toefl ibt i speaking new edition nxb tổng hợp 2010 linguaforum 247 trang

Special features of this book include: * Overviews of Independent and Integrated Speaking tasks where you can find essential information related to each task such as directions, question

NEW EDITION

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In 2005, a new generation of the TOEFL test, the Internet-based test, or TOEFL iBT, was first offered in the US and soon phased in to the rest of the world Unlike any previous version, TOEFL iBT tests all the four language skills that test takers need for effective communication: listening, speaking, reading, and writing For the first time in the history of the TOEFL, speaking is tested directly and becomes a test section in its own right

LinguaForum TOEFL iBT i-Speaking (New Edition) has been designed to help you prepare for both the Independent and the Integrated tasks of the TOEFL iBT Special features of this book include:

* Overviews of Independent and Integrated Speaking tasks where you can find essential information related to each task such as directions, question types, general strategies to deal with the task and sample questions

+ Practical techniques to help you brainstorm and organize ideas as well as deliver your responses fluently and accurately

+ Templates to effectively frame your answers

+ An integrated workbook to provide extensive practice on task skills and two important areas: pronunciation and grammar

* Practice exercises and two complete speaking tests to monitor your progress and familiarize you with the actual test format and timing

The TOEFL iBT Speaking section has been considered by many test takers to be the hardest one, considering its format and timing While it may pose a big challenge for you to achieve a high score, it does not mean that a high score is impossible (as many people tend to believe) If you understand very clearly what is required from the tasks and study with clear objectives in mind, you can surely achieve your target score, no matter how high it is

LinguaForum Research Center TOEFL iBT Speaking toon Iviet.COt

This section helps you understand the Integrated Speaking tasks through explanations, sample questions and answers Again, three steps to deal with the Integrated Speaking tasks are introduced: eS

This section helps you understand what is required from the Independent Speaking tasks through explanations, sample questions and answers It also walks you through the three-step strategy to tackle the tasks:

- Outlining This step helps you brainstorm and organize your ideas for the responses © Speaking Grammar This step quickly reviews key structures and introduces useful templates to frame your responses © Delivery This step helps you practice producing your responses and self-assess your delivery www.nhantriviet.com

Outlining This step helps you organize ideas for your responses to the tasks For Tasks 3 and 4, you will take notes based on your reading and listening

For Tasks 5 and 6, you will take notes based on your listening only

- Speaking Grammar This step quickly reviews key structures related to the content of the reading / listening passages and introduces useful templates to frame

This step helps you practice producing your responses and self-assess your your responses ằ Delivery delivery ee ’ ——: ơ

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Two actual tests are provided to help you check progress and further familiarize yourself with the test format and timing

The workbook contains practice material on essential skills specific to the two types of TOEFL iBT i-Speaking tasks and practice exercises on pronunciation and grammar The Answer Key provides answers to all practice exercises and the actual tests eee eae

Task 1 Personal Preference Task 2 Paired Choice part B Integrated Tasks

_ Task 3 Fit & Explain Task 4 General / Specific Task 5 Problem & Solution Task 6 Summary

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4 Independent Task Skills 137 Integrated Task Skills

Task 1 Personal Preference Task 2 Paired Choice

In this section, you will demonstrate your ability to discuss a variety of topics You will provide speaking responses for Tasks 1 and 2 in the Independent Speaking section, and you will not be required to read a passage or listen to anything in order to answer the questions Rather, you will base your responses on your own experiences and opinions

What does the question ask?

: It asks you to talk about your personal hobbies, choices, interests, or events

.How much time do.| have? ASOD SINR Raha aR RSME pn 80

20 ee er ee ce we, eae mọc

Question Types for Task 1 s If you could only take one entertainment item with you on vacation, what would it be and why would you take it? Include details and examples in your response © Describe your favorite mode of transportation and why it is your favorite Please include details and examples in your response

* Ifyou could change one policy at your school, what policy would you change and why would you change it? Include examples and details to support your explanation l

- _Please — valet ee al s www.nhantriviet.con) Part A Independent Tasks 13

* Quickly understand what the question asks you to do

( ° (Produce many ideas through a brainstorming process ) © Organize the ideas in an outline

* Practice expressing key ideas in complete sentences ° Relax and speak clearly and confidently

* Do not hesitate or mumble, even when you make mistakes Remember, your time is limited

Studying abroad Making foreign friends

Fluent English, more chances for internships, etc

Social network, foreign friends, exciting experiences, etc

: It asks you to choose one of two perspectives on an issue or one of two ways of doing something

News in print or fais aa online news

Eating at home \ , =—_——— or atarestaurant ““ sẽ -

Study group or individual study

Doing research online or with actual books wane ‘How much time do | have?: Sed po e nt se hea ae : : ; ae é 2 : vì 5 ae Pater : : 60 seconds

Question Types for Task 2 ¢ Some people like to do activities (e.g a picnic, a walk, a short trip, a game) during a holiday Other people prefer to stay home and relax Which way do you prefer and why? ¢ Some students prefer living with a roommate, while others prefer to live alone Which do you prefer and why?

* Some people prefer to do extra work for more money, while others prefer to have more free time and spend less money Which option do you prefer and why? © Some people feel that a class grade should be determined by several tests, while others feel that a class grade should be determined by one research paper Which opinion do you prefer and why? ¢ Some people feel that surplus food should be given to starving people, while others feel that surplus food should be sold for profit Which opinion do you agree with and why?

4 phe Choose one of the two options } BORD RI es rrr!

* Quickly understand what the question asks you to do

* Choose one of the two options as quickly as you can ° (Produce many ideas through a brainstorming process )

* Organize the ideas in an outline

* Practice expressing key ideas in complete sentences

_ ©‘ Relax and speak clearly and confidently

4 * Do not hesitate or mumble, even when you make mistakes ee = agora

_ Which way of shopping © do you prefer? a

+ ô iw ORO al Honest opinions about products, compare & contrast freely, my friends negotiate for me, my supporters, etc

Task 1 will ask you to describe your personal life, choices, or interests You need to discuss an issue, a place, a holiday, a person, etc The topics for Task 1 will vary, but you will always be asked to base your response on your personal opinions or experiences When you respond, you need to provide your main topic along with reasons and supporting details

Q_ What is your favorite city in the world and why? Please include details and examples in your response

Preparation time : 15 seconds Response time : 45 seconds

Topic Reason 1 & Details Reason 2 & Details ¥

- Various kinds of ethnic foods

- Lots of people from all around the world

> My favorite city in the world is New York

> First, | like New York because of its diversity Meeting lots of people from all around the world and tasting various kinds of ethnic foods are what | love about New York

Convenience — A good transportation system — Many shopping malls

> Second, to live in New York is to live among many conveniences That | can live my life with a good

| Diversity — Various kinds of ethnic foods — Lots of people from all around the world

| transportation system and many shopping malls around is one of the greatest merits of living in New York

It is very important that you practice making key tdeas into complete respond to the questions { T ask 1 sentences AS YOU practice more, you will gain confidence

>> Read the questions and develop your ideas

1 What is the most fascinating place you have ever visited and what made it so interesting? Please include specific details and examples in your response

Boston Beautiful, ethnic food, convenient Splendid buildings, transportation

Paradise Hotel > Huge, western style, delicious food Gorgeous, cheap

2 Describe an activity you would like to do on weekends and explain why Include details and examples to support your explanation

3 If you could do one thing to improve your community, what would you do and why? Please include specific details and examples in your response

4 What do you think is the most helpful device ever invented and why do you think so? Include details and examples to support your explanation

Read the questions and fill in the blanks with key ideas

1 What is the most fascinating place you have ever visited and what made it so interesting?

Please include specific details and examples in your response

Streets are filled with A well-organized splendid buildings transportation system

3 lf you could do one thing to improve your community, what would you do and why?

