together

Maybe I 8 done something sooner, but I didn’t have enough time Better late than never …Global warming campaign

going up in smoke unit 2 19

2Unit

Must, might, could, may, can’t

7 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 Alex isn’t sure about tonight He come to the cinema but he’ll let us know later

a may not b could not c must not

2 The sun is shining and it’s a beautiful day You be cold!

a must b could c can’t

3 You be so happy now that you’ve passed your driving test

a must b can’t c might

4 I’m not sure what to do next year I go to university Maybe I’ll get a job

a might not b must c can’t

5 That be Jack over there but I’m not sure He looks diff erent

a must b can’t c could

6 We stop for a pizza on the way home We’ll see if there’s enough time

a must b may c can’t

8 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verb in brackets Make any other changes necessary

1 I’m sure global warming is getting worse (must)

2 Perhaps one day we’ll stop producing plastic bags (might)

3 I know they don’t have solar panels on their house (can’t)

4 Perhaps Stefan doesn’t want to recycle his old phone (may not)

5 It’s possible we’ll learn more about deforestation in geography next week (might)

6 Clara is likely to know the answer She’s good at this sort of thing (could)

9 Write deductions using the modal verbs in brackets and the ideas in the box or your own ideas

1 You find a large parcel with your name on it outside your front door You aren’t expecting a delivery (might)

2 You hear a noise outside your window It’s 4 am (could)

3 Your new fl atmate buys a huge TV and some expensive speakers for the living room (must)

4 You think you see your cousin but she’s on holiday (can’t)

5 You can’t find your phone It isn’t in the house (may)

10 Complete the dialogue with the perfect modals and the correct form of the verbs in brackets

use) a plastic bag for your shopping You

2 (could / borrow) my

bag B: Sorry I didn’t have one with me!A: You 3 (could / ask) me B: All right Calm down!

increase) our carbon footprint with a plastic bag.B: You 5 (should / tell) me that before I bought the shopping

A: Maybe next time …

11 Rewrite the sentences using a perfect modal from the box Sometimes more than one modal is possible

1 It’s impossible that you saw Melissa She’s in Ecuador!

2 I texted Amelia but it wasn’t necessary because she’s here now!

3 Perhaps Jack thought we were getting the bus

4 I’m sure Eliza told her parents about Josh’s party

5 It wasn’t necessary for you to buy a new laptop

a cat a lot of money an early birthday presentin your locker at school on holiday

can’t could might must needn’t shouldn’t

going up in smoke unit 2 19

20 unit 2 going up in smoke going up in smoke unit 2 21

Listening and Speaking

1 You are going to hear two friends, Katie and Joe, doing a quiz about how green they are Tick the words you think you will hear

2 4 Listen to the conversation and match the

topics with the questions in the quiz One topic is NOT needed

a buying new clothes

b central heating

c cleaning your teeth

d getting to school/college

e going to the supermarket

f recycling birthday cards and wrapping paper

b less than 20 years

c between 20 and 100 years

d hundreds of years

3 Joe thinks that turning off his laptop at night will …

a make his laptop last longer

b not have a huge impact on his electricity bills

c save him a lot of money each year

d affect the other appliances in his house

4 Katie tells Joe to … next time he’s feeling cold

a turn on the heating

b buy some new clothes

c wear a green jumper

d wear an extra jumper

Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6

Idioms

4 Correct the underlined idioms in the sentences

1 Fuel prices are likely to go through the ocean next year

2 All your hard work will go up in tide if you don’t pass your exams

3 There’s no indication that the roof is turning with regard to environmental action

4 Using plastic bags in just a drop in the smoke when you consider all the environmental problems

Having a discussion

5 Put the dialogue in order from 1–12 The first and last are in the correct place

Robbie: I think we should do more here at college to help

the environment What do you think? 1

Robbie: I don’t agree It could be done cheaply and easily I can look into that

Robbie: Exactly! We could also recycle waste food from the canteen every day

Ellie: Perhaps we need to talk to the principal and then the Student Council before we do any more

Robbie: Well, for a start there must be loads of us who get a lift every day or get the bus How about suggesting that we all walk or cycle one day a week?

Ellie: OK Why don’t we ask people to recycle their packaging more at lunch time or ask the canteen to sell sandwiches in paper bags, not plastic bags

Ellie: Good thinking! We could call it ‘Walk to College Day’

Ellie: I really don’t know, Robbie I’m not sure what would be best Have you got any ideas?

Robbie: You’re right I hadn’t thought of that See? Cheap and easy Great idea!

