Bài tập nhóm môn An toàn sinh học và an toàn thực phẩm- Topic 6

Bài tập nhóm môn An toàn sinh học và an toàn thực phẩm. Topic 6. Thiết kế phòng thí nghiệm an toàn sinh học cho nhà máy thủy sản

TABLE OF CONTENTTABLE OF CONTENT

LIST OF TABLESLIST OF FIGURES

PART 1 LABORATORY DESIGN 1

5.1 Sample preparation room 4

5.2 Molecular biological room 4

5.3 Sample intake/ Result delivery room 4

5.4 Microbial lab room 4

4 Fire and electrical safety 11

4.1 Common safety guidelines 11

4.2 Area-specific safety guidelines 12

7.1 Overload 16

7.2 Containment against natural disaster 16

8 Emergency procedures 16

8.1 Chemical spills 16

8.2 Containment failure in natural disaster: 17

8.3 Containment failure of biological agent due to spillage 17

LIST OF TA

Table 1 Purpose of lab 1

Table 2 List of equipment and facility 2

Table 3 Risk assessment in the laboratory 6

YTable A.1 Incompatibility Reference 19

LIST OF FIGURES Y

Figure 2.1 Shower and first aid kit placement in the establishment 10Figure 2.2 Carp health section quality control laboratory design 14

PART 1 LABORATORY DESIGN1 Lab type

Quality Control

Aims: providing timely and reliable information, diagnosis, and treatment of various mal conditions in carp farming

2 Purpose of lab

Table 1 Purpose of lab

Spring Viraemia of Carp SVC

-Rhabdovirus Not present

Disease from Koi herpesvirus Koi herpesvirus

Epizootic ulcerative syndrome(EUS)

Aeromonas hydrophilainfection

- Electrophoresis: 15 minutes

The estimated sample received: 20 samples/ day

4 List of equipments and facilities

Table 2 List of equipment and facility

(WxDxH mm)

Spindown centrifuge 190 x 235 x 125 1

Centrifuge (20000G) 420 x 520 x 360 1

Gel electrophoresis system 293 x 200 x 80 1

Automatic tissue processor 670 (diameter) x540

Inverted microscopes 242 x 172 (stagesize)

Microarray scanner 430 x 670 x 420;13mW

Western blot imager 380 x 680 x 600 1

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Emergency eyewash and safetyshower station

5 Area

5.1 Sample preparation room

- Purpose: Sample and relevant chemical preparation, and sample preservation- Area: 4000 x 4000 (mm)

5.2 Molecular biological room

- Purpose: RNA extraction, prepare bait, real-time-PCR reaction, run electrophoresis, and read the results

- Area: 4000 x 8000 (mm)

5.3 Sample intake/ Result delivery room

- Purpose: Receive and return results- Area: 4000 x 4000 (mm)

5.4 Microbial lab room

- Purpose: Virus isolate culture (14 day/cycle)- Area: 4000 x 4000 (mm)

5.5 Office room

- Purpose: Staff rest, and data entry and administrative work- Area: 4000 x 4000 (mm)

6 Personnel

Staff count: 8 people including 1 manager, 2 officer staffs, and 5 lab specialists

Required Qualifications and Skills

- Bachelor's degree or higher in Biology, Chemistry, Medicine or related field(s).- Prior experience working as lab specialist.

- Proficient in handling hazardous substances (flammable, toxic, etc.).

- Possess in-depth knowledge of laboratory safety management systems, laboratory precautions and best practices.

- Able to work autonomously and under pressure, and dexterity and quick eyes.- Excellent verbal and written communication skills, and attention to details.- Analytical skills, and critical thinking and problem-solving ability.

PART 2 SAFETY CONCERNS1 Risk assessment

Table 3 Risk assessment in the laboratoryN

before, during and after usage.Visual checks by users to identifydamaged cables, overloaded sockets.3Manual handlingMedium- Training with all technicians.

- Trolleys used to transport materials,including cylinders, from delivery point

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4Slips, trips and fallsMedium- Supervisor to tour area regularly tocheck for defects to floor coverings,tripping hazards, obstructions, lighting

cables & clear up spillages promptly.

- Supervisor to carry out regularinspections of tripping hazards.

5Hygiene & welfareLow- Toilets nearby provided with hot andcold water, soap and towels.- Drinking water provided at dispenser.

- Shortages and defects reports.

6Housekeeping &Storage

Low- Always keep walkways free fromobstruction.

- Always clean work area after useAlways keep the area safe and tidy.- Safely dispose of all unwanted

- Regular checks by supervisor.

8Falling objectsLow- Light materials stored on higher levelshelving; heavier items on shelves at

waist height.

- No dangerous reagents/chemicals tobe stored above shoulder height.- Step ladder or kick stool provided to

reach upper shelves.- No staff to stand on chairs.