Please include specific details and examples in your response

2 Describe an activity you would like to do on weekends and explain why Include details and examples to support your explanation

(2) Speaking Grammar - Ì ằ Sentence Structure: Subject + Predicate

Noun + Verb My favorite activity is to play soccer

To infinitive + Verb To play soccer in front of thousands of fans would be my dream come true

Gerund + Verb Playing soccer is my favorite activity during weekends

Noun clause + Verb That playing soccer is my favorite activity is known to all my friends

= Templates - Templates for Topic Sentences

As far as I'm concerned, As far as I'm concerned, my favorite activity is to play soccer

In my opinion, there is no better way to spend one’s weekend than playing in my opinion, soccer

‘One reason is that One reason is that soccer is exciting

The other reason is that playing soccer is a great way to enjoy spencing my time

: ‘ ‘ What I'm saying is that soccer is so fun that | even forget to eat while

What I’m saying is that playing it ae : bit db Ped Qed}

: In other words, soccer is an excellent activity that | can enjoy with m

In other words, + ai friends

Complete and speak your answers

What is the most fascinating place you have ever visited and what made it so interesting? Please include specific details and examples in your response

Topic As far as I’m concerned, Boston is the most fascinating place in the world

Reason? One reason is that Boston is very beautiful

Details What I am saying is that the streets in Boston are filled with splendid buildings

Reason2 The other reason is that Boston is very convenient iÐetãflš In other words, Boston has a good transportation system So, it’s very convenient to commute in Boston

Describe an activity you would like to do on weekends and explain why Include details and examples to support your explanation

(Reason One reason is that

“Details What I am saying is that

Reason2 The other reason is that Details In other words,

3 If you could do one thing to improve your community, what would you do and why? Please include specific details and examples in your response

Topic As far as I'm concerned,

Reason? One reason is that Details What I am saying is that

Reason2 The other reason is that Details In other words,

Reason One reason is that

‘Details’ What I am saying is that

Reason2 The other reason is that

1 Put a slash (*/') where you want to pause (after commas, before prepositions, conjunctions, etc.) and respond slowly

| | As far as I'm concerned, / Boston is the most fascinating place in the world / One reason is that / Boston | is very beautiful / What I am saying is that / the streets in Boston are filled with splendid buildings

/ The other reason is that / Boston is very convenient / In other words, / Boston has a good transportation system / So, /it’s very convenient to commute in Boston

* As shown above, practice the delivery with your answers for Q2, Q3, § Q4

Read the evaluation questions and check the level of your delivery On a scale from 1 to 5 (1 = very poor, 2 = poor, 3 = OK, 4 = good, 5 = very good), rank your delivery accordingly

Could you complete your response?

Is your answer coherent and unified?

Do you find a sequence in your response?

How is the use of vocabulary? ) ! l

Does your response show grammatical structures? |; ị i

How is the use of idiomatic expressions? Pay 2 ; l

Is your response fluent and smooth? | 1 ? ị 1 ls your pronunciation clear? | 1 ? } 1

| How is the use of stress and intonation? | 1 2 ‘ /

+ Use the extra evaluation sheets provided at the end of the main textbook (p.227) and evaluate your deliveries for Q2, Q3, & Q4

Read the questions and speak your answers

1 If you could only take one entertainment item with you on vacation, what would it be and why would you take it? Include details and examples in your response

Preparation time : 15 seconds | Response time : 45 seconds

2 Describe your favorite mode of transportation and why it is your favorite Please include details and examples in your response

3 What was your proudest moment in school and why are you proud of that moment? Use specific examples and details in your response

Reason 1 & Details Reason 2 & Details

Make an Outline Taple Individual projects

Fairer way to grade Better results students

- Team project: only 1 or 2 - Ind proj motivate stud work hard stud, to study harder

- Everyone gets the same - Team papers tend to grade: not fair! be short & superficial

> In my opinion, individual projects should be considered more important than team projects when grading students’ performances

| | Fairer way to grade students - Team project: only 1 or 2 stud work hard - Everyone gets the same grade:

| > This is because | believe the grading system based on individual work is a fairer way to grade students

| Nine times out of ten, only one or two students really work hard on a team project So, it is not fair if every member of a team gets the same grade regardless of their contribution

Better results - Ind proj motivate stud to study harder - Team papers tend to be short & superficial

> Another reason is that focusing on individual projects can derive better results from students Individual projects give students motivation to study harder, since students are aware that they're going to be graded based on their own work, while team papers tend to be relatively short and superficial ===

Read the questions and develop your ideas

Some people like listening to music while they study, and others would rather not listen to music while studying Which do you prefer and why?

Study with music Why Details

l Makes studying fun, Keeps me awake, time goes fast,

Listen to music = blocks other noise 3 — TV, family talking ‘

Concentrate better, studying is No music — ° ‘et iri ai — No sounds, study only, understand 7 priority

Some people like eating dinner at home on their birthdays, while others like going out to nice restaurants for their birthdays Which do you prefer and why?

Where to eat Why Details

Some people would like one four-month summer vacation from school, while other people would like separate, shorter vacations Which option do you prefer and why?

Kind of vacation Why Details

Some people prefer to work during the day, while others prefer to work at night Which way do you prefer and why?

When to work Why Details

Read the questions and fill in the blanks with key ideas

1 Some people like listening to music while they study, and others would rather not listen to music while studying Which do you prefer and why?

Makes studying fun Blocks other noise

- Keeps me awake “JV - Time goes fast - Family talking

3 Some people would like one four-month summer vacation from school, while other people would like separate, shorter vacations

Which option do you prefer and why?

2 Some people like eating dinner at home on their birthdays, while others like going out to nice restaurants for their birthdays Which do you prefer and why? opt :

4 some people prefer to work during the day, do you prefer and why?

Living in a small town is wiser than living in a big city

People who live in a small town feel more comfortable than people who live in a big city

People living in a small town are more aware of the quality of living than people living in a big city are a J1 )

| would say that people living in a small town are wiser than people living in a big city

| believe that people living in a small town feel more comfortable than people living in a big city

That's because it’s especially better to raise kids in a small town

‘Furthermore, people who live in a small town feel more comfortable than people who live in a big city

| mean our kids can benefit from a safe environment and a friendly neighborhood

Especially, clean air and pure water can help maintain good health

1 Some people like listening to music while they study, and others would rather not listen to music while studying Which do you prefer and why? jW@Wfậf 1 would say that listening to music while | study is more helpful than not listening to music

(Reason That's because music makes studying fun

(Reise Furthermore, | won't be disturbed by noise if | listen to music when | study

(aR ôEspecially, my family and relatives often gather together to watch TV and have talks If | listen to music while studying, | won't be annoyed by noise outside my room

2 Some people like eating dinner at home on their birthdays, while others like going out to nice restaurants for their birthdays Which do you prefer and why?

(RAF That's because (eee ôI mean Íẹ@W@ Furtherrmore, ews) Especially,

WWv/.nhìantrIvI2{ mm PartA ependen k 37

3 Some people would like one four-month summer vacation from school, while other people would like separate, shorter vacations Which option do you prefer and why?

(RESO Thats because (ee =I mean

4 Some people prefer to work during the day, while others prefer to work at night Which way do you prefer and why? ÔW8WWW I believe that Íẹ@@Wđƒƒ That’s because (OSG 1 mean Íẹ@@@W@ Furthermore, Wee) Especially,

Put a slash (“/”) where you want to pause (after commas, before prepositions, conjunctions, etc.) and respond slowly

I would say that listening to music / while I study is more helpful than not listening to music That“s Ẹ | because music makes studying fun , I mean | I can stay awake while studying if I listen to music that I love / Besides, / I feel that time flies , as I listen to my favorite music while studying

Furthermore, / 1 won't be disturbed by noise _ if I listen to music when I study / Especially, / my family and relatives often gather together to watch TV | and have talks studying, / I won't be annoyed by noise / outside my room

* As shown above, practice the delivery with your answers for Q2, Q3,& Q94

If I listen to music while

Do you fi find a sequence | in n your res response?

How i is | the use of f vocabulary?

Does your response show grammatical structures?

How i is the use of idiomatic expressions?

Is your response fluent and smooth? ellie

How is the use of stress and intonation?

