Tunable Lasers pptx

HANDBOOK 'TICS AND PHOTONICS t I Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Tunable Lasers HANDBOOK Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com OPTICS AND PHOTONICS (formerly Quantum Electronics) SERIES EDITORS PAUL E LIAO Bell Communications Research, Inc. Red Bank, New Jersey PAUL L. KELLEY Lincoln Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lexington, Massachusetts IVAN P. KAMINOW AT&T Bell Laboratories Holmdel, New Jersey A complete list of titles in this series appears at the end of this volume Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Tunable Lasers ANDBO Edited by F. J. Duarte Eastman Kodak Company Rochesrer, New York ACADEMIC PRESS San Diego New York Boston London Sydney Tokyo Toronto Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright 0 1995 by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Academic Press, Inc. A Division of Harcourt Brace & Company 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495 United Kingdom Edition published by Academic Press Limited 24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Duarte, F. J. (Frank J.) p. Tunable lasers handbook / F. J. Duarte. Includes index. ISBN 0-12-222695-X 1. Tunable lasers. I. Title. 11. Series. cm. - (Optics and photonics series) TA1706.D83 1995 621.36'6-dc20 95-8165 CIP PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 95 96 9798 99 00EB 9 8 7 6 5 4 321 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Contents Contributors xi Preface xiii 1. Introduction 1 2. Tunable Laser Complementarity 4 3. GoalofThisBook 5 References 6 and Intracavity Dispersion F. J. Duarte 1. Introduction 9 2. Dispersive Oscillator Configurations 10 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com vi Contents 3. Physical Dimensions 15 4. Generalized Interference Equation 16 5. Dispersion Linewidth Equation 17 6. Beam Divergence 19 7. Intracavity Dispersion 19 8. Intracavity Multiple-Prism Dispersion and Pulse 9. Transmission Efficiency of Multiple-Prism Compression 23 Arrays 24 Appendix: Dispersion of Multiple-Prism Arrays and 4 x 4 Transfer Matrices References 3 1 10. Wavelength Tuning 26 29 D. G. Harris 1. Introduction 33 2. Excimer Active Media 35 3. Tuning of Discharge and Electron Beam Pumped 4. Discharge Excimer Lasers 53 Excimer Lasers 41 References 59 Charles Freed 1. Introduction 63 2. Vibrational Energy-Level Structive of the CO, Molecule 65 3. Rotational Energy-Level Substructure of the CO, Molecule 69 4. Processes Governing the Excitation of Regular Band Laser Transitions in CO, 5. Additional Characteristics of Regular Band CO, Lasers Transitions 74 6. Lineshape Functions and Broadening Due to Gas Pressure and Doppler Shift in CO, Gas 7. Spectral Purity and Short-Term Stability 79 7 1 76 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com Con tents vi 8. Long-Term Line-Center Stabilization of CO, Lasers 82 9. Absolute Frequencies of Regular Band Lasing Transitions in Nine CO, Isotopic Species 95 10. Pressure Shifts in Line-Center-Stabilized CO, Lasers 137 1 1. Small-Signal Gain and Saturation Intensity of Regular Band Lasing Transitions in Sealed-off CO, Isotope Lasers 144 12. Laser Design 149 13. Spanning the Frequency Range between Line-Center 14. Spectroscopic Use of CO, Lasers outside Their Stabilized CO, Laser Transitions 154 Fundamental 8.9- to 12.4-pm Wavelength Range References 16 1 159 1. Introduction 167 2. Laser-Pumped Pulsed Dye Lasers 3. Flashlamp-Pumped Dye Lasers 179 4. cw Laser-Pumped Dye Lasers 5. Femtosecond-Pulsed Dye Lasers 191 6. Solid-state Dye Lasers 195 172 184 Appendix of Laser Dyes 200 References 215 Transition Metal Solid-state Lasers Norman P. Barnes 1. Introduction 219 2. Transition Metal and Lanthanide Series Lasers 225 3. Physics of Transition Metal Lasers 4. Cr:A1,0, 246 5. Cr:BeA1,04 251 6. Ti:Al,O, 258 7. Cr:LiCaA1F6 and Cr:LiSrAlF, 263 8. Cr:GSGG, Cr:YSAG, and Cr:GSAG 270 9. Co:MgF,, Ni:MgF,, and VMgF, 18. Wavelength Control Methods 281 232 275 References 288 Simpo PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com [...]