group report topic monthly spending habits of neu students

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF BANKING AND FINANCE GROUP REPORT Course: BUSINESS STATISTICS Program: ESOM TOPIC: MONTHLY SPENDING HABITS OF NEU STUDENTS Supervisor: Dr.. Pur

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF BANKING AND FINANCE

GROUP REPORT

Course: BUSINESS STATISTICS

Program: ESOM

TOPIC: MONTHLY SPENDING HABITS OF NEU STUDENTS

Supervisor: Dr Nguyen Thi Xuan Mai

Students: 1 Phan Thu An — 11220061

2 Dao Duc Anh — 11220121

3, Pham Vi Anh — 11220567

4 Cung Thi Linh Chi — 11220946

5, Pham Cuong Binh Sinh — 11225606

Ha Noi, 2023

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 5

1 Monthly housing expenditure 15

2 Monthly food and drink expenditure 16

3 Monthly fixed bills expenditure J1

4 Monthly necessities expenditure 18

5 Monthly healthcare expenditure 19

6 Monthly transportation expenditure 21

7 Monthly entertainment expenditure 22

8 Monthly other expenditures 23

1 Male and female total expenditi 24

2 Total expenditures related to study program 28

3 Total expenditures related to total income 32

1 Genders and spending over budget 35

2 Gender and contingency budget 37

3 Gender and satisfied level 39

4 Year and contingency budget 41

J Year and management skill 40

6, Program and contingency budget 45

7 Program and satisfied level 47

9 Total Financial Manag t Skills 49

1 Female students tend to spend more on entertainment compared fo mal€ SHLÌ€HE « - 56

2 Students living private houses earn more from part-time job compared to those living in boarding

4 Build good financial habits 56

REEERENCES - on HH Ki ni KH Ki Khi Ki ti Kì in 8/509999990896000980091 050 58 APPENDIX GHI n0 0Á 100 ĐH 0 6 009 0004.6104 048009 09 09 099 60

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1 Purpose

Our report will collect, and analyze the data with factors that affect the spending habits of NEU students, along with giving some conclusions and perspectives about the status of the monthly expenditure of NEU students Following that, this report aims to provide a precise analysis of how NEU scholars spend their money and what they use it for in a month

Furthermore, the information will give some recommendations that help NEU students separate their monthly expenditures more appropriately

2 Methodology

To begin with, the research type of our group is mixed methods which includes both qualitative and quantitative research Basically, quantitative data are collected by analyzing statistical charts along with numbers which help to have a more realistic insight into the monthly expenditure habits of NEU students On the other hand, qualitative research provides opinions, experiences and observations described in words that are suitable for lifestyle and culture investigation, as well as providing the extent of the student’s financial satisfaction

As the research participants are NEU students , a cross-sectional survey design is a choice to study their interests at a single point in time when the survey is being conducted Furthermore, to improve the effectiveness and practicality of the survey, our group decided to use both primary

and secondary sources For the primary sources, they provide raw information and evidence, for

example, statistical data or an interview that is planned to be conducted on about 94 first-year students who will fill out the online questionnaire (refer to the appendix for reference With the questionnaire, the appropriate types of questions could be multiple choice, fill in the blanks, and yes or no questions as it will be conducted online via an online form to help collect the data automatically

Moreover, questions about lifestyle, expenditures habits, current accommodations and

occupations are lispensable parts of student's life Nevertheless, secondary sources such as published research and related articles are helpful to get information, commentary, or theories from other researchers and experts for further reference and guidance

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

The financial management of university students is a topic of significant interest and concern for

various stakeholders, including students, parents, educational institutions, and policymakers

Hanoi, the capital city of Vietnam, is home to a diverse population of university students from various socio-economic backgrounds Understanding the monthly spending habits of university students is crucial for designing effective financial education programs and support systems