* Use the extra evaluation sheets provided at the end of the main textbook (p.227) and evaluate your deliveries for Q2, Q3, & Q4

>> Read the questions and speak your answers

1 Some students prefer living with a roommate, while others prefer to live alone Which do you prefer and why?

Preparation time : 15 seconds | Response time ; 45 seconds

2 Some people like to do activities (e.g a picnic, a walk, a short trip, playing a game) on a holiday Other people prefer to stay home and relax Which way do you prefer and why?

3 Some people think that schools should emphasize the learning of art, while others think that the learning of science is more important Which opinion do you agree with and why?

4 Some people prefer to do extra work for more money, while others prefer to have more free time and spend less money Which option do you prefer and why?

5 Some people think that colleges should not keep students for more than five years, while others think colleges should allow students to attend as long as necessary Which opinion do you agree with and why?

6 Some people feel that a class grade should be determined by several tests, while others feel that a class grade should be determined by one research paper Which opinion do you prefer and why?

2 Some people like riding in car pools, while others like riding alone Which option do you prefer and why?

8 Some people feel that surplus food should be given to starving people, while others feel that surplus

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Vocabulary eat out have meals at a restaurant trivial = ô/) insignificant go through undergo preference ằ liking appreciation ằ thanks convenience | ease intelligence | cleverness cost-effective ô./) cheap vice versa i) conversely hold your horses be patient pick up your ears listen carefully judgmental! = ôci critical expectant ô:/) expecting for something good awesome ôaiij very amazing ằ skeptical ô:// doubtful self-centered adj selfish high-spirited = ô:/) full of joy anxious = ôac; worried tip of the iceberg a smail visible part to make a long story short to simplify

44 ¿ biased prejudiced outdated ¿ old-fashioned endurance’ patience magnificent ô4, very good educated / having gained knowledge at schoo! opinionated /, expressing one’s opinion strongly passionate /) having strong Zeal optimistic positive hesitation ›: pause due to uncertainty or fear idealistic ‹‹:: believing in something good outgoing ô/) sociable pathetic ôij causing sadness or sympathy gifted adj outstanding termination end, stop modify ôâ change intervene intentionally get involved give itatry attempt come up with suggest at the end of the day in the long run long for desire

A Choose the word which is closest in meaning to the vocabulary listed below

B Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks outdated educated questions asked

2 Though he did very poorly on his mid-temtest,hewas about the result of the test

3 Icouldn’t any solution to handle that situation because I was completely lost at that time

4 Iam so lucky that a(n) store is located right next to my house

5 The concert ticket was very expensive, but the performance was last night.

Fit & Explain General / Specific Problem & Solution Summary

In this section, you will demonstrate your ability to synthesize and paraphrase the listening and/ or reading passages In the Integrated Speaking section, you will respond to Tasks 3, 4, 5, and 6

Tasks 3 and 4 contain both reading and listening passages, and Tasks 5 and 6 contain listening passages only Tasks 3 & 5 ask questions related to campus life, and Tasks 4 and 6 ask questions related to lectures With the exception of Task 5, you are not basing your responses on your personal opinions or experiences but solely on information from the listening and/or reading passages

= It asks you to read an announcement, a notice, an e-mail, or even a memo left on a bulletin board

After reading, you will listen to a conversation between a male and a female student They will discuss the reading and one of the two students will explain his or her opinion about the reading ed Your task is to explain the reading and restate the main student's opinion, providing sufficient reasons and details

Conversation related to college life

* The man expresses his opinion of the announcement made by the Athletics Office State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion

* The woman expresses her opinion of the school’s plan for the book sale State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion

* The woman expresses her opinion of the announcement made by the university library State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion

*® The man expresses his opinion of the announcement about the car ban for freshmen State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion

Understand the question ) ung lên Read the passage & Take notes J

Listen to the conversation & Take notes |

* Quickly understand what the question asks you to do ® Find the main student when listening to the conversation ° (As you read and listen, organize the major ideas in an outline )

* Practice expressing key ideas in complete sentences e Relax and speak clearly and confidently

* Do not hesitate or mumble, even when you make mistakes

* Remember, your time is limited ©

+ : eR RW CEN AAN iy he Ge : State the main student's opinion and his or her reason! & details and reason 2 & details of the opinion

= It asks you to read an article, a textbook, or a journal After reading, you will listen to part of a lecture Your task is to understand the main idea of the reading passage and listen to the lecture that provides two examples of the main idea The question will ask you to integrate the reading and listening passages and explain how the lecture is related to the reading

Part of an academic lecture

How much time do | have?

Question Types for Task 4 © The professor explains the principle of mountain building through folding by giving examples

Vocabulary

refers to together

Animal deception is seen when animals adopt certain characteristics in is seen when

(Als: order to protect themselves from predators

According to the reading, creative destruction renders old products obsolete

The professor says that humans and gut flora get mutual benefits

The professor says that - ` - through their relationship

The professor discusses (A) The professor discusses computers and automobiles to illustrate and (B) to illustrate (C) creative destruction

The first example of (A) The first example of animal deception discussed by the professor is discussed by the professor is(B) mimicry

\W Complete and speak your answers

Main Idea Omnv animals eat meat & veg

Details - Can get nutr from any org source - Can eat if env destroys main food - Adv over anmls that rely on only meat or veg have over non-omnivores

Example 1 Large cats; e.g lions (non-omnv.)

Details - Rely on gazelles - Can only dig meat - Die if all gazelles die

Details - W dogs mainly eat meat - Can subsist on nuts, fruits & grass

| - Can survive if gazelles die

Omnivorous animals are species that feed on all kinds of organisms including animals, plants, etc

According to the reading, omnivorous advantage is the advantage in surviving that omnivores

The professor discusses wild cats and wild dogs to illustrate how omnivores have an advantage over non-omnivores First, wild cats and other felines are solely carnivorous This is because their digestive system can only digest meat The professor says if gazelles, which lions eat, were to die off, the lions would eventually starve to death because they can only absorb nutrients from other animals Second, the professor says that wild dogs are omnivorous, 50 they can consume any organic matter, such as fruits, nuts, and grass Even though wild dogs may hunt gazelles as their main food source, they would have an advantage over lions if the gazelle population died oF because wild dogs can resort to an alternative food source

2 Use your notes for Question 2

1 Put a slash (“/”) where you want to pause (after commas, before prepositions, conjunctions, etc.) and respond slowly

Omnivorous animals are species / that feed on all kinds of organisms / including animals, plants, etc

/ According to the reading, / omnivorous advantage is the advantage / in surviving that omnivores have over non-omnivores / The professor discusses wild cats / and wild dogs to illustrate how omnivores have an advantage over non-omnivores / First, / wild cats and other felines / are solely carnivorous / This is because their digestive system / can only digest meat / The professor says if gazelles, / which lions eat, / were to die off, / the lions would eventually starve to death / because they can only absorb nutrients from other animals / Second, / the professor says that / wild dogs are omnivorous, / so they can consume any organic matter, / such as fruits, nuts, and grass / Even though wild dogs may hunt gazelles / as their main food source, / they would have an advantage over lions / if the gazelle population died off / because wild dogs can resort to an alternative food source

+ As shown above, practice the delivery with your answer for Q2

Do you find a sequence in your response?

How is the use of vocabulary? / Does your response show grammatical structures?

How is the use of idiomatic expressions?

Is your response fluent and smooth?

How is the use of stress and intonation?

