evaluation of the efficiency and advanced solutions in solid waste management at nui phao mining company limited

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL AND FORESTRYLAI XUAN MINHEVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY AND ADVANCED SOLUTIONS INSOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT NUI PHAO MINING COMPANY LIMITED

INTRODUCTION

Research Rationaly

Following the current strong development of industries and population explosion, in that context Vietnam is still a developing country, to transform itself into a developed country Vietnam focuses mainly on mining industry for economic development Garbage in general and solid waste has been, is and will be a painful problem in the current situation for people, requiring a lot of specific policies, long-term strategic plans to manage waste, control and minimization of solid waste.

The environment has become an urgent global issue, posing many challenges to us in the face of natural fluctuations and the main impacts from industrialization and modernization of machinery Vietnam is a developing country and is not outside the world's rotation Faced with the urgent problems of environmental pollution in Vietnam, many challenges need to be overcome To achieve the goals of the Party and State outlined in the process of making Vietnam strive to become an industrialized and modernized country, a developed country by 2045, it is accompanied by the mission of protecting environmental sustainability.

Vietnam is one of the countries with the largest mineral reserves globally;Vietnam is rich in mineral resources with more than 5000 mines of 60 minerals.Some types have important reserves, such as bauxite (672.1 million tons) and apatite (0.778 million tons), which have attracted the government's attention with great investment; the mining industry is one of the most important Major industries contribute to industrialization and modernization, moving towards a developed country with a large GDP contribution to the government budget.According to calculations in 2008-2013, the mining industry's contribution to the country's GDP Vietnam increased from 9.07% in 2008 to 11.49% in 2013, equivalent to 411,673 billion VND.

This topic comes from the reality and the importance of assessing the current status of environmental management and solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited, thereby offering timely solutions to improve management efficiency Environmental management in reliable waste treatment in Nui Phao Mine and Factory With the consent of the Office of the Faculty of Advanced Programs, Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, under the guidance of the teacher: Ph.D Nguyen Thanh Hai, with the topic: "Evaluating the effectiveness and proposing measures to improve in the work of environmental management and solid waste management in the area of Nui Phoa Minerals Exploitation Company Limited, Hamlet 2, Hai Thuong Commune, Dai

Tu District, Thai Nguyen Province.

Research’s objective

The report sets out the following objectives: for the factory:

- Studying the operational apparatus, existing environmental protection works at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited One Member Limited Liability Company.

- Evaluation of solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining One Member Company Limited.

- Identification of solid waste in the process of mining and mineral processing.

- Identify measures to reduce, treat solid waste and evaluate

- Proposing some solid waste management solutions.

- Improve skills in environmental management practices

- Learn the work of the committees such as legal - in research, planning, measures and documents on the environment, monitoring, collection, and sampling necessary to study the urgency of the need for treatment Management of the discharge process into the environment, recovery board: renovating and restoring, returning to the earth after open-pit mining.

Research Content of work

Visiting, monitoring, learning the operating process of the factory

Participating in the operation and treatment of environmental protection works Read the literature on pre-mining ecological impact assessment.

Find out the hazardous waste management report of the dangerous waste source owner.

Collect, process, and analyze hazardous waste management reports of hazardous waste generators, data on solid waste, and hazardous waste management.

Take photos, record videos, record solid waste treatment processes, and other related environmental protection works.

Transfer all data and data from Vietnamese to English

Information of Thai Nguyen Province

Thai Nguyen province, a locality located in the northeast of Vietnam, it is one of the largest central cities of the northern midland and mountainous region, with robust development of industrialization and modernization Water has helped Thai Nguyen province to have outstanding products, contributing a significant part of GDP to the country With various characteristics, many types of production, such as fuels, metals, non-metals, and building materials In the process of exploitation, there are many agents born in surveying, evaluating, exploiting, and operating the exploitation These jobs can cause and destroy the ecological environment, environmental land umbrella, water umbrella environmental umbrella Currently, in Thai Nguyen province, Nui Phao Mining Company Limited is a company that applies a lot of the latest high technology, with the most extensive tungsten production storage in the world (outside the country) China ) with the exceptional work of open-pit mining, so the protection and prevention of environmental pollution are urgent issues requiring strict and specific management measures Therefore, ecological companies management, source management, and solids treatment are some of the Company's problems today.

