Tổng hợp các từ viết tắt tiếng anh trong mạch điện - điện tử

A Amperes, amps. App Peak-to-peak amperes AA Anti-Aliasing AAAC All Aluminum Alloy Conductor AAC All Aluminum Conductor AACSR Aluminum Alloy Conductor Steel Reinforced AAF Anti-Aliasing Filter ABC Aerial Bundled Conductors or Cables AB switch Air Break switch AC Alternating current or voltage A/C Air Conditioning ACAR Aluminum Conductor Alloy Reinforced ACB Air Circuit Breaker ACCB Air Case Circuit Breaker ACDB Alternating Current Distribution Board ACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced ACVS Air Conditioning & Ventilation System ADC Analog to Digital Converter AF Audio Frequency or Audible Frequency AFC Automated Frequency Control AFC Available Fault Current AFCB Arc Fault Circuit Breake

ACCB Air Case Circuit Breaker

ACDB Alternating Current Distribution BoardACSR Aluminum Conductor Steel ReinforcedACVS Air Conditioning & Ventilation SystemADC Analog to Digital Converter

AF Audio Frequency or Audible FrequencyAFC Automated Frequency Control

AFC Available Fault CurrentAFCB Arc Fault Circuit Breaker

AFCI Arc Fault Circuit InterrupterAFL Amps Full Load

AFT Automatic Fine TuningAGC Automatic Gain Control

AGME American Gear Manufacturer’s AssociationAGPS Assisted (or Aided) GPS

AH Ampere-Hour Capacity of Batteries.AHU Air Handling Unit

ALU Arithmetic and Logic Unit

AMOLED Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting DiodeANSI American National Standards Institute.

AO Analog OutputAoA Angle of Arrival

AOI Automatic Optical InspectionAP Access Point

APD Avalanche Photo Diode

APFC Automatic Power Factor Control

API American Petroleum Institute, Application gram Interface

Pro-ARM Advanced Reduced instruction set computingMachine

ARMS Arc Flash Reduction Maintenance Switch

ASCII American Standard Code for Information change

Inter-ASIC Application Specific Integrated CircuitASK Amplitude Shift Keying

ASME American Society for Testing and MaterialsASP Application Service Provider

ASTA Association of Short-circuit Testing Authorities.ATS Automatic Transfer Switch

ATC Automatic Temperature Control

ATMega Microcontroller Cip created by Atmel in themegaAVR family

ATMEL Advanced Technology for Memory and LogicAV Audio/video

AVO-M Ampere-Volt-Ohm MeterAVR Automatic Voltage RegulatorAWA Aluminum Wire ArmourAWG American Wire GaugeB or b Electrical SusceptanceBar or bar Pressure in atmospheres.

BASEEFA British Approvals Service for Electrical ment in Flammable Atmospheres

Equip-BBM Break before MakeBCD Binary Coded Decimal

BCR Backspace card reader and Barcode readerBER Bit Error Rate

BEV Billion Electron VoltsBGA Ball Grid Array

BIL Breakdown insulation levelBJT Bipolar Junction TransistorBLAC Brushless AC

BLDC Brushless DC

BLDM Brushless DC MotorBOM Bill Of MaterialsBPF Band Pass Filterbps Bit per secondBps Byte per second

BSI, BS, CP British Standards Institution, or its publicationsBTS Base Transceiver Station

BTU British thermal unit

BW Bandwidth, (difference between upper andlower limits of a band of frequencies)

C Electrical capacitance, ConduitCA Criticality Analysis

CAAPS Circuit Assembly And Processing SystemCACA Totally enclosed air circuit, air cooled.CACW Totally enclosed air circuit, water cooled.CAD Computer aided design.

CAN Controller area network

CATV Cable Television or Community Antennae vision

Tele-CB Circuit breaker

CBCU Circuit breaker control unit.

CBI Complementary Binary, referring to a system ofcodes

CBM Certified Ballast ManufacturerCBR Constant Bit Rate

CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

CEGB Central Electricity Generating Board (UK)CENELEC European Committee for Electro technical Stan-

cont Continuous quantity

CFL Compact Fluorescent Light or Compact rescent Lamp

Fluo-CG Cable Glands

CIR Circuit (also: CCT, CKT)

CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer

CKT Circuit (also: CCT, CIR)CLF Current Limiting Fuse

CMOS Complementary Metal – Oxide SemiconductorCMRR Common Mode Rejection Ratio

CNC Computer Numeric ControlCOG Chip-on-glass

COR CU Corrugated Copper.cos θ Power factor.