Socioeconomic Background and Financial Literacy

Hanoi's vibrant cultural scene and numerous recreational opportunities contribute to student spending on leisure activities, dining out, and others A person's early life experiences encompass how their parents handle finances and the lessons they impart about money management Higher- income students may have more disposable income, potentially leading to different spending priorities compared to their lower-income counterparts The importance of financial literacy in influencing spending habits, with students possessing higher levels of financial knowledge exhibiting more responsible financial behaviors Parents play a vital role in shaping their children's lives as they grow The spending habits, both positive and negative, that individuals exhibit is influenced by their parents’ behaviors (Hadzic & Poturak, 2014)

Additionally, factors of socialization like family and peer groups hold significant role on an individual's outlook on money matters (Hadzic & Poturak, 2014) Students who possess financial literacy tend to allocate a larger share of their funds towards long-lasting assets like housing, education, and investments, as opposed to expenditures on items like food, clothing, and luxury goods This underscores the importance of enhancing students' financial literacy, making it a desirable and recommended endeavor for universities (Shaari et al., 2013) Recognized as the fundamental skill set needed to operate effectively in a progressively intricate financial environment, financial literacy has garnered significant attention (Potrich et al., 2015) It is viewed as the cognitive capacity that empowers individuals to identify the potential risks and

advantages linked to financial matters, effectively handle complex financial affairs, and take

actions that enhance their financial welfare (Van Deventer & De Klerk, 2016)

Spending Habits among Young People

Poor spending habits are a behavioural pattern characterised by an inability to exercise self- control when continuing to overspend The social learning theory states that people pick up their spending habits from their parents and other influential figures (Fluellen, 2013) Each child has unique financial experiences that shape how their parents handle their finances and the lessons they learn Parents play a crucial role in their children's development Their parents' spending habits influence both their children's positive and negative spending behaviours (Hadzic &

Poturak, 2014) An individual's attitude toward money is greatly influenced by the socialisation

agents, including family and peer groups (Hadzic & Poturak, 2014) According to Pillai et al (2010), a young adult's spending patterns are a significant factor in the sustainability of their

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financial resources Young adults have a propensity to spend their money on consumables right away, ignoring long-term financial considerations like investment (Shaari et al., 2013)

Financial literacy and its components

According to Potrich et al (2015), financial literacy has been acknowledged as the key competency required by individuals to function in an increasingly complex financial system It is understood to be the intellectual capacity that enables a person to identify the risks and opportunities related to financial issues, negotiate complex financial situations, and demonstrate actions that enhance financial well-being (Van Deventer and De Klerk, 2016) There is an urgent need to address the issue because a sizable portion of the world's population

still lacks financial literacy (Atkinson & Messy, 2012; Brown & Graf, 2013; Lusardi & Mitchell,

2011; Thaler, 2013) Financial literacy is still an important idea that will ensure that both individuals and students have responsible spending habits

Financial knowledge, financial attitudes, and financial behaviour

According to Rootman and Antoni (2015), and Shuttleworth (2011), acquiring financial knowledge is the acquisition of any skill that fosters an understanding of financial information and the capacity to make prudent and advantageous financial decisions It involves comprehending both financial theories and related products and services (Sebstad et al., 2006) According to Sebstad et al (2006), financial attitude refers to a person's thoughts, feelings, and opinions regarding money-related issues Financial behaviour refers to the actual financial decisions an individual makes in the financial market with regards to the level of their saving behaviour, debt management, and spending habits (Rootman & Antoni, 2015) It is the emotional attachment to the learning of financial information and concepts that prepares an individual to react favourably to financial matters (Potrich et al., 2016) It is the action displayed regarding financial matters and individual disposition of such action (DeBondt et al., 2010)

