Sách vstep practice test 1600 pdf gdrive vip

Sách tổng hợp đề thi 4 kỹ năng qua các kỳ thi, sát với đề thi thật có đáp án: Kỹ năng Nghe: Tổng hợp đề chuẩn theo ma trận 8:12:15 trong bài thi thật. Kỹ năng Đọc: Các bài đọc trong giáo trình được phân tích ma trận Vstep cực hay, ghi rõ những nội dung cần làm được cho từng trình độ B1, B2, C1. Phần kỹ năng Nói: Gồm 30 đề thi Nói được tổng hợp từ những kỳ thi trước đó nên có thể bạn sẽ gặp lại các đề này khi thi. Ngoài ra Kỹ năng Viết: Sách hướng dẫn, tổng hợp cách viết luận, viết thư và chia sẻ tips làm bài, key gợi ý đáp án.Phân tích rõ để thi đạt bằng tiếng anh B1 thì cần làm bài thế nào, B2, C2 thì cần làm ra sao.

- Tổng hợp đề 4 kĩ

- Phù hợp với việc luyện đề

MỤC LỤC ĐÈ THỊ MẪU

PHẦN 2: ĐỌC HIẾU - VSTEP (Thời gian: 60 phút, 40 Câu) PHAN 3: VIET - VSTEP (Thời gian: 60 phút, 2 Câu)

PHẦN 4: NÓI - VSTEP (Thời gian: 12 phút, 3 Câu) PHAN I: READING

PHAN II: WRITING PHAN III: SPEAKING PHAN IV: LISTENING

DE THI MAU PHAN 1: NGHE HIỂU - VSTEP

“Thời gian: 40 phút Số câu hỏi: 35

conversations and talks in English There are three parts in this section with special directions for each part Answer all the questions on the basis of what is stated or implied by the speakers in the recording

‘There will be time for you to read the instructions and you will have a chance to check your work The recording will be played ONCE only

Time allowance: about 40 minutes, including, 05 minutes to transfer your answers to your answer sheet

PART 1-Questions 1-8 Directions: In this part, you will hear EIGHT short announcements or instructions There is one question for each announcement or instruction For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D Then, on the answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer that you have chosen

Now, let's listen to an example On the recording, you will hear: Woman: Hello This is the travel agency retuming your call You left a message about the holiday you've

booked, asking which meals are included in the cost during your stay at Sunny Hotel.Lunch and dinner are free but if you wish to have breakfast in the hotel, you will need to pay an extra amount of money, depending on what you order Let me know if I can help you with any other information Goodbye

On the test book, you will read: Which meal is NOT included in the price of the holiday?

A Breakfast B Lunch C Dinner DAIL The correct answer is A Breakfast Now, let's begin with the first question

B 2 a] D4 2 What is the boarding time of Flight VN178?

A 330 B 3.45 € 4.15 D 4.45 3 What will be happeni

A Anart workshop B Anart exhibition C Ahistory lesson D A talk about history of art

ig in Lecture hall 4 next Monday?

four

10

i

4 Where does the woman live? ‘A Opposite the cinema B Next to Anna Boutique C OnFloor 1 of C5 building D On Floor 3 of C5 building 5, What is the woman doing?

A Introducing the sports centre B Selling equipment to the new methbers C Explaining the rules in the centre D Answering members” questions

6 What time do the banks open in winter?

A 8.00 a.m B 8.30a.m C 9.00 a.m D 9.30a.m 7 What is the woman talking about?

‘A How to change the topic of a term paper B When and where to hand in a term paper C How to write a term paper

D The list of topies for a term paper 8, How is the weather today?

A Cool all day B Rainy in the early morning

four questions for each conversation For each question, choose the correct answer A, B,

Questions 9 to 12 Listen to the discussion between two exchange students Martha and Peter 9, How has the man mainly learnt Japanese?

A By listening B By speaking C._By writing Kanji D By reading aloud 10 Why did the woman travel to Spain?

A Torreach her goal B To learn Japanese C To meet her pen friends D To practice her Spanish 11 According to the woman, why do young people learn language more quickly?

A They have friends at university B Their brains are fresher

C They do not have much concem other than study D They find languages easier than the elder

12 What is the conversation m: ‘A Learning English B Learning languages C Learning French D Age and learning, Questions 13 to 16 Listen to the conversation between Emma, the tourist and Felipe, a local person from Ecuador

ly about?

13, What does the man say about the Galapagos Islands? A They are unattractive

C They are more popular with foreigners than locals D There are a lot of famous hotels and food there

14, Why are the costs in Galapagos Islands so high?

A To improve their service quality B To protect the environment C To attract international tourists D To solve local economic problems 15 Which place can be compared to the Galapagos in terms of scenery?

‘A The Amazon region B The lowlands C South Ecuador D Ecuadorean countryside 16 What do the speakers mean by mentioning “more rights”?

‘A Islanders should have more freedom to do business B Ecuadoreans should visit the island with more ease C Tourists should be given more freedom on the island D Visitors should be encouraged to visit the island Questions 17 to 20 Listen to the conversation between Todd and Katia, 17, What is the topic of the conversation?

‘A Ways to get an internship B Methods of studying at university C Contrasts between working and studying D Skills needed in working environment 18, What does the girl say about presenting skills?

She wanted more practice with them ‘She was not aware of their importance before working She didn’t know how to do them in Spanish,

She taught them to herself at university

W A B € D W A B c D

25."

Qu 26.

20 What advice does the girl have for those about gi

‘A Prepare themselves for unexpected situations B._ Relax and have some fun

C Make good transition from university to work D._Make their best effort and follow their passion [parr 3-Questions 21-35

1g to start working?

In this part, you will hear THREE talks or lectures The talks or lectures will not be repeated There are five questions for each talk or lecture For each question, choose the right answer A, B, C or D Questions 21 to 25 Listen to a presentation about summer job searching

21 What factor deserves A Sort of jobs within the fi B Flexible working hours C Employees’ hobbies D Commitment to the job

ial consideration when a summer job search is launched?

id

22 Why does the speaker mention photography?

A To highlight the importance of hobbies in job searching B To illuminate a job search process

€ To prove the role of local area in job searching D To suggest looking for a job on the internet 23, What principle does a person necessarily stick to when looking for the second job?

‘A Value the second job over the current one B Ask for the current employer’s permission C Make all the contact out of company time D Have interviews scheduled during official working hours 24, What behavior will place a candidate at a great advantage in an interview?

‘A Showing up on time B Having great outfit C Stressing the achievements with the current company D Emphasizing the working experiences

25 What is of greatest importance for a successful attempt at the job search? ‘A Asking for references from the current company

B, Referring to what have been achieved in the current job C Getting the track record of the current job

D Talking to somebody in the current company for advice Questions 26 to 30, Listen to a talk about recycling carbon 26 Which process is mainly discussed in the talk?

Producing carbon through photosynthesis, Returning carbon to the atmosphere through decomposition Recycling carbon into the soil through soil breathing, Maintaining the availability of environmental factors

5

27 What happens during decomposition?

28 What đoes “soil respiration” refer to? A The cycle of minimatizing CO; in the soil B The stage of decomposing organic matter C The circle when CO> is recycled

D The process when CO; gets out of the soil 29 What does the speaker say about the cycle of carbon?

It helps remain carbon in litter for a long time It finishes when CO, comes out of the soil to the air Itis the result of soil respiration

It creates the amount of carbon in the living biomass

Questions 31 to 35 Listen to a lecture about poor comprehenders 31 What is the talk mainly about?

