Evaluation of the efficiency of the liquid waste treatment system in thai nguyen tuberculosis and lung disease hospital

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY LO THI NGUYEN EVALUATION OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT SYSTEM IN THAI NGUYEN TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE HOSPITAL BACHELOR THESIS Study Mode : Full-time Major : Environmental Science And Management Faculty : Advanced Education Program Office Batch : 2014 - 2018 Thai Nguyen, 25 September 2018 Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry Degree Program Bachelor of Environmental Science and Management Student name LO THI NGUYEN Student ID DTN1454290025 Evaluation of the efficiency of the liquid waste treatment Thesis title system in Thai Nguyen Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital Supervisors Assoc Prof Tran Van Dien Supervisor’s signature (s) Abstract: This research has opened a new direction in the selection and application of hospital waste treatment technology to suit Vietnam's conditions at low cost IET is a technology for treating waste water by means of biological drip refining improved natural gas level Drip filter is a biological filter with non-submerged contact material Wastewater is divided into small membranes that flow through biological buffer and by microorganisms that decompose aerobically on the membrane where the toxic i substances in waste water are removed Waste water after treatment will be removed from the sludge in the installation tank; Then disinfected with sodium hypochlorite (electrochemical method) Sodium hypochlorite disinfectant is prepared from saline Based on the test results of the authorities, the quality of wastewater after treatment via IET system has reached National Technical Regulation on Medical Wastewater 28: 2010 / MONRE The highlight of IET technology is the use of bioremediation in natural gas-filled turrets, so users not have to pump as much air as other technologies before They often cause noise, and can spread pathogens to the environment System equipment and materials are manufactured in the country, so maintenance or replacement of details as needed should be made in a convenient way; Low investment and operating costs due to not having air blowers and circulating mud pumps as other technologies; Natural gas self-suction system from the bottom of the tower, so even if the power outage system is not affected; The water filter in the tower is small so it can be placed on the tank so it does not take up much space for the system Due to the modular technology, it is easy to expand the capacity when needed The wastewater after treatment with the drip filter will also be removed from the sludge in the Lamell sedimentation tank Sludge is treated in anaerobic digestion tank The process of sterilization is finished Keywords: Waster treatment, Wastewater, Drip filter, Bio-aerobic, Biological Oxygen Demand Page numbers: 64 pages Date of submission September 25 , 2018 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT After months went to internship and time to finish the graduation thesis, althought I got many trouble, difficult and obstacles, but with the support and encouragement from my family, teachers and friends it hepl me to overcome all the complete to finish this thesis First of all, I would like to thank my parents for being a strong supporter of mine throughout the course and thank for give me opportunity to study Thanks for the help of Associate Professor Tran Van Dien has led the way, guided me in the direction of research, comments the thesis to make it more scientific and more professional Also thank the good feelings that he has for me Really special thanks go to Ph.D Ngo Thu Tien, Deputy Director of Hospital helped and facilitated me throughout the course of the research Thanks also to Teachers of Advanced Education Program who have devotedly taught me the knowledge and support me during the long learning Special thanks for my classmate K46-N02 has joined with me over a long way of learning Finally, I would like to wish you good health, happiness and success in your teaching path Thai Nguyen, 30 June,2018 Student Lo Thi Nguyen iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .iii LIST OF CONTENTS .iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLE .viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ix PART I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Research rationale 1.2 Research’s objectives 1.3 Research questions and hypotheses 1.3.1 Research questions 1.3.2 Hypotheses 1.4 Limitations .3 1.5 Definitions .3 PART II LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Overview of hospital wastewater 2.1.1 General concept of hospital wastewater 2.1.2 The origin of hospital wastewater .5 2.1.2.1 Wastewater from medical examination and treatment 2.1.2.2 Wastewater from hospital activities .7 2.1.2.3 Wastewater is runoff water .9 2.1.2.4 Wastewater from other auxiliary works .9 2.1.3 Characteristics of hospital wastewater iv 2.1.4 Impact of hospital wastewater on people and the environment 11 2.1.5 Impact on the environment 12 2.2 Situation of management and treatment of hospital wastewater in Vietnam and in the World 12 2.2.1 In the world .12 2.2.2 In Vietnam 17 PART III RESEARCH METHODS 19 3.1 Time and research scope 19 3.2 Research contents: .19 3.3 Research methodology 19 3.3.1 Collecting primary information .19 3.3.2 Method of collecting secondary information 20 3.3.3 Analytical methods 20 3.3.4 Data processing methods 20 PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 21 4.1 Liquid waste sources 21 4.2 Flow and composition 21 4.3 Waste water treatment system 23 4.3.1 Principles of hospital wastewater treatment system by biological drip filter .23 4.3.2 Operation mode 29 4.3.3 Status of surface water environment .33 4.3.4 Status of groundwater environment .34 4.4 Discussions 35 v 4.4.1 Treatment measures 35 4.4.2 Treatment of hospital wastewater (domestic wastewater, medical wastewater from departments) .36 4.5 Evaluation of environmental staff, patient and patient's family on waste management and treatment of hospital .41 4.5.1 Evaluation of environmental staff 41 4.5.2 Evaluation of patients and family members 42 PART V CONCLUSIONS 44 REFERENCE .45 APPENDICES 47 vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure Source of Hospital wastewater .6 Figure 2 Waste water treatment methods by ozone 15 Figure Diagram for treatment of hospital wastewater in the current situation in Vietnam 18 Figure Map of rainwater collection system and hospital waste water 22 Figure Biology Lake .23 Figure Diagram of the hospital wastewater treatment system .23 Figure 4 Diagram of technology for wastewater treatment in Thai Nguyen Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital 24 Figure Wastewater treatment system in Thai Nguyen Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital 25 Figure Hole - SCR 25 Figure Storage Tank 26 Figure Slurry tank - settling 27 Figure Bio-aerobic treatment tank 27 Figure 10 Secondary sedimentation tank 28 Figure 11 Disinfection tank .28 Figure 12 Sludge decomposition tank 29 Figure 13 Diagram of rain drainage, hospital wastewater 36 Figure 14 Diagram of the operating principle of the system 38 vii LIST OF TABLE Table Waste water at hospitals Table 2.2 Characterized components of hospital wastewater 10 Table 4.1 Results of measurement and analysis of hospital wastewater quality 31 Table 4.2 Results of measurement and analysis of surface water quality of wastewater 33 Table 4.3 Measurement and analysis results of underground water quality in the project area .34 Table 4 Results of the Patients and Family Patients Survey on Management and Treatment of Wastewater at Thai Nguyen Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Hospital 42 viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS MPN Most Probable Number COD Chemical Oxygen Demand BOD Biological Oxygen Demand BOD5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment UNDP United Nations Development Programme ASBC American Standard Building Code IET Industrial Engineering Technology MBR Membrane Bio - Reactor NTROMW National Technical Regulation on Medical Wastewater NTROSWQ National Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality NTROUWQ National Technical Regulation on Underground Water Quality WW Waste water SS Suspended Solid ix