The relationship between the elements of financial literacy has been studied in the past Follwing to Koropp et al (2013) and Rootman et al (2015), a person's financial attitude affects how much money they spend In general, a person's financial attitude determines their specific financial behaviour patterns, and financial behaviour demonstrates the beneficial application of both financial knowledge and positive financial attitudes towards successful management of personal finances (Huston, 2010) Financial literacy has two components: understanding, which deals with financial knowledge and skills, and application, which deals with effective management of one's own finances (Huston, 2010) The capacity and confidence to make wise

financial decisions are therefore necessary for someone to be considered financially literate (Huston, 2010; Potrich et al., 2016) The literature that is currently available also outlines the

connection between financial behaviour and demographic factors like gender, age, family background, financial aid, racial groups, years spent in college, and courses of study, which were discovered to have an impact on an individual's financial behaviour

CHAPTER 3: FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS

1 Analysis of the underlying factors

Gender Frequency | Percent Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent

imbalance

Valid = Male 20 21,5 21,5 21,5

Female 70 75,3 75,3 96,8 Other 3 3,2 3,2 100,0 Total 93 |100,0 100,0

Gender

The distribution of NEU (National Economics University) students participating in our survey

by academic year, is shown in the charts below Significantly, 67.74% of students are in their

second-year (designated as 2), and 21.5% are in their third-year (designated as 3) First-year students (coded as 1) make up 7.53% of the total, while fourth-year students (coded as 0) make

up a tiny percentage of 3.2%

3 Program

Program

"Others" category, signifying a minority of students involved in diverse or specialized programs not explicitly covered by the major categories

Frequency | Percent Valid Cumulative Percent

Percent Vali Formal 22 23,7 23,7 23,7

specific amenities offered by the university dormitories.

5 Total income

Total Income

= Incomes from part-time jobs

= Incomes from scholarships

= Allowances from parents

= Other sources

The distribution of monthly income sources among NEU students who took part in our latest survey is shown in the pie chart The information sheds light on the systems of financial assistance that students depend on

A significant proportion of students, specifically 52%, rely on family allowances as their main source of income This suggests a heavy dependence on family support for various aspects of student life, including financial needs Thirty-three percent of students' income comes from part- time work This implies that a sizable segment of the students is actively working part-time, either to supplement their income or to obtain real-world experience

Of the various sources of income that NEU students have, scholarships account for 10% of

their total income Scholarships still make up a sizeable portion of the funding, even though they are not the main source This emphasizes the significance of academic success and merit-based financial aid The remaining 5% is attributed to other sources, implying a diverse range of income streams that may include savings, investments, or additional financial support from various channels

Bound Upper Bound 11895351.00

5% Trimmed Mean 6031905.29

Variance 204206532630994.440

Std Deviation 14290085.116

Interquartile Range 4625000

Other | Mean 19433333.33 | 7630275.952 95% Confidence Interval for Mean | Lower -13397094 32

Bound Upper Bound 52263760.99 5% Trimmed Mean

In the “Female” category, despite the mean income being higher than that of males, the median income is lower This discrepancy between the mean and median is a characteristic of a positively skewed distribution, where a small number of high-income outliers push the mean upwards The range is notably large, indicating a significant income disparity

The “Other” has the highest mean income, but the median is slightly higher than that of males and equal to that of females This suggests that half of the ‘Other’ category earns 5,000,000 VND

or less, while the other half earns between 5,000,000 VND and 30,500,000 VND The lack of an

Interquartile Range value makes it difficult to comment on the spread of the middle 50% of incomes in this category

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Fifty percent of the male students reported having an income below 5,000,000 VND This indicates that a significant number of male students at NEU have comparatively small earnings each month, which may show that they have careful financial planning and budgeting Students

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making between 5,000,000 and 10,000,000 VND, or 30% of the sample, are the next noteworthy

group

This suggests a significant percentage of male students who have moderate incomes and may have part-time jobs or other sources of funding 15% of the male students in the distribution said

they made between 10,000,000 and 15,000,000 VND A portion of students with a reasonably

comfortable financial situation are indicated by this segment, which represents a middle-income bracket Male students with higher monthly incomes make up a smaller subset of the student population, with only 5% falling into the category of students earning more than 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 VND

