51.3.1Square potato cutter Semi – automatic potato cutting machine.. To reinforce and complement this knowledge while putting it into practical application, we undertook a graduation pro
INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT
Actual situation and Problem solving
- In today's digital age, the consumption of fast food has become exceedingly prevalent Among these options, French fries stand out as an indispensable dish when discussing fast food choices
- French fries reign as the most popular dish crafted from potatoes They are commonly served both as standalone snacks and as accompaniments to various meals The meticulous preparation of French fries entails the intricate process of slicing potatoes into rectangular-shaped sticks before frying
- If done manually, this task demands a significant amount of human effort and time Even when using a semi-automatic machine, it still requires human strength to operate the lever for each potato being cut Given the substantial quantity of fries needed in restaurants, food outlets, large-scale kitchens, etc., we require a mechanism that minimizes human effort, delivers consistent output on demand, and is exceedingly user-friendly
- That is why we conceived the idea of creating an automated potato chip cutting machine Employing such a cutting machine will not only save time but also enhance productivity significantly when compared to conventional manual methods
- The group proposed the design and production of an automatic potato cutting machine capable of replacing the manual task of cutting and slicing potatoes into consistent shapes without necessitating excessive effort, unlike conventional manual processing
- The machine operates using standard household electricity, boasting ease of assembly and convenient mobility for users
- Furthermore, our aim is to optimize costs to align with consumer needs, ensuring affordability, while also minimizing repair and maintenance expenses
Potential customers
- The machine finds utility in various settings, including restaurants and resort hotels catering to international guests, fast food establishments offering a range of snacks, as well as food processing factories and households Its value proposition extends across these diverse customer segments.
Similar product
1.3.1 Square potato cutter (Semi – automatic potato cutting machine)
- Cutting method: Translation and hamade
- Comment: The machine can cut vegetables and fruits with low productivity The multi-purpose blade can cut a variety of objects However, it requires human effort to operate the machine, so it is suitable for small households
- Cutting method: Translation and hamade
- Comment: Stainless steel materials look more solid The horizontal movement mechanism makes operation simple, and productivity is improved However, productivity is still quite low because it still uses manual labor The blade is also made from stainless steel, sharp, sturdy, and hygienic
Figure 1.4 Horizontal potato cutter (Version 2)
- Cutting method: Translation and hamade
- Comment: Like the product in the first version Improved anti-slip base and longer handle to use less force
Figure 1.5 Automatic potato cutting machine
- Cutting method: Translation and Automatic
- Comment: The machine operates based on electrical energy, through the motor converting the rotary mechanism to a reciprocating mechanism that pushes the object to the cutting edge Great productivity leads to guaranteed and better working quality, no longer using human strength to operate the cutting motion
- The material is sturdy and sturdy, the parts in contact with food are made entirely from stainless steel to ensure hygiene
- However, the size is large, and the price is also quite high, suitable for restaurants and food production facilities
Figure 1.6 Automatic potato cutting machine (220V – 3A – 370W )
- Cutting method: Translation andu Automatic
- Comment: The 3A370W sweet potato frying machine is equipped with 3 sharp stainless-steel knives, which can slice high-hardness fruits and vegetables such as sweet potatoes, kohlrabi, and carrots The 3 knife molds have cutting eyes of 6 x 6mm, 9 x 9mm and 13 x 13mm, respectively, helping users flexibly adjust the size of vegetables that need to be cut
- The 3A370W sweet potato cutting machine is very simple to use, with 2 cutting modes: automatic or manual control The maximum material size is 80x80mm For some hard tubers, cut into 40-50mm short pieces, using a 13x13mm mold
- The 3A370W sweet potato cutting machine has strong pressure and sharp cutting blades so the fruits and vegetables are not crushed or broken after cutting Corresponding to each knife mold, users will receive products of uniform size,
9 beautiful, high quality, with a productivity of 300 - 500kg/hour, saving maximum time and effort in preliminary processing
- Besides the automatic sweet potato and square potato cutting machine, 3A also introduced and brought a semi-automatic potato cutting machine with an extremely compact design, with a productivity of 80 - 100kg/hour suitable for those who Individuals who are selling snacks such as sweet potato shakes, kfc potatoes, dried vegetable processing establishments, collective kitchens…
Review and evaluation
- In general, all the above-mentioned machines can fulfill the requirements of cutting and slicing old vegetables and fruits In addition, there are machines that are versatile in cutting materials and can cut many types of old vegetables and fruits Materials from high-cost machines are also of better quality, ensuring food hygiene and safety as well as market aesthetics
- At the same time, the individual group asks for permission to have some individual assessments of the pros and cons to use as a premise to develop the product in the most optimal and appropriate direction
+ Diverse design can perform the task of slicing potatoes
+ Materials are also diverse, especially in high-priced machines, the better the material
+ There are some machines that can diversify cutting objects such as fruits and vegetables
+ In semi-automatic or automatic, humans also need to perform some operations to put fuel into the machine
+ The size of some automatic equipment can be oversized, while the price is quite high for small businesses.