‘The difficulties poor comprehenders encounter ‘The definition of poor comprehender

‘The reading process of a poor comprehender ‘The causes and effects of poor comprehension

32, What can be inferred about poor comprehenders’ level of understanding?

‘They are better at decoding than reading a text fluently ‘They are not good at decoding and understanding a text C They struggle to reveal what they have read

D They often have general understanding of the text

35 What A

| They can monitor their comprehension only occasionally B,

€ D

meant about poor comprehenders’ ability to look over their comprehension? They actually know reasons for theit poor comprehension

They change their monitoring process when their comprehension has broken down, Controlling comprehension is beyond their ability

This is the end of the listening paper Now you have 05 MINUTES to transfer your answers to your answer sheet

You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet

Example Read the following passage

FALL WEATHER

Line 5 typically arrives by the middle part of September Cities in the South may not see the first

freeze until November, though a frost is very possible before then A few cities in the Lower 48, including Intemational Falls, Minnesota and Grand Forks, North Dakota, have recorded a freeze in every month of the year

0 When does the first freeze often arrive in the South? A Early September

B Mid September C November D Before November You will read in the passage that “Cities in the South may not see the first freeze until November”, so the correct answer is option C November

PASSAGE I- Questions 1-10

Luc My day typically starts with a business person going to the airport, and nearly always ends with a drunk I don't mind drunk people Sometimes I think they're the better version

embarrassed and made me drop him at a car park When we arrived, the first guy was waiting with a boulder, which went through the windscreen, narrowly missing my head But the worst people are the ones who call me “Driver!”

Jennifer T could teach you to do a basic brain operation in two weeks But what takes time and experience is doing it without wrecking the brain of the patients - learning your limitations

| ended up working as a pediatric neurosurgeon because children make better recoveries from brain damage than adults So it's more rewarding in terms of outcome and | find their resilience really inspiring It's taken me a decade to become comfortable discussing an operation with children, but they have to be able to ask questions You have to show them respect Sometimes their perspective is funny; most teenage girls just want to know how much hair you'll shave off

I don't get upset by my job These children are dying when they come in and I do whatever I can to make them better

Solange When you become a judge after years of being a barrister and trying to make points that win cases, you have to remember that a huge part of what you do is listening - to advocates, to witnesses, to defendants Behind closed doors most judges, even very experienced ones, are much more anxious about their work than most people might think We agonise over what we do and the decisions we have to make It would be bizarre to say that as a judge, we learn to be less judgmental But as you see the complex and difficult lives of the people who end up in front of you, you realise that your job is not so much to judge them as to ensure that everyone receives justice

In the first paragraph, what best paraphrases the sentence ‘My day typically starts with a business person going to the airport, and nearly always ends with a drunk”?

‘ANormally, I will take a business person and a drunk at the airport B.Normally, I will go to the airport in the morning and come back with a drunk, C Normally, my first passenger will be a businessman and my last one a drunk, D Normally, I will drive a businessman to the airport and come back almost drunk 2, What does Harry probably do for a living?

A.A tour guide B An agent C.A lawyer D.A driver 3 The word ‘eirele’ in line 17 could be best replaced by

A drive B look C walk D ride

4, In lines 23-24, what does Jennifer mean when she says, ‘Learning your limitations takes years"? It takes a person a long time to

‘A control his weakness in a brain operation B understand what he cannot help

perform even a basic operation D be able to perform a brain surgery 5 The word “their” in line 25 refers to

A patients’ B neurosurgeons’ C children’s D adults’ 6 The word ‘perspective’ in line 28 is closest in meaning to

A question B worry C view D prospective 7 According to the passage, whose job involves in a large part listening to others?

A Luc’s B Harry's C Jennifer's D Solange's 8 According to the passage, who is likely to meet different types of people every day?

A Lue B Harry CC Jennifer

D Solange 9 The word ‘ones’ in line 34 refers to

A judges B barristers C advocates

D defendants 10 What is the purpose of this passage?

‘A To inform people of what to expect in those jobs B To report what different people do and think about their jobs C To raise awareness of the importance of different jobs

“Almost every single person I’ve worked with thinks there’s a golden nugget of an apartment waiting right for them,” said Paul Hunt, an agent at Citi Habitats who specializes in rentals “They all want to be in the Village, and they all want the ‘Sex and the City’ apartment.”

them

The first shock for a first-time renter will probably be the prices Consider that the average monthly rent for a one-bedroom in the Village is more than $3,100 and that the average for a studio is over $2,200 Or that the average rent for a one-bedroom in a doorman building anywhere in Manhattan is close to $3,500 [B]

10 Mr Hunt said that when he shows prospeetive renters what their budget really can buy, they are sometimes so appalled that “they think I’m trying to fool them or something, and they run away and I don’t hear from them again.”

15 alternatively, the renter checks his or her expectations and grudgingly decides to raise the price limit, or look in other neighborhoods or get a roommate “When expectations are very high, the process can be very frustrating,” Mr Hunt said

The thousands of new graduates who will be driving the engine of the city’s rental market from now until September will quickly learn that renting in New York is not like renting anywhere else [C]

20

‘The second shock is likely to be how small a Manhattan apartment can be It is not uncommon in New York, for example, to shop for a junior one-bedroom only to find out it is really a studio that already has or can have a wall put up to create a bedroom {D] To start with, landlords want only tenants who earn at least 40 times the monthly rent, which means an $80,000 annual salary for a $2,000 apartment According to census data, more than 25,000 graduates aged 22 to 28 moved to the city in 2006, and their median salary was about $35,600,

25

‘Those who don’t make 40 times their monthly rent need a guarantor, usually a parent, who must make at least 80 times the monthly rent In addition to a security deposit, some landlords also want the first and last month’s rent Tack on a broker's fee and a prospective renter for that $2,000 apartment is out of pocket nearly $10,000 just to get the keys to the place

11 Which of the following would be the best title for this article? A Best Guide to Finding an Apartment in New York City B New York City - Haven for First-time Renters

C Surprises Await First-time Renters in New York City D Sure You Can Afford it in New York City?

30

12, On average, how much do tenants have to pay for a studio in New York City?

A About $2,000 B More than $2,000 CC More than $3,100 D Less than $3,500 13, Which of the following words can best replace the word ‘prospective’

A Apparent B Prosperous C Potential D Upcoming

line 12?

14 Which of the following is NOT listed by Mr Hunt as a reaction of prospective renters when he informs them of the prices?

‘A They think the broker is meaning to deceive them B They decide to move to another city

> They decide to look for a place in a different neighborhood D They find someone to share the accommodation with

"

15 According to Mr Hunt, what would make the process of finding an apartment challenging? A Renters do not trust the brokers,

B Renters over-expect about places they can rent C Landlords expect tenants to have secured ineome D Renters want to bargain with landlords

16 Which of the following would best describe the attitude of renters who decide to raise their price limit after being informed of the price?

A Willing B Hopeful C Reluctant D, Frustrated

17 In which space (marked A, B, C and D in the passage) will the following sentence fit? Aside from the realities of price and space, the requirements set by New York landlords are also bound to

help turn a bright-eyed first-time renter’s outlook grim AK

BB ce DD 18 Why did the writer mention the income of college graduates in 2006?

‘A To demonstrate that graduates can earn a decent salary if they work in New York City B To indicate that less than 50% of the surveyed graduates could afford apartments in New York City C To suggest that New York City is not a place for graduates

D.To prove that to guarantee a place in New York City is financially out of reach for an average graduate 19 What does the word ‘Those’ in line 28 refer to?