Thai Nguyen has an area of 3,534 km2 with a population of over 1.27 million people, is a province with many ethnic groups living, and is known as the most comprehensive educational center of the country (3rd place) with 21 universities Colleges in the province Thai Nguyen is rich in mineral resources and a tea-growing center with more than 100,000 tons per year Thai Nguyen tea.Mineral resources of Thai Nguyen province are rich in types, many of which are significant in the region and the whole country, such as iron, coal (especially lignite), tungsten This creates an advantage in mining and metallurgical industries, making Thai Nguyen one essential metallurgical industry center.

Profile of Nui Phao Company Limited

1.5.1 Information about Nui Phao Company Limited

Nuphar Mining Joint Venture Company (Nuiphaovica) was established following Investment License 2377/GP dated 03/02/2004 of the Ministry of Planning and Investment There are three partners in this joint venture: Tiberon Minerals Ltd (Canada) and two Vietnamese partners: Thai Nguyen Minerals Company - a government-owned company - and Thai Nguyen Import-Export and Investment Company a private company.

The Company has two addresses in Vietnam:

Hamlet 2, Hai Thuong Commune, Dai Tu District, Thai Nguyen Province

29 Xuan Dieu, Tay Ho District, Hanoi

Nui Phao project is an open-pit complex multi-metal mine project of MasanTai Nguyen Company, operated by Nui Phao Mining Company Limited NuiPhao Mining located in Hamlet 2, Hai Thuong Commune Nui Phao located at latitude 21°39' 10" and longitude 105°37' 20", 20km from Thai Nguyen city,situated on the inter-provincial highway 37 connecting seven provinces, ThaiBinh city, Hai Phong, Hai Duong, Bac Giang, Thai Nguyen, Tuyen Quang, Yen

Learn about sorting plastic waste Factors and hazards that industrial deafness can cause to workers Noise prevention and safety regulations.

Take a quality test at the end of class to assess your ability to absorb the lesson. Learn about sorting plastic waste Garbage storage areas and we need to put the garbage and separate garbage in the right place.

Learn the reporting steps to assess and reduce risk before activities, during activities, and after activities at each job.

The survey, learn about the contents of reports on risk reduction assessments in occupational safety, Take 5 31-08-

Training on personnel at Nui Phao

Find out about the operation of Masan company in general and mountain cannon mining company. Training and introduction on environmental work at Nui Phao

Visiting factories and mining areas Research and survey the location, project description,operating procedures at the plant, safety stages, environmental management frameworks, and recommendations. Briefly learn about the operating apparatus at Nui Phao Mining Company

Limited, strategic locations. Receive and read and learn about the environmental impact assessment report at the 2005 mining, tungsten, fluorite, copper, and gold bismuth project, and the additional 2007 environmental impact assessment report.

Briefly learn about the operating apparatus at Nui Phao mining company, strategic locations.

Visiting, learning experience from the environmental monitoring department at Nui Cano environment room

Participate in monthly water sampling activities, take domestic water samples from wells of 30 families living around the Nui Phao mine area, and analyze and test the content of domestic well water.

Collect data from hazardous waste management reports at Nui Cano

Process, list, compare the figures between the years company 2018-2019

Create a table showing the similarities and differences as well as the differences with each other.

Establish and learn annual waste management standard processes

Record the detailed stages of solid waste collection and treatment

The purposes must have the process, the scope of the process, the regulations, the reference decree

Activities

2.1.1 Status of Solid waste in the world

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy pose severe ecosystems and human health risks In 2016, cities worldwide generated 2.01 billion tons of solid waste or 0.74 kg per day Every year, the waste generation rate is increasing; an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide, and the decomposition of organic solid waste contributes about 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide Of all waste streams, waste from electrical and electronic equipment containing new and complex hazardous substances is the fastest growing challenge in developed and developing countries.

Moreover, annual waste generation suits to increase by 70% from 2016 levels; global waste will grow to 3.40 billion tons by 2050, more than double the population growth rate over the same period Overall, there is a positive correlation between waste generation and income levels Daily waste per capita in high-income countries is expected to increase by 19% by 2050, compared with low- and middle-income countries, where an increase of about 40% or more than expected Waste generation initially decreases at the lowest income level and then increases faster for incremental changes in income at the lower-income level than at the high-income group The total amount of waste generated in low- income countries is expected to more than triple by 2050 East Asia and thePacific region are developing most of the world's destruction, at 23%, and the

A LITERATURE REVIEW

Internation Review

2.1.1 Status of Solid waste in the world

The increasing volume and complexity of waste associated with the modern economy pose severe ecosystems and human health risks In 2016, cities worldwide generated 2.01 billion tons of solid waste or 0.74 kg per day Every year, the waste generation rate is increasing; an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide, and the decomposition of organic solid waste contributes about 5% of global greenhouse gas emissions Every year, an estimated 11.2 billion tons of solid waste is collected worldwide Of all waste streams, waste from electrical and electronic equipment containing new and complex hazardous substances is the fastest growing challenge in developed and developing countries.