Ellie: I’m not sure that’s a good idea We may need more recycle bins That might be quite expensive to set up Robbie: That’s a good point Shall I email them now? Ellie: Go for it! 12

6 5 Listen to the dialogue and practise saying

both parts

A quiz

Vocabulary

1 Choose the best answers for the definitions

1 to move something from one place or one person to another

a present b transform c transplant

2 a study of a particular subject by students in detail over a period of time

a project b subject c product

3 to draw people or things towards you because you have good qualities

a object b attract c inject

4 to reduce in number

a decrease b increase c contract

5 something that is manufactured to be sold

a present b contract c product

6 to use a needle and put liquid into a person’s body

a reject b inject c extract

7 to change the appearance of a person or a thing so it looks better

a consent b transform c transfer

8 to introduce someone to an audience

a present b increase c conduct

2 Write the words in the box beside the root they have in common

1 What does your country pro e?

2 China’s biggest ex is oil

3 I’ve just got a new con for my Saturday job

4 I’m going to pre t our case to the headteacher and the Student Council

5 I think global warming will in over the next few years

6 Please don’t dis us while we do this experiment We need to concentrate

decrease transform consent educationattract introduce import transferextract incresase present airport

I had to spend hours working on my science

1 today because my tutor said I had to 2 the word count because it was too short Chemistry is such a difficult

3 for me I am really struggling I’ve then got to 4 the key information because I have to 5 it to my tutor group tomorrow and I have to 6 a summary sheet and a handout for everyone! I’m going to be up all night  My tutor also wants a written 7 on how I did all the research ready for first thing tomorrow morning too Honestly! I know a good 8 is essential for a better future but I 9

to having to do so much work in one night!

5 Complete the headlines with the correct roots

1 Airport chaos as all atlantic fl ights cancelled from London today

2 Consumers ob to sudden price in

3 The actor, Bradley Cooper, to intro e this year’s film awards

4 School’s minister focuses on secondary e ation in talk to headteachers

5 Football fer deadline closes at midnight tonight Who will your club choose?

6 Complete the words in the questions Then answer the questions so they are true for you

1 What is the nearest air to your house?

2 Which actor at s you?

3 What is the best birthday pre t you’ve ever had?

4 How often do you use public port?

education extract increase object presentproduce project report subject

22 unit 2 going up in smoke

Writing

1 Read the essay Choose the best title

a Air pollution: act now before it’s too late

b The environment: everyone’s responsibility

c Global warming: the big problem

d Solar panels: the answer to everything

2 In which paragraph can you find the following information?

1 The writer’s conclusion

2 Student responsibility and positive action

3 The introduction to the topic

4 How parents can help with the problem

3 Put the parts of an essay in the correct order

a First point the writer makes

b Conclusion

c General introduction

d Second point the writer makes

4 Complete the text with the correct signposts from the box

In my opinion, countries that produce a lot of waste should be punished 1

governments could set a limit on the amount of waste that can be collected from a home 2

if a country fails to meet their targets they should pay a fine 3

households should have to pay for their rubbish to be

is being done at a high level to stop the problems in the environment

First of all In addition In conclusion Secondly

An opinion essay

A In my opinion, we are all responsible for protecting the environment It is not just something that governments should be taking action on

B First of all, I think parents could encourage children more to do simple things to save energy like turning off lights when they leave a room It’s also easy to remind someone to turn off appliances and gadgets

C Secondly, I feel that schools could do more to teach students about being responsible citizens Schools should have an eco-group where students could really do something about environmental issues In addition, there are practical steps that students can take to make a difference For example, not buying bottled water!

D In conclusion, I feel that we all need to be more aware of our own responsibilities andtogether we can make a difference

Write!

5 Write an opinion essay (100–150 words) on one of the topics or choose your own topic Use the steps below to help you

• Ban cars from city centres and stop air pollution

• Car manufacturers should only produce hybrid cars

• Global warming can never be stopped

• Renewable energy is the way forward

• Chemicals and pesticides are the main causes of water pollution

Plan and Write!

1 Get ideas: choose your topic and write down your ideas

2 Organise your ideas to write a first draft.

3 Review your writing

4 Write a final draft.

2 Choose the best answers to complete the words

1 How can I fer my money online?

a plant b trans c port

2 In my opinion, the use of solar panels will in in the future

a crease b sen c tract

3 Banning plastic bags is a difficult sub to deal with

a tract b duc c ject

4 This new pro t is great and it saves a lot of energy

a duc b tract c crease

5 late this email now!

a Tract b Sen c Trans

Ability, possibility, obligation, advice

3 Rewrite the sentences using the modal verbs in brackets

1 It is essential that all students recycle their rubbish (must)

2 It’s advisable to use public transport (should)

3 It was necessary for me to use a plastic bag at the supermarket yesterday (had to)

4 I will have the ability to talk for two minutes on that subject (be able to)

5 It’s not necessary for you to tell Alice about this conversation (needn’t)

6 It is against the law to dump e-waste here (mustn’t)

Deductive possibility

4 Choose the best answers to complete the dialogues

1 A: Benji isn’t usually late I wonder where he is.B: He may have / should have forgotten perhaps.

2 A: Oh dear! That car has just hit the cyclist B: The driver of the car must have / can’t have seen the

class last year

5 A: Your phone has just buzzed.B: It can’t have / could have been a text from Toni He

wanted to know where we were

6 A: I think Sophie is upset with me after I sent her that email

B: You should have / shouldn’t have banged it out to her

so quickly then

Signposts in writing

5 Choose the correct signposts to complete the text.In my opinion, people do not understand the problem of water pollution 1 In addition, / First of all, / Secondly,

the problem is only going to get worse as the population increases 2 In conclusion, / In addition, / First of all, the

issue of water pollution is caused by humans

3 In conclusion, / First of all, / Secondly, people must

be aware of the different ways that they can help stop water pollution They should stop throwing away their plastic bags and bottles Recycling is simple and it really can help 4 In addition, / In conclusion, / Secondly, water

pollution is everyone’s problem and if we work together we can make the situation better

23

going up in smoke unit 2

24 unit 3 you are what you eat

Unit 3You are what you eat

Answer the quiz questions Then check your answers below.You are what you eat or are you?

ld’s largest producer of gar

lic It produces

more than 75% of the world

’s garlic.

