Kinh tg - Quan ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO BOI NANG LUC SANG TAO TAI DOANH NGHIB> VIET NAM PGS TS NguySn Manh Quan * Tom tat: Viet Nam la mgt nen kinh te mdi noi va dang chuyen doi Tuy tang trudng dat toe do kha an tugng so vdi eac nen kinh te dang phat trien trong khu vuc, nhung theo danh gia ciia Dien dan Kinh te the gidi (WEF), kinh te Viet Nam van cd nguy C O tut h^u, Viet Nam rat can nhiing budc tien mang tinh dot pha Khu vuc kinh tl tu nhan la mgt dgng lire phat trien cua nen kinh te, Nhung dong gop ciia doanh nghidp tu nhan cho nen kinh te cdn rat han che Mpt trong nhirng loi the tiem an ciia nen kinh te Vi?t Nam nam d nguon nhan l^rc Bai viet gidi thi^u mpt so ket qua nghien eiiu ve nang lire sang tao eua khu vuc doanh nghiep tu nhan d Viet Nam va de xuat mpt sd each tiep can chien lugc tao siic bat cho khu vuc nay Tii khoa: Nang luc, doi mdi, sang tao, ngu6n nhan luc, tu nhan Abstract: Vietnamese economy is the newly - emerged and transitioning one Although the growth has been recorded at a rather impressive rate in comparison with the developing economies in the region, basing on the evaluation of the World Economic Forum (WEF), Vietnam economy is still in the danger of lagging Vietnam is in great need for breakthrough progress The private economic sector is the driving force of economic development The contribution of the private enterprises to the national economy, however, remains so limited One of the potential advantages of Vietnam economy lies in its human resources The article introduces the outcome of the research on the creative capacity of the private enterprises in Vietnam and proposes some strategic approaches to create a bounce for this sector Keywords: capacity, ddi m&i / innovation, creation, human resources, private 1 Phat trien kinh tetirnhan la mgt thuc su trd nen manh me hi nhtrng nam dau chu tru-oTig ldn day thach thii-c the ky XXI Trong ba thap ky doi mdi, nen a) VietNam Id nen kinh ti m&i nSi vd kinh te Viet Nam da c6 nhieu bien ehuyen dang chuyin ddi quan trpng va da dat dugc nhiing bude Cong cupc doi mdi ve kinh te bit diu tang trudng nhanh, lien tuc d mirc 5-7% duoc thuc thi tai Viet Nam tir sau Dai hoi GDP/nam, tao ra nhieu viec lam, ddi song Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lin thir VIII vao duac cai thien Kinh te hi nhan ddng gdp thang 6 nam 1986, Tuy vay, qua trinh doi khoang 40% GDP (2017), thu hut 85% lao mdi trong nhn kinh te xuat hien mudn ban, ddng xa hdi va chiem 98% trong so tren vao giiia nhtrng nam 90 cita the ky XX va 600 ngan doanh nghiep * Vien nghien ciru phat trien doanh nghiep (Vien INBUS) Tap chi Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe • l l So 04/2019 31 N G H I E N cuu TRAO f>6l Kinh le -Qv^njy b) Thdch thiec chit yiu ddi v&i nen on dinh Theo danh gia cua cac chuyen kinh ti gia WEF va Chi so Sang tao toan cau Moi trudng kinh doanh dugc cai thien (GII), Viet Nam lu6n chirng to co nhung thdng qua nhirng chinh sach va su no lire uu thh dac biet dang ke trong mot so hnh ciia Chinh phii, thir hang ciia nen kinh te vuc ve con ngudi va sang tao dugc cai thien theo timg nam, dii khong GDP (PPP) per capita (Intl $), 1990-2013 1990 1992 1994 1996 199B 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Hinh 1 Phat trien kinh te ciia Viet Nam giai doan 1990-2015 va xu the; (WEF, 2015) Tuy tang trudng dat duoc t6c dp kha an tuang, nhung theo