Moreover, annual waste generation suits to increase by 70% from 2016 levels; global waste will grow to 3.40 billion tons by 2050, more than double the population growth rate over the same period Overall, there is a positive correlation between waste generation and income levels Daily waste per capita in high-income countries is expected to increase by 19% by 2050, compared with low- and middle-income countries, where an increase of about 40% or more than expected Waste generation initially decreases at the lowest income level and then increases faster for incremental changes in income at the lower-income level than at the high-income group The total amount of waste generated in low- income countries is expected to more than triple by 2050 East Asia and thePacific region are developing most of the world's destruction, at 23%, and the region The Middle East and North Africa regions are the least productive in absolute terms, at 6% However, the fastest-growing areas are Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, whereby in 2050, the total amount of waste generated is expected to more than triple, double, and double pair In these regions, more than half of all waste is currently being discharged directly into the environment, and this will have enormous impacts on the environment, health, and well-being, thus requiring urgent action.

2.1.2 Status of Solid waste management in the world a) Sorting and collecting, transporting

The proportion of urban solid waste collected varies with the income level of countries, whereby the higher the country's income, the higher the rate of solid waste collection Specifically, the rate of solid waste collection in high-income countries and North American countries is close to 100% Low-middle-income countries have an average collection rate of about 51%, while only about 39% in low-income countries In low-middle-income countries, collection rates reach 71% in urban areas and 33% in rural areas Collection service coverage in Asia- Pacific countries averages around 77% in urban areas and 45% in rural areas (Silpa K et al., 2018). b) Cleaning recycle

According to research by UNEP in 2015 and World Bank 2018, the rate of urban solid waste recycling has increased steadily over the past 30 years in high- income countries, reaching an average of 29% In developing countries, the proportion of urban solid waste recycled is less than 10%, notably about 6% for low-middle income countries Metal, paper, and plastic recycling are powerfully deployed, in which China, India are the countries that recycle the most Before

2018, China imported 60% aluminum scrap, 70% recycled paper, 56% plastic scrap (UNEP, ISWA, 2015; Silpa K et al., 2018) However, since 2018, China has implemented restrictions on the import of waste for recycling.

An estimated 84% of e-waste globally is recycled, with much of it done in developing countries (such as China, India, Vietnam), given that What estimated the material value of e-waste worldwide at 48 billion Euros in 2014 (Balde et al., 2015) Wastes in agriculture and livestock are often recycled into energy in the form of biogas Construction waste is recycled at a high rate in developed countries, reaching 99% in Japan and New Zealand (UNEP, ISWA, 2015).

In general, the recycling industry is well developed in high-income countries and underdeveloped in low- and middle-income countries, where the informal sector mainly carries out recycling China alone has recently made substantial strides in the development of the recycling industry, especially in energy recovery. c) Solid waste treatment/destroy

On average globally in 2016, 70% of domestic solid waste was treated/destroyed by landfill method, of which 33% by landfills of all kinds and37% by open-pit dumps; 19% of domestic solid waste is recycled and composted,the remaining 11% is destroyed by incineration High-income countries apply sanitary landfill, recycling, and energy recovery incineration with 39%, 29%, and22% solid waste, respectively Low-middle-income governments are burying about 84% (66% of which are open-pit, 18% planted) The rate of energy recovery incineration in upper-middle-income countries has increased rapidly, to 10% in 2016 due to the transition in China.

2.1.3 Some solid waste treatment methods in the world

Solidification is typically linked with a similar waste treatment process called stabilization While solidification encapsulates a waste to form a solid material or coats the trash with a low permeability cover, stabilization refers to operations that involve chemical reactions that reduce the leachability of a waste. Some treatment reagents will both solidify and stabilize the contaminant matrix. For example, a treatment reagent such as cement can reduce the mobility of many metal contaminants by forming insoluble hydroxides, carbonates, and silicates (stabilization) and provide a solid encapsulation matrix to reduce leaching (solidification).