3

False There are about 105 calories in an average siz

the liver, boosts your immune syst

em and helps you lose weight

6

False Americans and A

ustralians consume over 13 litres of ice

cream per person ever

y year.

Lemons are one of the healthiest fruits you can eat

Greece is the world’s largest producer of garlic.

TrueORFalse?

1

2

you are what you eat unit 3 25

3Unit

PV4 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I think I’ve got I ate too quickly What can I do?

a an eye infection b sick c stomach ache

2 I am so sorry I apologise from

a the bottom of my heart

b the heart of the matter c a heart attack

3 The hotel was fantastic and we had lots of home-cooked

a digestive systems b broken hearts c hearty meals

4 Nico feels I wonder if it’s something he ate

a sick b overweight

c stomach ache

5 Is the free in your country or do you have to pay?

a heart disease b health service

c digestive system

6 If you’ve got , you may need some antibiotics

a heart attack b a heart of gold

c an eye infection

5 Complete the text with the words and phrases from the box

Do you eat a 1 more than once a day? Do

you sometimes feel 2 after you’ve eaten?

Have you had problems with your 3 ? Then

sign up now for a free health check with your local

4 Did you know that being just a bit

5 can be a contributory factor to

6 ? Regular exercise and a healthy diet

can reduce the risk of a 7 We’ll make you

healthy on the inside and the outside!

8 , we’ll give you the best

advice and make sure we get right to

9 with any health

problems you might have Come along and find out what we can do for you!

6 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I’m going to pick / sign up for the gym next week.

2 It’s easy to grow / put on weight over the holidays.

3 My parents always lie / sit back and relax at the

weekend

4 Alex’s parents didn’t grow / live up in Spain

5 Don’t put / pick up any unhealthy eating habits there.

digestive system sick hand on heart health service heart attack heart diseasehearty meal overweight the heart of the matter

1 Match the words 1–7 with a–g

2 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 1

1 There aren’t enough nurses now because of cuts in the

2 Your eye looks very red and sore Do you think you’ve

3 I feel sick and I’ve got a I’m going home.

4 Stress and too much caff eine can lead to

5 A lot of children are because they don’t

do enough exercise

6 The is responsible for breaking down the

food we eat

7 The first signs of a can be pains in your arm.

3 Complete the sentences with expressions from the box

1 Sam’s so kind and generous He’s got a

Everyone loves him

2 , I am telling the truth.I would not lie about this

3 I think Lewis has got a Anya split up with him a few weeks ago

4 Thank you from the This is an amazing present

5 Wow! That looks like a You won’t need to eat again for a few days after that

6 Right, let’s get to the What are the main issues regarding your health?

7 You’re so I really appreciate the time you’ve spent with me

bottom of my heart broken heartgood-hearted hand on heart heart of goldheart of the matter hearty meal

Health

26 unit 3 you are what you eat

1 Look at the title, first paragraph and pictures What do you think the main idea of the text is?

2 Put the paragraph topics in the order they appear in the text

a a group run

b the advantages of Good Gym

c the coach run

d the benefits of running

e a mission run

f what is Good Gym

3 Find these words in the text What do they mean?

Exam focus: finding synonyms

4 Find synonyms for the following words and phrases in the text

1 action (paragraph 2)

2 started (paragraph 2)

3 continue (paragraph 3)

4 something that you only do once (paragraph 4)

5 cannot leave the house because you are sick or not physically able (paragraph 4)

6 single or without any other people (paragraph 5)

5 Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Use the exact words from the text to justify your answers

1 Running is only good if you want to lose weight

2 Ivo Gormley set up Good Gym because he got bored

going to his local gym

3 Runners choose how they want to be involved in Good Gym

4 A coach run means runners have to run with a coach

6 Choose the best answer according to the text Only ONE answer is possible

1 Regular exercise can have …

a the same effect as taking tablets

b a negative effect on a person’s mind

c little or no effect on a person’s weight

d a positive effect on a person’s physical and mental well-being

2 The Good Gym scheme is …

a available all over the UK

b only available in some parts of the UK at the moment

c an international running programme

d only available in certain UK gyms

3 Coach runs are better for people who like running …

a in groups

b with one other person

c on their own

d competitively

4 Good Gym is a good way for runners to …

a feel more enthusiastic about running again

b motivate other people

c boost their energy levels

d talk to running coaches and improve their fitness levels

7 Answer the questions so they are true for you

1 How much regular exercise do you take?

2 What do you think of the Good Gym concept?

3 What good deeds do you do each week?

27

Doctors often prescribe exercise these days instead of tablets and the positive impact of regular exercise on our physical and mental health and weight cannot be denied One cheap and easy form of exercise is running Overweight people trying to lose weight, those who are keen to get fit, people recovering from heart attacks or people who just want to stay healthy or not put on weight, often take up running It’s a quick, cheap and an easy way to stay healthy in body and mind.

