Research, design and implementation of sandpaper cleaning machine in woodworking

Đồ án tốt nghiệp trong ngành Cơ điện tử liên quan đến việc nghiên cứu, thiết kế và chế tạo máy rửa giấy nhám bằng sóng siêu âm đã được thực hiện với mục tiêu cải thiện quá trình sản xuất và chất lượng sản phẩm trong ngành gỗ. Máy rửa giấy nhám này được thiết kế đặc biệt để áp dụng công nghệ sóng siêu âm, giúp loại bỏ hiệu quả bụi bẩn, tạp chất và các vết bám trên bề mặt giấy nhám. Sự kết hợp giữa cơ điện tử và công nghệ sóng siêu âm trong thiết kế máy giúp tối ưu hóa quy trình làm sạch và nâng cao hiệu suất làm việc của máy, đồng thời giảm thiểu tác động đến môi trường. Đồ án này đòi hỏi việc nghiên cứu sâu về cơ điện tử, sóng siêu âm và quy trình sản xuất giấy nhám. Quá trình chế tạo máy bao gồm việc lựa chọn các linh kiện chất lượng cao, thiết kế mạch điều khiển, cơ cấu hoạt động của máy và tích hợp hệ thống điều khiển tự động. Kết quả dự kiến của đồ án này là một máy rửa giấy nhám hoạt động hiệu quả, tiết kiệm năng lượng, và giảm thời gian sản xuất. Sự ứng dụng của sóng siêu âm trong quy trình rửa giấy nhám không chỉ cải thiện chất lượng sản phẩm cuối cùng mà còn tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho việc chế tạo hàng loạt trong ngành công nghiệp gỗ. Tóm lại, đồ án tốt nghiệp này tập trung vào việc ứng dụng công nghệ sóng siêu âm trong thiết kế và chế tạo máy rửa giấy nhám, mang lại sự cải tiến đáng kể cho quy trình sản xuất và chất lượng sản phẩm trong ngành gỗ.

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT RESEARCH, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SANDPAPER CLEANING MACHINE IN WOODWORKING Student name: Nguyen Tien Phuc 19146137 Huynh Trung Buu 19146109 Vo Dinh Nghi 19146097 Major: MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING Advisor: NGUYEN LE TUONG, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND EDUCATION FACULTY FOR HIGH QUALITY TRAINING GRADUATION PROJECT RESEARCH, DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SANDPAPER CLEANING MACHINE IN WOODWORKING Student name: Nguyen Tien Phuc 19146137 Huynh Trung Buu 19146109 Vo Dinh Nghi 19146097 Major: MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING Advisor: NGUYEN LE TUONG, PhD Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020 GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT Student name: _ Student ID: _ Student name: Student ID: _ Student name: Student ID: _ Major: Class: Advisor: Phone number: _ Date of assignment: _ Date of submission: _ Project title: _ Initial materials provided by the advisor: _ Content of the project: _ Final product: CHAIR OF THE PROGRAM ADVISOR (Sign with full name) (Sign with full name) i THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020 ADVISOR’S EVALUATION SHEET Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Major: Project title: Advisor: EVALUATION Content of the project: Strengths: Weaknesses: Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied) Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Mark:……………….(in words: ) Ho Chi Minh City, month day, year ADVISOR (Sign with full name) ii THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness -Ho Chi Minh City, January 20, 2020 PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Major: Project title: Name of Reviewer: EVALUATION Content and workload of the project Strengths: Weaknesses: Approval for oral defense? (Approved or denied) Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Mark:……………….(in words: ) Ho Chi Minh City, month day, year REVIEWER (Sign with full name) iii THE SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM Independence – Freedom– Happiness EVALUATION SHEET OF DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Student name: Student ID: Major: Project title: Name of Defense Committee Member: EVALUATION Content and workload of the project Strengths: Weaknesses: Overall evaluation: (Excellent, Good, Fair, Poor) Mark:……………….