A Landlords B, Graduates C Guarantors

D Parents 20 Which of the following sentences would best completethe last paragraph?

‘A On top of that, every owner also has their own requirements, so just because you qualified here doesn’t mean you'll qualify there

B So you had better accept that you'll never have what you want no matter how hard you work C So the key to finding that first apartment is to learn as much as possible about the market before

arriving in the city and to keep an open mind D You have to be flexible and you have to come to the city armed with

12

21 se

PASSAGE 3 — Questions 21-30 ‘Ladies and gentlemen’, the captain's voice crackled over the plane's public address system “If you look out of the window on the right side of the aircraft," he said, "you will have a clear view of Greenland In my 15 years of flying, I have not seen a scene like this." 1

habitual snowy landscape and frozen glaciers, a wide swathe of black water was visible as it flowed into the Atlantic, It was late spring, but the giant icebox that is Greenland was already melting

The fleeting image that I saw from 30,000 feet in early May is consistent with massive 10 amounts of climate data gathered from across the planet It is now clear that on average, the global surface temperature has increased by about one degree Celsius since 1900 and has been the cause of extreme climate events across the planet

At times, warming climate combined with soot in the air thrown by wild fire has accelerated the melting Warm weather is leading ice sheets to break up and tuming 15 glaciers into flowing streams In May, NASA scientists concluded that the rapidly melting glacial region of Antarctica has passed "the point of no return", threatening to increase sea levels by as much as 13 feet within the next few centuries A The fact that the melting is taking place slowly and its effect may not be felt for a few decades seems to offer comfort to those who want to continue their lifestyle relying on fossil fuels Unwilling to believe in global warming or make the sacrifices needed to face the challenge, politicians have been 29 finding excuses to do nothing B

tư

American President Barack Obama, not hobbled by the need to fight elections, has now broken ranks with suehpolitieians Unable to pass legislation in the face of Republican (and sometimes Democratic) opposition, he instructed the Environmental Protection

States by 30 per cent by 2030.He hopes that regulations would influence the US states to adopt aggressive market interventions to address global warming Of course, execution of the policy still lies in the hands of many state governors who would find ways to resist, saying that regulations would raise the cost to the economy and cause unemployment among coal workers As President Obama told Thomas Friedman of the New York Times: 30 "One of the hardest things in politics is getting a democracy to deal with something now

where the payoff is long term or the price of inaction is decades away." C The price of inaction could be raised - if the coming global summit on climate in Paris could do what other summits have failed to do: agree on a fixed target for greenhouse gas emissions and a rigorous system for monitoring China has hinted at capping coal burning in the next 15 years, adding weight in favour of action D Meanwhile, melting in Greenland and the Antarctica will continue as the sun scorches the fields and rising water threatens the coastal areas

scene like this’? A This scene is very unusual B The pilot is not an attentive person .C The scene makes flying worthy

D This scene is very magnificent

13

22 What is the author’s purpose when recounting the scene he saw from the plane?

C To express his opinion towards research on global surface temperature D To contrast with what the pilot is saying

23 What is ‘offer comfort? in line 16 closest in meaning to?

A Warm up B Reassure C Discourage D Assis

24, What is the main idea of paragraph 32

‘A Hot weather combined with wild fire soot has been melting glaciers, B There has been enough evidence that global warming is an urgent issue

25 Who does ‘stich politicians’ in line 20 refer to?

‘A Those who have protested against Obama’s views B Those who are not at the same rank as Obama C Those who take no actions against global warming, D Those who do not believe in global warming, 26 In which space (marked A, B, Ở and D in the passage) will the following sentence fit? India, the world’s third largest user of coal, may have to take measures on its own or face isolation

AA BB cỗ DD 27 According to paragraph 4, the author's attitude toward Obama’s actions can be best described as

A skeptical B appreciative C sympathetic D supportive 28 What can the word ‘seorehes? in line 35 be best replaced by?

A shines B warms up C burns D heats up 29 Which of the following best describes the tone of the author in this passage?

‘A skeptical B concerned C indifferent D pessimistic

30 Which of the following could best describe the message that the author wants to pass to readers?

A Fossil fuel should be replaced in the future B Solutions to global warming need political support C Rapid glacial melthas reached an irreversible point D, Politicians play a key role inresolving global issues

Most scientists agree that life went through a period when RNA was the head-honcho molecule, guiding life through its nascent stages According to this "RNA World" hypothesis, RNA was the crux molecule for primitive life and only took a backseat when DNA and proteins—which perform their jobs much more efficiently than RNA— developed

RNA is very similar to DNA, and today carries out numerous important functions in each of our cells, including acting as a transitional-molecule between DNA and protein synthesis, and functioning as an on-and-off switch for some genes,

But the RNA World hypothesis doesn't explain how RNA itself first arose Like DNA, RNA is a complex molecule made of repeating units of thousands of smaller molecules called nucleotides that link together in very specific, patterned ways While there are scientists who think RNA could have arisen spontaneously on early Earth, others say the odds of such a thing happening are astronomical

"The appearance of such a molecule, given the way chemistry functions, is incredibly improbable It would be a once-in-a-universe long shot," said Robert Shapiro, a chemist at New York University "To adopt this, you have to believe we were incredibly lucky." But “astronomical” is a relative term In his book, The God Delusion, biologist Richard

Suppose, Dawkins says, the universe contains a billion planets, a conservative estimate, he says, then the chances that life will arise on one of them is not really so remarkable Furthermore, if, as some physicists say, our universe is just one of many, and each universe contained a billion planets, then it's nearly a certainty that life will arise on at least one of them

Shapiro doesn't think it's necessary to invoke multiple universes or life-laden comets crashing into ancient Earth Instead, he thinks life started with molecules that were smaller and less complex than RNA, which performed simple chemical reactions that eventually led to a self-sustaining system involving the formation of more complex molecules "If you fall

31 The word ‘they’ in line 3 refers to A mats

B origins C bacteria D.DNA

1s

32 According to the passage, what is RNA? ‘A.A protein

B.A molecule C.A nucleotide D Acell 38 The phrase ‘took a backseat’in line 12 is closest in meaning to

A enjoyed more dominance B tuned to be useless C stepped back to its place D became less important

1 According to the passage, what is NOT true about RNA?

‘A Its the crux of a widely accepted theory on the origin of B Itis believed to be most important for early life

.C Like DNA, it executes many duties in human cells D There is still disagreement over how RNA first appeared

35 What does Robert Shapiro mean when he says, “To adopt this, you have to believe we were incredibly Jucky’?

‘A Supporters of RNA world hypothesis must think that humans were extremely blessed B Humans were incredibly lucky because the RNA was the first form of life on Earth CC He believes it is near impossible that RNA accidentally arose on Earth

D Humans were unlucky because the RNA world hypothesis is highly improbable

36 Which of the following statements would Dawkins most probably support? ‘A As there are a countless number of planets, it is surprising that life arose on Earth only B Life may exist on planets other than Earth and in universes other than ours

C There are many universes like ours, which contain an incredible number of planets Ð Given the colossal number of planets, the appearance of life on one of them was not unusual

38 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a hypothesis of life origin? A Life was formed elsewhere and then came to Earth,

B Life was brought to Earth with crashing comets, C RNA played a central role in the early form of life

D DNA is more efficient than RNA for primitive life

39 Which of following conclusions can be drawn from this passage? ‘A Among many hypotheses for life origin on Earth, RNA remains the most important one B Many theories of the origin of life have been proposed but no fully accepted theory exists C Trying to explain what happened billions of years ago is an extremely difficult but possible task D The answer to the question of how life appeared would have important implications for the likelihood

of finding life elsewhere in the universe 40 Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?

