Research, design and fabrication of automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine

Trang 1 FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING RESEARCH, DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC MACADAMIA NUTS SHELLING MACHINE Trang 2 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECH

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING CAPSTONE PROJECT ELECTRONICS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC MACADAMIA NUTS SHELLING MACHINE LECTURER: M.E DUONG THI VAN ANH STUDENT : LE QUOC BAO NGUYEN HUU DUC NGUYEN THIEN TAM SKL010950 Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING HCMC UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION ⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯ FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING - - GRADUATION THESIS TOPIC: “RESEARCH, DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC MACADAMIA NUTS SHELLING MACHINE” STUDENT STUDENT ID LE QUOC BAO 19143095 NGUYEN HUU DUC 19143088 NGUYEN THIEN TAM 19143017 ADVISOR: DUONG THI VAN ANH, M.E Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 i TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP HCM CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM KHOA CƠ KHÍ CHẾ TẠO MÁY Độc lập - Tự – Hạnh phúc Bộ môn: Công nghệ chế tạo máy NHIỆM VỤ ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP Học kỳ II/ năm học 2023 Giảng viên hướng dẫn: Sinh viên thực hiện: Lê Quốc Bảo MSSV: 19143095 Hệ đào tạo: CLV Nguyễn Hữu Đức MSSV: 19143088 Hệ đào tạo: CLV Nguyễn Thiện Tâm MSSV: 19143017 Hệ đào tạo: CLV Mã số đề tài: – Tên đề tài: Research, design and fabrication of automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine Các số liệu, tài liệu ban đầu: - Initial material: macadamia nuts have gone through the drying process (diameter 23- - 30mm) Estimated size 500x600x800 mm Estimated productivity: 80kg/h Nội dung đồ án: - Survey macadamia nuts consumption market Study the macadamia nuts production process Research, calculate, design the machine’s system Manufacture and assemble macadamia nuts shelling machine Simulate and test durability - Test operate and evaluate the final result Các sản phẩm dự kiến - The automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine’s model Processed macadamia nuts Written explanation Project’s summary i - 3D design and components documents - Video, Poster PowerPoint Ngày giao đồ án: 15/03/2023 Ngày nộp đồ án: 15/07/2023 Ngôn ngữ trình bày: Bản báo cáo: Tiếng Anh  Tiếng Việt  Trình bày bảo vệ: Tiếng Anh  Tiếng Việt  TRƯỞNG KHOA TRƯỞNG NGÀNH GIẢNG VIÊN HƯỚNG DẪN (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên) (Ký, ghi rõ họ tên)  Được phép bảo vệ (GVHD ký, ghi rõ họ tên) ii PLEDGE Project title: “ Reasearch, design and fabrication of automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine” Advisor: Duong Thi Van Anh, M.E  Student: Le Quoc Bao – Student ID: 19143095 - Phone: +(84) - 966389222 - Email: 19143095@student.hcmute.edu.vn  Student: Nguyen Huu Duc – Student ID: 19143088 - Phone: +(84) - 372239583 - Email: 19143088@student.hcmute.edu.vn  Student: Nguyen Thien Tam – Student ID: 19143017 - Phone: +(84) - 987921337 - Email: 19143017@student.hcmute.edu.vn - Graduation thesis submission date:15/07/2023 Pledge: “ We declare that all the information in the report is the result of our research and design process We did not copy anything without citing the source in the references section If there is any violation, we accept full responsibility.” Ho Chi Minh City, July 15𝑡ℎ ,2023 Sign iii ACKNOWLEGMENT First of all, we would like to express our gratitude to our advisor ME Duong Thi Van Anh for her guidance, support, and feedback throughout our research and dissertation writing When we faced challenges during the research process, our teacher didn’t hesitate to take the time to offer suggestions so that we could complete this project as effectively as possible We also would like to thank the lectures of Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, especially the teachers of the Faculty of High - Quality Training and Faculty of Mechanical Engineering for teaching and imparting knowledge, valuable experience for us during the past time We are additionally thankful to the CODIA company, especially Mr.Le Thanh Huy has supported factory with tools for assembling so that our team can complete the project in the best way Finally, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my parents and family members who have always supported and encouraged me to overcome all difficulties during all four years of university so that I could complete my