CPLD Complex Programmable Logic DeviceCPT Control Power Transformer

CPU Central Processing UnitCRO Cathode Ray OscilloscopeCRT Cathode Ray Tube

CSA, csa Cross-Sectional AreaCSI Current Source Inverter

CSP Chloro Sulphonated PolyethyleneCSS Computerized Synchronizing SystemCT Current Transformer

CU Un-tinned CopperCUWB Copper Wire Braid

CVT Constant Voltage Transformer

DAC Digital to Analog Converter

db(A) Measurement unit of sound, Decibels, absolute.dBm Unit level for power ratio expressed in decibels

(dB) with reference to one mill watt (mW)

DB Distribution Board

DC Direct Current or Voltage

DCDB Direct Current Distribution BoardDCS Distributed Control System

DE Drive End of a shaft

DEMUX Demultiplexer, Single input into multiple puts

out-DFT Discrete Fourier TransformDIA Diameter

DIMM Dual-In-line Memory Module

DIN Deutsches Institut f¨ur Normung means GermanInstitute for Standardization

DIP Dual-in-Line PackageDIPS Dual-In-Line SocketsDLD Digital Logic DesignDLL Delay Locked LoopDMA Direct Memory AccessDMM Digital Multimeter

DMS Data management systemDMT Definite minimum timeDNC Do Not Connect

DO fuse Drop Out Fuse

DOL Direct-on-line starting of induction motors.DOS Disk Operating System

DP Double Pole or Distribution PanelDPDT Double Pole, Double Throw

DPI Dots Per Inch

DPIC Double Pole Iron CladDPM Digital panel meterDPR Dividing Pulse Relay

DPST Double Pole, Single Throw

DRAM Dynamic Random Access MemoryDRC Design Rule Checking

DSP Differential Signal ProcessingDTMF Dual Tone Multi-FrequencyDTL Diode Transistor Logic

DTSP Discrete Time Signal ProcessingDUT Device Under Test

DVM Digital Volt Meter

DWR Divided winding rotor synchronous generator.E Earth or ground

EB Equipment Branch

EBIC Electron-Beam-Induced Current

EC Electrical Code or Electrical Contractor or tronic Commutator

Elec-ECAD Electronic Computer-Aided Design

ECHA Equipment certified for hazardous areas.ECL Emitter coupled logic

EEC European Economic Community

EEMVA Engineering Equipment and Materials Users sociation

As-EEPROM Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-OnlyMemory

EF Exhaust Fan

EFT Electrical fast transientEHT Extra High TensionEHV Extra high voltage

EIEMA Electrical Installation Equipment turer’s Association (UK)

Manufac-ELCB Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker

ELDC Electric Double-Layer Capacitors (supercap)ELEV Elevator

ELV Extra low voltage, less than 51 volts

EMA Ethylene methyl acrylate

EMC Electromagnetic compatibilityEMI Electromagnetic interferenceEMF, e.m.f Electromotive force

EMLDB Emergency Lighting Distribution BoardEMR Electro Mechanical Relay

EMT Electrical Metallic TubingEOCR Electronic Overcurrent RelayEOS Electrical Over Stress

EP Emergency Power

EPDM Ethylene propylene diene monomer

EPO Emergency Power Off (Button or Switch)EPR Ethylene propylene rubber

EPROM Erasable Programmable Read-Only MemoryERA Electrical Research Association (UK)

ERM Electronic restart module

ESD Emergency shutdown, Electrostatic dischargeESL Equivalent Series Inductance

ESP Electric submersible pumpESR Equivalent Series ResistanceEST Extra Super Tension

Ex (), Ex ‘ ’ Certification symbol for hazardous area ment.

equip-eV Electron volt, a unit of energy similar to joulesEWC Electric Water Cooler

EWS Engineering work station.F, f or Hz Frequency, Fuse, FaradFA Fire Alarm

FAA Fire Alarm AnnunciatorFAT Factory acceptance testingFBA Factory built assemblies.FBT Fly back TransformerFCEV Fuel Cell Electric VehicleFCU Feeder control unit.

FDM Frequency Division Multiplexing

FDNR Frequency Dependent Negative ResistorF and G Fire and Gas

FEED Front-end engineering and design of a project.FET Field Effect Transistor

FFC Flexible Flat CableFFT Fast Fourier Transform

FIFO First-In, First-Out (a queue)FILO First-In, Last-Out (a stack)FLA Full Load Amperes

Flex Flexible, used for cables.FM Frequency ModulationFMC Flexible Metal Conduit

FPGA Field-Programmable Gate ArrayFreq Frequency

FRLS Fire Resistance Low SmokeFSC Final Sub Circuit

FSM Finite State MachineFSK Frequency Shift Keying

FVC Frequency to Voltage ConverterG or g Electrical conductance, or groundGBW Gain Bandwidth Product

GCB Gas circuit breaker.GCP Generator control panel.