‘A.A general presentation followed by a detailed discussion of both sides of an issue B.A list of possible answers to a question followed by a discussion of their strengths and weaknesses C.A general statement of an issue followed by a discussion of possible answers

D A discussion of different aspects wrapped up by an answer to the question

16

TASK 1

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(dhings ti she will Write an ‘You sho be evalu: TASK 2 ‘You sho Read th

'Tourisn travellit had neg

Write : reason: You st Organi:

PHAN 3: VIET - VSTEP Thời gian: 60 phút

Số câu hồi: 2 TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task ‘You received an email from your English friend, Jane She asked you for some information about one of your friends Read part of her email below

I've just got an email from your friend, An She said she’s going to take a course in London this summer She asked if she could stay with my family until she could find an apartment Can you tell me a bit about her (hings like her personality, hobbies and interests, and her current work or study if possible)? want to see if

‘Write an email responding to Jane

You should write at least 120 words You do not need to include your name or addresses Your response will be evaluated in terms of Task Fulfillment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar

TASK 2, ‘You should spend about 40 minutes on this task Read the following text from a book about tourism,

Tourism has become one of the fastest growing industries in the world Millions of people today are travelling farther and farther throughout the year Some people argue that the development of tourism has had negative effects on local communities; others think that its influences are positive

Write an essay to an educated reader to discuss the effects of tourism on local communities Include reasons and any relevant examples to support your answer

You should write at least 250 words.Your response will be evaluated in terms of Task Fulfillment, Organization, Vocabulary and Grammar

PHAN 4: NÓI - VSTEP

Let's talk about your free time activities = What do you often do in your free time? ~ Do you watch TV? If no, why not? If yes, which TV channel do you like best? Why’? ~ Do you read books? If no, why not? If yes, what kinds of books do you like best? Why? Let's talk about your neighborhood

~ Can you tell me something about your neighborhood? = What do you like most about it?

= Do you plan to live there for a long time? Why/why not? Part 2: Solution Discussion (4°)

Situation: A group of people is planning a trip from Danang to Hanoi Three means of transport are suggested: by train, by plane, and by coach Which means of transport do you think is the best choice? Part 3: Topic Development (5°)

‘Topic: Reading habit should be encouraged among teenagers

|

⁄

What is the difference between the kinds of books read by your parents’ generation and those read by your generation?

+ Do you think that governments should support free books for all people? + Inwhat way can parents help children develop their interest in reading?

18

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PHAN : READING CODE 1 READING PAPER ‘Time permitted: 60 minutes

Number of questions: 40 Direetions:ln this section you will read FOUR different passages Each one is followed by 10 questions about it For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or, to each question Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer ‘you have chosen Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage

You have 60 mimaes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet PASSAGE I — Questions 1-10

The modem comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants of the ‘American press in the late nineteenth century The first full-color comic strip appeared in January 1894 in the New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer The first regular weekly full-color comic supplement, similar to today’s Sunday funnies, appeared two years later, in William Randolph Hearst's rival New York paper, the Morning Journal

Both were immensely popular, and publishers realized that supplementing the news with comic relief boosted the sale of papers The Morning Journal started another feature in 1896, the "Yellow Kid," the first continuous comic character in the United States, whose creator, Richard Outcault, had been lured away from the World by the ambitious Hearst The "Yellow Kid” was in many ways a pioneer Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came to characterize later strips, and it introduced the speech balloon inside the strip, usually placed above the characters’ heads

‘The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was Rudolph Dirks's "Katzenjammer Kids," based on Wilhelm Busch's Max and Moritz, a European satire of the nineteenth century The "Kids" strip, first published in 1897, served as the prototype for future American strips It contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast of characters, and was divided into small regular panels that did away with the larger panoramic scenes of earlier comics

‘Newspaper syndication played a major role in spreading the popularity of comic strips throughout the country Though weekly colored comics came first, daily black and-white strips were not far behind They first appeared in the Chicago American in 1904 It was followed by many imitators, and by 1915 blackand-white comic strips had become a staple of daily newspapers around the country

1 What does the passage mainly discuss?

C _ Theeffects of newspapers on comic strip stories

2 Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst? A They established New York's first newspaper

B They published comic strips about the newspaper war C Their comic strips are still published today

D They owned major competitive newspapers 3 The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons? A They

provided a break from serious news stories B Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings C Readers could identify with the characters

D They were about real-life situations 4, To say that Richard Outcault had been "lured away from” the World by Hearst means which of the

5 The word “it” in line 11 refer to

‘A The “Yellow Kid” B dialogue

C farce D balloon

‘A feature the same character in each episode B include dialogue inside a balloon

C appear in a Chicago newspaper D characterize city life in a humorous way 7 The word "incorporate" is closest in meaning to

A affect B create € combine D._ mention 8 The word "prototype" is closest in meaning to

A story B humor C drawing D model 9 The word "staple" is closest in meaning to

‘A regular feature B popular edition C new version D huge success 10, In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage?

A In alphabetical order by title B._ In the order in which they were created

According to the newspaper in which they appeared D From most popular to least popular

PASSAGE 2 — Questions 11-20

Every drop of water in the ocean, even in the deepest parts, responds to the forces that create the tides No other force that affects the sea is so strong Compared with the tides, the waves created by the wind are surface movements felt no more than a hundred fathoms below the surface The currents also seldom involve more than the upper several hundred fathoms despite their impressive sweep

‘The tides are a response of the waters of the ocean to the pull of the Moon and the more distant Sun In theory, there is a gravitational attraction between the water and even the outermost star of the universe In reality, however, the pull of remote stars is so slight as to be obliterated by the control of the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the Sun Just as the Moon rises later each day by fifty minutes, on the average, so, in most places, the time of high tide is correspondingly later each day And as the Moon waxes and wanes in its monthly cycle, so the height of the tide varies The tidal movements are strongest when the Moon is a sliver in the sky, and when it is full These are the highest flood tides and the lowest ebb tides of the lunar month and are called the spring tides At these times the Sun, Moon, and Earth are nearly in line and the pull of the ‘two heavenly bodies is added together to bring the water high on the beaches, to send its surf upward against the sea cliffS, and to draw a high tide into the harbors Twice each month, at the quarters of the Moon, when the Sun, Moon and Earth lie at the apexes of a triangular configuration and the pull of the Sun and Moon are opposed, the moderate tidal movements called neap tides occur Then the difference between high and low water is less than at any other time during the month

11 What is the main point of the first paragraph?

‘The waves created by ocean currents are very large Despite the strength of the wind, it only moves surface water Deep ocean water is seldom affected by forces that move water ‘The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water

20

12 The

13 The A sutpr

14 It ce effe

PAS of A away unre rang

12 The word “felt” is closest in meaning to A — based

14, It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is

16 What is the cause of spring ti

17 The word "configuration" is closest in meaning to

18, Neap tides occur when

19, According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT:

‘A, The time of high tide is later each day B Tides have a greater effect on the sea than waves do C The strongest tides occur at the quarters of the Moon D Neap tides are more moderate than spring tides 20 Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those caused by

tides?