In 2009, Ivo Gormley decided to take a slightly different approach to running He did a run and went to visit a friend who was unable to get out of the house much Ivo suddenly realised he had a great concept: run and do a good deed at the same time

So, he set up Good Gym for runners

to work with local health services, charities and community centres to combine regular exercise with good deeds There are currently schemes in London, Bristol and Liverpool If runners want to

get involved in Good Gym, they

can sign up for one of three different types of run: a group run, a mission ora coach run.

Group runs mean that you run with other people and then work with them too The responsibility for the good deeds does not just fall to one group of runners One

group of runners might start a job, for example, painting a room in a community centre If they spend 40 minutes on the job, they’re not likely to get the whole room painted That isn’t a problem because another group of runners will come along and carry on where the first group left off Easy!

If you prefer to be alone, then you could choose to do a ‘mission’ You do your run and then during or after it you do a one-off job like picking something up and delivering it to a person who is sick or housebound.

The third option is the ‘coach run’ The lone runner does a run but on the way stops and visits an older person – the coach The runner takes

a newspaper or a small gift to their coach, spends a bit of time chatting and sets off to run back home The idea behind this part of the scheme is that the coach motivates the runner and the runner provides much-needed company for the coach Runners don’t want to let their coaches down because they know their coach looks forward to their company It’s a win-win situation!

Good Gym not only makes people

feel good about themselves but it also makes other people feel good too It can provide an extra boost for runners who enjoy running but have lost a bit of motivation and find their running is getting a bit boring If your run has a purpose, then it’s much easier to motivate yourself to go out and do it So, come on, what are you waiting for? Go and put your running shoes on and do something good!

RUN FORYOUR LIFE

you are what you eat unit 3 27

1 If you vegetables, you won’t get enough

vitamins (not eat)

2 If I hadn’t gone on the boat trip, I seasick

7 If you want to get to the heart of the matter, you

with a person’s diet (start)

8 If you drank more water, you headaches

Mixed conditionals

4 Complete the mixed conditional sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets

1 If I didn’t feel ill today, I (come) with you.

2 If you (go) to the doctor sooner,

you would feel better now

3 If your uncle does exercise, why he

(have) heart problems?

4 If you hadn’t eaten that undercooked chicken, you

(not feel) ill now.

5 If she wasn’t on a diet, she (eat) a hearty

meal and not a salad

6 If we weren’t vegetarians, we (not like)

the restaurant

5 Match the sentence beginnings 1–6 with the endings a–f

1 If I could choose what to eat, …

2 We might need to do some training …

3 My grandad may not have had a heart attack …

4 You should take some extra vitamins …

5 If we can find a cheap gym, …

6 I might panic if …

a if he had eaten healthier food

b then we’ll definitely sign up for it

c if we want to run a marathon

d someone had a heart attack near me

e I’d have chocolate every day!

f if you don’t want to be ill during the winter

6 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I might go on a diet if I weight during the holidays

a will put on b would have put on

c put on

2 If you the antibiotics, you should feel better by now

a will take b had taken c would have taken

3 If we exercise more regularly then we might feel more energetic

a do b will do c would have done

4 You should eat more fruit if you to feel healthier

a will want b want c had wanted

5 If you me about your health problems, I could have helped you

a tell b will tell c had told

6 If we a running club in the area, then we’ll sign up for it

a can find b may find c should find

Conditional possibility

you are what you eat unit 3 29

3Unit

I can’t believe how lucky I am! If I 1 (not

see) the poster in school the other day, I 2

(not know) about the new gym I went there after school today If I 3 (realise) how good it was, I

4 (go) sooner What an amazing place! If

you 5 (not like) exercise, then you

6 (not enjoy) being there at all (obviously!)

I’ve now got a free pass for the first month If I

7 (go) at least three times a week,

I 8 (have) a free session with a personal

trainer at the end of the month How cool is that? So, if you 9 (want) to see what it’s like, then you

10 (should go) along tomorrow

Unless; as long as; provided that / providing; in case; supposing;

even if; otherwise

8 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 I’ll come for a run with you in case / unless / as long as

we can stop for a rest!

2 What will I do supposing / providing / even if I get

seasick on the cruise?

