chuyên ngành ngôn ngữ Anh văn bằng 2 Which is an alternative hypothesis in the context of a research study on the motivation to drop out of school among university students in the education field? A. Motivation is a significant factor influencing university students'''' decisions to drop out. B. There is no relationship between motivation and university students'''' dropout rates. C. The dropout rates among university students are solely determined by external factors." D. Motivation may or may not have an impact on university students'''' dropout rates. Giải thích kết quả : Sai. Đáp án đúng là: Motivation is a significant factor influencing university students'''' decisions to drop out.
Trang 1B There is no relationship between motivation and university students' dropout rates.
C The dropout rates among university students are solely determined by external
Vì: This statement implies that there is a connection or effect between motivation levels
and the likelihood of students opting to leave their university education The alternativehypothesis serves to explore or test a specific hypothesis about the phenomena underinvestigation
Tham khảo:Unit 1, 1.3.2 Hypothesis
Câu 2:
Which research gap is highlighted in the following example?
Researchers have extensively explored the impact of technology on student learning outcomes in higher education settings Numerous studies discuss the effectiveness of online learning platforms and digital resources However, there is a noticeable gap
in understanding how socio-economic factors influence access to and engagement with these technological tools, especially among students from underprivileged backgrounds.
A The importance of understanding the impact of technology on students’ learning outcome
B The necessity to explore the effectiveness of online learning platforms
Trang 2C The need for more studies on the impact of technology on student learning outcomes
D The lack of research on socio-economic factors affecting access to educational
technology
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: The lack of research on socio-economic factors affecting access to educational technology
Vì: The highlighted gap specifically points to a need for more studies that focus on the
socio-economic aspects of access to educational technology, particularly among studentsfrom underprivileged backgrounds
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.2.1 Research topic
Câu 3:
What is the main reason for analyzing and interpreting data in research?
A To provide clarity and understanding for readers
B To give a quick summary of the literature
C To narrow down the topics being studied
D To figure out answers and conclusions to research questions
Trang 3+ Research adds to our knowledge.
+ Research Improves Practice
+ Research Informs Policy Debates
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.1.1 Functions of research in education
Câu 5:
What is the first step in starting a research study?
A Collecting Data
B Specifying a Purpose for Research
C Identifying a Research Problem
D Reviewing the Literature
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Identifying a Research Problem
Vì: You begin a research study by identifying a topic to study — typically an issue or
problem in education that needs to be resolved
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.1.2 Parts of a research paper
Câu 6:
According to the lecture, how might some research projects begin?
A By addressing recognized areas of importance or concerns
B Ignoring personal experiences
Trang 4C Exclusively through sponsored research projects
D Only with randomly selected topics
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: By addressing recognized areas of importance or concerns Vì: Some research topics may begin with a recognized area of importance or topical
concern in the field
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.2.1 Research topic
Câu 7:
What is an essential characteristic of a good research project title?
A Omission of straightforward thoughts
B Easy readability and understanding
C Inclusion of complex terminology
D Length exceeding 12 words
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Easy readability and understanding
Vì: Good, sound research projects begin with straightforward, uncomplicated thoughts,
easy to read and to understand
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.2.1 Research topic
Câu 8:
In the context of informing policy debates, what is an example of a topic that research might provide information on?
A The frequency of using AI in helping students write emails
B English learning practice among students
C School choice and its effects on education
D Impact of video games on academic performance
Trang 5Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: School choice and its effects on education
Vì: Research provides information to policy makers when they research and debate
A By avoiding topics related to day-to-day work challenges
B By selecting topics only from sponsored research projects
C By addressing personal experiences or areas of interest
D By choosing random topics without any specific interest
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: By addressing personal experiences or areas of interest
Vì: Some research projects may begin with an area of interest or personal experience that
researchers may have been wanting to investigate
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.2.1 Research topic
Câu 2:
How does research contribute to educators' professional development?
A By providing solutions to existing problems for better teaching
B By promoting outdated teaching methods
C By making educators less effective professionals
D By discouraging educators from trying new practices
Giải thích kết quả :
Trang 6Đúng Đáp án đúng là: By providing solutions to existing problems for better teaching
Vì: Research improves practice because with research results, educators become more
effective professionals, they can better teaching Educators learn about and evaluate newpractices which has been tried in other settings
Tham khảo: Unit 1, 1.1.1 Functions of research in education
Câu 1:
What are two types of in-text citations and their formats, according to APA referencing style, 7th edition?