Lines 2-5 Lines 9-11 Lines 12-14

PASSAGE 3 — Questions 21-30

Barbed wire, first patented in the United States in 1867, played an important part in the development of American farming, as it enabled the settlers to make effective fencing to enclose their land and keep cattle away from their crops This had a considerable effect on cattle ranching, since the herds no longer had unrestricted use of the plains for grazing, and the fencing led to conflict between the farmers and the cattle ranchers

oe

2I

Before barbed wire came into general use, fencing was often made from serrated wire, which was

wire and less affected by temperature changes Single strand wire, round or oval, is made from high-tensile steel with the barbs crimped or welded on The steel wires used are galvanized ~ coated with zine to make them rustproof The two wires that make up the line wire or cable are fed separately into a machine at one end They leave it at the other end twisted together and barbed.The wire to make the barbs is fed into the ‘machine from the sides and cut to length by Knives that cut diagonally through the wire to produce a sharp point This process continues automatically, and the finished barbed wire is wound onto reels, usually made

of wire, in lengths of 400 meters or in weights of up to 50 kilograms A variation of barbed wire is also used f

for military purposes It is formed into long coils or entanglements called concertina wire 21 What is the main topic of the passage?

‘A Cattle ranching in the United States B A type of fencing,

C Industrial uses of wire

22 The word "unrestricted" is closest in meaning to

A unsatisfactory B difficult C considerable D unlimited 23 The word "snap" could best be replaced by which of the following?

A freeze B click C loosen D break 24, What is the benefit of using two-stranded barbed wire?

A Improved rust-resistance B, Increased strength C More rapid attachment of barbs

D Easier installation 25, According to the author, the steel wires used to make barbed wire are specially processed to

‘A protect them against rust

26 The word "fed" is closest in meaning to

B, prevent the reel from advancing too rapidly

28, What is the author's purpose in the third paragraph?

‘A To explain the importance of the wire B To outline the difficulty of making the wire C To describe how the wire is made

D To suggest several different uses of the wire

22

`

29, According to the passage, concertina wire is used for

A, livestock management B international communications C prison enclosures

D, military purposes 30 Which of the following most closely resembles the fencing described in the passage?

D PASSAGE 4 ~ Questions 31-40

Each advance in microscopic technique has provided scientists with new perspective, on the function of living organisms and the nature of matter itself The invention of the visible light microscope late in the sixteenth century introduced a previously unknown realm of single-celled plants and animals In the twentieth century, electron microscopes have provided direct views of viruses and minuscule surface structures Now another type of microscope, one that utilizes X rays rather than light or electrons, offers a different way of examining tiny details; it should extend human perception still farther into the natural world

‘The dream of building an X-ray microscope dates to 1895; its development, however, was virtually halted in the 1940's because the development of the electron microscope was progressing rapidly During the 1940's electron microscopes routinely achieved resolution better than that possible with a visible-light microscope, while the performance of X-ray microscopes resisted improvement In recent years, however, interest in X-ray microscopes has revived, largely because of advances such as the development of new sources of X-ray illumination, As a result, the brightness available today is millions of times that of X-ray tubes, which, for most of the century, were the only available sources of soft X rays

‘The new X-ray microscopes considerably improve on the resolution provided by optical microscopes They can also be used to map the distribution of certain chemical elements Some can form pictures in extremely short times; others hold the promise of special capabilities such as three-dimensional imaging Unlike conventional electron microscopy, X ray microscopy enables specimens to be kept in air and in water, which means that biological samples can be studied under conditions similar to their natural state The illumination used, so-called soft X rays in the wavelength range of twenty to forty angstroms (an angstrom is one ten-billionth of a meter), is also sufficiently penetrating to image intact biological cells in many cases Because of the wavelength of the X rays used, soft X-ray microscopes will never match the

23

highest resolution possible with electron microscopes Rather, their special properties will make possible

B Sources of illumination for microscope C A new kind of microscope

D Outdated microscopic techniques 32 According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to

‘A see viruses directly B develop the electron microscope later on C understand more about the distribution of the chemical elements D discover single-celled plants and animals they had never seen before 33 The word "minuscule" is closest in meaning to

A citeular B dangerous C complex Dz tiny 34 The word "it" refers to

A attype of microscope B, human perception the natural world D light

‘A To begin a discussion of sixteenth-century discoveries

B The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently

D X-ray microscopes were too complicated to operate

A constitutes B specifies C expands D allows 38, The word "Rather" in fine 25 is closest in meaning to

) Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future?

B They will eventually be much cheaper to produce than they are now

20 W ca

24

major competitive newspapers 3 The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following reasons?

A They provided a break from serious news stories 4 To say that Richard Outeault had been "lured away from’ the World by Hearst (line 9) means

which of the following? ‘A Hearst convinced Outeault to leave the World 5 The word “it” in line 11 refer to A The “Yellow Kid” 6 According to the passage, the “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to do all of the following

EXCEPT C appear in a Chicago newspaper

C com 8 The word "prototype" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

D model 9 The word "staple" in line 22 is closest in meaning to A regular feature 10 In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage? B In the order in

11, What is the main point of the first paragraph?

D The tides are the most powerful force to affect the movement of ocean water 12 The word "felt" in line 3 is closest in meaning to C detected

13 The words "In reality” in line 8 are closest in meaning to B actually 14, It can be inferred from the passage that the most important factor in determining how much

gravitational effect one object in space has on the tides is B distance 15 The word "correspondingly" in line 11 is closest in meaning to C similarly 16 What is the cause of spring tides?

B The gravitational pull of the Sun and the Moon when nearly in line with the Earth 17 The word "configuration" in line 18 is closest in meaning to

D arrangement 18, Neap tides occur when

‘A the Sun counteracts the Moon's gravitational attraction 19, According to the passage, all of the following statements about tides are true EXCEPT: C

‘The strongest tides occur at the quarters of the Moon 20 Where in the passage does the author mention movements of ocean water other than those

caused by tides? A, Lines 2-5

25

SAGE 3 — Questions 2 21 What is the main topic of the passage? B A type of fencing 22 The word "unrestricted" in line 4 is closest in meaning to D unlimited 23 The word "snap" in line 7 could best be replaced by which of the following? D break 24, What is the benefit of using two-stranded barbed wire? B Increased strength

26 The word "fed" in line 17 is closest in meaning to A put

28 What is the author's purpose in the third paragraph?

C To describe how the wire is made 29, According to the passage, concertina wire is used for

D military purposes 30 Which of the following most closely resembles the fencing described in the passage?

A PASSAGE 4 — Quest 31 What does the passage mainly discuss? C A new kind of microscope 32 According to the passage, the invention of the visible-light microscope allowed scientists to

D discover single-celled plants and animals they had never seen before 33 The word "minuscule" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

D.tiny 34 The word "it" in line 7 refers to

A a type of microscope 35 Why does the author mention the visible-light microscope in the first paragraph? B To put the

X-ray microscope in a historical perspective 36 Why did it take so long to develop the X-ray microscope?

B The source of illumination was not bright enough until recently 37 The word "enables" in line 20 is closest in meaning to D allows 38 The word "Rather" in line 25 is closest in meaning to D instead 39 The word "those" in line 29 refers to B investigations

40 Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about X-ray microscopes in the future? C They will provide information not available from other kinds of microscopes

26

Directio about it answer s you have passage

You hav sheet PASSA‘

they ha ancient beads | their ov buried bead be desirab often v beads ¢ context most m bead r while primar have 0 as the

archae 1W

.