Development
- The project development direction will be based on the previous foundations, improving, and optimizing the products to suit market requirements (Product improvement)
+ The above machine is almost finished very well
+ Focus on solving the problem of automatic fuel billet feeding
+ Optimize structure and motivation to increase productivity
+ Reduce design details to save costs
SYSTEM DESIGNS
Mechanical system
+ After being peeled and washed, the vegetables will be dried and poured into the embryo feeder for cutting
+ Fixed blade The reciprocating mechanism makes the connecting rod move + This movement is transmitted to the knife and helps the cutting board push the ingredients forward to the blade and cut them
- Using Solidworks software to design the overview
- Model in three-dimensional space
- After designing the overview, we proceed to design each detail
- After designing the overview, we proceed to design each detail
Electronic systems
+ To achieve yield, you need to cut: 350 - 400 tubers
+ The cycle of cutting 1 fruit takes: 10.2 seconds
+ Length of lead screw: Lb = 1000 mm
+ Lead screw slider: Pb = 10 mm
- Moment of the moving mechanism system:
- Preliminary requirements to choose an engine:
+ Engine speed (600r/min), Operating moment 0.135 (Nm), Moment of inertia 4.3 × 10 −4 (𝑘𝑔𝑚 2 )
+ Moment of the moving mechanism system: 1.5 x Tl
+ Turn on/off DC motor
+ Continue using Proteus software to conduct PCB design
+ Proteus software will simulate and show 3D images of the circuit, based on which we can arrange components in convenient locations for external wiring
Control systems
#define LCD_ENABLE_PIN PIN_C5
#define LCD_RS_PIN PIN_D3
#define LCD_RW_PIN PIN_C4
#define BT_START PIN_B4 while(TRUE) { while (option == 0) { lcd_putc('\f'); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); lcd_putc("HAND CONTROL"); delay_ms(500); control_motor_manual (); if(!input(BT_STOP)) { delay_ms(20); motor_stop();
#define motor2 PIN_C2 void control_motor_manual (); void motor_R(); void motor_L(); void motor_stop(); void reset_dc();
#INT_EXT void external_interrupts(void)
{ delay_ms(20); option ++; if(option == 2)
{ set_tris_a(0XFF); set_tris_b(0xFF); set_tris_c(0); set_tris_d(0); set_tris_e(0xF); port_b_pullups(1); output_low(LED1);
} } while (option == 1) { lcd_putc('\f'); lcd_gotoxy(1,1); lcd_putc("AUTOMATIC"); delay_ms(500); output_high(LED3); if(!input(CTHT1)){ delay_ms(20); motor_L();
} else if(!input(CTHT2)){ delay_ms(20); motor_R();
} else if(!input(BT_STOP)) { delay_ms(20); motor_stop();
} } } } //====CHUONG TRINH CON====== void control_motor_manual ()
{ if(!input(BT_TIEN)) { delay_ms(20); motor_R();
} else if (!input(BT_LUI))
22 output_low(LED2); output_low(LED3); enable_interrupts(INT_EXT); enable_interrupts(GLOBAL); ext_int_edge(H_TO_L); setup_timer_2(T2_div_by_4,250,1); setup_ccp1(ccp_pwm); setup_ccp2(ccp_pwm); delay_ms(50); lcd_init(); // khoi tao lcd lcd_gotoxy(1,1); lcd_putc(" CONG TAI "); delay_ms(500); lcd_gotoxy(1,2); lcd_putc(" ANH DUC "); delay_ms(500);
} } void motor_R() { output_high(LED1); output_low(LED2); for(int i = 0; i < 250; i++) { set_pwm1_duty(i); set_pwm2_duty(0); delay_ms(10);
} } void motor_L() { output_high(LED2); output_low(LED1); for(int i = 0; i < 250; i++) { set_pwm1_duty(0); set_pwm2_duty(i); delay_ms(10);
} } void motor_stop() { output_low(LED1); output_low(LED2); set_pwm1_duty(0); set_pwm2_duty(0); delay_ms(10);
- PIC16F877A is a 40 pin PIC Microcontroller and is used mostly in embedded projects and applications It has five ports starting from port A to port E It has three timers of which two are 8-bit timers and one is 16- bit timers It supports many communication protocols such as serial protocol, parallel protocol, I2C protocol The PIC16F877A supports both hardware pin interrupts and timer interrupts
- Function of pins of PIC16F877A
PIN 1: MCLR:The first pin is the master clear pin of this IC It resets the microcontroller and is active low, meaning that it should constantly be given a voltage of 5V and if 0 V are given then the controller is reset Resetting the controller will bring it back to the first line of the program that has been burned into the IC.A push button and a resistor is connected to the pin The pin is already being supplied by constant 5V When we want to reset the IC we just have to push the button which will bring the MCLR pin to 0 potential thereby resetting the controller
