Bài giảng phần cứng hệ thống thông tin
Chương 3Phần cứng Hệ Thống Thông Tin Figure 6-1 Computer systems consist of the following hardware components:Computer systems consist of the following hardware components:Input devices accept data or commands in a form useable by computers. Data and commands can also be sent to the processing unit; e.g., keyboards, mice, scanners, microphone, digital camera.Output devices display the processed information understandably and usefully; e.g. printers, monitors, speakers.Processing devices are contained in a computer’s system unit and are comprised of circuitry. The main circuit board is the motherboard, with its central processing unit (CPU) and memory.Storage devices include secondary storage for data and programs outside the computer’s processing unit; e.g., hard disk drives, floppy disk drives, Zip® drives, CD-ROM, CD-RW and DVD-ROM drives. Drives read from and write to storage media (the physical material that can store data and programs).Communication devices provide connections between computers and communication networks, allowing for exchange of information and data with other computers via transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, and satellites. Computers process data by means of a binary system.Computers process data by means of a binary system.Computers are devices powered by electricity, which has two discrete states: On or Off. Two digits represent these states: 0 for the electronic state of Off, and 1 representing On (the presence of an electronic charge). To be processed, all data in a computer system (words, symbols, pictures, videos, sounds) must be reduced to a string of binary digits. (The process of converting data from other formats into binary digits is called digitization.)A binary digit 1 or 0 is called a bit, the smallest unit of data in a computer system. Eight bits grouped together as a unit are called a byte, which provides enough combinations of 0s and 1s to represent 256 individual characters, including numbers, upper and lower case alphabet letters, punctuation marks and other characters. And, then what?Coding Schemes define the patterns of bytesAnd, then what?Coding Schemes define the patterns of bytesCoding schemes, such as ASCII, EBCDIC, and Unicode, provide the means to interact with a computer that recognizes only bits (on/off states). When you press a letter on a keyboard, the electronic signals are converted into binary form and stored into memory. The computer then processes the data as bytes of information and converts them to the letters you see on the monitor screen or on a printed page. [...]... Một số lưu ý khi mua sắm phần cứng Xác định thời điểm mua sắm lựa chọn phương án mua sắm phần cứng Ra quyết định mua sắm Lắp đặt, bảo trì và huấn luyện cán bộ Types of Ports Types of Ports Serial ports transmit data one bit at a time, like the picture on the... hardware (especially the chipset and processor) and the operating system. The BIOS provides access to the system hardware and enables the creation of the higher-level operating systems that you use to run your applications. The BIOS is also responsible for allowing you to control your computer's hardware settings, for booting up the machine when you turn on the power or hit the reset... important? Why is RAM so important? Aside from the processor, the two most important factors affecting a computer system’s performance are RAM and hard disk capacity. Hard disks are typically huge, with GBs of storage, so the primary limiting factor is the amount of installed RAM. Without enough RAM, the operating system must swap out storage space with your hard disk. The OS creates a Paging File (swap... On or Off. Two digits represent these states: 0 for the electronic state of Off, and 1 representing On (the presence of an electronic charge). To be processed, all data in a computer system (words, symbols, pictures, videos, sounds) must be reduced to a string of binary digits. (The process of converting data from other formats into binary digits is called digitization.) A binary digit 1 or 0 is... Drives External Hard Drives IEEE 1394, commonly called Fire Wire, is a very fast external bus standard that supports data transfer rates of up to 400Mbps (in 1394a) and 800Mbps (in 1394b). Products supporting the 1394 standard go under different names, depending on the company. Apple, which originally developed the technology, uses the trademarked name FireWire . Other companies use other names, such... Cards Modem Cards Network Interface Cards (NIC) Laptops and portable computers typically have PC Cards – thin credit-card sized devices used to add memory, disk drives, etc. For further research about connecting devices to your computer, look up: Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) Universal Serial Bus (USB) Small Computer System... Primary Storage, also called internal storage. Serves as computer’s workspace, storing all or part of the program that is being executed, as well as data being used by the program. RAM stores the operating system programs that manage the operation of the computer. RAM is Volatile storage: Power goes, data goes! More memory = larger workspace Large programs = large number of instructions Measured in... Memory ROM: Read Only Memory ROM is nonvolatile. ROM chips contain permanently written data, called firmware (your BIOS lives here). ROM contains the programs that direct the computer to load the operating system and related files when the computer is powered on. ROM chips are usually recorded when they’re manufactured. Flash memory is reprogrammable memory. You can upgrade the logic capabilities . Chương 3Phần cứng Hệ Thống Thông Tin . processor) and the operating system. The BIOS provides access to the system hardware and enables the creation of the higher-level operating systems that you