CODE2 READING PAPER ‘Time permitted: 60 minutes

Number of questions: 40

Directions:in this section you will read FOUR different passages Each one is followed by 10 questions ‘about it, For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or, to each question Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer ‘you have chosen, Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that

wssage “ow have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer

sheet PASSAGE 1 — Questions 1-10

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found in ancient archaeological sites In the past, as today, men, women, and children adorned themselves with beads In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further change their appearance Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time,

Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of attire, beads possess the

often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today's market Pleasing to look at and touch, ‘beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them

Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to unravel Even the most mundane beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context

‘The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research While often regarded ‘as the "small change of civi lizations,” beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication

1 What is the main subject of the passage? A Materials used in making beads B How beads are made

The reasons for studying beads D, Different types of beads 2 The word "adorned" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A protected B decorated purchased D enjoyed ‘The word “attire” in paragraph

A ritual B importance C clothing D history 4 All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT

A durability

2

5 According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to touch beads EXCEPT the

A shape B color C material D odor 6 The word “unravel” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

‘A communicate B transport C improve D discover 7 The word "mundane" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A carved B beautiful C ordinary D heavy 8, It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they

A are small in size B have been buried underground C have been moved from their original locations D are frequently lost

9 Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the following?

A Anthropologist B Agricultural experts C Medical researchers D, Economists

10 Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance beads may change?

A Lines 2-4 B Lines 5-8 C Lines 11-13 D, Lines 19-21 PASSAGE 2 — Questions 11-20

‘The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously, when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside intervention Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulated to emit it as light

Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paper published in 1917 However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and molecules always were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulated emission thus always would be much weaker It was not until

ways by which one atom or molecule could stimulate many others to emit light, amplifying it to much higher powers

‘The first to succeed was Charles H Townes, then at Columbia University in New York Instead of ‘working with light, however, he worked with microwaves, which have a much longer wavelength, and built a device he called a “maser,” for Microwave Amplification by the Stimulated Emission of Radiation Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the first maser was not completed until a couple of years later Before long, many other physicists were building masers and trying to discover how to produce stimulated emission at even shorter wavelengths

‘The key concepts emerged about 1957 Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify stimulated emission of visible light waves At about the same time, similar ideas crystallized in the mind of Gordon Gould, then a 37- yearold graduate student at Columbia, who wrote them down in a series of notebooks Townes and Schawlow published their ideas in a scientific journal, physical Review Letters, but Gould filed a patent application Three decades later, people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser

of les ent in aly di aht tế of it er ed ne

id nt

11 The word “coined” in paragraph 1 could best be replaced by A created

B mentioned C understood D discovered 12 The word “intervention” in paragraph 1 can best be replaced by

A need B device C influence D, source 13 The word “it” in paragraph 1 refers to

A light bulb B energy C molecule D, atom 14 Which of the following statements best describes a laser?

‘A A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light B Anatom ina high-energy state

C A technique for destroying atoms or molecules D An instrument for measuring light waves 15 Why was Towne's early work with stimulated emission done with microwaves? A He was not

concerned with light amplification B It was easier to work with longer wavelengths C His partner Schawlow had already begun work on the laser,

D The laser had already been developed 16 In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the following EXCEPT

A stimulated emission B microwaves light ampli

D a maser 17 In approximately what year was the first maser built?

A 1917 B 1951 1953 D 1957 18 The word “emerged” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A increased B, concluded C succeeded D appeared 19 The word “outlining” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

A assigning B studying C checking D summarizing 20 Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?

‘A The researchers’ notebooks were lost

No one claimed credit for the development until recently ‘The work is still incomplete

ation

€ D

29

PASSAGE 3 — Questions 21-30

In the United States in the early 1800's, individual state governments had more effeet on the economy than did the federal government States chartered manufacturing, banking, mining, and transportation firms and participated in the construction of various internal improvements such as canals, turnpikes, and railroads The states encouraged internal improvements in two distinet ways: first, by actually establishing state companies to build such improvements; second, by providing part of the capital for mixed public-private companies setting out to make a profit,

In the early nineteenth century, state governments also engaged in a surprisingly large amount of direct regulatory activity, including extensive licensing and inspection programs Licensing targets reflected both similarities in and differences between the economy of the nineteenth century and that of today: in the nineteenth century, state regulation through licensing fell especially on peddlers, innkeepers, and retail merchants of various kinds The perishable commodities of trade generally came under state inspection, and such important frontier staples as lumber and gunpowder were also subject to state control Finally, state governments experimented with direct labor and business regulation designed to help the individual laborer or consumer, including setting maximum limits on hours of work and restrictions on price-fixing by businesses

‘Although the states dominated economic activity during this period, the federal government was not inactive Its goals were the facilitation of western settlement and the development of native industries ‘Toward these ends the federal government pursued several courses of action It established a national bank to stabilize banking activities in the country and, in part, to provide a supply of relatively easy money to the frontier, where it was greatly needed for settlement It permitted access to public western lands on increasingly easy terms, culminating in the Homestead Act of 1862, by which title to land could be claimed ‘on the basis of residence alone Finally, it set up a system of tariffs that was basically protectionist in effect, although maneuvering for position by various regional interests produced frequent changes in tariff rates throughout the nineteenth century

21 What does the passage mainly discuss?

A States! rights versus federal rights B The participation of state governments in railroad, canal, and turnpike construction C The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the nineteenth century D Regulatory activity by state governments

22 The word "effect" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A.value B argument C influence D restraint

A mining B banking, C manufacturing D, higher education 24 The word "distinct" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A separate B innovative C alarming D provocative 25, It can be inferred from the first paragraph that in the nineteenth century canals and railroads were

A built with money that came from the federal government B much more expensive to build than they had been previously C built predominantly in the westem part of the country D sometimes built in part by state companies

26 The regulatory activities of state governments included all of the following EXCEPT

A licensing of retail merchants B inspecting materials used in turnpike maintenance C imposing limits on price fixing

D control of lumber

30

29 Acoo

/ 1 ( i 30 Whi

cent

PASSA three bi transitic

life first ter and anil record evolutic of cont plant-e the bou Situria by putt deposi animal were e rem

organi views revisic 31 Th

32, A

the nd us, ly ed oth ail or vot 2s he on ot,

re

B analyzing C establishing D avoiding

B decisions C services D goals 29, According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of 1862?

A It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West B It was a law first passed by state governments in the West

C It increased the money supply in the West D It established tariffs in a number of regions 30 Which of the following activities was the responsibility of the federal government in the nineteenth

century? ‘A Control of the manufacture of gunpowder

B Determining the conditions under which individuals worked C Regulation of the supply of money

D Inspection of new homes built on western lands PASSAGE 4 - Questions 31-40

Life originated in the early seas less than a billion years after the Earth was formed Yet another three billion years were to pass before the first plants and animals appeared on the continents Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as was the genesis of life

What forms of life were able to make such a drastie change in lifestyle? The traditional view of the first terrestrial organisms is based on megafossils — relatively large specimens of essentially whole plants and animals Vascular plants, related to modern seed plants and ferns, left the first comprehensive megafossil record Because of this, it has been commonly assumed that the sequence of terrestrialization reflected the evolution of modem terrestrial ecosystems In this view, primitive vascular plants first colonized the margins of continental waters, followed by animals that fed on the plants, and lastly by animals that preyed on the plant-eaters Moreover, the megafossils suggest that terrestrial life appeared and diversified explosively near the boundary between the Silurian and the Devonian periods, a litle more than 400 million years ago

Recently, however, paleontologists have been taking a closer look at the sediments below this Silurian-Devonian geological boundary It turns out that some fossils can be extracted from these sediments by putting the rocks in an acid bath The technique has uncovered new evidence from sediments that were deposited near the shores of the ancient oceans — plant microfossils and microscopic pieces of small animals In many instances the specimens are less than one-tenth of a millimeter in diameter Although they were entombed in the rocks for hundreds of millions of years, many of the fossils consist of the organic remains of the organism

These newly discovered fossils have not only revealed the existence of previously unknown organisms, but have also pushed back these dates for the invasion of land by multicellular organisms Our views about the nature of the early plant and animal communities are now being revised And with those revisions come new speculations about the first terrestrial life-forms

A widespread B radical C progressive D risky 32 According to the theory that the author calls "the trac

appear on land? A Bacteri B Meat-eating animals C Plant-eating animals D Vascular plants

jonal view," what was the first form of life to

31

33 According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago?

D Life began to develop in the ancient seas

B preserved

B They were found in approximately the same numbers as vascular plant fossils

‘A The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised B Old techniques for analyzing fossils were found to have new uses

C The origins of primitive sea life were explained D Assumptions about the locations of ancient seas were changed 40 With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?