PIN 2: RA0/AN0:PORTA consists of 6 pins, from pin 2 to pin 7, all of these are bidirectional input/output pins Pin 2 is the first pin of this port This pin can also be used as an analog pin AN0 It is built in analog to digital converter
PIN 3: RA1/AN1:This can be the analog input 1
PIN 4: RA2/AN2/Vref- :It can also act as the analog input2 Or negative analog reference voltage can be given to it
PIN 5: RA3/AN3/Vref+:It can act as the analog input 3 Or can act as the analog positive reference voltage
PIN 6: RA0/T0CKI:To timer0 this pin can act as the clock input pin, the type of output is open drain
PIN 7: RA5/SS/AN4:This can be the analog input 4 There is synchronous serial port in the controller also and this pin can be used as the slave select for that port
PIN 8: RE0/RD/AN5: PORTE starts from pin 8 to pin 10 and this is also a bidirectional input output port It can be the analog input 5 or for parallel slave port it can act as a ‘read control’ pin which will be active low
PIN 9: RE1/WR/AN6: It can be the analog input 6 And for the parallel slave port it can act as the ‘write control’ which will be active low
PIN 10: RE2/CS/A7: It can be the analog input 7, or for the parallel slave port it can act as the ‘control select’ which will also be active low just like read and write control pins
PIN 11 and 32: VDD: These two pins are the positive supply for the input/output and logic pins Both of them should be connected to 5V
PIN 12 and 31: VSS: These pins are the ground reference for input/output and logic pins They should be connected to 0 potential
PIN 13: OSC1/CLKIN: This is the oscillator input or the external clock input pin
PIN 14: OSC2/CLKOUT: This is the oscillator output pin A crystal resonator is connected between pin 13 and 14 to provide external clock to the microcontroller ẳ of the frequency of OSC1 is outputted by OSC2 in case of RC mode This indicates the instruction cycle rate
PIN 15: RC0/T1OCO/T1CKI: PORTC consists of 8 pins It is also a bidirectional input output port Of them, pin 15 is the first It can be the clock input of timer 1 or the oscillator output of timer 2
PIN 16: RC1/T1OSI/CCP2: It can be the oscillator input of timer 1 or the capture 2 input/compare 2 output/ PWM 2 output
PIN 17: RC2/CCP1: It can be the capture 1 input/ compare 1 output/ PWM
PIN 18: RC3/SCK/SCL: It can be the output for SPI or I2C modes and can be the input/output for synchronous serial clock
PIN 23: RC4/SDI/SDA: It can be the SPI data in pin Or in I2C mode it can be data input/output pin
PIN 24: RC5/SDO: It can be the data out of SPI in the SPI mode
PIN 25: RC6/TX/CK: It can be the synchronous clock or USART
PIN 26: RC7/RX/DT: It can be the synchronous data pin or the USART receive pin
PIN 19,20,21,22,27,28,29,30: All of these pins belong to PORTD which is again a bidirectional input and output port When the microprocessor bus is to be interfaced, it can act as the parallel slave port
PIN 33-40: PORT B: All these pins belong to PORTB Out of which RB0 can be used as the external interrupt pin and RB6 and RB7 can be used as in- circuit debugger pins
LCD screen 1602 uses HD44780 driver, capable of displaying 2 lines with
16 characters each, the screen is durable, very popular, many sample codes and easier to use if it comes with an I2C relay circuit
• The distance between the two connector pins is 0.1 inch handy when connecting to the breadboard
• The names of the pins are written on the back of the LCD to support the connection and wiring
• With LED backlight, can use variable resistor or PWM to adjust the brightness to use less power
• Can be controlled with 6 signal wires
- L298N is a motor control module in DC vehicles and stepper motors The module has an L298 motor driver IC and a 5V 78M05 voltage regulator The L298N module can control up to 4 DC motors or 2 DC motors with direction and speed control capabilities
• Control chip: Pair of H-Bridge L298N
• Current sensor for each motor
• With heatsink for better performance
• There is a power-on LED indicator
SOFTWARE (GUI)
Solid-Works Software
- Solid-Works is a powerful 3D CAD design software developed by Dassault Systèmes Solid Works Corp It is widely used across various industries to design and simulate products from initial concepts to actual manufacturing
- Solid-works provides a range of tools and features to support the design process, including 3D modelling, technical drawing creation, physical simulation, and computational analysis This helps make product development more flexible and efficient Solid-works also has the capability to integrate with other software such as simulation software, design data management software, and CAD/CAM systems
