Báo cáo kết quả thí nghiệm lý thuyết mạch – et4020 bài 1 dc1 unit1 trainer familiarization

DC1-UNIT1 TRAINER FAMILIARIZATION

Unit Fundamentals

 1 1 Your circuit board is inserted into or removed from the base unit after the ZIF connector is: a Op ened b Clo sed c ope ned or closed, provided you apply sufficient force.

Exercise 1: Instrument Familiarization

 1 1 Typical analog and digital multimeters can measure: a Vo ltage b Cu rrent c Re sistance d All of the above

 1 1 Make sure of the following: DC Fundamentals circuit board is inserted into the base unit Base unit’s AC power cord is plugged in and the power switch is on Both LEDs, located above the control knobs of the negative and positive variable supplies, should be on.

 1 2 Turn on your multimeter Select the dc function If your meter does not have an autorange, use a range of 20V full scale or greater.

 1 3 Locate the SERIES CIRCUIT block Connect the red and black leads of your multimeter to the power source: red to the long line on the power source symbol and

Choose Answer: black to the bottom short line

 1 4 Your meter should read about 15 Vdc.

 1 5 Based on your meter indication, what is the polarity of your power supply voltage?

For an analog meter, base your answer on the connections For a digital meter, base your answer on whether or not a sign is displayed a Ne gative b Pos itive c Th e multimeter does not indicate a polarity.

 1 6 If you have a digital multimeter, reverse the multimeter test leads connected to your power supply Observe the multimeter reading and polarity indication NOTE: If you have an analog multimeter, reverse the meter test leads at the power source and also at the meter terminals Power Source – black to the long line on the power source symbol and red to the bottom short line Meter terminals – Red to the minus and black to the positive.

 1 7 Is the numerical value of your voltage reading on the multimeter affected by the test lead placement? a No, the placement of the multimeter test leads does not alter the voltage indication. b Ye s, the placement of the multimeter test leads alters the voltage indication.

 1 8 Is the polarity indication of your meter affected by the test lead placement? NOTE:

The analog meter does not show an obvious polarity change because you reverse the test leads at the meter terminals Without this change, the pointer would have “pegged” against the meter stop in a reverse direction This action indicates incorrect polarity in an analog meter. a No, a change in polarity is not detected. b Ye s, the negative (–) sign indicates that the multimeter polarity indication is affected by test lead placement.

 1 9 Should you be concerned with the exact polarity of a voltage reading before you connect your multimeter into the circuit?

Choose Answer: a No, expected polarity is not important because a multimeter always provides some form of polarity indication. b Ye s, it is best to know what your polarity should be before you connect your multimeter into the circuit.

1 This course of the FACET® system is made up of a: a bas e unit b bas e unit, DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board and a multimeter. c bas e unit and several circuit boards. d bas e unit and AC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) a mo dify existing circuits on the circuit board. e ins ert modified circuits on the circuit board. f con trol the application of variable power supply voltages. g pla ce loose components in the circuit.

3 When both LEDs on the base unit are on, it indicates that the: a po wer switch is on. h cir cuit board is inserted into the base unit. i bas

Choose Answer: e unit is connected to one of the computer serial ports. j AC power cord is plugged in and the power switch is on.

4 A dc power supply can be: a onl y positive. k onl y negative. l pos itive or negative depending on the common reference point. m a positive or negative supply as selected by the variable control.

5 The multimeter used with the FACET® program must be able to measure a ana log signals. n dig ital signals. o cur rent, resistance, and voltage. p ana log, digital, and autorange.

Exercise 2: FACET® Base Unit Familiarization

1.3.1 FACET® Base Unit Familiarization: Discussion

 1 1 One of the base unit LEDs is off (the other is on) This condition indicates: a the base unit’s power switch is off. b the circuit board is not inserted. c the wrong circuit board is inserted. d an

Choose Answer: overvoltage and/or short circuit condition on a circuit board.

 1 2 To insert your circuit board into the base unit, a ens ure that the ZIF connector is open and the power switch is off. b ens ure that the ZIF connector is closed. c use excessive force and don’t check the position of the ZIF connector.

 1 3 To remove your circuit board from the base unit, a ens ure that the power switch is off and the ZIF connector is open. b ens ure that the ZIF connector is closed. c use excessive force and don’t check the position of the ZIF connector.

 1 4 Proper electrical connections between the base unit and a circuit board require that the ZIF connector be a Op en. b Clo sed. c eit her open or closed.

1.3.2 FACET® Base Unit Familiarization: Procedure

 1 1 Locate the OHM’S LAW circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board Do not use a two-post connector to complete the circuit.

 1 2 Select the dc volts function on your multimeter, and connect test leads to the meter to measure voltage NOTE: Place the black test lead to the meter common terminal and place the red test lead to the meter volts (or Vdc) input terminal.

 1 3 Connect your multimeter across the variable power source Place the red test lead at the top and the black lead at the bottom NOTE: If your test leads have alligator

Choose Answer: connectors, insert a terminal post into the OHM’S LAW circuit block connectors and attach your alligator leads to the posts.