A The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself B The discovery of microfossils supports the traditional view of how terrestrial life evolved C New species have appeared at the same rate over the course of the last 400 million years

Ir 18.T 19.T

32

PHÂN LOẠI ĐỘ KHÓ

3, The word “attire” in Tine 9 is closest in meaning to C clothing 4 All of the following are given as characteristics of collectible objects EXCEPT D

scarcity 5, According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to

touch beads EXCEPT the D odor

6 The word "unravel" in line 16 is closest in meaning to D discover 7 The word "mundane" in line 16 is closest in meaning to C ordinary 8 Itis difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they

have been moved from their original locations 9 Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which

of the following? A Anthropologist 10 Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance beads may

change? B Lines PASSA\

11 The word “coined” in line 1 could best be replaced by A created 12 The word “intervention” in line 4 can best be replaced by C influence 13 The word “it” in line 4 refers to

B energy 14, Which of the following statements best describes a laser?

A A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light 15 Why was Towne's early work with stimulated emission done with microwaves? B It

‘was easier to work with longer wavelengths

C light amplification 17 In approximately what year was the first maser built?

C 1953 18 The word “emerged” in line 20 is closest in meaning to D appeared 19 The word “outlining” in line 21 is closest in meaning to

D summarizing, 20 Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the laser?

B Several people were developing the idea at the same time

C The roles of state and federal governments in the economy of the

33

22 The word "effect" in line 1 is closest in meaning to C influence 23 All of the following are mentioned in the passage as areas that involved state

‘governments in the nineteenth century EXCEPT D higher education,

24 The word "distinct" in line 5 is closest in meaning to A separate

26 The regulatory activities of state governments included all of the following EXCEPT B inspecting materials used in turnpike maintenance

28 The word "ends" in line 20 is closest in meaning to D goals 29 According to the passage, which of the following is true of the Homestead Act of

1862? A It made it increasingly possible for settlers to obtain land in the West 30 Which of the following activi ties was the responsibility of the federal government

in the nineteenth century? C Regulation of the supply of money PASSAGE 4 — Questions 31-4

31 The word "drastic" in line 5 is closest in meaning to B radical 32 According to the theory that the author calls "the traditional view," what was the first

form of life to appear on land? D, Vascular plants 33 According to the passage, what happened about 400 million years ago? B New life-

forms on land developed at a rapid rate 34 The word "extracted" in line 17 is closest in meaning to

C removed

36 The word "instances" in line 20 is closest in meaning to C cases 37 The word "they" in line 21 refers to

D specimens 38 The word "entombed" in line 21 is closest in meaning to B trapped 39 Which of the following resulted from the discovery of microscopic fossils?

‘A The time estimate for the first appearance of terrestrial life-forms was revised 40 With which of the following conclusions would the author probably agree?

‘A The evolution of terrestrial life was as complicated as the origin of life itself

34

Directions about it, Fo answer she you have cl ‘passage

You have 6 sheet

1784, Whe named afte In August for a trifle Teast @ st evidently : carpet ab¢ (hiipz/iws

Pt write poe 1770, "At Reverend Philadelpl

\ of her po: to ask S evangelic published wrote ap independ After and ber | remainin

of Phillis publish a 1 It cat

CODE 3 READING PAPER ‘Time permitted: 60 minutes

Number of questions: 40

Directionsiln this section you will read FOUR different passages Each one is followed by 10 questions ‘about it For questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B,C or D, to each question Then, on your ‘newer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage

‘You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet

1784, When she was 7 oF 8, she was sold as a slave to John and Susanna Wheatley of Boston She was named after the ship that brought her to America, The Phillis The Poetry Foundation describes her sale: In August 1761, “in want of a domestic,” Susanna Wheatley, purchased “a slender, frail female child for a trifle” The captain of the slave ship believed that the waif was terminally ill, and he wanted at least a smali profit before she died The family surmised the gir—who was “of slender frame and evidently suffering from a change of climate,” nearly naked, with “no other covering than a quantity of dirty carpet about her” - to be “about seven years old from the circumstances of shedding her front teeth.” (http://www poetryfoundation.org/bio/phillis-wheatley)

Phillis was very intelligent ‘The Wheatley family taught her to read and write, and encouraged her to write poetry Her first poem “On Messrs Hussey and Coffin” was published when she was only twelve In 1770, "An Elegiae Poem, on the Death of that Celebrated Divine, and Eminent Servant of Jesus Christ, the Reverend and Learned George Whitefield” made her famous It was published in Boston, Newport, and Philadelphia

‘When she was eighteen, Phillis and Mrs, Wheatley tried to sell a collection containing twenty-eight of her poems Colonists did not want to buy poetry written by an African Mrs Wheatley wrote to England to ask Selina Hastings, Countess of Huntingdon, for help The countess was a wealthy supporter of ‘evangelical and abolitionist (anti-slavery) causes She had Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral published in England in 1773 This book made Phillis famous in England and the thirteen colonies She ‘wrote a poem for George Washington in 1775, and he praised her work They met in 1776, Phillis supported independence for the colonies during the Revolutionary War

‘After her master died, Phillis was emancipated She married John Peters, a free black man, in 1778 She and her husband lost two children as infants John would be imprisoned for debt in 1784 Phillis and her remaining child died in December of 1784 and were buried in an unmarked grave Nevertheless, the legacy of Phillis Wheatly lives on She became the first African American and the first slave in the United States to

publish a book She proved that slaves or former slaves had a valuable voice in the Revolutionary era 1 Itcan be inferred from the passage that the Countess of Huntingdon

‘A didnt care about Phillis' poetry B helped Phillis get her writings published believed in slavery

D was surprised that Phillis could read and write 2 What question is answered in last paragraph?

A Who did Phillis marry? B Where were Phillis’ works published? C What did Phillis prove?

D Why was Phillis aslave? 3 Phillis finally became free

‘A when she published her poems in England B after meeting the Countess of Huntingdon C when she became wealthy

D after her master died

35

4 Phillis first attempt at selling her poetry in America (the colonies) was

A illegal B imaginary C unsuccessful

D successful 5 Which of the following is TRUE about Phillis Wheatley?

‘A She was the first African-American slave to visit England, B She was the first African-American and slave to publish a book in the United States C She was the first African-American and slave to be able to read and write D She was the first

African-American and slave to meet George Washington 6 The Wheatley family estimated the age of the slave gitl they named "Phills" by

A her size B the condition of her teeth her color

D her weight 7 By the age of twelve, Phillis was

‘Ano longer a slave B married

C a published poet D, still not able to read or write 8 The slaveowner who sold Phillis to the Wheatley family believed

A she would soon recover from her illness B she was very intelligent

CC she was worth a lot of money she would soon die

9 Who was George Whitefield?

A Amilitary general B Somebody who Phillis admired greatly Phillis' husband

D.A slave owner 10 Where is Phillis Wheatley buried?

