GÓC ĐẶT BÁNH XE DẪN HƯỠNG WHEEL ALIGNMENT pot

Description DescriptionCamber Steering axis inclination Caster... Camber Camber During CorneringNegative camber Centrifugal force Small positive camber Positive camber Straight-ahead dri

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WHEEL ALIGNMENT

Description Description

Camber

Steering axis inclination

Caster

Camber Description

C b

Negative Positive

Camber0

Camber

• Uneven wear of tire

Excess on positive side

Camber Negative Camber

Negative camber Positive camber

Camber Camber During Cornering

Negative camber

Centrifugal force

Small positive camber

Positive camber

Straight-ahead driving

Small positive camber

Cornering force

Centrifugal force

Straight-ahead driving

Large positive camber

Cornering force

Camber Zero Camber and Positive Camber

Caster and Caster Trail Description

Negative

- 0 +

PositiveCaster

Front

Caster angle

90°

Caster trail

Caster and Caster Trail Straight-line Stability and Wheel

Recovery

Straight-line stability due to caster angle

without Caster angle with Caster angle Jack-up

Caster trail

P, P’ : Driving force

a, a’ : Steering axis

O, O’ : Center of tire-road contact area

F, F’ : Reactive force F1, F2 : Composite force FF’1, F’2 : Composite force F’

T T’ : Recovery force

T, T : Recovery force

Caster and Caster Trail Nachlauf and Vorlauf Geometry

Steering Axis Inclination Description

Steering axis inclinationSteering axis centerline

Wheel centerline

90°

OffsetL

Steering Axis Inclination Roles of Steering Axis Inclination

1 Reduction of steering effort

2 Reduction of kickback and pulling to one side

Steering Axis Inclination Roles of Steering Axis Inclination

1 Reduction of steering effort

• Camber = zero

• Steering axis inclination = zero

1.Reduction of steering effort

Large offsetSteering axis inclination Positive camber

Small offset

Steering Axis Inclination Roles of Steering Axis Inclination

2 Reduction of kickback and pulling to one side

2 Reduction of kick-back and

pulling to one side/

3 Improvement straight-line

stability Large moment

Driving or braking force

Large offset

Small moment

Driving or braking force

Small offset

Steering Axis Inclination Roles of Steering Axis Inclination

Small moment

Large moment

Large angle small offset

Small angle large offsetsmall offset large offset

Toe (Toe angle, Toe-in and Toe-out) Description

Role of toe angle

Turning Radius (Wheel Angle, Turning Angle) Description

(the knuckle arm is parallel to the vehicle centerline)

When the rotational angle of left and right wheels is the same

Wheel Alignment Service Description

1 General/

2 Where to measure and cautions concerning tester handling/

3 Necessity of inspection before measurement of wheel alignment

Wheel Alignment Service Description

4 Importance of

chassis-to-ground clearance adjustment

before alignment measurement/

5 Road test/

6 Measurement results and

4.Important of chassis-to-ground clearance adjustment before alignment adjustment

how to use them

Bounding *1Toe

Caster

Camber

*1 State in which shock absorbers is shortened

*2 State in which shock absorbers is lengthened

Rebounding *2

Front Wheel Alignment Service Toe-angle

1 Tie rod behind the spindles

B

Short

BLong

2 Double tie rod type

Tie rod end

Steering rack housing

Steering rack end

A = B

Front Wheel Alignment Service Camber and Caster

3 Simultaneous camber and caster adjustment

Front Wheel Alignment Service Camber and Caster

1 Separate camber

adjustment

Shock absorber

Steering knuckle movement

absorber

Adjusting bolt

Lower arm

Front view

Front Wheel Alignment Service Camber and Caster

2 Separate caster

adjustment

Adjusting nut or spacer

Strut bar bracket

Front Wheel Alignment Service Camber and Caster

Upper arm

Front shimsarm is shifted by

Front Wheel Alignment Service Example of Camber and Caster

Adjustment

Camber

Left-right error

Standard values-0° 20’ ± 45’

(-0.33° ±

0 75°)

Measure values-0° 10’

(+

0 16°)g

Caster

Left-right error

0.75 )30’ (0.5°) or less

3° 20’ ± 45’

(3.33° ±0.75°)30’ (0.5°) or less

0.16°)+4° 20’

(+

4.33°)

Gauge

Alignment tester

Front Wheel Alignment Service Example of Camber and Caster

Adjustment

Front cam graduation +(Longer)

Camber Caster

-(Shorter) Front cam

graduation (L )

Camber

Rear cam 2.2 Front cam

-(Shorter)

+(Longer)

Front cam : (Longer) 1.8 Rear cam : (Shorter) 2.2

Front cam Front cam

(Longer) (Shorter) (Longer) Rear cam Rear cam (Shorter) (Longer) (Shorter)

Front Wheel Alignment Service Turning Radius (Wheel Angle, Turning

Angle)

Knuckle stopper bolt

A

Steering rack housing B

A = B

Rear Wheel Alignment Description

Dual-link strut type

Outside

Semi-trailing arm type

OutsideToe-out Toe-in

view