A Narrative Citation and Author-Date Citation
B Author-Date Citation and Numeric Citation
C Parenthetical Citation and Narrative Citation
D Parenthetical Citation and Footnote Citation
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Parenthetical Citation and Narrative Citation
Vì: There are two ways to use in-text citations: Parenthetical citation which puts the
author’s name and publication year in the brackets, or narrative citation in which theauthor's name is included in your sentence
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.3.2 APA referencing style
Câu 2:
Which of the following is a correct parenthetical in-text citation of a source with three authors, based on APA referencing style, 7th edition?
A (Jones, et al., 2023)
B (Jones, Smith & Kim, 2023)
C (Jones, Smith and Kim, 2023)
D (Jones & co., 2023)
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: (Jones, et al., 2023)
Vì: For 3 authors and more: Use the first author's name and el al.
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.3.2 APA referencing style
Câu 3:
Trang 7Which of the following practices does NOT show research ethics?
A Report false data
B Do not ask for agreement from participants
C All of the below
D D Publish participants’ personal data without permission
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: All of the below
Vì: Research ethics encompasses a wide range of rules to ensure the accuracy of research
results, protect the rights and welfare of participants
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.3.2 Research ethics
Câu 4:
When searching for information, why should we put keywords or phrases in quotation marks?
A To expand the results
B To keep the words or phrases in order
A An introduction of major topics mentioned in the literature review
B A description of the data collection methods
C The description of the literature review structure
D Explanation of why more research into the topic is needed
Giải thích kết quả :
Trang 8Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Explanation of why more research into the topic is needed Vì: Finally, you end with a summary of major topics mentioned in the literature review.
You also explain why more research into the topic is needed and how your study adds totheexisting literature (Creswell, 2009)
Tham khảo: Unit 2, Part 2.2.2 Structuring a literature review
Câu 6:
According Creswell (2009), how do qualitative researchers typically collect data in the natural setting?
A By conducting experiments to manipulate variables
B By relying on questionnaires and instruments developed by other researchers
C By observing behavior, examining documents, and interviewing participants in the field
D By analyzing data obtained from surveys
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: By observing behavior, examining documents, and interviewing participants in the field.
Vì: Qualitative researchers typically collect data in the natural setting through methods
such as observing behavior, examining documents, and interviewing participantsdirectly
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.1.1 Characteristics
Câu 7:
Why unstructured response is better in this case?
Structured response: Can you give me two reasons for not going to university?
Unstructured response: Why did you not go to university?
Vì: The unstructured response question allows for a more open-ended and detailed
response compared to the structured response
Trang 9Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.2 Steps to conduct an interview
Câu 8:
What is an advantage of using a semi-structured interview?
A Questions emerge from the immediate context
B It limits naturalness and relevance of questions and answers
C It reduces interviewer effects and bias
D Increases the understanding of the data
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Increases the understanding of the data
Vì: An advantage of using a semi-structured interview is that it increases the
comprehensiveness of the data by allowing for more questions with different sequencesand wording This provides a systematic approach to data collection for each respondent
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.1 Characteristics of an interview
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Lack of objectivity
Vì: Issues in conducting qualitative research include qualitative research is too
subjective, difficult to replicate problems of generalization, lack of transparency
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.1.1 Characteristics
Câu 10:
What is an advantage of using interviews for data collection?
A Limited control over questioning
B Indirect information
C Biased responses
D Spontaneity for complex issues
Giải thích kết quả :
Trang 10Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Spontaneity for complex issues
Vì: Interviews provide space for spontaneity to provide responses about complex and
Vì: Examples of journal providers: EBSCO, Elsevier, JSTOR, Web of Science, etc.
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.1.1 How to find Reliable Sources
Câu 2:
What is NOT a strategy to avoid plagiarism?
A Copy a part of previous studies
B Write the references for all cited sources
C Include authors' names and publication year of the cited source
D Put quotes between quotation marks
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Copy a part of previous studies
Vì: It is essential to cite all the sources and to credit the authors whose ideas are mentioned
in your research paper
Trang 11Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.3.1 Plagiarism
Câu 3:
Which of the following is a criterion to evaluate a source of information?
A Whether the source is well designed
B Whether the author is famous
C The cost of the source
D Whether it is relevant to your research topic
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Whether it is relevant to your research topic
Vì: We need to evaluate the content of the source to see if it is relevant and updated
(Cohen et al., 2011)
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.1.2 Evaluating sources
Câu 4:
Which of the following is often the first component of a literature review?
A The significance of the study
B The methodology
C The organization of the literature review
D How the research methodology
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: The organization of the literature review
Vì: An example outline of a literature review usually for quantitative/mixed-methods
design:
First, start by introducing the sections and organization of the literature review
(Creswell, 2009)
Trang 12Tham khảo: Unit 2, Part 2.2.2 Structuring a Literature Review
Câu 5:
Where can you often find sources for research purposes online?