studies good graduation thesis in this course Sincerely thank you! Le Quoc Bao Nguyen Huu Duc Nguyen Thien Tam iv ABSTRACT Nutritional nuts are an important part of the human diet Macadamia nuts are becoming increasingly popular because they contain many nutrients such as unsaturated fats and fiber, as well as other nutrients Important vitamins and minerals such as vitamins E, B1, magnesium, phosphorus and iron The market for macadamia nuts in Vietnam is also growing rapidly, thanks to the growth of the natural food processing industry and functional foods Macadamia nuts are widely used in the food industry to produce products such as confectionery, yogurt, ice cream, beverages, functional foods and beauty products, etc However, comes with these are challenges, especially in the production and processing of macadamia nuts such as the complicated processing and hard shelling of macadamia nuts The macadamia nut shell is very hard and difficult to separate Currently, most of the macadamia nuts sold on the market are separated by manual method, which not only takes a lot of time but also reduces productivity and product quality Understanding that situation, team came up with the idea of automatic macadamia nut separation process for small and medium-sized customers, in order to increase productivity compared to the manual process, ensure aesthetics as well as product quality During the implementation of the project, my team solved the following problems: - Market survey of macadamia nuts - Survey the processing of macadamia nuts and the economy that macadamia nuts bring - Conduct experiments on macadamia nuts - Learn some mechanism of particle separation From there, select the most appropriate technological process to separate the hard shell of macadamia nuts - Design and simulate the machine in software - Fabrication and assembly of mechanical and electrical systems of the machine - Experiment and evaluate the final results v CONTENTS Page NHIỆM VỤ ĐỒ ÁN TỐT NGHIỆP i PLEDGE iii ACKNOWLEGMENT iv ABSTRACT v CONTENTS vi LIST OF TABLES x LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1.Problems 1.2.The urgency of the topic 1.3.Scientific and practical significance of the topic 1.3.1.Scientific significance of the topic 1.3.2.Practical significance of the topic 1.4.Goal of the topic 1.5.Object and scope of the study 1.5.1.Object of the study 1.5.2.Scope of the study 1.6.Research methods 1.6.1 Survey method 1.6.2 Methodological basis 1.6.3 Synthetic analysis method 1.6.4 Finite element analysis and modeling method 1.6.5 Experimental method 1.7.Structure of the study CHAPTER 2: OVERVIEW 2.1 General introduction about macadamia nuts 2.1.1 Origin of macadamia trees 2.1.3.Products from macadamia nuts 2.2.1 Harvesting 2.2.2 Dehusking 10 vi 2.2.3 Sorting 10 2.2.4 Cleaning 10 2.2.5 Drying 11 2.2.6 Macadamia nuts shelling 13 2.2.7 Packing 13 2.3 Survey of input materials 14 2.3.1 Experiment to get data on the size of macadamia nuts 14 2.3.2 Experiment to get size data of macadamia nuts shell thickness 15 2.4.Published foreign and domestic research results 16 2.4.1.Published foreign domestic research results 16 2.4.2.Published domestic research results 18 2.5 Survey some macadamia nuts shelling machine on the market 20 2.5.1 Shelling macadamia nuts by manual method 20 2.5.2.Semi – automatic macadamia shelling machine 22 2.5.3 Automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine 24 2.6 Limitation of existing machine on the market 26 2.6.1 Limitations 26 2.6.2 Ways to solve the limitation 27 CHAPTER 3: THEORETICAL BASIS 28 3.1 General principle of macadamia nut shelling machine 28 3.2 Research about the feeding mechanisms used in machines on the market 28 3.3 Research mechanisms to synchronize with the feeding mechanism 32 3.4 Learn about finite element analysis method 33 CHAPTER 4: DIRECTION AND SOLUTIONS 34 4.1 Introduce about CODIA Industrial Solutions Co., Ltd 34 4.2 Design requirements 34 4.3 Design process of automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine 35 4.4 Design options 36 4.4.1 Option 36 4.4.2 Option 38 4.4 Analysis and selection of option 40 4.4.1 Feeding hopper 40 vii 4.4.2 Transmission parts 41 4.4.3 Fixed parts 43 4.4.4 Cutting parts 44 4.5 Selection of optimal plan 45 4.6 Implementation process: 45 CHAPTER 5: CALCULATION, DESIGN OF MECHANICAL ELEMENTS 47 5.1 Calculation, design of geneva mechanism 47 5.1.1 Calculate the force required for rotating drive wheel 51 5.1.2 Calculate the force required for rotating driven wheel 52 5.2 Caculation, design of slider-crank mechanism 54 5.2.1 Caculation, design of crankshaft 54 5.2.2 Calculation, design