3 You can have a burger and chips providing that /in case / supposing you have a salad with it

4 You’ll put on weight in case / unless / provided you do

3 I’ll take an aspirin if I have a stomach ache (unless)

4 If I were overweight, what would you say to me? (supposing)

5 I’ll take up running if you do too! (provided)

6 Take your trainers because there might be a gym there (in case)

7 We may not feel like it but we should eat more salads (even if )

8 If you don’t change your diet you won’t feel better (unless)

10 Correct the underlined mistakes in the sentences

1 If he had trained properly, he will finish the race

2 I’ll take a bottle of water providing I get thirsty

3 If you tell me, I can’t help you

4 If you could choose one hearty meal, what is it?

5 If you want to try Zumba, will come to my class tomorrow night

6 If we hadn’t downloaded that running app, we’ll learn to meditate

30 unit 3 you are what you eat you are what you eat unit 3 31

Listening and Speaking

1 6 Listen to the introduction to the

programme What is the programme about?

2 7 Listen to Part 2 of the programme and

choose the best answers for sentences 1–3

1 In the UK, some women consume … more sugar than the recommended daily amount

a five times

b ten times

c five teaspoons

d 238 teaspoons

2 Too many sugary products can lead to …

a heart attacks and low blood pressure

b tooth decay and good health

c diabetes and digestive problems

d a higher risk of stroke and heart disease

3 Some of the physical signs of sugar addiction are …

a difficult to identify

b headaches and a lack of energy

c feeling under the weather persistently

d stomach aches and with digestive system problems

3 8 Listen to Part 3 of the programme and

complete sentences 1–5 Write no more than three words in each space

them

2 is often referred to as ‘fruit sugar’

3 Some fruits like are very sweet and contain a lot of sugar

4 are currently costing the UK more than £5 billion a year

5 Cut sugar out of your life and before long you’ll be

Idioms

4 Complete the sentences with the idioms from the box

1 I’m feeling today so I won’t come to the gym with you

2 We went for a long walk yesterday and we slept

Jack: Well, I’ve offered to cook a three-course meal for a few friends at uni tomorrow night but I think one of them is a vegetarian I’m not sure though What should I do?

them and ask Jack: I know but it’s Lewis’s new girlfriend and I don’t really know her

Jack: Because he’s on a field trip until tomorrow afternoon and he hasn’t got his phone with him

Emma: OK! I see the problem 3

a vegetarian main course then?Jack: No, that’s a terrible idea So, everyone has to eat vegetarian food whether they like it or not 4

Anyway, she might not even be a vegetarian

the main course you want and then just make a salad to go with it

Emma: You could always have some interesting things in your salad A few nuts, some cheese, some slices of carrot

like a proper main course.Emma: Exactly

Jack: So, are you free now to come to the supermarket with me?

6 9 Listen to the dialogue and practise saying

both parts

for example Good idea How about just cookingI guess you’re right I think you should If I were youThat’s a load of rubbish Why don’t you ask

A radio interview

Vocabulary

Quantities

1 Choose the correct answers to complete the sentences

1 How many of sugar are there in a tub of yogurt?

a piles b heaps c spoonfuls

2 We’ll need eggs to make two tortillas

a a dozen b a pile of c a drop of

3 Let’s take an umbrella I felt of rain

a a tonne b a few drops c loads

4 We’ve got time Let’s walk

a tonne of b a small number of c loads of

5 I can’t come out tonight I’ve got of homework to do

a vast numbers b three kilos c a pile

6 The builders will need bricks to build the new school

a a tonne of b a spoonful of c a heap of

7 Can you help me? I’m in trouble

a a kilo of b a spot of c a vast number of

8 What’s in that of rubbish outside your bedroom?

a kilo b dozen c heap

2 Complete the recipe with a quantity word from the box

a dozen drops a kilo of loads of teaspoonful

3 The conference room can …

4 The stadium …

5 These bags …

6 Our staff can …

a serves eight people

b will take ten kilos of fl our

c hold a dozen eggs?

d take up to 100 people

e holds about 50,000 people

f serve a table of six very quickly

5 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box More than one answer may be possible

1 How many people does your tent ?

2 These bags all the rubbish from my

bedroom

3 How much liquid does that container ?

4 This hearty meal will four people easily.

5 Do you think the taxi will me and all of

my bags?

6 The restaurant a maximum of 45 people.

6 Complete the sentences so they are true for you

1 This week I’ve got loads of

2 There’s a pile of

4 When I’m in a spot of trouble, I

5 If I had piles of money, I

contain hold seat serve sleep take

3 Choose the best answers to complete the text.I’ve got 1 tonnes / a vast number / a teaspoonful of

homework to do this weekend I haven’t got 2 a pile

/ loads / a drop of time because I’ve got so many other

things to do like tidying my room I’ve started and there’s a 3 spot / spoonful / pile of clothes on my desk and a

4 heap/ drop / number of rubbish outside my bedroom

door I’ve also got a 5 number / dozen / huge amount of

stuff to take to the charity shop but there are still 6 spots /

kilos / dozens of books to sort out I’ve also got 7 a load /

an amount / a few drops of old comics and DVDs I don’t

want I’m going to be in a 8 number / spot / kilo of trouble

with my parents if I don’t tidy my room but I’m going to be in even more trouble if I don’t do my homework Help!