- Senior manager to inspect occasionallyto ensure storage and use of shelves as

9Chemicals, dusts and

biohazardsMediumDetail in part 3- Supervisor to identify any outstanding

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training needs.

- Supervisor to review personal protectiveequipment to ensure every item provides intended protection, is being worn correctly,and is properly maintained and stored.1

0Various from use ofhand toolsMedium- Hand tools issued must be maintaineda safe condition.- Regular monitoring.

1NoiseLow- Operators trained in wearingprotection.Equipment maintained regularly and

kept in good order.

- Specify noise levels in any newequipment.

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2 Biosafety level

The biosafety level of the aquaculture lab is BSL 2 as the laboratory• The laboratory works with well-characterized agents that

- Do not cause disease in healthy adult humans

- Minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment • The laboratory work is generally conducted using standard microbiological practices

• The laboratory personnel are to be accompanied by supervisors with general training in microbiology or aquaculture science.

Some Standard Microbiological Practices

- Laboratory coats must be worn

- Protective eyewear should be worn for the procedures with risks of droplets containing of microorganisms or other hazardous materials

- Access to the laboratory is restricted when experiments or work with cultures and specimens are in progress

- Personnel wash their hands after they handle viable materials, after removing gloves, and before leaving the laboratory

- Eating, drinking, smoking, applying cosmetics, storing food,… are not permitted Food is stored outside the work area in cabinets or refrigerators designated

- Mouth pipetting is prohibited; mechanical pipetting devices are used.

- Work surfaces are decontaminated at least once a day and after any spill of viable material

- All cultures, stocks, and other regulated wastes are decontaminated before disposal by an approved decontamination method.

- A biohazard sign is posted at the entrance to the laboratory whenever infectious agents are present

- Bench tops are impervious to water and resistant to moderate heat and the organicsolvents, acids, alkalis, and chemicals used to decontaminate the work surface and equipment

- Space and facilities should be provided for the safe handling and storage of solvents, radioactive materials, and compressed and liquefied gases

- Reverse osmosis water is supplied

- Potentially contaminated wastes are separated from the general waste stream.- Doors should be kept closed and posted with appropriate hazard signs

- Safety systems should cover fire, electrical emergencies, emergency showers, and eyewash facilities

- At Biosafety Level 2, an autoclave or other means of decontamination should be available in appropriate proximity to the laboratory

- First-aid areas suitably equipped and readily accessible.

Figure 2.1 Shower and first aid kit placement in the establishment

The following equipment/consumables should be provided:

- Chemical spill kits

- Protective clothing, e.g heavy-duty rubber gloves, overshoes, or rubber boots - Respirators

- Scoops and dustpans

- Forceps for picking up broken glass - Mops, cloths, and paper towels - Buckets

- Soda ash (sodium carbonate, Na2CO3) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) for neutralizing acids and corrosive chemicals

- Sand (to cover alkali spills) - Non-flammable detergent.

General rules regarding chemical incompatibilities

Mixing incompatible materials (chemicals or wastes) can result in excessive heat, over-pressurization, fire, or other dangerous situations If you plan to mix chemicals or litter in a waste container or group them in a bag, tray, or bucket, you must first determine whether any dangerous situations may result, as shown in Appendix 1

4 Fire and electrical safety4.1 Common safety guidelines

Electrical safety

- All rooms must be equipped with circuit breakers, one main circuit breaker for theentire room and one circuit breaker for each subset of appliances In rooms with risk of water contacting power socket/power lines whether through spraying or accident, additional ground-fault circuit breakers must be provided.

- Appliances that can consume in excess of 2000 W at 220V must be connected to their own circuit breakers.

- Prioritise appliances with ground connection, especially appliances with metal shells.

- Prioritise recessed power socket and corresponding plug to minimise bare hand contacting the power plug's lead(s).

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- All sockets must be installed at eye line-height in areas with risk of liquid coming into contact, otherwise must be arranged such that they are visible with minimised riskof accidental skin contact.

- Tables, counters, etc are encouraged to be isolated from earth-ground as much as possible (i.e glass tops, rubber feet); shoes with dielectric sole and covered toes must be worn to prevent completion of an earth-ground circuit in the event of personnel being exposed to live power line.

- Ensure appliances are turned off fully before attempting to connect or disconnect power plug with power socket.

- Attempts at electrical bodges are forbidden.

- Extension cords are discouraged Daisy-chaining extension cords is forbidden.

Fire safety

- All rooms are to be equipped with fire extinguisher of both non-carbon dioxide and powder in accordance to TCVN 3890:2009 placed near egress doors ensuring coverage of at least 1 extinguisher per 75 sq m with radius of access no more than 15 meters.

- 2 independent smoke alarms of both the radioactive method and infrared method must be installed per room, ceiling structure must not obstruct radioactive smoke detector's line of sight, otherwise, treat as multiple areas.