 1 4 Which variable power supply control(s) do you use to initially adjust the OHM’S

LAW circuit block voltage? a the positive FINE base unit control. b the positive COARSE and FINE base unit controls. c the negative FINE base unit control. d the negative COARSE and FINE base units controls.

 1 5 Use the positive COARSE and FINE controls to adjust the circuit voltage to 10.0

Vdc Note how the FINE control allows a precise voltage adjustment.

 1 6 Set the FINE control to its approximate midpoint Adjust the COARSE control for a voltage reading of about 5 Vdc Use the FINE control to set a precise circuit voltage of 5.00 Vdc (on an analog meter, ensure that your reading is about 5 Vdc).

 1 7 Which procedure allows you to set a circuit voltage precisely? a Fir st set the FINE control to the approximate voltage Then use the COARSE control to determine the precise circuit voltage. b Fir st set the COARSE control to the approximate voltage Then use the FINE control to determine the precise circuit voltage.

 1 8 Remove all circuit board connections.

1 To change the value of the positive power source in the OHM’S LAW circuit block from 6.00 Vdc to 6.08 Vdc, the a pos itive variable COARSE control is used. q pos itive variable COARSE and FINE controls are used. r pos itive variable FINE control is used.

Choose Answer: s pos itive power source cannot be changed.

2 The variable power source on the OHM’S LAW circuit block of the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board is controlled by the a pos itive supply controls. t pos ition of the ZIF connector. u neg ative supply controls. v by the resistor components R1 and R2.

3 To change the value of the positive power source in the OHM’S LAW circuit block from 2.0 Vdc to 8.47 Vdc, the a pos itive variable COARSE control is used. w pos itive variable COARSE and FINE controls are used. x pos itive variable FINE control is used. y pos itive source is variable only to 6.0 Vdc.

4 A circuit board is inserted into the base unit when the a bas e unit LEDs are on. z ZI

F connector is closed. aa ZI

F connector knob is rotated CW with the power switch off. bb ZI

F connector knob is rotated CCW.

5 The variable power sources in the OHM’S LAW and BATTERIES circuit blocks read approximately 0V and cannot be adjusted You find that the cause is the a ZI

F connector knob is in the CCW position. cc ZI

F connector knob is in the CW position. dd pos itive supply controls are in the CCW position. ee neg ative supply controls are in the CCW position.

Exercise 3: DC Board Familiarization

 1 1 Locate the SWITCHES circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit A two-post connector inserted at the S1 test points a co mpletes both the S1 and S2 switch circuits. b co mpletes only the S1 switch circuit. c doe s not complete any of the switch circuits.

 1 2 Which circuit block uses potentiometers (variable resistors) to explore linear and nonlinear relationships? a VO LTMETER/AMMETER/OHMMETER circuit block b PO WER circuit block c LI NEAR/NONLINEAR VARIABLE RESISTOR circuit block

 1 1 Locate the BATTERIES circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board.

 1 2 Press switch S2 Is a two-post connector required to connect cell V4 into the S2 circuit? a no b yes

 1 3 Connect the circuit shown Vary the positive variable power supply controls (on the Base Unit) fully CW, then CCW The two-post connector a co mpletes the LED circuit. b po wers the voltmeter. c bre aks the LED circuit.

 1 4 Monitor your voltmeter as you vary the positive variable supply controls (on the base unit) LED brightness varies from the yellow LED to the green LED as the supply control is varied Remove the two-post connector and repeat step 4.

 1 5 Based on your circuit observations, what is the relationship between the two-post connector, the circuit, and the meter? a Th e two-post connector supplies power to both LEDs and to the voltmeter. b Th e two-post connector must be removed to complete the circuit, but it has no effect on voltmeter operation. c Th e two-post connector completes the LED circuit, but it has no effect on voltmeter operation.

 1 6 Remove the volmeter leads from the circuit Set your multimeter to read current.

Use a current range of 200 milliamperes, or 200 mA (full scale)

 1 7 Connect your ammeter as shown Monitor your ammeter as you vary the positive supply controls NOTE: LEDs brightness should vary and the magnitude and polarity of the current reading changes If not, check your meter setup Ask your instructor for help if you are having problems.

 1 8 Your circuit does not use a two-post connector, yet the LED brightness and meter readings indicate a complete circuit Why? a Th

Choose Answer: e ammeter takes the place of a two-post connector and breaks the circuit. b Th e ammeter takes the place of a two-post connector and makes the circuit. c Th e circuit is made because the dashed line that is silk-screened on your circuit indicates a hardwired connection.

1 The diagram of each circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board is called a: a sy mbol ff sch ematic gg cir cuit sketch hh lin e drawing

2 The OHM’S LAW circuit block is used to a eva luate circuit quantities. ii me asure circuit voltages jj eva luate circuit operation. kk me asure circuit current.

3 The VOLTMETER/AMMETER/OHMMETER circuit block is used to a rep lace the multimeter with an analog meter. ll exp lore the concept of variable voltage sources.

Choose Answer: mm exp lore how a meter measures electronic quantities. nn me asure electronic quantities with a digital meter.

4 When you measure circuit current, the a mu ltimeter is placed across the component. oo cir cuit voltage flows through the multimeter. pp cir cuit can never be completely energized. qq cir cuit current flows through the multimeter.