32 unit 3 you are what you eat

• make students in your school / fitter

• teach all students in your school / practical skills like cooking and sewing

• introduce compulsory lessons on healthy lifestyles

• allow students access to the school gym in their free time

• build a kitchen for students to cook their own meals

Plan and Write!

1 Get ideas: choose a proposal and think about the problem and the solution, then write down your ideas

2 Organise your ideas to write a first draft.

3 Review your writing

4 Write a final draft.

3 Answer the questions in your own words

1 What is the proposal about?

2 Who is making the proposal?

3 Who is the proposal aimed at?

4 Choose the best signposts to complete the text.I believe students should have a reduction in gym fees at Great Gym 1 In addition to, / Furthermore, if there were a

reduction in fees, more students would definitely sign up for the gym

2 Not only / In addition do students pay the same price

as other people, 3 but also / furthermore they can’t

have access to the gym 24/7 4 But also / On top of that,

students don’t have piles of money and it seems unfair to charge them the full price 5 Not only / In addition, the

gym could offer more student-only sessions

A In conclusion, we believe that if the

canteen offers healthier food, staff and students will be happier and healthier too.

B We propose that the school bans all fizzy

drinks and unhealthy snacks and instead offers things like fruit and nuts On top of that, there should be a salad bar every day In addition to this, there could also be more vegetarian food

C The Student Council feels that the canteen

lacks a variety of healthy choices There’s not only a lack of healthy food, but there are also too many fizzy drinks and sugary snacks If the canteen offered healthier choices, it would lead students to choose them.

D The aim of this proposal is to present

a plan to the college principal to make Littleton College a healthier place for staff and students Furthermore, we believe that it wouldn’t be difficult to address this issue quickly.

2 Find words or phrases in the text that mean the following:

1 suggest

3 the purpose of something

4 encourage

1 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 He’s got a heart of gold / attack / disease.

2 If you’ve got an infection / a digestive system / a heart of gold, get some antibiotics

3 A symptom of a heart of gold / heart attack / broken heart can be reduced leg movement.

4 We think the broken heart / hearty meal / heart of the matter is the cost of more doctors.

5 I often suff er from problems with my health service / digestive system / bottom of my heart when I eat loads

of dairy products

Quantities and capacity

2 Complete the sentences with a word or expression from the box

1 If we use this recipe, it will ten people.

2 I just need a few food colouring to make

this green

3 We’re going to be in trouble with our

tutor about our homework

4 Can you buy eggs when you’re out?

5 I’ll just have a of sugar in my coff ee

6 We can invite people to the party The

room can up to 100 people.

2 When Jill (clean) the bathroom,

she (use) this disinfectant (0)

3 If we (not go) on the boat trip,

I (not feel) seasick (3rd)

4 If you (have) a broken heart,

you (feel) the same (2nd)

5 If they (follow) this diet, their

health (improve) (1st)

6 What (you, do) if you (know)

about this before? (3rd)

7 If you (want) to get fit,

(sign up) for the running club (0)

8 If I (be) you, I (go) to the

health centre now (2nd)

a dozen a spot of drops of hold loads of serve teaspoonful

Mixed conditionals

4 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 If you like vegetables, why that broccoli?

a do you eat b hadn’t you eaten c didn’t you

eat

2 If you one meal, what would it be?

a will choose b may have chosen

c could choose

3 You should drink loads of water if you in hot weather

a will run b run c would run

4 If you go on a diet, I cutting out sugar

a would recommend

b would have recommended c will recommend

Unless; as long as; providing; in case; supposing; even if

5 Complete the sentences with unless, as long as, providing, in case, supposing or even if More than one

answer may be possible

1 I feel sick on the plane, what will I do?

2 We’ll go to the cinema tonight we’ve got

loads of homework to do

3 Can you text Jack later he forgets about

Sign up today for a free trial of Lose It! Lose It

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2 it allows you to eat hearty meals you

love! 3 to that, we’ll give you a free

one-week trial before you make your decision 4 ,

if you don’t lose weight after two weeks, we’ll give you a full refund

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but also Furthermore In additionnot only On top

you are what you eat unit 3 33

34 unit 4 telling tales

Unit 4Telling tales

Name the people in the quiz descriptions and match them with the photos Then check your answers below

ba

1

J R R Tolkein, c

2

J K Rowling, b

3

Suzanne Collins, d

4

Carlos Ruiz Zaf

His/Her most famous works are The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit

and they became blockbuster films His/her initials stand for John Ronald Reuel

2 This person writes for children and adults His/her adult novels

include The Silkworm and The Cuckoo’s Calling He/She uses the

name Robert Galbraith when he/she is writing detective novels for adults He/She wrote a famous series of seven books for children which also became blockbuster films Daniel Radcliffe, Emma Watson and Rupert Grint were the main stars of the films He/She has used his/her initials for his/her children’s books

3 This person’s first novel was published in 2008 and it was part of a trilogy and a very successful series of films The books are set in the future in a universe called Panem The main characters in the novels are Katniss Everdeen and Peeta Mellark They are played in the films by Jennifer Lawrence and Josh Hutcherson

4 This person is one of the most successful contemporary Spanish novelists and his/her books have been translated into more than 40 different languages and published in 45 different countries

His/Her first novel, The Prince of Mist, came out in 1993 and it was written for young adults His/Her other novels include The Shadow of the Wind and The Prisoner of Heaven

QUIZ

d

telling tales unit 4 35

4Unit

PV4 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

Jack: How was the 1 folk tale / play at the theatre last night?