- With its intuitive and user-friendly interface, SolidWorks has become an essential tool for engineers and designers worldwide to create breakthrough and advanced products
Proteus Software
- Using Proteus software to design circuits
+ Is software used to draw diagrams and simulate circuits in real time
+ Simulation allows human access at runtime, thus providing real-time simulation
+ Used to design PCB, it features a 3D view output view of PCB designed together with components
+ There are many types of component in its library It has sources, signal generators, measurement and analysis tool such as oscilloscopes, voltmeters, ammeters, probes for real-time monitoring of parameters of circuit, switches, displays, loads such as motors and lamps, discrete components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors
CCS Compiler software
+ CCS is a C language compiler for Microchip's PIC Microcontroller The program is the integration of 3 separate compilers for 3 different PIC series: - PCB for 12-bit PIC opcodes - PCM for 14-bit PIC opcodes - PCH for 16- and 18-bit PIC series All these 3 compilers are integrated into one program, including editor and compiler, CCS, the latest version is PCWH Compiler Ver 3.227 Like many other C compilers for PIC, CCS helps to users quickly grasp PIC microcontrollers and use PIC in projects Control programs will be executed quickly and efficiently through the use of high-level programming languages
EXPERIMENT AND RESULTS
Completion
- After planning and calculating the design The team has completed the machining and wiring of the product circuit
Testing and validation
- After installing and testing the product, the product worked
- First, the product meets the requirements of being able to operate the vegetable cutting extrusion mechanism This is also the initial goal of this project
- However, according to design calculations, it is not complete, some details have been omitted and replaced with other materials due to the ability and short implementation time
- Because we cannot include the video recording in the report, the team would like to summarize the machine's operation as follows:
- First, when starting up, the machine will default to manual control mode Users can switch to automatic mode with the push of a button The LCD screen will display which mode the machine is in
- In manual control mode, we will control with 2 forward and reverse buttons In automatic control mode, when switching to pressing the start button, the cylinder will automatically move forward and backward within its allowable limit, all we need to do is put the workpiece into the slide
- Everything stops working when we press the stop button
Evaluate
- Regarding the evaluation, to be honest, the product is not completely perfect There are still many errors due to manual processing and the design is not beautiful
- In terms of operation, it is not smooth and still makes noise
- The team personally felt the product also needed further testing and improvement
At the same time, some new functions are also added to fully meet user needs
- It is also necessary to invest in aesthetics as well as better materials so that product quality is better, more durable and does not have too many errors or damage
- Thus, the product can serve and meet the needs set out at the beginning That means being able to cut and slice vegetables and fruits automatically
- Able to sell in the market that the group initially targeted Small snack businesses, Western-style restaurants, and even food processing factories
- Besides the above problems, part of this project also helps us a lot in the learning process Team members now understand what a complete mechatronic system is Master the steps from design, mechanical calculations to electronic programming
- Acquire and learn more soft skills and communication skills
- Besides the product's contributions, however, through manufacturing and testing, the team has realized some rather inadequate issues that need to be modified and developed
- For example, the blade still must be replaced manually without adjusting the cutting angle or shape The same fuel billet must be added manually
- Therefore, in the future, if possible, the team will improve the above issues to help the product become perfect and meet all consumer needs.