5 In the FACET® program, current measurements will be mostly in what range? a am pere rr mil liampere ss mi croampere tt pic oampere

Unit Test

1 The FACET® base unit provides for protection against a overvoltage and power connection. b overvoltage, overcurrent, and reverse-power connection. c overcurrent and reverse-power connection. d overcurrent and power connection.

2 The parameters of circuit blocks can be altered by a inserting a fault via the base unit. b adjusting the variable power source. c inserting a circuit modification via the base unit. d inserting loose components into circuits at designated test points.

3 The DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board is properly connected to the base unit when the a ZIF connector knob is fully CCW. b ZIF connector knob is fully CW. c ±15 Vdc power source is connected to the base unit. d power supply LEDs are illuminated.

4 The multimeter dc voltage function is selected by the a range switch. b automatic voltage selection circuit. c VOLTMETER circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board. d person using the multimeter.

5 The variable power source in the OHM’S LAW circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board is adjusted by the a positive supply control on the base unit. b negative supply control on the base unit. c –15 Vdc control on the power supply. d +15 Vdc control on the power supply.

6 On the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board, test points separated by dashed lines are a used to measure voltage. b for inserting loose components. c used to energize the associated circuit. d for measuring the resistance of the circuit.

7 When measuring circuit current, the ammeter is connected a across the component. b to read a portion of the current. c so all circuit current flows through the ammeter. d parallel to the circuit to read all the circuit current.

8 The arrow through a battery symbol indicates a the direction of current flow. b the positive terminal. c the negative terminal. d a variable source output.

9 The symbol shown here represents a a zener diode. b light-emitting diode. c semiconductor diode. d olar cell.

10 The term milliampere is abbreviated a mA. b ma. c Ma. d mil.

DC1-UNIT2 SAFETY

Exercise 1: Basic Safety Rules

1 One cause of workplace accidents is a pro per use of tools. uu cle an work areas. vv bec oming distracted while working. ww we aring safety glasses.

2 When you follow safety rules, you will a be able to work independently xx fini sh a job quickly. yy eli minate all workplace hazards. zz pre vent injury or accidents.

3 When you need to use a power tool you should a bor row one from a fellow student.

Choose Answer: aaa get the instructor’s approval first. bbb use any tool that is not being used. ccc use the tool when the instructor is not present.

4 A student has cut his hand during the experiment The student should a con tinue working on the experiment. ddd cov er the cut and continue working. eee lea ve the room to get medical attention. fff rep ort the injury and get medical attention.

5 Safety rules are most effective a if you use them every time you work with equipment. ggg onl y when you notice some type of hazard is present. hhh wh en you work independently. iii onl y when you are working with electrical power equipment.

Exercise 2: Electrical Safety Rules

1 When a person comes into contact with an energized circuit, he or she may receive a an

Choose Answer: electrical short. jjj an electrical shock. kkk a burning sensation. lll a loss of conductivity.

2 You should always remove power cords from the socket by the plug to prevent a the wires from fraying. mmm the plug from cracking. nnn an electrical shock. ooo All of the above are correct.

3 You should never touch live wires with your bare hands because you a ma y break the wires. ppp ma y damage the circuit. qqq cou ld receive an electrical shock. rrr can lower the circuit resistance.

4 To be sure that power is removed from a circuit, you should a tur n the power switch to the off position. sss che ck the circuit with a meter. ttt hav e a friend check that the power switch is in the off position.

Choose Answer: uuu re move the circuit from the equipment.

5 Using PPE and insulated tools are important safety measures because they a re move all risk of electric shock. vvv inc rease the risk of electric shock. www sto p electricity from flowing through your body. xxx pro vide a barrier between you and live circuits.

Unit Test

1 One cause of workplace accidents is a proper use of tools. b clean work areas. c becoming distracted while working. d wearing safety glasses.

2 When you follow safety rules, you will a be able to work independently b finish a job quickly. c eliminate all workplace hazards. d prevent injury or accidents.

3 When you need to use a power tool you should a borrow one from a fellow student. b get the instructor’s approval first. c use any tool that is not being used. d use the tool when the instructor is not present.

4 A student has cut his hand during the experiment The student should a continue working on the experiment. b cover the cut and continue working. c leave the room to get medical attention. d report the injury and get medical attention.

5 Safety rules are most effective a if you use them every time you work with equipment. b only when you notice some type of hazard is present. c when you work independently. d only when you are working with electrical power equipment.

6 When a person comes into contact with an energized circuit, he or she may receive a an electrical short. b an electrical shock. c a burning sensation. d a loss of conductivity.

7 You should always remove power cords from the socket by the plug to prevent a the wires from fraying. b the plug from cracking. c an electrical shock. d All of the above are correct.

8 You should never touch live wires with your bare hands because you a may break the wires. b may damage the circuit. c could receive an electrical shock. d can lower the circuit resistance.

9 To be sure that power is removed from a circuit, you should a turn the power switch to the off position. b check the circuit with a meter. c have a friend check that the power switch is in the off position. d remove the circuit from the equipment.