It is important to note that there were very few people with the highest income levels in this survey, none of the male students who responded to the survey reported earning more than 20,000,000 VND

Total Income of Female

33% of the sample, earn between 5,000,000 and 10,000,000 VND, suggesting that they are able

to meet their basic needs in terms of income However, living expenses, tuition, and other costs

of attending a university must be taken into account because they have a significant impact on students’ capacity to succeed academically and engage fully in campus life

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Higher-income students appear to be less prevalent in the surveyed population, as indicated

by the small percentage of female students (6%) who earn more than 10,000,000 VND This may not come as a surprise considering the socioeconomic background of the university's students, yet it does highlight the need for jobs, internships, and scholarships that can close the income gap and give students from underprivileged backgrounds additional financial support

Finally, the proportion of female students who earn more than 20,000,000 VND is noteworthy

(7,1%), suggesting that there exists a subset of the surveyed students with greater financial means This subgroup might have more chances to participate in extracurricular activities, proceed after research projects or internships, and make investments in their professional and

0% = More than 15000000 to

20000000 VND 0%

= More than 20000000 VND

Based on our most recent survey, the pie chart shows how students of other genders at NEU are distributed in terms of income The information, which is divided into income brackets,

brings a view of these students’ financial situations

It is interesting to note that 67% of students in this category reported having incomes higher than 20,000,000 VND This suggests that a sizable percentage of NEU students who identify as other genders earn comparatively more each month than those in other income brackets

Conversely, 33% of students stated that their income was less than 5,000,000 VND There may

still be some students with lower monthly incomes, even though this percentage is much lower

Conclusion: The examination of the monthly earnings and revenue streams of NEU students offers important new perspectives on the financial situation of this particular student body A significant fraction of students depend on family allowances, perform part-time jobs, and get

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scholarships, as the data highlights the wide range of income levels To customize support services and meet the unique financial demands of NEU students, it is imperative to comprehend these trends An in-depth analysis of the report will help us better understand the financial dynamics within the student group by illuminating how they intend to pay for their monthly expenses related to their varied income streams

IL Habits- Spending Groups

1 Monthly housing expenditure

Housing expenditure

From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 27 29,0 29,0 93,5 Valid

Near = 109631 St S4 Dạy = 2123ÊE9,257

In terms of monthly expenditure on the housing of NEU students, according to the pie chart,

the majority of respondents - about 58 (63,37%) responded that they only spend under 500,000 VND for this spending Following that, 29,03% of NEU students who participated in the survey

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showed that they spent the amount of 1,000,000 to under 3.000.000 in paying monthly housing

fees For two levels of 3,000,000 to under 5,000,000 and more than 5,000,000 VND which

recorded the same number of 3 respondents, the same proportion of 3.23% There were only 2 NEU students who responded that they regularly paid 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 for renting,

According to the data from the histogram graph, it is clear that the average monthly spending

on housing of 93 surveyors is approximately 1,036,021 VND In addition, most NEU students’ monthly housing expenses are mainly concentrated in the range of less than 5,000,000 VND

2 Monthly food and drink expenditure

Food and drink expenditure

Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent Under 500,000 VND 21 22,6 22,6 22,6 From 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND 24 25,8 25,8 48,4

From 1,000,000 VND to unđer 3,000,000 VND 35 37,6 37,6 86,0 Valid

From 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND II 11,8 11,8 97,8

From 5,000,000 VND or more 2 2,2 2,2 100,0 Total 93 100,0 100,0

16

Mean = 17916129 Sid Dev = 1415864531 Nese

3,000,000 for consuming food and drinks While the levels of 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND and under 500,000 recorded the number of responses is almost similar, at 24 and 21

respondents, accounting for 25.81% and 22.58% respectively Following that, 11 respondents (11.83%) said that they pay the amount from 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND monthly for food and drinks Lastly, for the level of larger than 5.000.000 VND, which only recorded 2

surveyors (2.15%)