danh gia cua WEF, kmh te Viet Nam van dang co nguy co tut hau so vdi cac nen kinh te mdi noi khac trong khu vue (H, 1) Cho dii mgt so chi so lien quan den con ngudi va nang luc sang tao cua ngudn nhan luc Viet Nam dupc danh gia la co nhieu uu the, kinh te Viet Nam van bi coi la mpt nen kmh te phat tnen d mire tmng binh va c6 nguy ca roi vao "bay thu nhap tmng binh" c) Viet Nam rdt cdn nhirng bu&c tiin mang tinh dot phd Theo danh gia ciia WEF, Viet Nam mdi chi dugc coi la quoc gia diing dau nh6m cac nudc phat trien dua vao nguon luc Tiem nang con ngudi chua thue su dugc khai thac mot each hieu qua (H 2) Vi vay, dii no lire, eung kh6 C O the dat duac mue tieu phat trien vugt bac Dang luu y, trong khi Viet Nam dang gang sire, cac quoc gia khac ciing tiep tuc phat tnen vdi t6c do nhanh han nhd nhiing ngudn lue va each tiep can dimg din Vi the Dang CSVN da ban hanh Nghi quyit 10/NQ-TU" phat triin kinh te tu nhan trd thanh "mot dong lue quan trong ciia nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hoi chii nghTa" Chien lirtfc phat trien dot pha 6m nudc theo dac diem phat trien, tW''''ER(aiulijng 2018)] " r u f ^ ^ ^ '''' " ^ "MliidDjllULlioKn''''J P^,l»A,»,fj^ Hinh 2 Xep hang cac nen kinh te trong khu virc theo WEF (2018) d) Vai trd thuc su ciia khu vuc kinh ti tu nhdn tgi Viet Nam Tuy duac thira nhgn co vai tro quan trpng trong phat triin kinh te, nhung dong gop cua doanh nghiep tu nhan cho nen kinh te con rat han che Theo bao cao danh oia Tap chi I 3 0 Kmh doanh vd Cong nghs '''' ^ S60^, : 0i9 1 1 "1 • ; o '''' j n h v d C 6 h g t, '''' Kinh 16 - a u a n ly N G H I E N CUU TRAO DOI mpt nam sau thuc hien Nghi quyet 10/NQ- TU" (10/2018), cae doanh nghiep tu nhan (DNTN) mdi ddng gop gin 8% GDP Cd nhiiu nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang nay, Ben canh cac van de ve mdi trudng kinh doanh (nhu the che, luat phap, ) va nang l\rc dieu hanh cua bp may hanh ehinh, cd nhiing yeu t6 ve nang luc ciia doanh nghiep va phuang phap quan ly Bao eao GII 2017 ve Viet Nam cho rang, tuy co mpt sd diem manh vi ndng luc hdp thu kiin thiec, tdc dpng cua kiin thiec hogc pho bien kien thuc, nhung van hoc 16 nhiing diem yeu ve giao due va nhan lire, nhu gido due nghe nghiep va gido due dgi hoc Theo nghien ciiu cua VietAnalytics (Dinh Tuan Minh, 2018), phan dong DNTN c6 quy m6 nho va sieu nho, doanh nghiep e6 so lugng lao dpng dudi 10 ngudi chiem tren 50%, Kha nang tiep can thi trudng the gidi ban che, chi cd khoang 11% DNTN c6 hang hda xuat khau true tiip hoae gian tiep Sd DNTN nam trong top 50 chi ehiem 1/3 (16/50) Tuy da C O nhieu chinh sach va nguon lire dugc cam ket, dudng nhu "nang luc hap thu chinh sach" n6i chung, tiep nhan va xir Iy su ho tro ciia DNTN noi rieng, dang la mdt van de Idn, Dang ngai la nhieu no lire da dugc thirc thi, nhung van chua dugc cai thien Can phai c6 cac bien phap tiep can phii hgp, su nd luc cua ca Chinh phu, Ian khu vyc kinh te tu nhan, dae biet la DNTN 2 Doanh nghiep Viet Nam qua nghien cihi d cac cap do khac nhau a) Nghien cieu & cdp vi mo Sir cam ket ciia Chinh phii trong viec phat trien kinh te tu nhan, doanh nghiep nho va vira (DNNVV) the hien qua cac chinh sach ho trg tin dung, ehinh sach uu dai ve thue va dao tao nang cao nang luc Quy phat frien DNNVV, vdi so vdn dieu le la 2,000 ty VND (gin 100 tneu USD), thanh lap hi nam 2014, chi cho vay vdi ty le rat thap So lugt doanh nghiep tiep can dugc nguon tai chinh