+ Use the extra evaluation sheet provided at the end of the main textbook (p.227) and evaluate your delivery for Q2 hộ tệ

Behavior Modification Behavior modification is a technique that administrators use in psychotherapy to attempt to change or control a person’s behavior An administrator can modify a person’s behavior through two dfferent methods: reinforcement and punishment Reinforcement involves rewarding the person when he behaves in a way the administrator desires Punishment, on the other hand, involves creating unpleasant conditions for a person when he behaves undesirably Both kinds of behavior modification are used to help people adapt to all kinds of situations and conditions

The professor talks about rewarding and punishing students Explain how this relates to the concept of behavior modification

Preparation time 30 seconds Response time : 60 seconds

Opportunity Costs Opportunity costs are the losses someone must undergo when choosing to produce or purchase one product over another product These losses can be either materials or opportunities The choice between the two different products must be made because the person lacks the resources needed to get both options Because the person cannot have both options, he will normally choose the option where either the quality or the quantity of the chosen product's benefits outweighs the loss of the other product

The professor talks about why entrepreneurs study public demand for certain goods Explain how this relates to the concept of opportunity costs

Nervous System The nervous system is a network of nerves that essentially regulates all of the body’s voluntary and involuntary biological functions and muscle movements One of the most important features of this — system is that it divides body functions into voluntary and involuntary actions Body functions that are necessary to maintain life are controlled by the nervous system automatically and humans essentialy have no control over them However, the system also allows a person direct conscious control over certain muscles This allows the person to perform helpful auxiliary tasks of his own volition

The professor talks about voluntary and involuntary organic functions in humans Explain how ths demonstrates the functioning of the nervous system

Short-term Memory Short-term memory is the part of a person’s memory used to store small bits of information for a short period of time Information in the short-term memory is immediately available for someone, but it can vanish through two different ways: decay and interference Decay is the gradual disappearance of information in the short-term memory that isn’t repeatedly applied Interference is the blocking of short-term information with the learning or memorizing of new information

The professor talks about ways to study for a chemistry exam Explain how her discussion of this relates to short-term memory

Vocabulary _ Lectures 2a intuition ằ_ instinctive knowledge acquisition ằ gain amnesia nằ.memory loss facilitate ôpromote retarded ôij mentally deficient conflict ằ disagreement, fight empathy s the act of having compassion enthusiasm › zeal insight ›¿ profound understanding socialize ômeet other people socially egocentric ôaj self-centered subsidize ~ô to pay part of the cost of sorrething llusion 1 daydream, fantasy tariff acharge for goods entering e comtry cognition 1ằ conscious mental process welfare the state's help given to peoplebelow the poverty line insanity ômadness Ẵ ý

- - monopol ằ complete control over sometiin mpulse_ằ.a strong desire to do something MB p 9 prosperity ằ success, great weath

Biology Nga mee leg replicate ằ copy catharsis 1 the release of strong sentinent

: : through a particular experience absorb ằ to take in something

- explicit adj open, obvious stimulate arouse someone to feel excited spontaneous i) suddenly happening withait an inhibit v restrain, slow down P | mas NER nay planning dipolar adj relating to two chà 9 xã opposing elements 9 fallacy ›; misleading notion or belef đeprive ›: prevent from having somethin

Roe UE il 9 inference s› belief that somethingis true onthe discriminate s› treat unequally basis of information presented cacophonyằ amixture of noise extrinsic ôadj coming from outside velocity speed resentment + anger receptive ôô/) easily approachable suppressằ hold back, hide integrity ằ honesty manifest ôdj apparent

Bok ih 5k oa aa om we

; = 2 es ee ae aT ah ea ape eee Sets oS " | prefer buying the book over finding the passages on the Internet That's because she may not be able to find the exact information she wants on the Internet If that is the case, she'll only be wasting her time Also, if she buys the book, she can use it again in the future whenever she needs it

Take notes as you listen to a conversation

Listening Now listen to a conversation between two students

90 Interview w/ a professor

Speaking Grammar Y

The professor had left before the student arrived

He works a lot of overtime because he is expecting to be promoted this year

Although his math class was extremely difficult, he managed to pass the course with a good grade

RS The man's problem is that he doesn't get along with his girlfriend becatse she has serious attitude problems

The woman is having problems finding an apartment to live in next semester

The man suggests that she either get some sleep at home or go see a i doctor

The woman advises that he should get a job or join the Peace Corps

‘a: | think the first solution is better because he won't have to worry about other people disturbing him

| think getting another roommate is better than living alone That is because he would never get lonely if he has someone to talk to

“> Complete and speak your answers

1 Notes for Question 1 Listening -note

Problem Interview wi a professor - Int History prof for project — Hist prof is on a field trip

| Interview him later | Interview diff prof now

| - More time to prepare questions - Have to change questions

| - Work on rest of proj tilthen — | - More time to work on proj

Reasons 1) Already have questions for the prof — Int will not be difficult 2) The prof will come back soon — Finding ano prof and preparing int might take longer

RRS = The man’s problem is that he has to interview his History professor for a project due in one week, but the professor is on a field trip

S8WWWðW/ The woman su22csts that he cither interview him later while working on the project or change his questions and interview a different professor now

He can work on strengthening his questions until his professor comes back Then the interview will be comparatively easy, since he is well prepared to interview the History professor Also, the professor may return soon, so he could be back in less time than the student would have to find arother professor and change his questions ww F11/1VIET.ŒC 1 Part B tecrater 1SkS 93

1 Put a slash (*“/”) where you want to pause (after commas, before prepositions, conjunctions, etc.) and respond slowly

The man’s problem is that / he has to interview his History professor for a project due in one week, but the professor is on a field trip / The woman suggests that / he either interview him later while working on the project / or change his questions / and interview a different professor now / I think the first solution is better / because he has already prepared questions / for the professor

He can work on strengthening his questions / until his professor comes back / Then the interview will be comparatively easy, / since he is well prepared / to interview the History professor / Also, / the professor may return soon, / so he could be back in less time / than the student would have to find another professor / and change his questions

* AS shown above, practice the delivery with your answer for Q2

Could you complete your response? ! | 2 3 | 4 | 5

Ils your answer coherent and unified? I 2 3 | 4 | 5 a T - ————

Do you find a sequence in your response? 1 | 2 3, | 4 | 5

How is the use of vocabulary? 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 1 5

Does your response show grammatical structures? } | 2 3 | 4 | 5

How is the use of idiomatic expressions? 1 2 3 ' 4 | 5

Is your response fluent and smooth? 1 | 2 3 | 4 | 5 co † _ |

How is the use of stress and intonation? I | 2 3 | 4 | 5

+ Use the extra evaluation sheet provided at the end of the main textbook (p.227) and evaluate your delivery for Q2

WAW.nhentriviet.com Part B Integrated Tasks 95

The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem Describe the problem Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why

The students discuss two possible solutions to the man's problem Describe the problem Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why

The students discuss two possible solutions to the woman’s problem Describe the problem Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why

The students discuss two possible solutions to the man’s problem Describe the problem Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why

Preparation time ;: 20 seconds Response time : 60 seconds

Vocabulary syllabus | acourse outline snack bar a small restaurant override permission to take a class

1, homework assignment credit hours the number of credit units curriculum a course of study lab short for laboratory dean - a leader in charge of a college, faculty, or division probation atrial period to improve grades before disciplinary action course withdrawal a policy that removes a student from official registration matriculation |: acceptance in a degree-granting program

- college catalog a catalog for perspective students study lounge a quiet area of a dormitory where students can study tenure | an academic rank that guarantees permanent status ằ distance learning studying at home through a computer advisor a faculty member or counselor assigned to help students for academic success, career planning, etc

100 coed ô/) having men and women study togetter minor ằ) asecondary area of study tuition hike an increase in fees for instruction term paper an assigned paper in each class GPA_ Grade Point Average sorority an organization for female studens pop quiz a quiz given without notice intercollegiate sports teams sports teams that compete with other colleges’ sports teams pass/fail grade a grading policy thet allows students to earn either a pass grade or a fail grade placement service acampus Office that assi:ts students in finding jobs practicum › an evaluation in which students must perform specific required tasks professor/academic rank a system of evaluiting faculty members semester the length of time durirg which a class is offered shuttle service free transportation offered ty a school plagiarism ằ using someone else’s work without giving the person credit work-study on campus when they have no classes ằ a program that lets s‘udents work

A Ch›ose the word which is closest in meaning to the vocabulary listed below

Override Study lounge Lab Tuition hike

B8 Conplete the sentences by filling in the blanks work-study sorority probation matricutation

(a) A small restaurant (b) Grade Point Average (c) A course of study

(d) A quiet area of a dormitory where students can study

(e) Homework (f) Permission to take a class (g) An increase in fees for instruction (h) Short for laboratory

(i) The number of credit units (j) A course outline coed intercollegiate spórts 0verride pLacement service

