According to our Research, there are four main elements that affect the GPA of F&B students which are: The amount of time that a student study by themself, the amount of time that a stud
Statement of the problem 11111111 ch nh nen k4 1115k c 3 3 Background of the statemen nnnnnnnnn nh nh ke TH TK ky 4 4 Rationale for the s†udy nh nh nh nh nh TH HH nho Hà TH na 4 5 Research quesfionS nnnnnn ng HT HE TT kg TH HH Tà nà 5 1
GPAs serve as a basis for grading and evaluation when considering scholarships, graduation, Job applications, or participation in extracurricular activities because they represent a student's academic performance GPA not only reflects a student's relative academic ability at school but also shows the level of effort and ability to absorb the knowledge of that student Therefore, identifying factors affecting students’ GPA contributes to improving the quality of students’ learning
In the period of economic integration, entrepreneurs require young and dynamic human resources, in which, to assess a candidate's ability, GPA plays an essential role
Although many people put in a lot of effort to study, their GPA results are not impressive, which can be evidence that there are a lot of other factors that affect their learning methods
The university environment demands that students have high levels of self-study and self- discipline
The following are the primary aspects that influence a student's GPA during the learning process:
Self-study: Students are obliged to spend time studying independently throughout the day in addition to the time they spend on lecture classes to make sure they fully understand the knowledge If students lack the ability to self-study, this can be a considerable factor leading to their GPA not being as expected
Lecture study: In most universities, attendance is assessed primarily by the number of sessions a student takes For lecture hours, this also shows the students’ sense of learning and the hard work and effort they put into the subject Students who do not attend the required number of sessions of the subject, are not allowed to take the final exam; as a result, their GPA will be severely affected
Lecturer's quality: Lecturer plays the role of assessing and checking students’ self-study results, besides guiding students to exploit the lesson, guide reading documents, guide doing exercises and guide thinking about each specific issue Therefore, it can be seen that the quality of teachers’ teaching plays an important role in helping students have a more accurate perception of the subject, directly supporting students to improve their self-study quality
Social media: Spending a lot of time on social media has a negative effect on students’ self- study time and leads to lower GPA results It is the main factor that makes students lose focus and stagnate in self-study in today's world
We develop an econometric model to discover the quantitative relationship between each factor's impact on GPA in greater detail This model helps us to form prompt conclusions about the research and assists students in general and students of Finance and Banking faculty in particular, to become more aware of how to modify their study habits and raise their GPAs
5 Research questions In addition, the project aims to research and draw conclusions about the following questions:
- What is the relationship between variables? Does each variable have a positive or negative relationship with GPA?
- Are there any errors when running models?
- From the analyzed data, what solutions should be taken to improve the scores of students majoring in Finance and Banking?
This project aims to explore in more detail the factors affecting the cumulative GPA of students majoring in Banking and Finance at Hanoi University Because of limitations on the number of survey respondents, survey time, and research methods, there may be some errors in the assignment We look forward to receiving the assessment and comments of the teacher in charge of the subject
The elements that affect a student's performance in higher education have been the subject of studies In a study, Dayolu and Turit-Ask (2007) sought to ascertain whether there are any appreciable gender variations in academic performance among Middle East Technical University undergraduate students Although fewer female students were admitted to the institution, they claimed that despite this, these students fared better than their male counterparts Young and Fisler (2000) discovered that male students perform better on the SAT-M exam than female students due to the males' greater socioeconomic status, higher educational attainment, and increased enrollment in more difficult mathematics courses
Graduate Record Examinations (GRE) on personal and school characteristics were studied by Stricker and Rock in 1995 The results show that personal attributes have a little impact on scores, with parental education level being the most significant factor Additionally, they discovered that factors associated with education, such as institutional quality, had an effect on test results Besides, a report by Urien in 2003 discovered that a student's academic success is influenced by their personality, familial upbringing, and study habits.
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We administered a series of questionnaires that include 5 questions that are closely related to each variable - For the purpose of our project's hypothesis testing and descriptive statistics, all the data and findings from the questionnaire survey are essential The following five questions would be provided:
Q1: What is your currently accumulated GPA?
Q2: How many hours per day do you study by yourself?
Q3: How many hours per day do you spend on lecture class?
Q4: How do you feel about the quality of Finance and Banking lecturers?