... say, tunable coherent radiation Tunable lasers ar unique physical systems that enjoy an abundance of applications ranging from physics to medicine Given this utilitarian aspect, the sense of wonder in tunable lasers extends beyond beauty Tunable Lasers Handbook provides a broad and integrated coverage of the field, including dispersive tunable laser oscillators, tunable excimer lasers, tunable CO, lasers, ... CO, lasers, dye lasers, tunable solid-state lasers, optical parametric oscillators, tunable semiconductor lasers, and free electron lasers In this regard, the set of coherent sources considered here spans the electromagnetic spectrum from the near ultraviolet to the far infrared Further features are the inclusion of both discretely and broadly tunable lasers, pulsed and continuous wave lasers, and gain... For instance, although most sources of tunable coherent radiation are lasers, some sources such as the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) do not involve population inversion An additional classification can be established between broadly tunable sources of coherent radiation, including broadly tunable lasers, and discretely tunable lasers, and/or line -tunable lasers A subsequent form of classification... Chapter 4 is dedicated to tunable CO, lasers oscillating in the cw regime These two chapters deal with discretely tunable lasers in the gaseous phase Broadly tunable sources and lasers are considered in Chapters 5 to 9 Chapter 5 deals with dye lasers and Chapter 6 with transition metal solid-state lasers The latter chapter includes material on Ti3+:A1,03 and Cr3+:BeAl,04 lasers Chapter 7 considers... categorized as discretely tunable lasers and broadly tunable lasers Discretely tunable lasers are considered first because that also satisfies the more technocratic division of the F J Duarte Simpo6 PDF Merge and Split Unregistered Version - http://www.simpopdf.com subject matter in terms of physical state, that is, gas, liquid, and solid-state lasers consecutively Here, note that because dye lasers have been... exception among excimer lasers is the XeF laser with its C+A transition, which has demonstrated broadly tunable emission in the 466- to 512-nm range [25] In Table 3 of Chapter 5 bandwidth and tuning range information is included for a variety of discretely tunable lasers including excimer, N,, HgBr, and Cu lasers Wavelength information on line -tunable cw lasers such as Ar+ and the Kr +lasers is included... appropriate Free-electron lasers are listed at the end of the broadly tunable coherent sources given their uniqueness as physical systems Chapter 2 treats narrow-linewidth oscillators and intracavity dispersion The subject matter in this chapter is applicable to both discretely and broadly tunable lasers in the gaseous, liquid, or solid state Chapter 3 addresses tunable excimer lasers including ArF, KrF,... nm [ 141 701-818 nm [I51 OPO BBO Free-electron lasers (FELs) 0.41-2.7 pm [I61 2 urn-1 mmb [I71 UWavelength range covered with the use of various dyes Kombined wavelength range from several free-electron lasers T B E 2 Wavelength Coverage Available from cw Broadly Tunable Lasers AL Laser source Wavelength range Dye lasers Ti3+:AI2O, laser Semiconductor lasersc InGaAsPDnP InGaAsPDnP GaAlAs GaAlAs 320-1000... technology, and performance of tunable lasers, some authors have ventured beyond the format of a handbook and have provided comprehensive reviews This project was initiated in 1990 Completion in late 1994 has allowed the inclusion of several recent developments in the areas of solid-state dye lasers, optical parametric oscillators and external cavity tunable semiconductor lasers The editor is particularly... imaging applications The detection and assessment of the surface defects is accomplished using interferometry that applies tunable narrow-linewidth cw lasers Surface treatment requires the use of pulsed lasers operating in the high prf regime Recently, complementarity in tunable lasers has been taken a step further with the integration of systems that utilize complementary technologies to achieve a . in tunable lasers extends beyond beauty. Tunable Lasers Handbook provides a broad and integrated coverage of the field, including dispersive tunable laser oscillators, tunable excimer lasers, . excimer lasers, tun- able CO, lasers, dye lasers, tunable solid-state lasers, optical parametric oscilla- tors, tunable semiconductor lasers, and free electron lasers. In this regard, the set. be established between broadly tunable sources of coherent radiation, including broadly tunable lasers, and discretely tunable lasers, and/or line -tunable lasers. A subsequent form of