Many S/S technologies can handle complex mixtures of different wastes. S/S can effectively handle materials contaminated with certain types of organic chemicals Treatment of volatile organics with S/S is a dilemma and has not been widely used.

Most binding agents are relatively inexpensive.

Several non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) have been processed through S/S. What can achieve fixed treatment endpoints relatively quickly.

S/S can improve the structural properties of soil, waste, and sludge (e.g., durability) to facilitate the consideration of beneficial soil reuse.

What can apply this technology for topical and field treatment.

Applications include dry or wet conditions, thereby reducing dehydration and waste management problems.

Simple, readily available equipment and materials are used.

On-site management of contaminated materials helps conserve landfill space without the need for off-site transportation.

Most S/S techniques require a low level of skill.

Depending on the location, S/S can be more cost-effective than off-site excavation and handling.

Many S/S techniques do not reduce contaminant toxicity.

Contaminants are not destroyed or removed; Long term management may be required.

The volume increase that occurs in the treated mass may require treatment. Implementation requires the removal of debris or underground obstructions before disposal.

Given the non-uniform distribution of contaminants in the surface, mixing the waste on-site and the binder can lead to uneven performance.

S/S of sensitive areas may preclude a more comprehensive recovery in the future. The effectiveness of S/S on certain contaminants (e.g., some organic species, such as volatile organics or highly migratory species) may require additional measures Addition in testing and design The cement-based S/S process alone is ineffective in handling volatile organics or certain metals (e.g., chromium(VI)) that do not form highly insoluble hydroxides.

Potential changes in the physical setting (e.g., groundwater runoff, mounds) may need to be assessed.

Uncertainty is associated with predictions of long-term behavior.

Options for post-treatment or modification are limited by the duration of field performance testing and the changing properties of the treated material.

Incineration is a waste treatment method that involves burning the organic materials present in the waste The process of incineration and other high- temperature waste management processes is known as "heat treatment."

1 Reduce the amount of waste

Incinerators can reduce the amount of waste by 95% and reduce the solid mass of the original waste by 80-85%, depending on the components present in the solid waste Thus, incineration reduces dependence on landfills.

Therefore, although incinerators do not eliminate landfills, they certainly reduce the amount of land required This is remarkable for small-sized and land- deprived countries like Japan because landfills take up large amounts of land needed for other productive purposes.

Incineration plays an essential role in making waste management more accessible and more efficient Incineration can burn up to 90% of the total waste generated and sometimes even more However, landfills only allow organic decomposition without making much difference, and non-organic waste continues to accumulate.

Incineration plants generate energy from waste that can be used to generate electricity or heat During the 1950s, the cost of fuel increased dramatically.

So many countries have combined the heat and energy generated from waste incinerators to produce electricity using steam turbines It can be used to power the needs of people living nearby.

See also Metal recycling: How to recycle metal and its importance

National review

2.2.1 Status of Solid waste in Vietnam

In recent years, population growth and socio-economic development have increased the demand for goods, raw materials, and energy, leading to a large amount of domestic solid waste and solid waste—industry in Vietnam.

According to the National Environment Report of the Ministry of NaturalResources and Environment, pollution from garbage continues to be one of the critical environmental problems Solid waste is generated more and more on a national scale with an increasing rate of about 10% per year and will continue to increase enormously in the coming time in both quantity and toxic levels TheMinistry of Construction - the central agency directly in charge of the management of urban domestic solid waste and rural domestic solid waste,assessed that in 2018, the total amount of household solid waste in the whole country was 12 0.8 million tons, of which the urban area (from grade 4 and above) is 6.9 million tons (about 19 thousand tons/day) According to the data of the General Department of Environment, the amount of regular solid waste arising from industrial production activities is estimated at 25 million tons/year,about 8.1 million tons/year from industrial zones alone Due to increasing industrialization and the increasing use of chemicals, the composition of industrial solid waste may change towards an increase in hazardous waste.