Some people believe schools are better than single-sex schools

A(n) is a social organization of women students at a college or university

He is worried because he must submit his

Many student job seekers do not know how the

_ by this Thursday allows students to enroll in a class can help them

Task 6 contains a lecture on an academic subject After listening to the lecture, you need to summarize the content of the lecture and state the topic, examples, and supporting details

Listening Now listen to part of a lecture in a music history class

When we think of classical music, we tend to think of a large and complex orchestra

Now, how many of you have ever wondered How the Orchestra Grew to SUER ailarge 8iZ2? Well, what we know is that the vudyn oi expanded gradually over the past four hundred years However, two developments helped the modern orchestra expand in its early days 0RQWNGS436669449)05.02406-ieiui Sh-xiniG:-(isàdse invention of valves Opera became a popular form of musical theater in the early seventeenth century Before opera, many rich Buropeen fan Mien hd 0/0008 of musicians for personal performances, ‘but these were fairy small groups When opera came along, composers began to write music for a theatrical audience, and this n8 D69 0N TRE TẾ AT ĐC PT EEG To) instrun pee nye ina (iouhettoổ m0 se, kGSA62RGE , later ata aie tate Kế nổ to dr0w/C7 tế lúc operas they wrote New inventions like the valve also led to the expansion of the modern orchestra 1 the aly eighteenth century, the valve was added to brass instruments, This made it easier to change the pitch, which provided players with a ne range of pitches ii eventually led to the use of several improved pe ee such as the trumpet, cornet, and tuba All of these new instruments would be added to the modern orchestra, providing it with not only more instruments, but also a greater variety of

Main idea Example 1 Details Example 2 Details

Q (1) Using points and examples from the talk, (2) explain how the invention of the opera and valves helped create the modern orchestra

Main Idea How orchestra became large & complex - 2 inventions: opera & valves

Opera (early 17" century) Valves (early 18" century)

- Eur families paid small mus groups - New invention on brass inst

- Opera req more players, spec parts - Easier to change pitch, wider range of pitches - Monteverdi exp size of orch early on - Improved inst.: tuba, cornet, & trumpet

- More inst & var of sounds

How orchestra became large & complex - 2 inventions: opera & valves

> In her lecture, the professor discusses two factors that brought about an increase in the size and complexity of the orchestra Those two factors were the invention of the opera and valves

Opera (early 17” C) - Eur families paid small mus groups - Opera req more players, spec parts - Monteverdi exp size of orch early on

~ According to the lecture, the opera became popular in the early seventeenth century in Europe Since the opera required a greater number of players and specific parts for each instrument, the orchestra became larger and more complex

Valves (early 18" C) - New invention on brass inst - Easier to change pitch, wider range of pitches - Improved ingt.: tuba, cornet, & trumpet - More inst & var of sounds ằ Another factor was the invention of the valve that occurred in the early eighteenth century The professor i says that the valve eased the way for brass instruments to change the pitch, creating a new range of pitches As a result, newly improved instruments, such as the trumpet, cornet, and tuba, were added to the orchestra, providing it with a variety of sounds

% Take notes as you listen to a lecture

Listening Now listen to part of a lecture on water circulation “>!

Main Idea Water circulation - Lots of water const circ

- Endless cycle refr water sources

Details - Heats up oceans, makes vapor - Vapor rises, becomes precip

- Scatters on land as rain & snow

Details - Magma heats up sea floor - Hot water rises, cold water sinks - Creates currents, like in North Atl.

Listening Now listen to part of a lecture in a botany class —

Speaking Grammar

ô Sentence Structure: Participle Phrases Present Participle: End ith” We didn't know that our mother was a working woman

E fe iis with a i” Because of the car accident, he has an injured arm

Perfect Participle: Having improved her English pronunciation, she could communicate with Ends with “having + ~ed” native English speakers much more smoothly

The lecture is mainly about | The lecture is mainly about the use of perspective in Renaissance paintings

The professor discusses The professor discusses the effects of the Industrial Revolution

RIES nh Cs et Si 5s He gives two examples of artistic imitation One is exaggerated drawin oars One is The other is in Xu pap apers een is impersonation a ma imitators tr l ie : l P l 9 ý look and to act like their subjects

(A) is another example of Reducing humidity is another example of preventing food deterioration

(A) enabled (B) The development of technology enabled distance learning and teaching

(A) is the most important According to the professor, an experience one has early in life is the most factor in important factor in determining one's personality

x ngờ 6n đc ca ocoe lim c.df

Main ldea Water circulation - Lots of water const circ

- Endless cycle refr water sources

- Heats up oceans, makes vapor - Magma heats up sea floor - Vapor rises, becomes precip - Hot water rises, cold water sinks - Scatters on land as rain & snow - Creates currents, like in North Atl

JWWNWNNS§W The professor discusses two power sources that help water circulation around the planet

ERMA) He gives two examples of water circulation One is solar radiation and the other is geothermal activity According to the professor, heat from solar radiation will evaporate water and cause it to rise into the atmosphere, where it loses heat to cooler air This transforms the water into precipitation that is scattered over the earth, such as rain or snow

(Eee, ôGeothermal activity is another example of water circulation This activity heats up deep ocean water, usually with the heat from magma flowing beneath the earth's crust As the warm water rises, cooler waters in the ocean begin to sink, and these actions form ocean currents Currents like the ones in the North Atlantic Ocean then enable water distribution throughout the planet’s océans

WW 2a NET 1 COI Part B Intea! ated Tash 107

Delivery Ẳ

1 Put a slash (“/") where you want to pause (after commas, before prepositions, conjunctions, etc.) and respond slowly

The professor discusses two power sources / that help water circulation / around the planet / He gives two examples / of water circulation / One is solar radiation / and the other is geothermal activity / According to the professor, / heat from solar radiation will evaporate water / and cause it to rise into the atmosphere, / where it loses heat to cooler air / This transforms the water into precipitation / that is scattered / over the earth, / such as rain or snow / Geothermal activity / is another example of water circulation / This activity heats up deep ocean water, / usually with the heat from magma flowing beneath the earth's crust / As the warm water rises, / cooler waters in the ocean begin to sink, / and these actions form ocean currents / Currents like the ones / in the North Atlantic Ocean / then enable water distribution / throughout the planet's oceans

* As shown above, practice the delivery with your answer for Q2

Could you complete your response? l 2 3 1 Š ls your answer coherent and unified? ! 2 3 | 1 | 5

Do you find a sequence in your response? ! 2 | 3 | 4 5

How is the use of vocabulary? ! 2 3 | “6 | 5

Does your response show grammatical structures? i 2 3 4 5

How is the use of idiomatic expressions? I | 2 3 4 †1'5

Is your response fluent and smooth? l | 2 | 3 1 5

How is the use of stress and intonation? J 2 3 | 1 5

* Use the extra evaluation sheet provided at the end of the main textbook (p.227) and evaluate your delivery for Q2

Using points and examples from the talk, explain how reliability and external appearance help determine the products a consumer buys

Using points and examples from the talk, explain how sublimation and activism have motivated writers to create literature

Using points and examples from the talk, explain how direct advertisements and indirect advertisements contribute to the success of a small company

Using points and examples from the talk, explain how the desire for more land, and taxation without representation, led to the American Revolution

Psychology assertive ô:/j self-confident cynical ô/j, believing that people are only interested in themselves and are not sincere panic ằ terror phobiaằ irrational fear subconsciousằ, the part of your mind that remembers information that you're not aware of agnosia 1, inability to recognize objects due to brain damage delusion ằ belief in something that is not true extroverted = ô/) outgoing or sociable perceptionằ the process or act of understanding stimulusằ something that rouses to action adaptation n the process of adjusting to a new environment fermentằ to cause a chemical change through the action of living substances such as yeast optical ucj having to do with sight plasticity 7 ability to be changed into a new shape sequence ằ a process gravity ằ the force that makes things fall to the ground particle + asmall piece of matter reinforce ằ to make something stronger enlargement extension in height or width capture seize or take captive

114 bai đá (G4 sÍ5 Sy, Sy 2 lag? Ny te ht’ Pa

Business / Economics transaction something ằ the process of buying or selling accumulation , collection over time patent ằ alegal right to make and sell anewy created item privilege a special right or opportunity that only a selected individual or group(s) can enjoy portable = ô/) small enough to carry around device +; amethod, machine, or an invention equivalent value adj) having the same amount, quaity, or continuity ằ uninterrupted succession substitution ằ replacement monopoly 1ằ complete control over something