(in words: ) Ho Chi Minh City, month day, year COMMITTEE MEMBER (Sign with full name) iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Firstly, our group would like to express our deep gratitude to Ms Nguyen Le Tuong - the instructor of the Mechatronics Department at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education, and CODIA Industrial Solutions Company for their enthusiastic guidance and providing favorable conditions for us to complete this graduation project successfully Throughout the implementation of the graduation project, despite being busy with work, Ms Tuong has devoted a significant amount of time and effort to guiding us She provided valuable knowledge, materials, and resources when we started the project During the project execution, she always provided guidance, suggestions, and corrections, helping us promptly rectify any mistakes Our graduation project has been completed, thanks to the reminders, encouragement, guidance, and favorable support in terms of morale and research materials provided by CODIA Industrial Solutions Company However, due to limitations in our abilities, time constraints, and other objective reasons, errors are inevitable We sincerely hope to receive understanding and feedback from the department and fellow students We would like to thank our parents for their continuous financial support in implementing this project Once again, we would like to express our deep respect and profound gratitude to our esteemed professors in the faculty, the instructors in the department, especially to Ms Nguyen Le Tuong - our guiding teacher, CODIA Industrial Solutions Company, and our parents for their support in helping us successfully complete our graduation project Ho Chi Minh City, July 2023 Students i ABSTRACT Research, design and implementation of cleaning machine in woodworking to clean sandpaper using ultrasonic waves Woodworking industry nowadays use a lot of sandpapers in the process, which can cost the factories billions of dollars Despite several efforts in recycling the sandpapers, in today's industrial production, there is a growing need for flawless cleaning methods Production lines require a cleaning process that is quick, effective, and doesn't harm human health However, the current cleaning methods have drawbacks Mechanical methods can't clean sandpaper efficiently and chemical methods can damage products and struggle with removing stubborn dirt Therefore, there is a need for a suitable, fast, and hygienic cleaning method that also meets technical and cost requirements To address this, our team has studied ultrasonic wave theory and how to generate these waves We have successfully combined ultrasonic technology with the concept of reusing sandpaper used in woodworking factories by introducing the idea of cleaning the sandpapers with ultrasonic to achieve superior cleaning results Our basic model includes an STM32 microchip and a motor to control the machine, offering similar cleaning functions to existing products in the market while improving on some of their limitations With this novel approach, we aim to revolutionize the woodworking industry with reusable sandpapers, providing a reliable solution for efficiently cleaning intricate pieces and ensuring pristine final result without compromising on safety or effectiveness ii TABLE OF CONTENTS GRADUATION PROJECT ASSIGNMENT i PRE-DEFENSE EVALUATION SHEET iii EVALUATION SHEET OF iv DEFENSE COMMITTEE MEMBER iv TABLE OF CONTENTS iii CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW 1.1 Topic necessity: 1.2 Scientific purpose and practical significance of the topic: 1.3 Research objectives of the topic: 1.4 Subjects and scope of research: 1.4.1 Subjects of research: 1.4.2 Scope of research: 1.5 Research Methods: 1.6 Outline of the graduation thesis: CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASICS 2.1 The overview of wave: 2.1.1 Nature of Ultrasonic Waves: 2.1.2 Features of ultrasonic waves: 2.1.3 The units of wave: 2.2 Overview about sandpaper: 11 2.2.1 Grit of sandpaper: 11 2.2.2 Classification of sandpaper 12 2.2.3 Note when using sandpaper: 13 2.2.4 Application of sandpaper in woodworking: 13 2.3 Cleaning Technology: 15 2.3.1 Traditional Cleaning Technology: 15 2.3.2 Ultrasonic Cleaning Technology: 15 2.3.3 Principles of Cleaning using Ultrasonic Technology: 16 2.3.4 Cleaning Process using Ultrasonic Technology: 16 2.3.5 Advantages of Ultrasonic Cleaning Technology: 20 2.3 Factors Influencing the Ultrasonic Cleaning Process: 20 2.3.1 Relationship between Frequency and Bubble Size: 20 2.3.2 The Effect of Temperature: 22 iii 2.3.3 The Effect of Chemicals: 23 2.3.4 Cleaning Time Required: 24 2.3.5 Ultrasonic Power and Tank Volume: 24 2.3.6 Applications of ultrasound waves: 25 2.4 Roles and Classification of Transducers: 28 2.4.1 Piezoelectric