10 Using PPE and insulated tools are important safety measures because they a remove all risk of electric shock. b increase the risk of electric shock. c stop electricity from flowing through your body. d provide a barrier between you and live circuits.

DC1-UNIT3 ELECTRONIC QUANTITIES

Unit Fundamentals

 1 1 An atom is made up of protons, electrons, and neutrons Protons and electrons posses a pos itive charges. b pos itive and negative charges, respectively. c neg ative charges.

Exercise 1: Circuit Voltages

 1 1 In this circuit, electron flow occurs because a the battery has a neutral charge. b unl ike charges attract each other. c unl ike charges repel each other.

 1 1 Locate the SERIES CIRCUIT circuit block, and connect the circuit shown.

 1 2 Refer to your SERIES CIRCUIT circuit block How should you connect your voltmeter to read the source voltage and indicate its correct polarity? a Co nnect the common side (-) of your meter to the negative terminal of the voltage source and the positive side (+) to the positive terminal of the voltage source. b Co nnect the common side (-) of your meter to the positive terminal of the voltage source and the positive side (+) to the negative terminal of the voltage source. c Co Choose Answer:

Choose Answer: nnect both meter terminals to the negative terminal of the voltage source.

 1 3 Connect your voltage meter across the voltage source of your circuit (SERIES

CIRCUIT circuit block) Based on your observation, your meter indicates a 0V (with a ± indication). b abo ut +15 Vdc. c abo ut -15 Vdc.

 1 4 Reverse the meter connections (black lead to the positive terminal of the voltage source) Based on your observation, your meter reads a 0V. b abo ut +15 Vdc c abo ut -15 Vdc.

 1 5 When a voltmeter is connected across a circuit component, reversing the meter leads affects a the voltage magnitude and polarity indication. b onl y the polarity indication (voltage magnitude does not change). c onl y the voltage magnitude (polarity indication does not change).

1 Voltage is a pot ential difference. yyy op position to current flow.

Choose Answer: zzz me asured with an ammeter. aaaa me asured with an ohmmeter.

2 Potential difference is measured with a(n) a am meter. bbbb oh mmeter. cccc vol tmeter. dddd pot ential meter.

3 An electron represents a the basic unit of a charge. eeee a negative charge. ffff a positive charge. gggg a difference in potential.

4 Electromotive force is a a negative charge. hhhh a positive charge. iiii zer o potential difference. jjjj pot ential difference.

5 A volt is a a cou lomb in motion. kkkk for ce used to move potential difference. llll for ce used to move one coulomb through a resistance of 1 Ohm mmmm co mbination of positive and negative charges.

Exercise 2: Circuit Current

 1 1 In this circuit, voltage and / or resistance change Circuit current a re mains constant. b is not affected. c mu st change.

 1 1 Locate the OHM’S LAW circuit block Connect a voltmeter across the variable voltage source.

 1 2 Adjust the positive variable supply controls (on the base unit) for a reading of about 0V The positive variable supply has FINE and COARSE adjustments The controls allow you to set exact voltage values between 0V and +10V.

 1 3 Remove the voltmeter from your circuit Select dc milliamps and a low value mA full scale range on your multimeter Connect the ammeter as shown in the circuit. Observe proper polarity for your meter connection.

 1 4 Your ammeter indicates a near zero current because a the ammeter opposes the flow of electrons.

Choose Answer: b cir cuit source voltage is near 0. c the circuit resistance opposes the flow of electrons.

 1 5 Adjust the positive supply controls until the ammeter reads 1.0 Does this reading indicate that circuit current is 1A or 1 mA? a 1A because current can be expressed only in amperes. b 1 mA because an ammeter set to read milliamps can only indicate 1 mA. c 1 mA because the ammeter is set to indicate milliamperes and the circuit current is 1 mA.

 1 6 Monitor the current in your circuit as you adjust the positive supply voltage controls from minimum to maximum.

 1 7 What is the relationship between the current in your circuit and the applied voltage? a Cu rrent is directly related to voltage. b Cu rrent is indirectly related to voltage. c Cu rrent and voltage are not related.

 1 8 In your circuit, electrons flow from a the negative battery terminal, through the load and meter, and into the positive battery terminal. b bot h battery terminals and are averaged within the meter. c the positive battery terminal, through the load and meter, and into the negative battery terminal.

1 An ampere is the unit of measurement for a Re sistance. nnnn ele ctron flow. oooo vol tage. pppp pot ential difference.

2 Electron flow moves from what terminal to what terminal of a power source in the external load? a neg ative, negative qqqq neg ative, positive rrrr pos itive, positive ssss pos itive, negative

3 Current flowing in a circuit is 0.01 amperes, which is expressed in scientific notation as a 10 x 10 3 A. tttt 1m A uuuu 1.0 x 10 -2 A vvvv 10 x 10A

4 A coulomb is the unit of measurement of a an electron. wwww a proton. xxxx cir cuit current. yyyy an electrical charge.

5 A reading of 8.55 mA is expressed in amperes as a 0.8 55A. zzzz 0.0 855A. aaaaa 0.0 0855A. bbbbb 0.000855A.

Exercise 3: Circuit Resistance

 1 1 In electric circuits, resistance controls the flow of electrons (current flow) An increase in the conductance of a circuit causes a an increase in circuit current. b no change in circuit current. c a decrease in circuit current.