Q5: Do you spend too much time per day on social media? (more than 5 hours is considered as high usage)
The two techniques for gathering and analyzing data are qualitative research and quantitative research Each of these research methods has certain goals and techniques, both of which are crucial for gathering a wide range of information We decided to use quantitative research for our report since it makes data processing in Eviews more convenient The process of gathering and interpreting numerical data is known as quantitative research It may be used to identify trends and averages, formulate hypotheses, examine causality, and extrapolate findings to larger groups Before data is gathered, the study's many components are all carefully designed
Numbers and statistics make up data, which are frequently shown in tables, charts, and other non-textual formats Therefore, quantitative research is the most appropriate method for our study
We will demonstrate how we gathered the data and how we came to our final conclusions on the estimated regression function of the variables affecting the grade point average of Finance and Banking students at Hanoi University The research population is about grade point average (GPA), frequency of self-study, frequency of class attendance, assessment of class quality, and relationship status Then, take into account how these factors affect or interact with one another
The target audience we selected for the survey is the 20th course students studying in the Finance and Banking major at Hanoi University For our study, we chose to use online questionnaires on social networking sites using Google Forms, and we received 55 replies The survey is set up as a multiple-choice format so that participants may quickly select any appropriate response, and just one question necessitates data entry To show the gathered data, survey results are examined using Excel statistical software and Eviews data analysis tools
An econometrics model of the linear regression with the following four variables was carried out to analyze the differences in GPA based on the four factors mentioned above:
GPA = B1 + B2* SELF_STUDY + B3* LECTURE_STUDY +B4*LECTURERS_QUALITY + B5* SOCIAL _MEDIA +u
GPA: Accumulated grade point average of 55 students from finance and banking major in Hanoi university
SELF_STUDY: Average hours that students study on their own per day
LECTURE_STUDY: Average hours that students focus on lecture class per day
LECTURERS QUALITY: Evaluation of the lecturer’s quality by students
SOCIAL_MEDIA: Showing whether students use too much social media or not
Diagram 1: Factors that affect the GPA of Finance and Banking students
5 The expected sign of coefficient 5.1 Expected Sign
5.2 Reasons for the sign of coefficient
With an increase in new technologies and an expanding global population, self-studying is becoming more popular, and the world is becoming more acclimated to the benefits of self- learning "Studying at university, especially under the credit system, the self-study time of students must be three times greater than the time spent in class," stated Trinh Dang Khoa, MA, from the University of Culture in Ho Chi Minh City Before entering the lecture class, students must prepare the subject by reading the lecturer's theory and documents, preparing discussion topics, searching for relevant knowledge to clarify the problem " Self-study has been a vital activity for philosophers such as Aristotle and Socrates since ancient Greece Many factors, such as huge classes and a significant amount of knowledge, make it difficult for academic advisors and lecturers to provide specific instructions and check each student for university students Tests and exams are still used for evaluation As a result, time spent in class and listening to lectures is insufficient; students must study deeper into the topics surrounding the lecturer mentioned in class on their own Self-study accounts for a significant portion of the score The score will indicate the student's development and skill if the number of hours of self- study is high and self-book study is effective
Self-study is not enough to achieve a high GPA; you must also work hard in lecture classes
According to Matheson (2008), lectures are helpful because teachers can present information from numerous sources, explain complications, and contribute their perspectives and knowledge Furthermore, teachers have a variety of strategies for getting pupils engaged, finding out on their own, exchanging ideas, and practicing to understand the lesson better This is frequently accomplished by dividing lectures with activities that encourage students’ creativity and critical thinking to avoid boredom when just listening to lectures The higher the attendance, taking notes, and listening to lectures, the better the grade will be
We believe that the lecturer's quality is directly correlated to students' GPAs Because academic progress is at the foundation of higher education Teachers engage and inspire students by encouraging critical thinking and problem-solving Teachers must have a wide range of knowledge and skills to pass on to their students Coleman, an integrated kindergarten class in Washington, D.C in the 1950s, says in his own Report that “one of the key conclusions is that the quality of teachers shows a stronger relationship to pupil achievement’ Additionally, from our own experience, we realized that learning from an instructor with considerable experience, extensive expertise, and good teaching methods is beneficial VWWe easily absorb information, and there are several opportunities to enhance our score
In addition to the entertainment benefits and easy access to information that social networking sites provide, it is apparent that most young people today are engrossed in and dependent on them quite a bit, and they have forgotten that their most essential responsibility is to study and gain knowledge Mostly, students stay up late to play games and access the internet That has a significant negative impact on their health and leaves them feeling tired whenever they attend class Many students have spent hours surfing Tiktok, Facebook, and Instagram, etc Even doing this in their class has resulted in significant disadvantages such as missing lectures, not understanding lessons, and having poor study results A study was done at Prince Sattam bin Abdul Aziz University with 300 female students aged 17 to 29 According to the findings, 97% of the pupils used social media programs Only 1% of them used social media for academic
9 purposes, while 52% said it had an impact on their learning activities That is the reason why we believe that there is a significant and negative correlation between social networking addiction and GPA
Firstly, our group runs OLS on the Eviews program of the four primary functional forms, specifically the Lin-Lin Model After that, when the output is obtained, we would directly check the R-square and the coefficient of variation of the model to evaluate the model Next, with the 5% level of significance applied in our Hypothesis test VW used the F-test with the conclusion to assess whether the estimators equal zero or not in order to test the overall significance of all coefficients and also check the p-value of each independent variable
Besides, if an independent variable is insignificant, we might think about dropping this value or adding one more proper variable, run the new model again and compare it with the previous one by testing the restriction variable Significant tests would be conducted again if the new model is more effective than the previous one
After carrying out all of those tests, we also would check error- tests as a reinforcement
Respectively, we check multicollinearity with the variance inflation factor (VIF) and
Heteroscedasticity with White’s general heteroscedasticity test (cross-term and without cross- term) Last but not least is checking autocorrelation.
DATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS - c 00211 211110 n1 nh nho 10
2°
Testing Dropping varlabile: 00 111 n ng nn kg Thn HH HT ky ty 17
Step 1: Hypothesis e Ho: Dropping LECTURERS_QUALITY is suitable, B4 =0 e Ha: Dropping LECTURERS_QUALITY is not suitable, B4 # 0
2 _ © E-statistic =(ÊuKRã)/Œus —ks) Œ—ệ)/(n—kuạ) ° Fe „kun —Rp,n—kun = FO.05,1,55 = 4.0304
Step 3: Decision rule e F- statistic < F- Critical
=> Not reject Ho Step 4: Conclusion e There is not enough evidence to prove that B4 4 0 e There is enough evidence to drop the LECTURERS QUALITY variable from the model.
Evaluating the new model cc ch nh nh Tnhh nghe ta 18 5, Check the errors and model specifications - 02 22 2n nh nh nhe 19
After conducting the new model, it can be clearly seen that dropping the variable has caused slight decrease in new R-square in comparison with the old figure from the previous model
However, the rise in adjusted R-square from 0.559640 to 0.568165 as well as the decline in the standard error of regression has indicated that this new model is more effective All variables are significant now with p-value