Oliver: Not great It was very long.Jack: How many 2 acts / dramas were there?

Oliver: Three but the last one was never-ending.Jack: No way! Who played the 3 plot / main character?

Oliver: I’m not sure, but he wasn’t very good.Jack: Oh dear! What about the 4 chapters / setting?

Oliver: Well, it was meant to be inside a house but the stage looked more like a forest Then the 5 plot / novelist

was very complicated too.Jack: So, was there anything good about it?Oliver: The 6 ending / history was surprising.

5 Complete the text with the words from the box

Stieg Larsson was a Swedish journalist, writer and a best-selling 1 Sadly, he had a heart attack and died before he was aware of the success of his crime 2 , The Millennium Trilogy.Although his books are works of 3 , some of his ideas came from people and events around him The 4 are Mikael Blomkvist, a journalist and the computer hacker, Lisbeth Salander The first book has 29 5 , so it’s a long read!

The first of his Millennium Trilogy books was also a

successful film It is a thought-provoking

6 that deals sensitively with complex issues Both the book and the film have a tense

7 and neither has a particularly happy

8 Larsson’s 9 is called The Man Who Left Too Soon and it tells the story of his life.

6 Complete the sentences with a phrasal verb from the box

1 Let’s try to win this game and then we can

to the next level

2 Please don’t while the poet is reading his work

3 Does hearing this nursery rhyme you to when you were young?

4 If I could in time, I’d live in Ancient Greece

5 After the play, the audience could

to the actors about their performance

biography chapters drama ending fictionmain characters novelist novels plot

feed back go back move on shout out take back

1 Write the words that match the definitions

1 a story told with short lines that uses rhythm to express deep emotions p

2 a type of short story with fantasy characters like dwarves, elves, etc f

3 the study of the past h

4 a traditional story that is often based on cultural beliefs and events m

5 a story that isn’t long with a plot, characters and a theme s

6 a piece of writing to perform in theatres, on radio or television p

7 the story of a person’s life written by another person b

8 a long story in a book with imaginary characters and events n

9 an electronic computer game or for a hand-held device with moving pictures v

2 Write the words from Exercise 1 that the are people talking about

1 ‘That was amazing We should go to the theatre more often.’

2 ‘I didn’t think I’d enjoy reading that, but the rhythm and emotion in it were incredible.’

3 ‘This book about Barack Obama’s life is really interesting.’

4 ‘I play it for about three hours a day after school I love being in control.’

5 ‘Have you read any stories by Hans Christian Andersen?’

6 ‘Some people say Don Quixote is the best book ever

written.’

3 Match the extracts 1–4 with the genres a–d

a comic b satire c self-help d travel

1 This book will make you feel like you’re on holiday The descriptions of the scenery are amazing and there are some fantastic photos

2 Do you want to make a positive change to your life? Read this book and start today.

3 Hilarious! I haven’t laughed this much in ages Read this novel now!

4 Its use of humour and irony to laugh at today’s politicians was the best example of its kind I’ve read …

Stories

36 unit 4 telling tales

1 Read the first two paragraphs of the text quickly and answer the questions

1 What does George do?

2 Where are George’s parents from?

3 Where did George grow up?

2 Read the text Are the following statements true (T) or false (F)? Use the exact words from the text to justify your answers

1 George believes storytelling can change people’s lives

2 Rap and poetry have the same effect on people

3 George is also a politician

4 According to George, entertainment is a powerful tool capable of changing people’s lives

3 Look at the underlined words in the text Match them with the definitions

1 make the best use of something

2 a person who is skilled in using words

3 an elected member of a government

4 part of a town where the houses were all built at the same time

4 Find synonyms for the following words and phrases in the text

1 contemporary (adj, paragraph 1)

2 hard or difficult (adj, paragraph 2)

5 Answer the questions in your own words

1 How does George feel his background has influenced his work?

2 Why did George move away from rap when he started university?

3 Why does George feel it is important to educate young people?

4 How did George help a group of underprivileged teenagers?

6 Answer the questions so they are true for you

1 What do you think of George The Poet?

2 In what ways do you think background and upbringing influence our future?

3 Do you think you would like to read or listen to George the Poet performing? Why / Why not?

Storytelling can take many different forms and nowadays, it seems, anyone can tell a story from bloggers to vloggers But is a good story one that makes people sit up and listen, then stop and think and change their behaviour? One young modern storyteller, George Mpanga, thinks it is He is a spoken word artist, a poet and a wordsmith with a particular interest in social and political issues He has

more hits on YouTube than the

current Poet Laureate in the UK and he hopes he can change the lives of a generation through his storytelling.