GFCI Ground Fault Circuit InterrupterGFI Ground Fault Interrupter

GIC Generalized Impedance ConverterGIS Gas insulated switchgear.

gm Transconductance

GO Gang Operated

GOR Gas to oil ratio of oil well fluidsGOS Group Operated Switches

GPIO General Purpose Input / OutputGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceGPS Global Positioning System

GRMC Galvanized Rigid Metal ConduitGRP Glass reinforced plastic.

GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsGSWA Galvanized steel wire armour

GSWB Galvanized steel wire braid.GTG or GT Gas-turbine generator

GTO Gate turn off thyristorGUI Graphic User Interfaceh or hr Hour.

HART Highway Addressable Remote TransducerHBT Heterojunction bipolar transistor

HCL Hydrogen chloride, gas or acid

HDMI High-Definition Multimedia InterfaceHED Hall Effect Device

HEMT High-electron-mobility transistorHF High frequency

hF E Large-signal current gain of a BJTHMI Human Machine Interface

HOA Hand-Off-Automatic Switch

HOFR Heat and oil resisting, flame retardant.Hp Horse power, unit of power in fps system

HPF High Pass Filter

HRC High rupturing capacityHT High Tension

HTS High-temperature semiconductorHUI Human User Interface

HV High voltage, above 600 volts

HVAC Heating ventilation and air conditioningHz Frequency in cycles per second, or hertzI Current in amperes

IAC or Iac Alternating current

IALA International Association of Lighthouse ities

Author-IC Integrated circuit

ICDB Iron Clad Distribution Board

ICI Imperial Chemical Industries plc (UK)ICSP In Circuit Serial Programming

ICTP Iron Clad Triple PoleIDC, Idc Direct current

IDMT Inverse definite minimum time

IEC International Electrotechnical CommissionIEE Institution of Electrical Engineers of UK

IEEE Institute of Electronic and Electrical Engineersof USA

IF Intermediate FrequencyIFT Inverse Fourier TransformIG Isolated Ground

IGBT Insulated-gate Bipolar TransistorIGFET Insulated Gate Field Effect TransistorI/O Input or output signals or quantityIOT Internet of Things

IMO International Maritime OrganizationIMC Intermediate Metal Conduit

IMCS Integrated motor control systemIMS Information management systeminst Instantaneous quantity

INT Interlock

int Intermittent quantity

IP Institute of Petroleum (UK) and its publicationsIP Ingress protection code, see IEC60529

IPMSM Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous MotorIR Insulation resistance

IS Intrinsically safe signal, circuit or equipmentIs/In, IS/IN Ratio of starting current to running currentISO International Standards Organization

ISP Internet Service Provider

ITU International Telecommunication UnionJ Energy in joules or newton-meters

J Current density, amps/mm2JB Junction Box

JFET Junction field effect transistor

JEDEC Joint Electron Device Engineering CouncilkA Kilo-amperes

KCL Kirchhoff’s Current LawKCMIL Thousand Circular Mils

KEMA Short circuit testing authority in The lands

Nether-kg Kilogram.

km Length in kilometerskpm Kilometers per hour.kV, Ku Kilo-volts.

kVA Kilo-volt-amperes.

kVAr Reactive kilo-volt-amperes.KVL Kirchhoff’s Voltage LawkW Kilowatts.

KWH Kilo Watt Hour

L Electrical inductance in henries

L Line (Phase, Live or Hot) or local control ation

oper-LA Lightning ArresterLAN Local area network

lbs Weight of a substance in pounds.LCD Liquid-crystal display

LDB Lighting Distribution BoardLDR Light Dependent ResistorLDS Low density foam

LED Light emitting diodeLEL Lower explosive limitLF Low frequency

LFMC Liquid Tight Flexible Metal ConduitLHS Left-hand side

Li–ion Lithium Ion, a type of rechargeable batteryLloyds Lloyds Register of Shipping (UK)

LMS Load management systemLNA Low noise amplifier

LNG Liquefied natural gasloc or (L) Local operation

LOP Loss of power

LOPT Line Output TransformerLOS Loss of signal

LPF Low Pass Filter

LPG Liquefied petroleum gas

LPS Lightning Protection SystemLRA Locked Rotor Amperes

LSB Least Significant BitLSDS, LSS Load shedding system

LSF Low smoke and fumes, applied to cables andwires.