Data from the Statistical Yearbook shows that, in 2017, the country collected over 37.8 thousand tons of solid waste every day, which treated the total amount of ordinary solid waste collected to meet technical standards and regulations The corresponding country reached over 31.6 thousand tons (accounting for 83.6%, up 2.6% compared to 2016); the remaining nearly 6.2 thousand tons of solid waste has been collected but has not been treated according to regulations The collection and treatment of solid waste in urban areas has reached 70-85%; in rural areas, it only comes 40-45% By economic region, the Southeast and the Red River Delta are the two regions with the highest volume of treated solid waste (12.8 and 10.7 thousand tons/day, respectively); these are also the two regions that generate large amounts of solid waste Solid waste is the highest in the economic areas across the country The above figures are official statistics on solid waste collected, not to mention the large volume of uncollected solid waste discharged along rural roads, seas, rivers, streams, or people voluntarily collect it burn every day

2.2.2 Status of solid waste in Thai Nguyen province

Currently, solid waste in the province has a volume of 720 tons/day, of which domestic solid waste accounts for 82% The rate of collection and treatment in districts, cities, and towns are also quite different, in Thai NguyenCity and Song Cong Town reaching 70-80%, and in cities only 20-30% The whole province has two new solid waste treatment complexes in Song Cong town and Thai Nguyen city In the city Thai Nguyen assigned Urban andEnvironment Company to carry out, bury at Da Mai landfill; In Song Cong town, it is appointed to the Urban Management Board of the city and treated at Song Cong garbage processing plant.

In the districts, waste is being manually buried in temporary landfills, without a specialized unit to collect and treat Currently, the destruction is mainly done by self-managed sanitation groups formed spontaneously The whole province has about 12 environmental sanitation self-management units in the districts, organizing garbage collection in the central area: towns and some towns Therefore, the situation of domestic waste indiscriminately dumping at the foot of bridges, streams, roadsides, and public places in the districts is still quite common As for medical waste, the collection and treatment hygiene and hygiene only reached 49% The situation of manually buried waste in district hospitals is still the main problem.

Regarding industrial waste and hazardous waste: A part of industrial waste has been classified for recovery, recycling, and treatment, while most of it is still dumped in the factory's garbage dumps, but most of the waste dumps that are not built, managed in a sanitary manner have polluted the soil and water environment around the area, or dumped indiscriminately or used for leveling Construction waste has not been collected and managed, partly used for ground leveling, and partially dumped indiscriminately.

As for hazardous industrial waste, initially collected, classified, and managed by waste source owners according to regulations, but not thoroughly,there is still the situation of dumping and selling hazardous waste without restriction Intending to improve the efficiency of solid waste management by planning regional solid waste management to 2025, Thai Nguyen province strives to collect and treat 100% of urban daily-life solid waste, including 90% recycled, used, energy recovery, or compost.

2.2.3 Sitiuation of waste management in Vietnam

In Vietnam at present, the rate of domestic solid waste collection in urban areas is about 85.5%, and in rural areas - about 40-55% in 2018 (TCMT, 2019), higher than the average level of low-income countries Low average in the world.

As a low-middle-income country, the recycling rate of domestic solid waste in Vietnam is still low, about 8-12% of urban domestic solid waste The processing of microbial fertilizers and fuel pellets from solid waste has been implemented but not yet popular; Currently, about 35 organic fertilizer processing facilities have not developed strongly (MONRE, 2017) Informal recycling activities in craft villages are well developed, such as plastic recycling in Minh Khai (Hung Yen), lead recycling in Chi Dao (Hung Yen), paper recycling in Yen Phong (Bac Ninh), recycling of paper and paper products Processing e- waste in Van Mon (Bac Ninh)…, with outdated technology, polluting the environment Despite its great potential, the processing and recovery of energy from waste has only been initially implemented (such as in Quang Binh, Ha Nam, Binh Duong, and Hanoi) (Thang N.T et al., 2019).

Waste management in Vietnam is characterized by relatively limited collection, treatment, and disposal of almost all types of waste For different types of waste, management and operation are associated with little monitoring and lack of capital for investment and operation As a result, a large amount of waste is not treated or destroyed in a controlled manner Deficiencies in waste management are negatively affecting economic development and sustainable growth in Vietnam The environmental and public health consequences are pretty severe, especially in localities with high emission levels and high population density, leading to contaminated groundwater, contaminated water sources, and soil pollution They are spreading disease and being exposed to severe air pollution from waste incineration.

Including a large volume of uncollected solid waste discharged to the side of rural roads, seas, rivers, streams, or people voluntarily collect and burn every day.Waste management in Vietnam is characterized by relatively limited collection, treatment, and disposal of almost all types of waste For different types of waste, management and operation are associated with little monitoring and lack of capital for investment and operation As a result, a large amount of waste is not treated or destroyed in a controlled manner Deficiencies in waste management are negatively affecting economic development and sustainable growth in Vietnam The environmental and public health consequences are severe, especially in localities with high emission levels and high population density, leading to contaminated groundwater, contaminated water sources, and soil pollution They are spreading disease and being exposed to severe air pollution from waste incineration.