 1 2 Based on the EIA color-coding system, a 1000Ω, 20% resistor has color bands of a bro wn, black, and yellow.

Choose Answer: b bro wn, black, and orange. c bro wn, black, and red.

 1 3 If the current through a resistor significantly increases, the resistor a gen erates more heat and its physical size should be increased. b gen erates more heat and its physical size should be decreased. c siz e has no effect on power dissipation.

 1 1 Locate the OHM’S LAW circuit block Using the EIA color code chart shown, what are the resistive values of R1and R2? NOTE: Remove all two-post connectors from the OHM’S LAW circuit. a R1

 1 2 Use your ohmmeter to verify the values of R1 and R2 Do your measured values agree with the color code values? a Ye s Measured and color-coded values are about the same. b No. The values do not agree because the ohmmeter cannot allow for component tolerance.

 1 3 Locate the POWER circuit block Based on the physical size, the resistor order with respect to power dissipation capability (from maximum to minimum) is NOTE: Do not energize your circuit block. a R4,

R1, and R2 or R3. b R1, R4, and R2 or R3. c R2 or R3, R4, and R1.

 1 4 Locate the LINEAR/NONLINEAR VARIABLE RESISTOR circuit block, and connect the circuit shown Do not energize your circuit block

Set your multimeter to measure resistance on a range higher than 2kΩ and connect it across R2 as shown Place S1 in position R2A.

 1 5 Monitor your ohmmeter as you vary the R2A control from the extreme CCW position to the extreme CW position Based on your observation a the ohmmeter can relate resistance variation to shaft rotation of R2A. b resi stance is fixed and does not change as the shaft of R2A is rotated. c resi stance of R2A decreases as the shaft is rotated in a CW direction.

 1 6 Remove the ohmmeter from your circuit Set the R2A control to its maximum CW position (maximum resistance)

 1 7 Connect the circuit shown by placing your ammeter in series between the power source and R1 Note the meter polarity (COM terminal of your meter at the R1 side of your circuit).

 1 8 Monitor the current of your circuit as you vary the resistance of R2A Based on your observation, circuit current increases as a the resistance of R2A increases. b the resistance of R2A decreases. c cir cuit conductance decreases.

1 One characteristic of resistance is that it a aids current flow in a circuit. b opposes current flow in a circuit. c is directly related to conductance. d is directly related to circuit current.

2 What should you use to determine the value of most fixed resistors? a the color-coded bands on the resistor b the value stamped on the resistor c the color code on each schematic d the size of the resistor

3 The tolerance of a resistor is determined by the a size of the resistor. b shape of the resistor. c color of the third band. d color of the fourth band.

4 A color-coded resistor with bands of yellow, violet, orange, and gold has a 5% tolerance and an ohmic value of a 470 Ohm b 4.7 kOhm c 47 kOhm d 470 kOhm

5 The tolerance range of a resistor having a color code of brown, black, red, and gold is from a 800 Ohm to 1200 Ohm b 900 Ohm to 1100 Ohm c 950 Ohm to 1050 Ohm d 990 Ohm to 1010 Ohm

Unit Test

1 A term used to describe opposition to current flow is a Current. b Power. c Resistance. d Voltage.

2 The opposite of resistance is a voltage b current c conductance d coulomb

3 Another term for electromotive force is a voltage b conductance c resistance d current

4 The unit of measurement of electron flow is a(n) a volt b ohm c siemen d ampere

5 Current flowing in a circuit is 0.015 A This value can also be expressed as a 1.5 mA b 15 mA c 150 mA d 10 x 15

6 The ability of a ẳ watt resistor to give off heat is related to its a resistance b tolerance c type of conductance d physical size

7 A color-coded resistor with bands of blue, gray, and black has a value of a 680 Ohm at ±1% b 68 Ohm at ±20% c 6.8 Ohm at ±5% d 0.68 Ohm at ±10%

8 A precision resistor marked 5 kOhm, ±1% can have a a minimum resistance of 495 Ohm b maximum resistance of 5000 Ohm c minimum resistance of 4950 Ohm d maximum resistance of 5010 Ohm

9 The property of conductance is the a opposition to current flow. b ease of voltage flow. c opposition to voltage flow. d ease of current flow.

10 The three important ratings all resistors have are a resistance, tolerance, and wattage. b size, shape, and wattage. c length, diameter, and ability to give off heat. d wattage, length, and voltage.

DC1-UNIT4 DC POWER SOURCES

Unit Fundamentals

 1 1 In the circuit shown, what is the effect of the series connection on individual voltage and current? a On ly the individual voltages are added. b Bot h voltage and current are added. c On ly the currents are added.

 1 2 In the circuit shown, what is the effect of the parallel connection on individual voltage and current? a On ly the individual voltages are added. b Bot h voltage and current are added. c On ly the currents are added.