of conecting rod 55 5.2.3 Calculate the force required for slider – crank mechanism 57 5.3 Caculation, design of cutting parts 63 5.3.1 Choose hacksaw blade 63 5.3.2 Calculation of cutting force 64 5.4 Calculation, design of shaf 91 5.4.1 Material selection 91 5.4.2 Determineation of load acting on the object 65 5.4.3 Preliminary determination of shaft diameter 65 5.4.4 Determination of bearing distance and force points 91 5.4.5 Determination of the value and direction of forces 66 5.6.9 Examination of shaft for fatigue strength 74 5.4.7 Examination of shaft for static strength 79 5.4.8 Examination of feather key for strength 80 5.4.9 Calculation and selection of bearings 81 5.5 Caculation,design of belt drive 86 5.5.1 Choose belt type 86 5.5.2 Determine parameter of belt drive 86 5.5.3 Actual gear ratio 87 5.5.4 Calculation of preliminary center distance 87 5.5.5 Belt length 87 viii CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Control system circuit design: Figure 6.23: Control system circuit Figure 6.24: Realistic electrical enclosure - 124 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Working principle: - Close the CB to power the system - Press the Start button, Relay K is powered: + Close the normally open contacts K at line to maintain the circuit + Close the normally open contact K at line to Green light is on + Close the normally open contact K in the dynamic circuit to power the motors M1 and M2 to operate + At the same time, open the normally closed contact K at line 4, and the red light stops - Press stop push button, Relay K loses power: + Contacts return to their original state + Engine M1 and M2 stop working and at the same time Red light is on - Press the E-stop push button: stop powering the system 6.8 Finishing machine Figure 25: Design model in Inventor 2021 - 125 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Figure 6.26: Realistic machine finishing 6.9 Experimental running of automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine - Purpose: evaluate the realistic results of the machine compared to the original goal set out - Prepare: + Automatic macadamia nuts shelling machine + Dried macadamia nuts purchased in DakLak province Figure 6.27: Dried macadamia nuts - Operation: + Step 1: Inspect and clean parts before operation + Step 2: Running test + Step 3: Put the dried macadamia nuts in the hopper - 126 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT + Step 4: Turn on the machine operation switch + Step 5: Turn off - Conduct experiments: Table 6.3: Result statistic table of the 1st experiment (𝐧𝐝𝐜 =25rpm) No Number of Shelling macadamia nuts efficiency (%) Broken kernel Intact kernels Completion efficiency (%) efficiency (%) time (sec) 30 93,3% 14,3% 85,7% 14,4s 50 90% 17,8% 82,2% 24s 50 88% 20,5% 79,5% 26,4s 100 88% 17,1% 82,9% 43,2s 100 86% 17,6% 82,4% 41,8s With motor's rotational speed 25rpm, shelling efficiency is high, but intact kernels efficiency is not satisfactory Table 6.4: Result statistic table of the 2nd experiment (𝐧𝐝𝐜 =40rpm) No Number of Shelling macadamia nuts efficiency (%) Broken kernel efficiency (%) Intact kernels Completion efficiency (%) time (sec) 30 86,7% 7,7% 92,3% 9s 50 84% 14,3% 85,7% 15s 50 82% 17,1% 82,9% 16,5s 100 83% 14,5% 85,6%% 30s 100 81% 13,6% 86,4% 28,5s With motor's rotational speed of 40rpm, shelling efficiency meets the set requirements and broken kernel efficiency is low - 127 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Table 6.5: Result statistic table of the 3rd experiment (𝐧𝐝𝐜 =55rpm) No Number of Shelling macadamia nuts efficiency (%) Broken kernel efficiency (%) Intact kernels Completion efficiency (%) time (sec) 30 80% 8,3% 91,7% 6,6s 50 78% 12,8% 87,2% 11s 50 78% 10,3% 89,7% 11s 100 79% 12,6% 87,4% 20,9s 100 77% 10,4% 82,4% 22s With motor's rotational speed of 55rpm, broken kernel efficiency is low, but shelling efficiency as well as low, less than 80% - Comment: + With rotational speed of the motor, it directly affects the result of shelling efficiency and broken kernel efficiency The lower rotational speed, the higher shelling efficiency, but intact kernel efficiency decreases and vice versa + Based on result statistic table , experimental results show that with the rotational speed of motor, the best results can be obtained that can meet the requirements of the business according to the following results: • Rotational speed of the motor: 40 rpm • Shelling efficiency: 82,7% • Intact kernel efficiency: 84,2% - 128 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT + Images when operation machine and experimental results: Figure 6.28: Macadamia nuts