CHAPTER III EVALUATES THE EFFECTIVENESS AND IMPROVEDSOLUTIONS IN SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AT NUI PHAO

Object of study

Assess the efficacy and improve solutions in solid waste management atNui Phao Mining Company Limited.

Scope of study

Status and operation in the environmental management of solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited.

Location

Mining company limited, Ha Thuong Commune, Dai Tu District, ThaiNguyen province.

Time Conduct

Operational apparatus for environmental management at Nui Phao Mining

Assess the efficacy and improve solutions in solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited.

Status and operation in the environmental management of solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited.

Mining company limited, Ha Thuong Commune, Dai Tu District, Thai Nguyen province.

3.5 Operational apparatus for environmental management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited

Director of External Relations, Community and Environment Vo Tien Dung

Head of the environment department Nguyen Van Tuan

Head of the legal department

Head of the Land Restoration and Improvement Department Head of the monitoring committee

The Definition following the document of Nui Phao Mining Limited

- Waste is material discharged from production, business, service, daily life, or other activities.

- Solid waste is waste in solid or viscous form (also known as sludge) discharged from production, business, service, living and other activities.

- Hazardous waste contains toxic, radioactive, infectious, flammable, explosive, corrosive, harmful, or other hazardous properties.

- Ordinary waste is waste that is not on the list of hazardous wastes on the list of hazardous waste but has dangerous elements below the dangerous waste threshold. Domestic solid waste (also known as domestic waste) is solid waste generated in people's daily activities.

Industrial solid waste is solid waste arising from production, business, and service activities.

- Scrap is a material that is recovered, classified, selected from materials and products that have been discarded from the production or consumption process to be used as raw materials for another production process.

- Reuse of working waste to reuse waste directly after preliminary processing without changing the properties of the trash.

- Waste recycling is the process of using technological solutions and techniques to recover valuable components from waste.

- Environmental yard (scrap yard) is an area to store scrap, ordinary industrial solid waste, and domestic waste.

- The hazardous waste storage area is the storage area for hazardous waste generated by Nui Phao Mining Company Limited (next to the PSRP lake).

- The waste transfer station (next to the hazardous waste warehouse) is a temporary waste collection area of the processing plant to solve the problem of hygiene in the working area.

- Ordinary industrial waste is waste generated from production activities but without hazardous components;

- Hazardous waste storage warehouse is a warehouse with a roof; the door is divided into separate cells used to store hazardous waste before transferring it to the contractor;

- The gathering area is the temporary storage area at the arising points before transferring to the storage warehouse or moving directly to the contractor.

- Environmental yard: is an area for the temporary storage of scrap, IT, and domestic waste.

3.7.1 Sources of waste generation at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited

During the process of survey, construction, and production operation at Mineral Exploiting and Processing Co., Ltd, it is required to generate a large amount of solid waste from many different sources:

- Motorcycle maintenance and repair workshop

- TSF tail ore area (Ore tail and Sun tail)

- Repairing the workshops of miners and ore collectors

- Nui Phao factory area and MT factory area

This topic will focus on environmental management - solid waste management at Nui Phao Mining Company Limited

3.7.2 Classification Solid waste in Nui Phao Mining Company Limited

Waste Nui Phao Mining Company Limited will be divided into two main groups. Group 1: General waste

The mining pit area has an area of about 93 hectares (including the road area), including two main parts: the eastern pit and the western pit The east hole is exploited before the west of the crater; mining and development activities moong is conducted all year round, 24 hours a day, 07 days a week, except for the unexpected suspension due to extreme weather phenomena.

The soil and rock disposal area consist of two landfills, one located north of the mining pit and one in the south The northern landfill has an area of 60ha, a storage capacity of 77 million tons, and the elevation at the end of dumping is cos +195m; The southern landfill has an area of 21.5 hectares, a storage capacity of 15.6 million m3, and an elevation at the end of dumping is cos +130 m. Waste rock in the mining process (soil and rock in the cover layer including saprolite, laterite, and components with a lot of calcium silicate, granite; Waste rock without the potential for acid formation (non-PAG) soil and rock with high arsenic content (3 primary sources of soil and rock with arsenic content higher than 1000 ppm that need to be removed are factory sites, open pits, and highway improvements)

Ordinary daily-life solid waste arises from the daily activities of employees and contractors operating within the Company's scope Sources appear, such as office area, processing factory area, warehouse area, repair, and maintenance workshop area.