Art & Literature 7 / aesthetic sense adj concerned with beauty in an artistic absurd = ôadj unreasonable applied art the application of design to objects of function and everyday use evoke to cause someone to remember sormetthing paradox contradiction probability likelihood literate ô/) able to read and write tangible ô./) able to be seen or touched allegory ằ astory that uses heavy symtolism calligraphy ~ the art of fine handwriting

A Choose the word which is closest in meaning to the vocabulary listed below

Paradox (a) The art of fine handwriting

Literate (b) A small piece of matter

Substitution - (d) Able to read and write

Particle * (e) Small enough to carry around

Assertive (i) Seize or take captive

B Complete the sentences by filling in the blanks

I noticed that she was about everything except friendship

In biology, is the process through which an organism becomes better adjusted to its habitat

A(n) _~ _ exists when an individual or a company has complete control over a particular product

The Japanese Defense Ministry wants to _ its army with more aircraft

I found out that there was an unauthorized made by the bank two weeks ago www ihantriviet.com Part B integrated Task 115

PAR T

Exercise 2

Exercise 9

Words with similar meanings Confusable words II CHỊ N5 A90 N2 067/7) / : //.//:-:

Collocations Phrasal verbs Broken English

Verb patterns Sentences containing adverbial clauses Sentences containing noun clauses Sentences containing adjective clauses Sentences containing 2 or more subordinate clauses

Exercise (1) Words with similar meanings

You may have used a thesaurus to find synonyms However, it is important to know that the thesaurus dffers the user a listing of similar or related words, but these words are not always interchangeable Therefor, i Pine Tenaya HP Mei aes ena, it is advisable that you create a list of your own gh careful observation of words used in contexts ~

A Choose the most appropriate word among those in parentheses to complete each sentence belcw

1 It's hard to understand Cheryl because of her British accent ý

2 Weare not able to communicate well, and it has become a big

3 I think the professors should hold a calm, reasonable

4 What he said was , but how he said it was very rude

5 My father doesn’t why I want to go to university in a different city

6 Itseemsrather _ _—— that you got sick before your test

7 There was a misunderstanding about why Mr Deane was not ait he meeting (total / whole)

8 In her first book, the author took us on an emotional that ended n betrayal (travel / trip / journey)

9 Due to problems with her health, Susan is to participate in sports

10 Give me one good why I should finish school

B Fill in each blank with the most appropriate English word according to the meaning of the sentence in Vietnamese:

1 Anh đã nhận được thư của anh ấy từ bưu điện chưa?

~ Did you ecelve his letter from the post office?

2 Chiếc máy tính đó tốn nhiều tiên đấy

~ That computer will a lot of money

3 Sau tai nan do, vết thương trên cơ thể anh ấy đã sớm lành lại, nhưng về mặt tinh than thi anh ấy vẫn đang dẫn hồi phục

~ After the accident, his physical wounds quickly, but emotionally he was still recovering

4 Thường không dễ dàng gì để quyết định hướng đi nào cho cuộc đời

~ Itis often not easy to upon which path to take in life

5 sinh sống ở nước Pháp là một cách rất hiệu quả để cải thiện kỹ năng nghe và nói tiếng Pháp của tôi

~ Living in France was a very way to improve my French listening and speaking skills

6 Bố tôi muốn tôi chọn giữa ngành y và ngành luật, nhưng tôi lại muốn học kỹ thuật

~ My father wants me to choose medicine and law, but I want to study engineering

7 Quyết định nhập ngũ thì dễ rồi; cái khó chính là phần huấn luyện cơ bản

The _ — to join the military was easy; the hard part was basic training

8 Tôi không nghi ngờ gì về việc công ty sẽ bổi thường cho người dân về sự hủy hoại môi trường

+ Ihad no that the company would compensate the citizens for the environmental damage

9 Nhà hàng phải cải thiện những tiêu chuẩn liên quan đến sức khỏe, nếu không nó sẽ bị đóng cửa

~ The restaurant must its health standards, or it will be closed

10 Emily da theo hoc cac khda vé phép xa giao, vì vậy cô ấy có cách cư xử rất phù hợp

~ Emily took lessons in etiquette, so she has very manners www, hantriviel.con Workbock 139

Exercise @ Confusable words check their meanings and pronunciation carefully

Some words are confusable because they look or sound similar to each other Keep a list of these words “le

% bề affection “gold Ỹ affectation 'golden £ alone human i lone humane

"basis lose Ặ beside noble besides novel casual precede Re causal proceed

*classical prosecute | conscious quiet conscientious quite

Bs course respective bes decent rise descent raise decreased sensible deceased sensitive delusion shade s illusion “shadow desert "sociable Št dessert “social _ eminent terrible i imminent terrific 2 extend transfer # expand transform cf ee The words marked with an asterisk are similar in meaning in certain contexts tiệc thế

Choose the appropriate word to complete each sentence below

Gas will ini when it gets hot

After my travels through China, I'd like to finish my journey with a trip (desert / dessert)

What, first-rate skiing, does the city have to offer tourists?

I think the fact that he was driving a sports car was a factor in why the police stopped him (casual / causal)

Samuel thought it best for the meeting to the luncheon, so that people could leave when they were finished eating (precede / proceed)

The students were disappointed because their principal decided to school into the summer (expand / extend)

The government will the old fish market into a tourist attraction

The theme of the detective novel was a case of mistaken identity

I don’t think there is anything about preventing refugees from leaving the camps (human / humane)

Over the last 10 years, the population in the rural farming areas has significantly (decreased / deceased)

My biggest of inspiration came from my grandfather; he was a musician, too (resource / source)

Due to the irreversible effects of global warming, a change to alternative sources of energy is

The doctors in the refugee camp tried to provide adequate medical care, but recurring shortages of clean water was a problem (continual / continuous)

If James continues to Ralph, I know it will end in violence

It was how Mary Anne was able to gain the trust of the clients so quickly (terrible / terrific)

Exefcise (3) Active vs Passive ị Participles derived from verbs are used as adjectives: ‘present participles have active meanings and past participles convey passive meanings For example, Gitappointing means “making somebody disappointed”

[EET olightul (NOT delighting), \inpreselve (NOT impressing) ee

A Write OK if the underlined word is used accurately; otherwise write the correct word form on the line provided

The audience was amazing by the enthusiastic performance of the band

Larry was annoying everyone with his rude, inappropriate behavior

The instructor felt the students were bored with the material, so he assigned a special group project =—

Vivian felt that the exam questions were confused, and so she thinks she may have failed

Kevin thought it was depressed to see how much of the forest had been cleared for housing ơ

Alexander had been hesitant to attend; but it turned out to be a delightful party

My parents must have felt embarrassed when they saw me scolded by my teacher

The spectators at the soccer game became more and more exciting as the game went into the second half —

Darren feels that by impressing the boss with his knowledge of the competition, he can get promoted quickly -—

How could I ever forget such an inspired song? +

B Fill in each blank with the most appropriate English word according to the meaning of the sentence in Vietnamese:

Www w want acob khong thé tap trung hoc vi anh ay bi lam phiên bởi tiếng ôn từ bên ngoài

~ Jacob couldn’t concentrate on his studies because he was the noise from outside

Tôi nói với ông ấy là tôi quan tâm đến lời đề nghị việc làm đó

~ Itold him that I was the job offer

Tẻ chức từ thiện trẻ em đưa ra một lời khẩn cầu đây xúc động để xin trợ giúp thêm người tình nguyện cũng như kinh phí

~+ The children’s charity made a very plea for more volunteers as well as monetary assistance

Dường như sếp hài lòng với bài thuyết trình của anh

~ It seems the boss is your presentation

Trong khi ngồi thư giãn ở sân sau, tôi cảm thấy hài lòng vì đã tự tay mình xây nó

~ While I was relaxing on the patio in the backyard, I found it —— that I had built it with my own two hands