A At a bookstore
B On social media platforms
C Online databases, libraries, journal providers, and search engines
D In the classroom
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Online databases, libraries, journal providers, and search engines.
Vì: Where to search for literature on the Internet.? Online databases, journal providers,
search engines, online libraries
Tham khảo: Unit 2, 2.1.1 How to find Reliable Sources
Câu 6:
What is coding in qualitative research?
A The process of transcribing data and giving it names
B Reviewing transcripts and field notes to report data
C Generating theoretical ideas from data and breaking down data
D Breaking down data into component parts and giving them names
Trang 13Câu 7:
According Creswell (2009), what is emphasized about the role of the researcher in qualitative research?
A Avoiding direct interaction with participants to maintain objectivity
B Relying on pre-established questionnaires and instruments
C Maintaining a neutral opinion during data collection
D Interpreting observations within the context of their own backgrounds and
understandings
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Interpreting observations within the context of their own backgrounds and understandings.
Vì: Qualitative researchers make interpretations of what they observe, hear, and
understand, and these interpretations are influenced by their own backgrounds, history, contexts, and prior understandings
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.1.1 Characteristics
Câu 8:
What is the initial step in the process of conducting qualitative research?
A Presenting and reporting findings
B Designing methods and collecting data
C Drawing up research questions
D Analyzing and interpreting data
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Drawing up research questions
Vì: The process is:
1) Formulate research question(s)
2) Design sampling methods and research tools
Trang 143) Select relevant site(s) and subjects
4) Collect relevant data
5) Analyze data
6) Interpret data
7) Write up findings/ conclusions
(Adapted from Bryman, 2012, p 384)
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.1.2 Process
Câu 9:
Which is the type of these questions?
Q1 What do you think about teachers' teaching methods?
Q2 What do you think about teachers' giving feedback techniques?
A Compound questions
B Closed-ended questions
C Unstructured response questions
D Structured response questions
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Unstructured response questions
Vì: These questions are focused and seek specific information.
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.2 Steps to conduct an interview
Câu 10:
What factors influence the choice of question format in an interview?
A The theoretical basis of the study
B The respondent's level of education and motivation
C The translation of general goals into specific objectives
Trang 15D The preliminary stage of the interview study.
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: The respondent's level of education and motivation.
Vì: There are many factors that influence the choice of question format, including the
respondent's level of education, motivational level, and other considerations
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.2 Steps to conduct an interview
Câu 6:
What is a common characteristic of a structured interview?
A Only some interviewees are asked questions
B Exact wording and sequence of questions
C Different wording for each question
D No set order for questions
Giải thích kết quả :
Đúng Đáp án đúng là: Exact wording and sequence of questions
Vì: The characteristics of structured interview are exact wording and sequence of
questions and all interviewees are asked the same basic questions in the same order
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.1 Characteristics of an interview
Câu 7:
Why is transcribing considered to result in data loss?
A Because it emphasizes pauses and silences too much
B Because it involves translating from oral to written language
C Because transcriptions are too detailed
D Because the original encounter is too complex
Giải thích kết quả :
Trang 16Sai Đáp án đúng là: Because it involves translating from oral to written language Vì: Transcriptions represent the translation from one set of rule systems (oral and
interpersonal) to another remote rule system (written language) This process inevitably leads to data loss as some nuances of the original encounter may not be fully captured in written form
Tham khảo: Unit 3, 3.2.2 Steps to conduct an interview
Câu 1:
Which of the following is a criticism presented by Bryman (2012) regarding
quantitative research?
A Doing survey is not efficient
B Participants might interpret concepts differently
C Quantitative research cannot be performed with a big sample size
D The method is too realistic
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Participants might interpret concepts differently
Vì: Issues with quantitative research
The participants might interpret the questions and research concepts differently from one another
Trang 17D Hypothesis testing
Giải thích kết quả :
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Data collection
Vì: Process of a quantitative research
1) Theory
2) Hypothesis
3) Research design
4) Create measures of concepts
5) Select research sites and research subjects
6) Collect data
7) Process data
8) Analyse data
9) Findings/conclusions
(adapted from Bryman, 2012, p 161)
Tham khảo: Unit 4, 4.1.2 Process of a quantitative research
Trang 18Vì: ANOVA (analysis of variance) is one of the common tests of difference used in
Sai Đáp án đúng là: useful - useless
Vì: Semantic differential scales ask respondents to mark on a position of the scale to show
their opinion They put opposite adjectives at the two ends of the scale
Tham khảo: Unit 4, 4.2.2 Types of questions
Sai Đáp án đúng là: Ratio level
Vì: Ratio level: Specifies the distance between the options, with an absolute 0 point, so
you can add, subtract, multiply, divide, compare the options