‘A No one knows B Africa

C Boston D Virginia PASSAGE 2 — Questions 11-20

‘The conservatism of the early English colonists in North America, their strong attachment to the English way of doing things, would play a major part in the furniture that was made in New England The very tools that the first New England furniture makers used were, after all, not much different from those used for centuries- even millennia: basic hammers, saws, chisels, planes, augers, compasses, and measures ‘These were the tools used more or less by all people who worked with wood: carpenters, barrel makers, and shipwrights At most the furniture makers might have had planes with special edges or more delicate chise! but there could not have been much specialization in the early years of the colonies

‘The furniture makers in those early decades of the 1600” s were known as “joiners,” for the primary method of constructing furniture, at least among the English of this time, was that of mortise-and-tenon joinery The mortise is the hole chiseled and cut into one piece of wood, while the tenon is the tongue or protruding clement shaped from another piece of wood so that it fits into the mortise; and another small hole is then drilled (with the auger) through the mortised end and the tenon so that a whittled peg can secure the joint- thus the term “joiner.” Panels were fitted into slots on the basic frames This kind of construction was used for making everything from houses to chests

Relatively little hardware was used during this period Some nails- forged by hand- were used, but no screws or glue Hinges were often made of leather, but metal hinges were also used The cruder varieties were made by blacksmiths in the colonies, but the finer metal elements were imported Locks and escutcheon plates - the latter to shield the wood from the metal key- would often be imported Above all,

36

what the e8 traditional t 11 The phí

14 For

B simple CC projecting D._ important

B abook and its cover C acup and a saucer D ahammer and a nail

B To make a tenon € To drill a hole D To measure a panel 15 Which of the following were NOT used in the construction of colonial furniture?

‘A Mottises B Nails C Hinges D Screws, 16 The author implies that colonial metalworkers were

‘A unable to make elaborate parts B more skilled than woodworkers C._ more conservative than other colonists

D frequently employed by joiners 17 The word “shield” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A decorate

B copy C shape D protect 18 The word “they” in paragraph 3 refers to

A designs B types C colonists Dall 19 The author implies that the colonial joiners

A were highly paid B, based their furniture on English models C used many specialized tools

D had to adjust to using new kinds of wood in New England 20 Which of the following terms does the author explain in the passage?

A “millennia” B “joiners” C “whittled” D “blacksmiths”

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PASSAGE 3 - Questions 21-30

In addition to their military role, the forts of the nineteenth century provided numerous other benefits for the American West The establishment of these posts opened new roads and provided for the protection of daring adventurers and expeditions as well as established settlers Forts also served as bases where enterprising entrepreneurs could bring commerce to the West, providing supplies and refreshments to soldiers as well as to pioneers Posts like Fort Laramie provided supplies for wagon trains traveling the natural highways toward new frontiers Some posts became stations for the pony express; still others, such as Fort Davis, were stagecoach stops for weary travelers All of these functions, of course, suggest that the contributions of the forts to the civilization and development of the West extended beyond patrol duty

‘Through the establishment of military posts, yet other contributions were made to the development of western culture Many posts maintained libraries or reading rooms, and some - for example, Fort Davis had schools Post chapels provided a setting for religious services and weddings Throughout the wilderness, post bands provided entertainment and boosted morale During the last part of the nineteenth century to reduce expenses, gardening was encouraged at the forts, thus making experimental agriculture another activity of the military The military stationed at the various forts also played a role in civilian life by assisting in maintaining order, and civilian officials often called on the army for protection

Certainly, among other significant contributions the army made to the improvement of the conditions of life was the investigation of the relationships among health, climate, and architecture From the earliest colonial times throughout the nineteenth century, disease ranked as the foremost problem in defense It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military functions Official documents from many regions contained innumerable reports of sickness that virtually incapacitated entire garrisons In response to the problems, detailed observations of architecture and climate and their relationships to the frequency of the ‘occurrence of various diseases were recorded at various posts across the nation by military surgeons

21 Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

‘A By the nineteenth century, forts were no longer used by the military B Surgeons at forts could not prevent outbreaks of disease

C Forts were important to the development of the American West D Life in nineteenth-century forts was very rough

22 The word “daring” in paragraph | is closest in meaning to

A lost B bold C lively D foolish 23, Which of the following would a traveler be likely be LEAST likely to obtain at Fort Laramie?

A Fresh water B Food C Formal clothing D Lodging 24 The word “others” in paragraph 1 refers to

A posts B wagon trains frontiers D highways 25 The word “boosted” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to

A influenced B established C raised D maintained 26 Which of the following is the most likely inference about the decision to promote gardening at forts?

A It was expensive to import produce from far away B Food brought in from outside was often spoiled C Gardening was a way to occupy otherwise idle soldiers D The soil near the forts was very fertile

A E c L PASSAC

/ counter} of stone rock) T certainly because surround includin Probabl of water environ fossil b 20,000 | years ol thousan often r ineludi the hyd Althous detects 31 Wh

32 Th

ofits tion vere 5 to the uch the tent vis- +10 her the the sẽ ons the the

A Insufficient shelter B Shortage of materials C Attacks by wild animals D Illness

28 The word “inhibited” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to A involved

B exploited C united D hindered 29, How did the military assists in the investigation of health problems?

A By registering annual birth and death rates, B By experiments with different building materials CC By maintaining records of diseases and potential causes D By monitoring the soldiers’ diets

30 The author organizes the discussion of forts by

A describing their locations B comparing their sizes C explaining their damage to the environment D listing their contributions to western life PASSAGE 4 ~ Questions 31-40

‘Anyone who has handled a fossilized bone knows that it is usually not exactly like its modem counterpart, the most obvious difference being that it is often much heavier Fossils often have the quality of stone rather than of organic materials, and this has led to the use of the term “petrifaction” (to bring about

certainly the explanation given in some texts But its wrong interpretation; fossils are frequently so dense because the pores and other spaces in the bone have become filled with minerals taken up from the surrounding, sediments Some fossil bones have all the interstitial spaces filled with foreign minerals, including the marrow cavity, if there is one, while others have taken up but little from their surroundings Probably all of the minerals deposited within the bone have been recrystallized from solution by the action of water percolating thru them The degree of mineralization appears to be determined by the nature of the environment in which the bone was deposited and not by the antiquity of the bone For example, the black fossil bones that are so common in many parts of Florida are heavily mineralized, but they are only about 20,000 years old, whereas many of the dinosaur bones from western Canada, which are about 75 milion years oid, are only partially filled in Under optimum conditions the process of mineralization probably takes ‘thousands rather than millions of years, perhaps considerably less

The amount of change that has occurred in fossil bone, even in bone as old as that of dinosaurs, is often remarkably small We are therefore usually able to see the microscopic structures of the bone, including such fine details as the lacunae where the living bone cells once resided The natural bone mineral, the hydroxyapatite, is virtually unaltered too - it has the same crystal structure as that of modern bone Although nothing remains of the original collagen, some of its component amino acids are usually still detectable, together with amino acids of the noncollagen proteins of bone

31 What does the passage mainly discuss?

‘A The location of fossils in North America B The composition of fossils

C Determining the size and weight of fossils D Procedures for analyzing fossils

32 The word “counterpart” in paragraph I is closest in meaning to

A species B version change D material

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