Exercise 1: Series and Parallel Battery Circuits

4.2.1 Series and Parallel Battery Circuits: Discussion

 1 1 What is the load (total) voltage of the circuit shown below? a 3V b 1.5 V c 0V

 1 2 What is the total current capability of the parallel battery circuit shown below? a 2A b 1A

 1 3 What are the total voltage and total current capabilities of the series/parallel circuit shown below? a 6V and 1A b 3V and 2A c 3V and 3A

4.2.2 Series and Parallel Battery Circuits: Procedure

 1 1 Locate the BATTERIES circuit block on the DC FUNDAMENTALS circuit board.

 1 2 Measure the voltage value for V1 of your circuit.

V1 1 3 Measure the voltage value for V2 of your circuit.

V2 1 4 Based on the measured voltages of your circuit, what is the approximate total voltage of V1 and V2?

 1 5 On your circuit, measure the combined voltage of V1 and V2 (your multimeter should be placed across both V1 and V2) What does your measurement indicate about the circuit connection of V1 and V2? a V1

Choose Answer: and V2 are in parallel. b V1 and V2 form a series/parallel connection. c V1 and V2 are in series.

 1 6 Measure the voltage across V3 without the two-post connector in place.

 1 8 Use a two-post connector to connect V3 and V4 Measure the voltage across V3 and V4 Which statement is correct? a V3 and V4 are in series and the total voltage equals the voltage of either cell. b V3 and V4 form a series / parallel combination. c V3 and V4 are in parallel and the total voltage equals the voltage of either cell.

 1 9 Depress and release S1, then S2, and observe the circuit LED Why does S1 cause the LED to be brighter? a S1 is connected to a parallel battery circuit The voltage of each cell is added to provide more energy for the LED. b S1 is connected to a series battery circuit The voltage of each cell is added to provide more energy for the LED. c S2 is connected to a parallel battery circuit The voltage of each cell is added to provide less energy for the LED.

1 Cells are connected in series to a increase the voltage output. b decrease the voltage output. c increase the current capability.

Choose Answer: d decrease the current capability.

2 If each 1.5V cell in the circuit shown has a current capability of 0.5A, the total circuit voltage and current capability when S1 is closed is a 1.5V and 0.5A. b 1.5V and 1A. c 3V and 0.5A. d 3V and 1A.

3 If each 1.5V cell in the circuit shown has a current capability of 0.5A, the total circuit voltage and current with switch S2 closed is a 1.5V and 0.5A. b 1.5V and 1A. c 3V and 0.5A. d 3V and 1A.

4 Cells are connected in parallel to a increase the voltage output. b decrease the voltage output. c increase the current capability. d decrease the current capability.

5 A cell in a lead-acid battery, which is made of wet cells, has a voltage of a 1.25V. b 1.4V to 1.6V. c 1.5V to 2V. d 2V to 2.2V.

Exercise 2: Series-Opposing DC Sources

4.3.1 Series-Opposing DC Sources: Discussion

4.3.2 Series-Opposing DC Sources: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) b fffff ggggg

Unit Test

DC1-UNIT5 SWITCHES AND SWITCHING CONCEPTS

Exercise 1: Identify Types of Switches

5.2.1 Identify Types of Switches: Discussion

5.2.2 Identify Types of Switches: Procedure

Choose Answer: rrrrr sssss ttttt

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) c uuuuu vvvvv wwwww

Exercise 2: Switching Concepts

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) d jjjjjj kkkkkk

Unit Test

DC1-UNIT6 OHM’S LAW

Exercise 1: Ohm’s Law – Circuit Resistance

6.2.1 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Resistance: Discussion

6.2.2 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Resistance: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) e yyyyyy zzzzzz aaaaaaa

Exercise 2: Ohm’s Law – Circuit Current

6.3.1 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Current: Discussion

6.3.2 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Current: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) f nnnnnnn ooooooo ppppppp

Exercise 3: Ohm’s Law – Circuit Voltage

6.4.1 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Voltage: Discussion

6.4.2 Ohm’s Law – Circuit Voltage: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) g cccccccc dddddddd eeeeeeee

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT7 SERIES RESISTIVE CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Resistance in a Series Resistive Circuit

7.2.1 Resistance in a Series Resistive Circuit: Discussion

7.2.2 Resistance in a Series Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) h rrrrrrrr ssssssss tttttttt

Exercise 2: Current in a Series Resistive Circuit

7.3.1 Current in a Series Resistive Circuit: Discussion

7.3.2 Current in a Series Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) i ggggggggg hhhhhhhhh iiiiiiiii

Exercise 3: Voltage in a Series Resistive Circuit

7.4.1 Voltage in a Series Resistive Circuit: Discussion

7.4.2 Voltage in a Series Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) j vvvvvvvvv wwwwwwwww xxxxxxxxx

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT8 PARALLEL RESISTIVE CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Resistance in a Parallel Resistive Circuit

8.2.1 Resistance in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Discussion

8.2.2 Resistance in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) k kkkkkkkkkk llllllllll mmmmmmmmmm

Exercise 2: Voltage/Current in a Parallel Resistive Circuit

8.3.1 Voltage/Current in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Discussion

8.3.2 Voltage/Current in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) l zzzzzzzzzz aaaaaaaaaaa bbbbbbbbbbb

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT9 SERIES/PARALLEL RESISTIVE CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Resistance in a Series/Parallel Circuit