Transducer: 29 2.4.2 Magnetostriction: 32 2.5 Microprocessor STM32: 32 2.6 Similar products on the market: 35 2.6.1 CO-Z Ultrasonic Cleaner: 35 2.6.2 VEVOR Ultrasonic Cleaner: 36 CHAPTER 3: DESIGN OPTIONS 38 3.1 Choose machine structure: 38 3.2 Choose transmission mechanism: 39 3.3 Choose material of frame: 41 3.4 Choose material of tank: 43 3.5 Sketch machine structure 44 CHAPTER 4: DESIGN OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM 45 4.1 Introduction: 45 4.2 Machine structure requirements: 45 4.3 Calculation and selection of components: 45 4.3.1 X axis guide mechanism: 45 4.3.2 Z axis guide mechanism: 56 4.4 Manufacture Parts: 57 CHAPTER 5: DESIGN OF ELECTRICAL AND CONTROL SYSTEM 61 5.1 System block diagram: 61 5.2 Calculation and Selection of Components: 61 5.2.1 Pump Motor and Water Level Sensor Selection: 62 5.2.2 Water Temperature Control System: 64 5.2.3 Designing an ultrasonic cleaning system: 83 5.2.4 Simulation of ultrasonic cleaning: 89 5.2.5 Calculation and Choose component for dry tank: 93 5.3 Voltage and current of components: 94 5.4 Construction of electrical cabinets: 98 iv Đồ án tốt nghiệp Figure 5.52 Actual circuit board 5.4.2 Manufacture of electrical cabinet: Figure 5.53 Overall of cabinet 5.5 Monitoring and Control Interface: 100 Đồ án tốt nghiệp To facilitate convenient monitoring and control, we have developed an application for overseeing and managing the system The application is written in C# and features a user interface as shown in the image below Figure 5.46 Application interface The application consists of three main parts: • Connection section • Parameter setup and basic control section • Monitoring section 5.5.1 Connection section: Connection section: This part of the application establishes a connection between the user’s computer and the sandpaper washing machine through UART communication To establish the connection, the user needs to enter the correct COM port and Baudrate, and then press the “Connect” button 101 Đồ án tốt nghiệp Figure 5.47 Connection 5.5.2 Parameter setup and basic control section: This section includes settings for temperature, Kp, Ki, Kd, set timer, Jog +, Jog-, and water pump Figure 5.48 Control interface Temperature setting and PID parameters: used to control the water temperature in the washing tank so that it responds as quickly and stably as possible Set timer: sets the desired time for the sandpaper washing system Jog +, Jog - : used to control the working arm to the desired position When in normal running mode, the machine will control it automatically Water pump: when the water pump button is pressed, water will be pumped into the washing tank When the water level reaches a sufficient level for sandpaper washing, the system will automatically turn off the water pump Run: when the temperature and water level are sufficient for sandpaper washing, the user presses the "Run" button to start the washing process 102 Đồ án tốt nghiệp 5.5.3 System monitoring section: Figure 5.49 Monitoring interface Water level monitoring: At the beginning, when the washing tank has no water, the interface will display the water level in red When the washing tank has enough water for the washing process, the interface will display the water level in green Temperature monitoring: It shows the temperature in numerical form and also through a chart to allow users to easily track the temperature 103 Đồ án tốt nghiệp CHAPTER 6: EXPERIMENT RESULTS/ FINDINGS AND ANALYSIS 6.1 Establish Target Specifications: 6.1.1 Qualitative Statements: It needs to be high durability The surface of the sandpaper must still be clean The surface of the sandpaper must still be usable It needs to be high power It is easy to product It has reasonable price 6.1.2 List of metrics: Table 6.1 List of metrics Metric Need No No Metric Imp 2,3 Efficiency 2,3 Recycle 5 Total mass Price 1,5,6 Materials Time washing Dimension Units 104 Đồ án tốt nghiệp Table 6.2 Metrics and needs correlation Time Dim Effici Recyc Total Pric Mater Washi ensi ency le mass e ials ng on It needs to be high durability O The surface of the sandpaper must still be clean X The surface of the sandpaper must still be usable X It needs to be high power It is easy to product It has reasonable price X X S Á X A X S X X sX Where O: Indirect measure X: Direct measure 6.2 Experiments: To test the working range and reliability of the