George is from London and is a Cambridge University graduate His parents moved to the UK from Uganda in the late 1980s and he grew up on a tough housing estate in north-west London From about the age of 15, George performed his own rap songs inspired by artists like Eminem and 50 Cent George used his rap to tell stories about his own experiences or to write about social situations around him such as single-parent families and the impact this has on young lives

Rap, however, is more about the music and it is often associated

with that industry and with artists who are keen to make loads of money from their songs George feels that rappers have the power to change things in society through the message in their songs but that they don’t often maximise that potential Rap has become more about entertainment Poetry, on the other hand, makes people stop and think about things and the spoken word is about communicating ideas So when George started his degree at Cambridge University, he decided that he could reach a wider audience if he turned his rap into poetry and made it more meaningful.

George is an incredibly skillful storyteller and performer He wants everyone to be able to access and understand his poetry and he works hard to do that Sometimes he dresses up during a performance and he often delivers his words like a politician: slowly, carefully and naturally, and they have a huge impact on his audience He enjoys building a relationship with his

audience and connecting with them He aims his poetry and storytelling mainly at people his own age or younger He does not perform exclusively for younger people even though he feels the key to making a positive change in society starts with young people and he is a firm believer that entertainment has the power to do this more than education While he was at university, George also won £16,000 in a competition Using his prize money, he funded poetry workshops for children in under-privileged parts of London He wanted them to know that they are like him and that their stories are worth listening to Working with young people takes George back to his childhood and he

wants to inspire them to think that school is cool, that it

isn’t a bad thing to stay on in education and to want to

move on to a better future He is keen for the younger

generation to see the connection between a good education and a better future and he is doing just that through his own unique style of entertainment.

GEoRGEthE poEt

telling tales unit 4 37

5 your parents grow up in the UK?

6 Charles Dickens your favourite novelist?

7 you heard the news? Our school is going to be in a film

8 I leave the exam now, please?

2 Complete the dialogues with negative questions.

1 A: Jane about the party? (you / tell)

B: No, I didn’t She wasn’t at school yesterday

2 A: to youth club tonight? (they / come)

B: No, they aren’t

book club next term? (you / be able to)B: No, sorry

see that play? (we / afford)B: No, we can’t The tickets are really expensive

5 A: historical novels? (you / like)

B: No, I don’t I hate them!

e-reader? (your mum / have)B: Yes, she does

7 A: me with my university application later please? (you / help)

B: Of course, I will Just text me

8 A: The Fault in Our Stars?

(you / read) B: No, I haven’t What’s it like?

be (x2) can do (x3) have will

Wh- questions

3 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 Which / When / Who was the first e-reader invented and why / how / whose idea was it?

2 Who / Why / Which did the director change the ending

4 Choose the best answers to complete the sentences

1 You’d like to act in a play one day, ?

a don’t you b didn’t you c wouldn’t you

2 You weren’t in Jessica’s class last year, ?

a weren’t you b are you c were you

3 We can’t write a short story, ?

a we can b can’t we c can we

4 Louisa’s studying drama at university, ?

a doesn’t she b isn’t she c is she

5 They didn’t read that book last year, ?

a did they b didn’t they c they did

6 They’re studying the Gothic novel this term, ?

a aren’t they b don’t they c didn’t they

7 Seb loves graphic novels, ?

a does he b doesn’t he c didn’t he

8 You haven’t got an e-reader, ?

a have you b haven’t you c haven’t you got

Questions

38 unit 4 telling tales telling tales unit 4 39

4Unit

5 Complete the dialogues with the correct question tags

1 A: You didn’t see that nature documentary on TV last

B: No, I didn’t Was it any good?

2 A: It was a great production,

?B: Yes, it was I really enjoyed it

3 A: I’m so lucky, ?B: Yes, you are

4 A: You wouldn’t want to be a film director,

?B: No way!

5 A: We can’t find anyone to play the main role,

?B: I know It’s so difficult

7 Complete the emphatic questions for the statements

1 Simon gave the book to Lilly Simon gave the book to ?

2 Will ate your lunch Will ate ?

3 Audrey went to Paris last week Audrey went ?

4 The tickets are going on sale tomorrow The tickets are going on sale ?

8 Complete the dialogue with the prompts

Sophie: I was at the theatre last night.Gregg: 1

(who / you / go with)Sophie: A few people from uni.Gregg: 2

(what / you / see)Sophie: A Shakespeare play, but it was quite an experience!

Gregg: Why? 3

(what / happen)Sophie: Well, half way through Act 1 someone shouted out at the actors

Gregg: No way! 4

(who / shout out)Sophie: I’m not sure Some middle-aged guy near the back I think

Gregg: 5

(you / not do / anything)Sophie: No I didn’t want to get involved Someone eventually came and asked the man to leave.Gregg: 6

(who / tell / him / to leave)Sophie: I think it was the theatre manager.Gregg: All’s well that ends well, then

9 Complete the questions with the correct question words and then answer them so they are true for you

1 did you sit beside at school today?

2 are you reading at the moment?

3 is your favourite novelist?

4 is the worst book you’ve ever read?