Chẳng đáng gây sốc như thế khi nghe tin tay đua đó bị buộc tội đã dùng thuốc kích thích

~ It was not all that to hear that the cyclist was found guilty of using performance enhancing drugs

Téi đã lấy làm ngạc nhiên vì khoảng thời gian thật sự phải bỏ ra để di chuyển từ sân bay về khách sạn

~ Iwas by the time it had taken to actually travel from the airport to the hotel

Jade không chơi đánh đu bởi vì cô ấy đã có một trải nghiệm đáng sợ khi còn bé

~ Jade doesn’t go on swings because she had a(n) experience when she was little

Tỏi đã làm huấn luyện viên thất vọng vì không tham dự phiên tập

~ Imade my coach by not participating in the training session

Bỏ phim gây tác động mạnh đến nỗi khi nó kết thúc, tôi hầu như đã bị vắt kiệt cảm xúc

~ The movie was so powerful that by the time it was over, I was emotionally viet.c( Workboak 143

Collocations are words that are frequently used together such as win a lottery or shake hands The uise of collocations enhances your fluency and makes your speech sound more natural

A Choose the verbs from the box to form 3 phrases with each of the nouns in the list below

144 make get suffer cope with habit stress job noise damage secret disease appointment friend heart break lose shut out can’t stand pick up look for cause become relieve suffer from prevent keep have tell meet break a habit pick up a habit become a +

B Use the appropriate collocations from (A) to fill in the blanks below (You may have to change the verb forms, if necessary.)

1 I've made an appointment with the dentist for 10:30 tomorrow morning

2 Listening to music helps me caused by my job

3 I began to so I could pay my rent

4 When you study, you must so you Can concentrate

5 Termites can to your house

6 You have to be careful of what you say when you

7 If lever , I hope that someone can take care of me

8 She was so beautiful that I to her when we met

@ Fill in the blanks with the appropriate verbs

1 MywifeandI both share an interest in animals, so we have many pets

2 The teacher always makes us laugh when she a joke

3 I’m tired from work, so I'd liketo _ a holiday

4 I damaged my friend’s car, so I had to an apology to her

5 It took a long time, but we finally progress on our research project

6 If you want to learn Spanish, you must an effort to study it

7 Once we the end of our long drive, we decided to have a picnic

8 If someone is sad, you can the situation by being nice to him or her www ihantriviet.cor Workbook 145

Exercise (5) Phrasal verbs blow up - close down ằ eat out + get away

-_ bring O — up give O + up - let O — down ằ look O up ằ make O ~ up ằ pick O up ằ account for O - come across O ằ count onO ô deal with O ằ do without O

Paar oe ZOE Ae Ue Lực:

catch up with O cut down on O _ €ome up with O find out about O break down give in - go on slow down show off put O — off take O up -_ think O ~- over -_turn O —~ down ằ wear O - out

~ write O — down ằ get over O - go through O - look after O ằ look into O - run into O ằ take after O get away with O a make up for O put up with O run out of O speak up for O www nhantriviet.com

A Choose the phrasal verbs in the box that have the same meaning as the underlined words in the sentences below Write them in the designated space, following the arrows breaks down carry on with get over ran out of let down blows up put up with speak up for

When I graduated from the university, I decided not to disappoint my parents again

My teacher let me continue my drawing because I wasn’t distracting anyone

If that microwave explodes, it could cause a fire ơ( )

We used up the milk, so I’m going to buy some more at the store ơ( )

If we don’t speak in support of neglected animals, then who will help them?

When a car stops working, it can cost a lot to repair it

You must soothe your anger over losing the game and just try harder next time! ơ( )

I've lived with that noise for a month, but I am finally tired of it

B Some phrasal verbs may have more than one meaning Circle the appropriate meaning of each of the phrasal verbs as they are used in the sentences below

1 (A) When you do roll call, make sure you can account for all the students (giải thích/cấiểm danh (B) Can you account for the missing money? (Giai thichy diém danh)

(A) I want to bring up my son the same way my parents raised me (nuôi dưỡng/ đẻ cập) (B) Please don’t bring up politics around Amy, or she'll argue (nuôi dưỡng/ đẻ cập)

(A) He needs to give up his job as a waiter and go back to college (tif bo/ngung (thdi quen)) (B) I’ve heard that it’s difficult to give up smoking, but people can quit (từ bỏ/ngưng (thói quen))

(A) Please turn down the air conditioner, because it is too cold in here ‘tif chdi/giam bét (âm thanh, cường độ.) (B) I hate to turn down your invitation, but I have other plans (từ chối / giảm bớt (âm thanh, cường độ )

(A) We need to check out of the hotel before we can pay the bill (kiêm tra (thong tin)/lam thu tue tra phong) (B) Let’s check out the newspaper to see who won the game (kiêm tra (thông tin) làm thu tục tra phòng!

A Choose the one sentence in each of the pairs below which sounds more natural in standard English oh (A) Alice’s eyes are beautiful and blue, and her hair is curly and brown

Alice has beautiful blue eyes and curly brown hair

2 (A) I felt dizzy when I looked down from the top of the Empire State Building

(B) I felt dizziness when I looked below the top of the Empire State Building

3 (A) Mr Kane, a very rich man, owns the second most expensive car in the world

(B) Mr Kane, a very rich man, is owning the secondly most expensive car in the world

4 (A) I spend about an hour to go to school if there are not many cars on the road

(B) It takes me about an hour to get to school if there’s not much traffic

5 (A) The Belgian writer Amélie Nothomb thinks Japan as her real country, because she was born in Japan and lived 5 years

(B) The Belgian writer Amélie Nothomb considers Japan her mother country, because she was born there and stayed until she was 5 years old

B Correct the underlined words so that the sentences may sound more natural to a native English speaker

1 Only high people are allowed in this club ag 4

2 We need to reference other countries’ policies ơ

3 1 dont spray perfume because I am too sensitive to scents ơ

5 Children usually spend their time under the sight of their parents

CG Rewrite the sentences below so that they may sound more natural to a native English speaker

1 Parents can afford to give valuable lessons to their children

~ Parents can teach valuable lessons to their children

2 This way, I could know studying ways of friends

3 A telescope shows the universe to us more closely

4 Riding a bicycle gives much benefit than driving a car

5 Itis important for adults to express positive words toward their spouses in front of children

WW'W War frivies.co Workbook 149

Exercise (7) Explaining what you mean

It is helpful to explain what you mean in case you cannot find the exact word(s) in English For example, i you cannot remember the English word witness, you can explain it is someone who has seen a crime or an ˆ accident The ability to explain what you mean is a conclusive evidence of how well you can use English to communicate “er

A Try to explain the following words in English

~ the money you pay for attending schoo!

B For each of the following words in Vietnamese, write the English equivalent in (A) and its definition/ meaning in (B) If you don’t know the English equivalent, leave (A) blank and write your explanation ir English in (B)

Khu cong vien thuy sinh

Sự tương tác Độ ẩm

(A) (B) aquariurr a building where people go ta Ook at water animals

‘Many learners mistakenly think that they have learned a verb by memorizing its meaning(s) In fact, bssằ you know the pattern(s) in which a verb is used, mistakes in usage may occur, resulting in broken En se described in Exercise 6 For example, many people know the meaning of remind but not all of them nes how to say “Lễ hội đó gợi cho tôi nhớ đến Lễ hội Hoa 4 Da Lat nam oita roi” Itis bếcause they may rót know the verb pattern associated with to remind: remind A of B Therefore, it is essential that you lear the verb patterns together with the meaning(s) of a verb ca

A Choose the appropriate verb in parentheses in each of the sentences below

1 I (suggested /@dvised) my sister to visit Paris because it is a nice city

2 I (think / regard) Jim as a good friend because he helped me out when I was in trouble

3 He could not (explain / tell) the model well enough for me to understand how to apply it to ny research

4 In order to (discuss / talk) issues about effective economies, we first need to have a basic understanding of economics

5 The ice on the road (made / caused) me to lose control of the car

B Write the correct verb form in each of the gaps below

1 lasked the waiter to bring some more water, but he hasn’t yet (bring)

2 Donald considered in a consultant so that we could finish the projet before the deadline (call)

3 Isuggested that we a long lunch break because we had worked sc much (take)

4 My daughter was spending too much time on the computer, so I tried to encourage her

5 If you commit yourself to the piano, you will be a talented pianist

@ Wite the appropriate preposition in each of the gaps below te Ze 3

You must communicate wit your colleagues in order to do a good job

Mom tried to prevent Dad buying a new car

Did you contribute any money charity last year?

