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Trang 1UNIT 5: RELATIVE CLAUSES Khóa học Toeic 450 +
Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương
A Relative Pronouns: People
who/ that whom/ who/ that/ Ø whose
(1) Subject
✓ He has three sisters They are teachers
=> He has three sisters who are teachers
✓ Leslie is the person She is in charge of shipments
=> Leslie is the person who is in charge of shipments
(2) Object
He is the applicant We interviewed him
=> He is the applicant whom/who/ that/ Ø we interviewed
(3) Possessive
He is an ambitious man His work performance outdoes others’
=> He is an ambitious man whose work performance outdoes others’
Ví dụ
1 The company will hire a person _ has previous experience in the industry
2 The consultant
Mr Kang has met before made suggestions about the contract
Trang 2B Relative Pronouns: things
which/ that which/ that/ Ø whose/ of which
(1) Subject
✓ Wayne read an article It was really unusual
=> Wayne read an article which I that was really unusual
✓ He has work It requires a lot of time and effort
=> He has work which/that requires a lot of time and effort
(2) Object
He got a job offer He wanted it so much
=> He got a job offer which/ that/ Ø he wanted so much
(3) Possessive
I bought a computer Its storage capacity has been recently upgraded
=> I bought a computer whose storage capacity has been recently upgraded
=> l bought a computer, the storage capacity of which has been recently upgraded
Ví dụ
1 We are offering a salary is highly competitive
2 Keith finally got the promotion he aimed for
C Other relative pronouns
Trang 3Relative Pronouns Function Example
where
(in/at which)
It is used to indicate places We could not afford such
a large house where we now live
when
(in/on which)
It is used to indicate the time
Do you remember the day when we first met?
why
(for which)
It is used to indicate reasons
Tell me the reason why you are so sad
Ví dụ
1 Companies should be aware of the local culture _ they promote their products
2 She remembered clearly that day _ she received excellent feedback from customers
D NOTES
1 Các trường hợp không dùng “that”
✓ Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định
Ex: Mrs Phuong, that has just bought a new car, is my teacher
✓ Sau giới từ
The man to that I talked yesterday is my friend’s father
Trang 42 Nếu trong MĐQH có giới từ => có thể đảo lên trước Đại Từ QH (whom hoặc which)
Ex:
➢ Doctor Robin, with whom we talked yesterday, is a very kind man
➢ This is the material from which our major product is made
3 Dùng “, which” để thay thế cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước nó
✓ He finished the report on time, which made his manager satisfied
✓ One of the members of sales department behaved impolitely, which made the customers angry
Ví dụ
1 He was late for work today, _ surprised everyone
2 The office to _we will move this time is quite spacious
E Reduced Relative Clauses
1 Dùng Cụm V -ing
✓ Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động
✓ Cách rút gọn
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu và thêm đuôi – ing
✓ The man talking with Janet is my manager
✓ I was awakened by the sound of the snore coming from my husband
Trang 52 Dùng cụm PII
✓ Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động
✓ Cách rút gọn:
Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, chỉ để lại động từ ở dạng PII
✓ The report written by Mike is accurate
✓ The proposal revised by Phil was outstanding
3 Dùng cụm to V
✓ Dùng khi danh từ đứng trước có các từ bổ nghĩa như: ONLY, LAST, số thứ
tự như: FIRST, SECOND…
✓ So sánh hơn nhất
✓ He is the last man to leave the ship
✓ John is the youngest person to take part in the race
Ví dụ
1 Mrs Jane was the first person _ to work early today
2 The prices in the brochure are effective until further notice
F A complex relative pronoun introduces a noun clause or an adverbial clause of concession
Trang 6Complex relative pronoun Noun clause Adverbial clause of
concession
Whose/ whomever Anyone who/whom No matter who/ whom
Whichever Anything which No matter which
Whatever Anything which No matter what
Ví dụ
✓ Brochures should be sent to whoever participates in the meeting
✓ Whichever system has the lowest error rate will be selected
✓ Whatever your business needs, you can rely on our expertise
PRACTICE
1 The decision to raise subway fares drew criticism from many people _ ride
the trains
2 The project, offers the largest apartment complex, is expected to attract
potential homebuyers
3 Company cars are available to all individuals positions require them
to travel on a regular basis
4 Workshop participants may choose any seat in the auditorium except those in
the front row, are reserved for presenters
N
c ủa cái j
bất bình
N
chỉ có whose mới đi với N đó
thay cho seat
Trang 75 The original script is written by Julia _ latest works have been well
received by the public
6 wins the election must make the national economy get out of the
recession
7 You will receive a monthly newsletter _ you will find information on car safety and maintenance
8 The industry opened 10,000 more jobs _ increasing export forced
employers to hire more workers
9 If you visit our website, you will be able to download a program should solve this problem
10 Mr Simpson is an aggressive activist in Kim Greenpeace, previously worked for another nonprofit organization
11 Paul Allen will be sent to the Seattle branch he is scheduled to deliver a presentation on a new product model
12 applicants need is a willingness to collaborate with other people
ở trong thư đó
những j mà ứng viên cần là
Trang 813 _ way you look at, nuclear power is the key energy of the future
14 We will continue to provide you with the high - quality programs and service you have become accustomed
15 Volunteers should keep in mind values of the charity event in they participate actively
16 You might want to consider a monthly pass, which you a parking space anytime, day or night
(C) guaranteeing (D) is guaranteed
17 You will get promoted to replace the current sales _, who is retiring next month
Question 18 - 20 refer to the following article
A warning of water contamination has been issued to residents in Ellensburg and travelers to the area Lead and rust have been found in the tap agricultural area _ crops are cultivated
18
(A) which
(B) that
Trang 9(C) where
(D) when
Tests by Environmental Protection Agency said that, by national standards, rates
of bacteria increase the region
The problem is probably due to animal wastes _ have contact with
reservoirs supplying the region with water
19
(A) whose
(B) whom
(C) what
(D) that
The local government is making efforts to _ this problem and restore a clean water supply to the area
20
(A) deal
(B) resolve
(C) interfere with
(D) deteriorate
However, they suggest that people buy mineral or bottled water for the time being