machine, we base on two actual test, known as Static test which estimates static parameter like dimension, total mass, stiffness, and other no-electricity parameters 6.2.1 Static tests: I use a straight steel ruler to measure the dimensions Using my eyes to read all measured value As for total mass, I measure each of part and esimate machine’s total mass 105 Đồ án tốt nghiệp Table 6.3 Dimension and measured value METRICS DESIGN VALUE ACTUAL VALUE LENGTH (mm) 1200 1195.3 WIDTH (mm) 800 799.3 HEIGHT (mm) 900 901.5 6.2.2 Dynamic tests: A Purpose: - Check the working ability of the machine - Consider machine vibration - Check the safety of the device B Set up experiment: - After putting the machine in the test position and making the electrical connection, check the safety, close the power supply and safely put the machine in 10 liters of water - Consider the structure of the washing machine when operating C Results and reviews: - Machine works stably without vibration during running time 6.2.3 Sandpaper evaluation criteria: A Cleaning solution test by temperature: The group sets its own criteria to evaluate the effectiveness of the machine: 80% cleaning capacity and the roughness of the surface is still usable Results of factors affecting the washing process: • Temperature • Solvent • Time Washing • Power Sandpaper evaluation criteria: - Frequency: 40kHz - Time Washing: minutes - Solven: dishwashing liquid 106 Đồ án tốt nghiệp Table 6.4 Result depend on Temperature No Temperature 27oC 40oC Result 107 Đồ án tốt nghiệp 50oC 80oC • Conclusion: Based on the results obtained, we can see that at unheated water temperature, the results are not good But when the water temperature is increased, the results are better B Cleaning solution test by solven: Condition cleaner: - Frequency: 40kHz 108 Đồ án tốt nghiệp - Time Washing: minutes - Temperature: 50oC Table 6.5 Result depend on Solvent No Solvent Water Dishwashing liquid Result • Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, we can see that in different environments, the results are quite similar But the performance is not very good So the above solvents are not suitable solvents C Cleaning solution test by power: 109 Đồ án tốt nghiệp We will in turn change the power of the machine by changing the number of transducers Condition cleaner: - Frequency: 40kHz - Time Washing: minutes - Temperature: 50oC Table 6.6 Result depend on Power No Number of Power Transducer 100W 200W Result 110 Đồ án tốt nghiệp 6.2.4 Surface of sandpaper test: A Purpose: Check the working surface of sandpaper test B Method: To test the surface of the sandpaper, the team decided to use the hand and eye method to assess the quality of the surface C Results and reviews: When touch it, I can see that the roughness of the surface does not change much Sanding ability is still relatively effective compared to the original 6.3 Comments: During the experiment, the parameters affecting the washing process can be changed easily and accurately We also found that the influence of temperature, solvent and power on washing However, determining the cleanliness parameter takes a long time, due to sensory evaluation, the evaluation level is only relative Limited equipment, so it cannot be evaluated according to the calculated level 111 Đồ án tốt nghiệp CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT 7.1 Conclusion: After spending time researching, researching and implementing the graduation project with the topic "Design and manufacture sandpaper washing machine in woodworking by ultrasonic wave technology", the group has designed a machine model with the results presented below: Figure 7.1 Compele model The achieved results are as follows: The model is designed, constructed, and completed with meticulous craftsmanship, where each detail is carefully processed and connected to form a solid unit, ensuring both sturdiness and aesthetic appeal - Stable control and monitoring - Meets the demand for automatic and precise operation - The sandpaper washing results are also relatively clean 7.2 Future Development: - Use large capacity thermistor for better temperature response time - Try adding other solvents to make the sandpaper cleaner 112 Đồ án tốt nghiệp - Do more research to speed up the sandpaper washing speed - Wireless monitoring and control 113 REFERENCE [1] Hà A 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