According to survey data which was shown in the above histogram, the average monthly expenditure on food and drinks of 93 NEU respondents is approximately 1,791,612 VND, which

is larger than the monthly spending for housing Additionally, data on NEU students’ monthly

expenses for food and drink are scattered at many levels but are the most highly concentrated at around 1,000,000 VND

3 Monthly fixed bills expenditure

Fixed bills expenditure

Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent Under 500,000VND 66 71,0 71,0 71,0 From 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND 10 10,8 10,8 81,7 Valid

From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 12 12,9 12,9 94,6

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regularly pay under 500,000 VND for this spending Additionally, the two levels: 500,000 VND

to under 1,000,000 VND and 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000, 000 VND recorded an almost

equal number of responses - 10 (10.75%) and 12 (12.90%), respectively There were only 5 respondents, accounting for 5.38% of the total, who said that they spent monthly in the range of

3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND for fixed bills

The average monthly expenditure on fixed bills of 93 NEU respondents is about 740,111.83 VND which is smaller than the two kinds of monthly expenditures mentioned before (housing,

food, and drink) Data on NEU students' monthly expenses on fixed bills are scattered at many levels but are the most highly concentrated at the level of under 1,000,000 VND

4 Monthly necessities expenditure

Necessities expenditure

Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent Under 500,000VND 43 46,2 46,2 46,2 From 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND 22 23,7 23,7 69,9 Valid

From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 15 16,1 16,1 86,0

18

From 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND 9 9,7 97 95,7

NEU students who responded that they spend about 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND

monthly for necessary products and services Lastly, made up for the smallest percentage of

those surveyed at 4.30%, with 4 respondents saying that they paid more than 5,000,000 VND per

month for this kind of spending

According to the histogram graph, the average spending on necessities per month of NEU

respondents is 1,395,161.29 VND Furthermore, the data on NEU students’ monthly expenses on fixed bills are scattered variously at many levels but are highly concentrated at the level of under

2,000,000 VND

5 Monthly healthcare expenditure

Healthcare expenditure

Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent Under 500,000VND 64 68,8 68,8 68,8 Valid

From 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND 14 15,1 15,1 83,9

19

From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 7 75 7ã 9L4

From 3,000,000 VND to unđer 5,000,000 VND 3 32 3,2 94,6

From 5,000,000 VND or more 5 5,4 5,4 100,0 Total 93 100,0 100,0

Histogram HealthCare Group

health care At the spending level of 500,000 VND to 1,000,000 VND, there were 14 replies

which contributed 15.05% out of the total proportion the last three levels of healthcare

expenditure: 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000, larger than 5,000,000 VND, and 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND recorded small amount or respondents with 7; 5 and 3 NEU students, making up for 7.53%, 5,38% and 3,23% respectively

The average of 93 NEU students’ monthly expenditure on healthcare problems is about 893,234.41 VND In addition, the data on NEU students’ monthly expenses in this category are

scattered at many levels but are the most highly concentrated at the level of 1,000,000 VND to under 2,000,000 VND

6 Monthly transportation expenditure

Transportation expenditure

| Freauenes Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent

Valid | From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 3 3,2 3,2 98,9

Transportation: petrol, grab

In terms of transportation expenditure per month of NEU students in the survey, it is the most outstanding data is that more than three-quarters of respondents (80 students) which accounts for 86.02% replied that they only spend under 500,000 VND for moving purposes For the

expenditure level of 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND, recording 9 respondents who

regularly spend this amount of money per month on transportation (bus, motorbike, )

Additionally, there were 3 and 1 respondents said that they paid 1,000,000 to under 3,000,000