- Arrangement of appliances and/or material, both primary and auxiliary must not obstruct paths, on or create choke points in paths.

- Appliances capable of generating/utilizing high temperatures must have a safety margin of at least 30 cm on each side to dissipate heat Organic material unless

specifically for use with such appliances is strongly discouraged from being

Maintenance of safety devices

- Electrical safety measures must be tested every 6 months, especially ground-fault circuit breakers

- Smoke alarms must be tested every 3 months and have their batteries checked andreplaced.

4.2 Area-specific safety guidelines

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Sample preparation area

- No metals may be present inside the microwave during operation, including surface-plating metal

Molecular biology lab

- (No special guidelines)

Sample receive/Result delivery room

- (No special guidelines)

Figure 2.2 Carp health section quality control laboratory design.

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6 Organization and training6.1 Biosafety officer

The biosafety officer is for ensuring safety compliance and provide biosafety consulting This position’s work consists of:

- Establish proper procedures for the entry and exit of biological agents to and fromthe laboratory in accordance with regulations.

- Perform internal audits of methodology, processes, procedures, biological agents, materials, and equipment on a regular basis.

- Contact the relevant authorities regarding biosecurity and its violations

- Ensure all lab personnel have received the necessary biosecurity training as well as organize ongoing biosafety training.

- Ensure experiments and tests are designed and carried out within the established safety framework.

- Ensure all experimental data and test results are formatted according to internal standards, both written and electronic.

- Be present and coordinate incident response when containment of infectious or toxic substances were breached, ensuring thorough decontamination in the aftermath.

- Coordinate with medical personnel on infections acquired in laboratories

- Ensure proper waste management and disposal according to biosafety protocols.- Ensure disinfection of equipment relevant to a repair or maintenance of an appliance that comes into contact with biological agents.

- Keep watch on public perceptions of health and environmental issues

6.2 Training

- Stay up to date with relevant scientific and technical developments.

- If personnel are not from a microbiology background, training on handling biological agents is to be provided Such personnel are encouraged to report doubts and/or uncertainties in any procedures to minimize risk of biological containment failures from a gap in technical expertise.

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- All personnel are to be trained in preventing and handling electrical and fire emergencies once upon onboarding, and a fire drill is arranged to be performed every 2 years.

- All personnel are to be briefed about the lab's electrical layout and electrical appliances' risks.

7 Contingency plan7.1 Overload

- Stock 1.4x surplus reagents PCR primers should be purchased once stock has reduced by 50%.

- Connections to 3rd party testing labs must be established in case of needing to outsource testing.

- Prepare personnel such that total processing capacity can support up to 1.4x surge/spike in demands.

7.2 Containment against natural disaster

- All samples are to be packed in polyethylene bag, sealed before storage.- Molecular biology and Microbiology lab must be cleaned in-between sample processing sessions to reduce the risk of pathogen containment (within facility's perimeter) failure

8 Emergency procedures8.1 Chemical spills

- Notify the appropriate safety officer

- Evacuate non-essential personnel from the area, avoiding breathing in vapor from spilled material.

- Attend to persons who may have been exposed

- If the spilled material is flammable, extinguish all open flames, turn off the gas in the room and adjacent areas, open windows (if possible), and switch off electrical equipment that may spark

- Establish exhaust ventilation if it is safe to do so - Secure the necessary items to clean up the spill.

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8.2 Containment failure in natural disaster:

- Equip PPE ensuring minimal exposed skin.

- Assess damage and identify direction of containment failure If inapplicable, assume omnidirectional containment failure.

- Gather sample logs from the last 3 months and submit to local CDC, make clear note of any cases of infection/outbreak.

- Secure an area to set up a temporary lab if damage extends to the lab’s infrastructure.

- Disinfect the lab with personnels trained in handling microbiological clean-up, or outsource clean-up to 3rd party with prior notice on possible microbiological activity.

8.3 Containment failure of biological agent due to spillage

- Clean the surface with disinfectant (70% alcohol).

- Collect contaminated items into containers and autoclave them for sterilization.- Waste contaminated with microorganisms must be autoclaved at 121 C for 20⁰C for 20minutes before being disposed of in the collection bin in accordance to protocol on disposing biohazardous material.

- The person assigned to handle the area should be fully equipped: detergent, container, absorbent towel, carrying bag Wear full personal protective equipment when handling.

8.4 Fire

- Turn off the entire power system, cut off the power supply bridge.

- Evacuate all people and chemicals from the laboratory, especially flammable solvents.

- If the fire is contained within a small area, immediately locate a fire extinguisher according to the fuel of the fire as per fire handing training and use it against the fire.

- If the fire cannot be contained with extinguishers, immediate contact the nearest fire department.

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