I can relate Billy because we both have vision problems

I really prefer watching TV taking out the garbage

D Fil in the gaps with the missing words so that the English sentences can have the same meaning as the Vietnamese equivalents: www.rt

Giáo sư Chang khuyên chúng tôi nên cộng tác học tập theo các nhóm nhỏ

Professor Chang advised us to Stuay collaboratively in small groups Ước gì tôi có thể tránh (không) viết bài nghiên cứu này

I wish I could this research paper

Chúng ta phải thuyết phục khách hàng rằng mặt hàng kem đánh răng của chúng ta là tốt nhất

We have to - customers our toothpaste is the best

Exercise 2 Paraphrasing using different structures

Exercise 4 Applying various strategies of paraphrasing Exercise 5 Using symbols and abbreviations Exercise 6 Identifying key content Exercise 7 Taking notes from conversations

Taking notes fromlectures ˆ

Exercise 9 Identifying main ideas Exercise 10 Identifying supporting points Exercise 11 Note-taking and summarizing (reading) Exercise 12 Note-taking and summarizing (listening) www.nhantriviet.com Workbook 163

A Rewrite the following sentences using synonyms of the underlined words

1 Plant life generates oxygen in abundant quantities

~ Plant life produces lots of oxygen

2 The escalating tension between Russia and America jeopardized peace

3 Now, who knows what the miscellaneous causes of the bubonic epidemic were?

4 I've exhausted all of my money on tuition for classes

All organisms must utilize water to survive ơ

6 Can you locate my residence hall on that campus map? ơ

7 Ichecked out a good deal of resources from the library

8 If you perspire too much during gym, take a sip of water

B Use syninyms to paraphrase the following sentences

1 Tre Berlin Wall was a partition that didn’t prevent people from leaving East Berlin

I fad a quarrel with my roommate, and now she is snubbing me

Freud speculated that our dreams manifest our deepest yearnings

Yo: have a lot of liberty in a democracy, but you must be cautious when using it

Tre accumulation of dust in the atmosphere creates clouds

Listen tc the recording and try to use synonyms to paraphrase each sentence

> pace travel may be limited, but it can give us important information www.nhantrivie.con 165

Exercise @ ) Paraphrasing using different structures

Another way of paraphrasing a sentence is to usea different sentence structure or to use an alt expression for part of it, For example, you can change a sentence from active to pene, or tho € phrase intoa clause af ee a ERO 226k) s0 s24

Eicweu lannin for future can ensure tat ecology wl prove he yo ơ ‘ssbb Geek Witte vn 3ỏ dĩ Ney kế dời c4) 6W tỏằ:

A Rewrite the following sentences as introduced by the prompts

1 Abuse of power by the czar incited the Russian Revolution

+ The Russian Revolution was incited %y the czars abuse of power

2 Stinging tentacles are mechanisms that jellyfish use to defend themselves

3 The assignment that we received yesterday is difficult

4 The place where President Lincoln was assassinated was Ford’s Theater

5 Clouds of cosmic dust will eventually compress in order to form stars

6 It is required that new students attend the orientation that takes place next week

7 The graduation test must be taken by seniors who are graduating

8 Back in medieval Europe, the belief that the sun orbited the Earth was very popular

+ A popular belief in medieval Europe :

166 vw/w.na+tr viet,Com

3 Paraphrase the following sentences by making changes to the structures of the original ones

1 if there are any problems, they can be reported to your Resident Assistant

“here are a variety of meal plans that are available for you to choose from

In order to override a presidential veto, a two-thirds majority is required of Congress ơ

Something that may have made the dinosaurs go extinct, or so many scientists believe, is a meteorite

Next Tuesday would be a good time for you to move into the dorm

@ Listen to the recording and try to use different structures to paraphrase each sentence as

~ The student council will meet once a week

Exercise (3) Paraphasing by simplifying sentences effective structures ‘and/or the choice of words The ‘skill of paraphrasing by — sentences is 4 ener preteen: we ee tes gý

4 Ite gelling Notier al sround the world

A Try to simplify the following sentences as introduced by the prompts

1 The hours of service for the computer lab have ended for today

~ The computer labis sow closed

2 Only one vote can be attributed to each individual who votes in the United States

3 It takes me too long to walk to English class

4 My calculus professor has a real strict policy about whispering in class

5 A massive supercontinent once consisted of all the land masses on earth

~ All of the earth’s land was

6 One result of emotional trauma is the persistent recurrence of nightmares

7 Rocket technology made great advancements during World War II

8 Taking pop quizzes is an effective method of getting prepared for tests

B Para›hrase the following sentences by simplifying them

1 The shower stalls in that dorm could benefit from a good scrubbing

2 Turtles possess shells that function as a buffer against different kinds of dangers

3 Metaphors are used to illustrate similarities between two different objects or ideas a+

Jonathan Swift often made humans’ irrational behavior the target of his ridicule °

Not only does this essay cover complex material, but it also has to be at least ten pages!

G Listen to the recording and try to simplify each sentence you hear ae

~ The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I

Exercise ( A ) Applying various strategies of paraphrasing |

+ + Global warming causes the world’s temperature to rise

~ The world’s temperature is getting higher as global warming takes hold

Fill in the blanks to make various paraphrases of the following sentences

Corporations rely on private investors for financing

+ Private investors ‘narice corporations + Businesses rely on private investors for funding

~+ When they need financial assets, corporations turn bo private investor

Few people are on campus on Friday afternoons, so lunch isn’t served then

= since no one’s on campus

~ The campus is / _on Friday afternoons, so lunch is

While sailing for India, Columbus found North America

~ Columbus _ ae North America while for India

5 , Columbus stumbled upon North Ameica

Citric acid has numerous applications, including cleaning surfaces and healing cells

~ Citric acid can and ơ can be done with citric acid

+ Citric acid has many uses, like

When a person joins the fraternity, he or she has to promise to keep its secrets

+ When is into the fraternity, he or she has to to keep its secrets

~ Anyone has to promise to keep its secres.

B Provde two paraphrases of each sentence below

Several nations in Europe adopted the euro as their primary currency iy £ WA adopted by a numbe ft pean natior 15 The mại?

Class presidents have a lot of power aad

College radio DJs must work around their classes

The Cherokee tribe developed its own alphabet and published a newspaper

Due to an oncoming thunderstorm, softball practice has been called off

@® Listen to the recording and try to make two paraphrases of each sentence you hear ffZf -:

~ The bookstore sells chemistry lab notebooks

~ Chemistry lab manuals can be purchased at the bookstore

Exercise (5) Using symbols and abbreviations 3

" leads to, results in wi with a _ is a result of wio without

& t increases bic because oe | decreases e.g for example

+ +or& and, plus, in addition esp especially ¥

Ea = equals, is the same as dept department Ệ

Ey # is not the same as biw between i _ is the opposite of wt weight oe ) is more than ht height

= ( is less than sth, something

# number _ — ASAP as soon as possible

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A Use appropriate symbols and abbreviations to take notes on these sentences

1 The Department of Justice is managed by the United States Attorney General

~ US Atty Gen runs Dept of Just

2 Not only do plants provide nutrients, but they also produce oxygen ơ

3 The distance from Earth to Jupiter is farther than a shuttle can travel

4 1 cant make the college basketball team because I'm less than six feet tall

5 If you finish your research paper by Friday afternoon, you'll pass the class

6 Because of drought, farms can’t produce any crops; therefore, they usually close down

7 Public works might benefit if they were purchased by corporations

8 [lost my backpack, so I'll have to attend class without my textbook

Your risk of getting heart disease increases if you eat fatty foods, especially red meat

10 The art department is showing some student art on Wednesday to raise money for the art center

B Listen to the recording and take notes using symbols and abbreviations (=)