9.2.1 Resistance in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Discussion

9.2.2 Resistance in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) m ooooooooooo ppppppppppp qqqqqqqqqqq

Exercise 2: Voltage in a Series/Parallel Circuit

9.3.1 Voltage in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Discussion

9.3.2 Voltage in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) n dddddddddddd eeeeeeeeeeee ffffffffffff

Exercise 3: Current in a Series/Parallel Circuit

9.4.1 Current in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Discussion

9.4.2 Current in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) o ssssssssssss tttttttttttt uuuuuuuuuuuu

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT10 POWER IN DC CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Power in a Series Resistive Circuit

10.2.1 Power in a Series Resistive Circuit: Discussion

10.2.2 Power in a Series Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) p hhhhhhhhhhhhh iiiiiiiiiiiii jjjjjjjjjjjjj

Exercise 2: Power in a Parallel Resistive Circuit

10.3.1 Power in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Discussion

10.3.2 Power in a Parallel Resistive Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) q wwwwwwwwwwwww xxxxxxxxxxxxx yyyyyyyyyyyyy

Exercise 3: Power in a Series/Parallel Circuit

10.4.1 Power in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Discussion

10.4.2 Power in a Series/Parallel Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) r llllllllllllll mmmmmmmmmmmmmm nnnnnnnnnnnnnn

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT11 POTENTIOMETERS AND RHEOSTATS

Exercise 1: The Rheostat

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) s aaaaaaaaaaaaaaa bbbbbbbbbbbbbbb ccccccccccccccc

Exercise 2: The Potentiometer

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) t ppppppppppppppp qqqqqqqqqqqqqqq rrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT12 VOLTAGE AND CURRENT DIVIDER CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Voltage Dividers

Choose Answer: bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb cccccccccccccccc dddddddddddddddd

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) u eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ffffffffffffffff gggggggggggggggg

Exercise 2: Current Dividers

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) v tttttttttttttttt uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu

Exercise 3: Loading Voltage/Current Dividers

12.4.1 Loading Voltage/Current Dividers: Discussion

12.4.2 Loading Voltage/Current Dividers: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) w iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

Unit Test

DC1- UNIT13 DIRECT CURRENT METERS

Exercise 1: The DC Ammeter

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz

Exercise 2: The DC Ohmmeter

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) y mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm nnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn oooooooooooooooooo

Exercise 3: The DC Voltmeter

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) z bbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbbb ccccccccccccccccccc ddddddddddddddddddd

Unit Test

DC2- UNIT1 DC NETWORK THEOREMS

Exercise 1: Component Location/Identification

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) aa qqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqqq rrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr sssssssssssssssssss

Exercise 2: Circuit Board Operation

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) bb ffffffffffffffffffff gggggggggggggggggggg hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh

Unit Test

DC2- UNIT2 KIRCHHOFF’S CURRENT LAW

Exercise 1: Current in a Branch Circuit

15.2.1 Current in a Branch Circuit: Discussion

15.2.2 Current in a Branch Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) cc uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww

Exercise 2: Node Currents in a Branch Circuit

15.3.1 Node Currents in a Branch Circuit: Discussion

15.3.2 Node Currents in a Branch Circuit: Procedure

2 Circuit modifications (CMs) dd jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk lllllllllllllllllllll

Unit Test

DC2- UNIT3 KIRCHHOFF’S VOLTAGE LAW

Exercise 1: 3-Element Series Voltages

Exercise 2: Algebraic Sum of Series Voltages

16.3.1 Algebraic Sum of Series Voltages: Discussion

16.3.2 Algebraic Sum of Series Voltages: Procedure

DC2- UNIT4 KIRCHHOFF’S LOOP EQUATIONS

Exercise 1: Loop Equations

Exercise 2: Node Equations

DC2- UNIT5 KIRCHHOFF’S SOLUTION WITH 2 SOURCES

Exercise 1: Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law/2 Sources

18.2.1 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law/2 Sources: Discussion

18.2.2 Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law/2 Sources: Procedure

Exercise 2: Kirchhoff’s Current Law/2 Sources

18.3.1 Kirchhoff’s Current Law/2 Sources: Discussion

18.3.2 Kirchhoff’s Current Law/2 Sources: Procedure

Exercise 3: Mesh Solution with 2 Sources

18.4.1 Mesh Solution with 2 Sources: Discussion

18.4.2 Mesh Solution with 2 Sources: Procedure

DC2- UNIT6 SUPERPOSITION AND MILLMAN’S THEOREMS

Exercise 1: Superposition Theorem

Exercise 2: Millman’s Theorem

DC2- UNIT7 THEVENIN CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Thevenizing a Single Source Network

20.2.1 Thevenizing a Single Source Network: Discussion 20.2.2 Thevenizing a Single Source Network: Procedure 20.2.3 Review Questions

Exercise 2: Thevenizing a Dual Source Network

20.3.1 Thevenizing a Dual Source Network: Discussion 20.3.2 Thevenizing a Dual Source Network: Procedure 20.3.3 Review Questions