LSI Large-scale integrationLSLH Low smoke low halogenLSRS, LSR Load sharing systemLT Low Tension

LTG Lighting

LV Low voltage, 50 to 600 volts

LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformer

L1, L2, L3, N Notation for line and neutral voltages and rents.

cur-LUT Look Up Table

LUX Level of illumination

LVDT Linear Variable Differential Transformerm Length or dimension in meters, or monthmA Current in milli-amperes

MAD Mean Annual Dischargeman or (M) Manual operation

and internal reflector

MBI High-pressure discharge with metallic halidesMBIF High-pressure discharge with metallic halides,

with phosphor coating

MBR Double-ended linear arc tube

MBTF Combination of MBF lamp and a filament lampMC Metal Clad Cable

MCB Miniature circuit breaker.MCC Motor control center

MCCB Moulded case circuit breakerMCM Multi-Chip Module

MCP Motor Circuit Protection

MCR Maximum continuous ratingMCU Motor control unit

MCu Microcontroller

MDB Main Distribution BoardMEC Micro Energy Cell

MEMS Micro ElectroMechanical Systems

MESFET Metal-Semiconductor Field-Effect-TransistorMESG Maximum experimental safe gap

MF Multiplying Factor

MFSK Multiple frequency-shift keyingMho Unit of electrical admittanceMI Mineral Insulated

MIC Minimum ignition current

MICC Mineral insulated calendar cableMIDI Musical Instrument Digital InterfaceMIMIC Mimic display panel

MISO Master Input Slave Output

MLDB Main Lighting Distribution BoardMLO Main Lugs Only

mm Length or dimension in millimetersMMF, mmf Magneto-motive force

MMI Man–machine interface.

MMSCF Million standard cubic feet of a gasMole % Molecular weight in %

MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect sistor

Tran-MOSI Master Output Slave InputMOV Metal oxide varistor

MPCB Motor Protection Circuit BreakerMPDB Main Power Distribution BoardMPPT Maximum Power Point TrackingMPU Microprocessor

MS Main Switch

MSB Most Significant BitMSW Module steelworkMT Mica glass tape

MTBF Mean time between failuresMTTR Mean time to repair

MUX Multiplexer, several analog or digital inputs intosingle output

MV Medium voltagemV Voltage in millivoltsMVA Mega-volt-amperes

MVAr Reactive mega-volt-amperes

N or n Number of items e.g generators installedN or n Number of turns in a winding

N or n Neutral terminal or line Neutral

NACE National Association of Corrosion Engineers(USA)

NBR Nitrile butadiene rubber

NC, N/C Normally closed switching device, No tion

Connec-NCT Neutral Current TransformerNDE Non-drive end of a shaft.

NEC National Electric Code (USA)

NEMA The National Electrical Manufacturer’s ation (USA)

Associ-NER Neutral earth resistor.

NFPA National Fire Protection Association (USA)Ni Nickel metal

NL Neutral Link, Night Light

NO, N/O Normally open switching deviceNOx Nitrogen based gas emissions.NPR Noise-power ratio

NPT National pipe threads (USA).NRZ Non Return to Zero

NS Used to describe a type of variable speed ACmotor

NTC Negative Temperature CoefficientNTS Not to scale

NVM Non Volatile MemoryO Open, off or stop

OC, O/C Overcurrent or open circuitOCB Oil circuit breaker

OCTC On-circuit Tap Changer

OCV Open Circuit Voltage, the difference in electricalpotential when disconnected from a circuitOF, O/F Over frequency

OFAF Forced circulation of internal liquid, forced heatexchanging to external air.

OFAN Forced circulation of internal liquid, naturalheat exchanging to external air.

OHL, OHLine Overhead line

Ohms Unit of electrical resistance or impedanceOIM Offshore installation manager

OL, O/L Overload

OLED Organic light-emitting diodeOLP OverLoad Protection

OLR OverLoad Relay

OLTC On-load Tap Changer

ONAF Naturally circulated internal liquid, forced heatexchanging to external air

ONAN Naturally circulated internal liquid, natural heatexchanging to external air

OpAmp Operational AmplifierOSC Oscillator

OSHA Occupational Health and Safety Administration(USA)

OTA Operational Transconductance AmplifierOV, O/V Overvoltage.

OVP Overvoltage Protector

P or W Active power, watts, Pole

p, s Laplace operator in mathematics, for transferfunctions

P & ID Piping and instrument diagramPA Public address system

PAL Programmable Array Logic

PAM Pulse or pole amplitude modulation

PB Push Button or Panic Button or Pull BoxPB, Pb Lead metal

PBWB Phosphor bronze wire braid

PC Programmable controller, Program counter;used in microcontroller

PCB Printed circuit board

PCC Point of common connection, Power ControlCentre

PCM Pulse-code modulationPDA Personal digital assistantPDB Power Distribution BoardPDM Pulse density modulationPDP Power Distribution PanelPEC PhotoElectric Cell

PELV An extra-low voltage system similar to SELVbut connected to earth at some point

PF, pf Power factor

PFD Phase/frequency detectorPFM Pulse Frequency Modulation