VND and 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 respectively for transportation purposes Following the data which was shown in the above histogram, the average monthly

expenditure on transportation of 93 NEU respondents is 407,753.76 VND, which is larger than the monthly spending for housing Additionally, data on NEU students' monthly expenses for food and drink are scattered at some levels but are the most highly concentrated at under 1,000,000 VND

7 Monthly entertainment expenditure

Entertainment expenditure

ma Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent

21

Hobby, go out: concert, movies

As can be seen on the pie chart, it is noteworthy that the majority of NEU students replied that

they only spend less than 500,000 VND, at 74.19% for expenses related to entertainment purposes such as music concerts, movies, and so on While the levels of 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND and 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND were recorded the number of responses is almost similar, at 8 and 9 respondents, accounting for 8.60% and 9.68%

respectively Additionally, at the spending level of 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND,

there were 6 replies which contributed 6.45% out of the total proportion Lastly, it is only 1 survey participant said that they spent more than 5,000,000 VND per month to entertain The average of 93 NEU students’ monthly expenditure on entertainment is 832,812.9 VND In addition, the data on NEU students' monthly expenses in this category are scattered at many

levels but are the most highly concentrated at the level of under 1,000,000 VND

8 Monthly other expenditures

22

Frequency | Percent | Valid Percent | Cumulative Percent Under 500,000 VND 79 84,9 84,9 84,9 From 500,000 VND to under 1,000,000 VND 5 5,4 5,4 90,3

From 1,000,000 VND to under 3,000,000 VND 5 5,4 5,4 95,7 Valid

From 3,000,000 VND to under 5,000,000 VND 3 3,2 3,2 98,9

From 5,000,000 VND or more 1 11 11 100,0 Total 93 100,0 100,0

5,000,000 VND and more than 5,000,000 respectively for other purposes

Following the data, which was shown in the above histogram, the average monthly

expenditure on other expenses of 93 NEU respondents is 429,691.9 VND In addition, data on

NEU students' monthly expenses for others are scattered at some levels but are the most highly

concentrated at under 1,000,000 VND

9, Conclusion

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By collecting the data and analyzing it, we can see conclude that the amount of money spent monthly on expenses is very diverse, there is a clear difference between those that account for the majority of expenses and those that only account for a small portion The average monthly spending of NEU students focuses heavily on essential daily spending groups such as food and housing Besides, other spending groups such as travel, health, and entertainment are also of

interest to many NEU students

1H Relationship between expenditure and variables

1 Male and female total expenditure

Gender * GrTotalExp Crosstabulation

GrTotalExp

1 2 3 4 5 Total Gender Male Count 8 7 2 2 1 20

% within Gender 40,0% 35,0% 10,0% 10,0% 5,0% 100,0%

% within GrTotalExp 25,0% 21,2% 20,0% 25,0% 10,0% 21,5%

% of Total 8,6% 7,5% 2,2% 2,2% 1,1% 21,5% Female Count 24 26 7 6 7 70

® From 10,000,000 to 15,000,000 VND

® From 15,000,000 to 20,000,000 VND

= More than 20,000,000 VND

24

Total Expenditure of Male

the following is 34,3% of them spending less than 5,000,000 VND a month There is a small

number of female students who spend more than 20,000,000 VND a month, but the smallest part

in this pie chart belongs to female students who spend 15 to 20,000,000 VND a month in a group with 8.6%

The second pie chart showed the total expenditure of male students with 20 responses, it shared the same pattern with the first one for female students with most of the male students spending less than 10,000,000 VND a month Most of the male students spend less than

5,000,000 VND a month, with 40% and 35% of the male students spending 5,000,000 VND to 10,000,000 VND a month And with male students, just 5% of them spend more than 20,000,000

VND a month, compared to 10% in the female chart The third chart is for students who do not want to share their identity as male or female, and their spending each month is around