Fabrics, tarpaulins, nylon bags, warning ropes; packages that do not contain hazardous ingredients;

Styrofoam, broken glass; glass and aluminum frames/plastic doors Damaged plastic pipes, wire sheaths, plastic conduits for electrical cables Wood chips, waste collection table; broken tables and chairs

Group 2: during the production and processing of ores

During the production and processing of ores, a large amount of solid waste is generated – industrial waste that needs to be managed and treated.

• Chemical packaging including soft packaging, metal containers, plastic chemical containers from the storage area, using chemicals of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited.

• Rigid packaging from other materials and chemically contaminated waste from SGS laboratories.

• Absorbent, filter material, rags contaminated with hazardous components (oil-soaked rags, filter membranes), oil-contaminated soil These types of waste are mainly generated from maintenance and repair activities of engines and equipment at the workshop of Thinh Cuong mining contractor, Licogi 13, and the maintenance workshop of Nui Phao Mining Company Limited.

• Waste oil, lubricants, other waste oils, and oil-contaminated wastewater are arising from the machinery and equipment maintenance activities in Nui PhaoMining Company Limited.

• Waste wood contaminated with hazardous ingredients arising from the Company's chemical storage and use area.

• Other solvents and mixtures of waste solvents from ore processing plants.

• Toner cartridges, batteries, accumulators, fluorescent lamps are discharged from office and maintenance areas.

• Medical waste from the Company's medical room

• Waste rock during blasting and mining after surveying and analyzing with high sulfide content with the potential for acid generation (including saprolite at depths below 40m and containing sporadic amounts of sulfide contamination – content from 0.3% or more)

3.7.3 Effectiveness in solid waste management of Nui

The mining pit area has an area of about 93 hectares (including the road area), including two main parts: the eastern pit and the western pit; the eastern hole is exploited before the west pit, mining and development activities moong is conducted all year round, 24 hours a day, 07 days a week, except for the unexpected suspension due to extreme weather phenomena.

The soil and rock disposal area consist of two landfills, one located north of the mining pit and one in the south The northern landfill has an area of 60ha, a storage capacity of 77 million tons, and the elevation at the end of dumping is cos+195m; The southern landfill has an area of 21.5 hectares, a storage capacity of15.6 million m3, and an elevation at the end of dumping is cos +130 m.

Waste rock in the mining process (soil and rock in the cover layer including saprolite, laterite, and components with a lot of calcium silicate, granite; Waste rock with no potential for acid formation (non-PAG)): used for spreading transportation routes to factories and waste storage areas; Or build waste rock storage areas; Excess waste rock will be dumped on the downstream surface of the dam and stored in the waste rock storage area around the pit and around the landfill to serve the construction of the dam for other works of the mine. Low sulfide waste rock (usually calcium silicate rock and granite with sulfide content less than 0.3 %): will be used for construction or disposal in the waste rock storage area.

OTC Lake: The tail of oxide ore during production and processing in the form of sludge will be pumped through the HDPE pipeline to the OTC lake. The oxide tailings (slurry), assessed as incapable of forming acidic conditions, will be pumped from the processing plant (after the fluoridation cycle) to the OTC lake through the HDPE pipe system The water in the ore tail stream accounts for about 30% What will pump part of the water in the OTC lake back to the processing plant for production The water that does not need to be recirculated to the processing plant will be pumped to the wastewater treatment station with an average flow rate of about 229 m3 / hour (from June

Ordinary industrial solids that need to be treated are stored in 1m3 containers located in the generation area around the factory area After that, what will transfer it to Phu Ha Environment Co., Ltd and Viet Xuan Environment JointStock Company to handle according to regulations.

What can recycle ordinary industrial solid wastes in movable containers with orange wheels, labeled with a capacity of 240 liters, or in containers of 1m3 located at gathering points near the place of generation From arising points, scrap is collected to the typical yard in the factory area, then transferred to Long Nhat Trading and Development Co., Ltd for recycling according to regulations. Domestic solid waste

Domestic solid waste arises from the daily activities of officials, employees, contractors operating within the Company's scope Sources occur, such as office area, warehouse area, repair, and maintenance workshop area.

Research Content