DC2- UNIT8 THEVENIZING A BRIDGE CIRCUIT

Exercise 1: Bridge Circuit Resistance

Exercise 2: Thevenizing Bridge Circuit Voltage

21.3.1 Thevenizing Bridge Circuit Voltage: Discussion

21.3.2 Thevenizing Bridge Circuit Voltage: Procedure

DC2- UNIT9 THEVENIN/NORTON CONVERSION

Exercise 1: Thevenin to Norton Conversion

22.2.1 Thevenin to Norton Conversion: Discussion

22.2.2 Thevenin to Norton Conversion: Procedure

Exercise 2: Norton to Thevenin Conversion

22.3.1 Norton to Thevenin Conversion: Discussion

22.3.2 Norton to Thevenin Conversion: Procedure

DC2- UNIT10 DELTA AND WYE NETWORKS

Exercise 1: Tee/Wye and Pi/Delta Networks

23.2.1 Tee/Wye and Pi/Delta Networks: Discussion

23.2.2 Tee/Wye and Pi/Delta Networks: Procedure

Exercise 2: Delta and Wye Transformations

23.3.1 Delta and Wye Transformations: Discussion

23.3.2 Delta and Wye Transformations: Procedure

AC1- UNIT1 THE AC WAVEFORM GENERATOR

Exercise 1: AC Waveform Generator Familiarization

24.2.1 AC Waveform Generator Familiarization: Discussion 24.2.2 AC Waveform Generator Familiarization: Procedure 24.2.3 Review Questions

Exercise 2: Generator Impedance

AC1- UNIT2 AC MEASUREMENTS

Exercise 1: AC Amplitude Measurement

25.2.1 AC Amplitude Measurement: Discussion 25.2.2 AC Amplitude Measurement: Procedure 25.2.3 Review Questions

Exercise 2: Measuring with an Oscilloscope

25.3.1 Measuring with an Oscilloscope: Discussion 25.3.2 Measuring with an Oscilloscope: Procedure 25.3.3 Review Questions

Exercise 3: Measuring and Setting Frequency

25.4.1 Measuring and Setting Frequency: Discussion 25.4.2 Measuring and Setting Frequency: Procedure 25.4.3 Review Questions

Exercise 4: Phase Angle

AC1- UNIT3 INDUCTANCE

Exercise 1: Inductors

Exercise 2: Inductors in Series and in Parallel

26.3.1 Inductors in Series and in Parallel: Discussion 26.3.2 Inductors in Series and in Parallel: Procedure 26.3.3 Review Questions

AC1- UNIT4 INDUCTIVE REACTANCE

Exercise 1: Inductive Reactance

Exercise 2: Series RL Circuits

Exercise 3: Parallel RL Circuits

AC1- UNIT5 TRANSFORMERS

Exercise 1: Transformer Windings

Exercise 2: Mutual Inductance

Exercise 3: Transformer Turns and Voltage Ratios

28.4.1 Transformer Turns and Voltage Ratios: Discussion 28.4.2 Transformer Turns and Voltage Ratios: Procedure 28.4.3 Review Questions

Exercise 4: Transformer Secondary Loading

AC1- UNIT6 CAPACITANCE

Exercise 1: Capacitors

Exercise 2: Capacitors in Series and in Parallel

29.3.1 Capacitors in Series and in Parallel: Discussion 29.3.2 Capacitors in Series and in Parallel: Procedure 29.3.3 Review Questions

AC1- UNIT7 CAPACITIVE REACTANCE

Exercise 1: Capacitive Reactance

Exercise 2: Series RC Circuits

Exercise 3: Parallel RC Circuits

AC1- UNIT8 TIME CONSTANTS

Exercise 1: RC Time Constants

Exercise 2: RC and RL Wave Shapes

31.3.1 RC and RL Wave Shapes: Discussion 31.3.2 RC and RL Wave Shapes: Procedure 31.3.3 Review Questions

AC2- UNIT1 RLC CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Series RLC Circuits

32.2.1 Series RLC Circuits: Discussion 32.2.2 Series RLC Circuits: Procedure 32.2.3 Review Questions

Exercise 2: Parallel RLC Circuits

32.3.1 Parallel RLC Circuits: Discussion 32.3.2 Parallel RLC Circuits: Procedure 32.3.3 Review Questions

AC2- UNIT2 SERIES RESONANCE

Exercise 1: Series Resonant Circuits

Exercise 2: Q and Bandwidth of a Series RLC Circuit

33.3.1 Q and Bandwidth of a Series RLC Circuit: Discussion 33.3.2 Q and Bandwidth of a Series RLC Circuit: Procedure 33.3.3 Review Questions

AC2- UNIT3 PARALLEL RESONANCE

Exercise 1: Parallel Resonant Circuits

Exercise 2: Q and Bandwidth

AC2- UNIT4 POWER IN AC CIRCUITS

Exercise 1: Power Division

Exercise 2: Power Factor

AC2- UNIT5 LOW- AND HIGH-PASS FILTERS

Exercise 1: Low-Pass Filters

Exercise 2: High-Pass Filters

AC2- UNIT6 BANDPASS AND BANDSTOP FILTERS

Exercise 1: BandPass Filters

Exercise 2: BandStop Filters

AC2-

AC2-

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AC2-

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AC2-

AC2-

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