20,000,000 VND, higher than other charts

25

512

992 832942.732

Confidence for Mean

14575123.56

765.08 00 3177534034194.600 53335499.145

537087247

566 1940930.802

Confidence for Mean

143437539.14

Trimmed Mean

500000.00 444213333333333.500 914

ariance

td Deviation

The above table shows the total expenditure of males and females The mean total

expenditure of males is 7,925,500 VND with a standard deviation of 5,415,861 The mean total expenditure of females is 10,918,502 with a standard deviation of 15,335,499 The minimum and maximum total expenditure for males are 1,150,000 VND and 22,000,000 VND, respectively The minimum and maximum total expenditure for females are 700,000 VND and 98,500,000

VND, respectively

The data shows that females have a higher mean total expenditure than males The difference

between the two means is 3,993,002 The standard deviation of the total expenditure for females

is also higher than that of males, indicating that the expenditure of females is more spread out than that of males The distribution of total expenditure for females has a much higher peak and heavier tails than that of males

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The above box-plot chart shows that the highest total expenditure belongs to the 79th student,

on the female side The range between the two genders does not have a large difference, the

median is also the same to each other In the female box, there are more outlier observers than in

the male box

2 Total expenditures related to study program

Descriptives'

[TotalExp [Formal Mean 12029545.45 | 3510882.369

95% Confidence Interval for Lower 4728265.87 Mean Bound

(Upper Bound 19330825 04 5% Trimmed Mean 9045707.07

Variance 271178490259740.280 Std Deviation 16467497.996

Formal in English Mean 13448952.78 | 3586274.941

95% Confidence Interval for bores 6168427.59

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Trimmed Mean ariance Deviation

Confidence Interval for

Trimmed Mean ariance Deviation

Confidence Interval for

Trimmed Mean ariance Deviation

969297222 7350100.00 463009246381992.100 21517649.648

890000

98500000

97610000

6675400 3.181 9.993

9002903 13 6318755.78 11687050.47 8348572.92 7170250.00 355425489377731.840 7444829.708

700000

32500000

31800000

7854700 1.407 1.930 5000000.00 -3894343 32

1389434332 5000000.00 980000000000.000

414 809 700000.000

Histogram

for Program- Formal

for Program= Formal in English

The mean total expenditure for “Formal” is 12,029,545 with a standard deviation of 16,467,497 The mean total expenditure for “Formal in English” is 13,448,952 with a standard deviation of 21,517,649 The mean total expenditure for “Advanced and High quality” is 9,002,903 with a standard deviation of 7,444,829 The mean total expenditure for “Other” is 5,000,000 with a

standard deviation of 989 The mean and standard deviation are statistical measures that provide insights into the distribution of data The mean is the average value of the data, while the standard deviation is a measure of how much the data deviates from the mean The mean of students who study in formal English programs is the highest, and also the standard deviation, which means the data in this program is more deviation than other programs

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The data shows that “Formal in English” has the highest mean total expenditure, followed by

“Formal”, “Advanced and High quality”, and Other The data also shows that “Formal” has the highest variance and standard deviation, indicating that there is a wide range of total expenditures in this category The data for “Advanced and High quality” and “Other” have lower variances and standard deviations, indicating that the total expenditures in these categories are more tightly clustered around the mean Overall, the data provides valuable insights into the total expenditures related to study programs across different categories

The data shows that “Formal in English” has the highest mean total expenditure, followed by

“Formal”, “Advanced and High quality”, and “Other” This suggests that “Formal in English” has the highest average total expenditure among all categories However, it is important to note that the standard deviation for “Formal in English” is also the highest, indicating that there is a wide range of total expenditures in this category This means that while the average total expenditure for “Formal in English” is high, there are also many cases where the total expenditure is much lower

The data for “Advanced and High quality” and “Other” have lower variances and standard deviations, indicating that the total expenditures in these categories are more tightly clustered around the mean This means that while the average total expenditure for these categories is

lower than “Formal” and “Formal in English’, there is less variation in the data

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