fall in to holes on the feeding roller Figure 6.29: Macadamia nuts fall in to holes in the rod - 129 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Figure 6.30: Macadamia nuts cut by hacksaw blade - Experimental results: Figure 6.31: Macadamia nuts before and after cutting Figure 6.32: Sorting macadamia nuts after shelling Therein: Type A: Macadamia nuts are cut without breaking kernel Type B: macadamia nuts are cut breaking kernel Type C: Unshelled macadamia nuts - 130 - CHAPTER 6: FABRICATION AND EXPERIMENT Type D: Broken macadamia nuts - Conclusion: + Shelling efficiency: 82,7% > 80% => achieve the set goal (section 1.4.3) + Broken kernel efficiency:15,8% > 10% => failed to achieve the set goal (section 1.4.3) - Reasons: + Error in fabirication process + Because of different mechanical properties and sizes of macadamia nuts - Maintenance: + Periodic lubricate the transmission parts: once a week + Periodic replacement of saw blades as recommended by the manufacturer:every months + Regularly lubricate bearing: every weeks + Regularly clean the machine to ensure food safety for macadamia nuts - 131 - CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS Conclusion: - After the research period to carry out the graduation thesis with the topic "Research, design and manufacture automatic macadamia nuts separator", my team has learned a lot To actually survey the market, to experience in buying mechanical goods Team members have the opportunity to experience the idea of making an agricultural machine by themselves Makes my own process technology to manufacturing parts to ensure technical requirements With the guidance and enthusiastically support of advisor, along with our own efforts, we have completed the graduation project on time with the following results: + Survey macadamia nuts consumption market in domestic and foreign + Research method of shelling macadamia nuts on the market + Teamwork skills are enhanced + Understand steps up the design process for a particular machine + Enhance skills in using 3D and 2D design software: Inventer, Creo, Autocad,… + Proficient in the use of all types of machines: welding machines, drilling machines, milling machines, lathe, etc + Have opportunity to use CNC milling machines to process parts, programmed by myself + Apply learned projects to calculate, design: belt transmission, slider-crank mechanism, geneva mechanism, key, shaft, + Using learned knowledge combined with software to simulate strength + Design of controller system+ Successful design and fabrication of macadamia nuts shelling machine + Nut shelling efficiency more than 80% Future development: - Add stage of size classification of macadamia nuts at the first step to ensure the shelling performance of the machine - Create a taper between the holes of feeding roller to make it easier for the macadamia nuts to fall into the hole - Choose springs with suitable compression - 132 - APPENDIX I -I- CONFIRMATION OF THE BUSINESS - II - - III - REFERENCE Vietnamese: [1] Bộ Nông Nghiệp Phát triển nông thôn, Phát triển bền vững mắc ca giai đoạn 2021-2030, tầm nhìn đến năm 2050, Hà Nội 8/2021 [2] Châu Mạnh Lực – Lại Văn Phong, Trang bị công nghệ cấp phôi tự động, ĐH Bách Khoa Đà Nẵng, 2003 [3] Lại Khắc Liễm, Giáo trình học máy, NXB ĐHQG TP.HCM, 2013 [4] Vương Thành Tiên – Trương Quang Trường, Giáo trình Ngun lí máy, ĐH Nơng Lâm TP.HCM, 2012 [5] Lê Cung, Giáo trình Nguyên lí máy, ĐH Bách Khoa Đà Nẵng, 2007 [6] Trần Quốc Hùng, Giáo trình Dung sai – kỹ thuật đo, NXB ĐHQG TP.HCM, 2012 [7] Hoàng Tiến Đượng, Bài giảng nguyên lý cắt vật liệu gỗ, ĐH Lâm Nghiệp [8] Trịnh Chất – Lê Văn Uyển, Tính tốn hệ thống dẫn động khí tập một, NXB Giáo dục Việt Nam [9] Nguyễn Dỗn Ý, Giáo trình ma sát – mịn – bơi trơn, NXB Xây Dựng, Hà Nội 2005 [10] Nguyễn Đình Đức – Đào Như Mai, Sức bền vật liệu kết cấu, NXB Khoa học Kỹ thuật, Hà Nội 2011 [11] Hồ Viết Bình, Cơng nghệ chế tạo máy, NXB ĐHQH TP.HCM, 2008 [12] Cao Văn Vui, Phương pháp phân tích phần tử hữu hạn, NXB ĐHQG TP.HCM, 2022 English: [13] Engineering and Applied Science Research, Development of a semi-automatic macadamia cracking machine, Thailand, 2017 [14] E.Filemon, Dynamic analysis of geneva mechanism with special consideration to reverses of pins, Polytechnical University, Budapest 1960 Internet: [15] U.S.Department of Agriculture, FoodData Central, Available: https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/, accessed 20/04/2023 [16] Bazanland, Hạt mắc ca – Quy trình chế biến tiêu chuẩn chất lượng, Available: https://bazanland.com/hat-macca/say-kho-2/ , accessed 26/05/2023 - 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