nay hau nhu kh6ng dang ke Tinh trang cac ngu6n tin dung ho tra phat trien kinh doanh nho khac cung tuang tu, eho du lugng v6n tin dung cam ket tang hang nam (Can Van Luc, 2018), Theo danh gia ciia cac chuyen gia, nang luc quan ly dieu hanh ciia cac doanh nghiep va ngudi quan ly la mpt trd ngai Idn dan den tinh trang thieu man ma cua cac to chirc tin dung ddi vdi cac DNNVV Theo Grant Thornton, gan 60% s6 ngudi duge h6i cho rang nang suat Iao dgng chi c6 tam quan trgng rat it Dieu d6 chimg to nguon nhan luc cua Viet Nam mdi la tiem nang, Trong khuon kho ciia hai chuang trinh quoc gia ve lap nghiep va h6 tro phat trien doanh nghiep trong cac giai doan 2005-2009 va 2011-2015, hang tram ty ddng tu ngan sach (dao dpng tir 30-60 ty VND/nam) da dugc giai ngan cho cac kh6a dao tao de phat trien ngudn nhan luc va nang luc hoat dpng ciia doanh nghiep Mac dii vay, tac dgng C O n6 van kho kiem dinh %L 1 ? 1 4 5 fi 7 S Q 10 1 1? n 14 Ti lf5 17 18 11 NGANHNGHI Cone nghiep dien tii Cons nafaieo nhe Cone nehieo thuc pham Ca khi Dichvu Duoc, thiet bi v te Dien Ha tang Hoa chat May mac Tsfliua, bao bi Tuvan Then Thiic an sia sue Thuonemai Trone trot Van tai Vat lieu xav dims Xavdimg TdNG sSlDong DN 6 6 6 15 14 3 2 2 3 26 25 4 2 5 70 1 11 4 14 219 % ^ 2 7% 2 7% 2 7% 6 8% 6 4% 1 4% 0 9% 0 9% 1 4% 11 9% 11,4% 1 8% 0 9% 2 3% 32,0% 0 5% 5 0% 1 8% 6 4% 100 0% Bang I Cff cau doanh nghiep du-ffc khao sat, theo nganh (INBUS, 2017-2018) Tap chi Kmh doanh va Cong nghe So 04/2019 33 NGHIEN CUU TRAO D 6 | Kinh t^ - Quo^jy Dao tao nhan lire la mot trong nhimg van de then ch6t ddi vdi cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam de nang cao nang lire ndi sinh, hoi nhap vao cac chudi gia tri/cum lien ket va nen kinh te toan cau Nhu''''ng nghien ciiu ciia Vien Nghien cim va Phat trien doanh nghiep (INBUS) da chi ra rang, de thue hien cd hieu qua cac khoa dao tao va nang eao nang luc hoat dpng cho doanh nghiep Viet Nam, can nhan thirc ro nhumg ton tai sau: (i) Nhu cau ve nang cao nang luc ciia doanh nghiep rat khac nhau, tiiy thuoc thuc trang nang luc va quan diem ciia lanh dao doanh nghiep, (li) Dao tao nhan lire la each tiep can truyen thdng, tuy nhien, can phai nang cao nang luc he thong, thay vi chi tap trung vao trang bj ky nang b) Nghien cuu & cdp doanh nghiep ciia Viin Nghien cuu vd Phdt tnen doanh nghiip Gan day (2017-2018) INBUS da tien hanh khao sat 200 doanh nghiep duac lua chpn ciia tinh Hung Yen (dirng thu 56/63 tinh, thanh pho ve chi s6 canh tranh PCI) va gan 500 doanh nghiep d 8 tinh, thanh ph6 khac (nam 2016) vh nang luc doanh nghiep noi chung va nhan luc n6i neng, trong d6 cd nang luc doi mdi, sang tao va nang luc hap thu cong nghe (B 1) - Phuangphdp khdo sdt: Viee khao sat duac tiln hanh vdi Bp chi s6 BCI ciia INBUS dugc phat tnen dua tren bd chi so danh gia nang luc hoat dpng quan tn ciia doanh nghiep va bd chi so CIS eua Nhat Ban (Ishjjima va Maeda, 2014), INBUS cung da bo sung, nang cap BCI qua tham khao bg chi so SBC va phuang phap nghien ciru khae ciia Han Quoc (2016), phuang phap luan danh gia nang lire to chiic OCAT (Mwiya, 2009) va danh gia nang lue quan ly riti ro du an ciia to chirc OPMCAT ciia Cannada, phuang phap tinh ciia WEF, Gil, cung nhu ndi dung tir KPI (Parmenter, 2007), eac chi so cot yeu ve quan ly (Walsh, 2008), eac chi so ve traeh nhiem xa hoi ciia doanh nghiep (CSR), von xa hgi (OTI) va van h6a to ehire (DOCS), (H 3), KHUNG C m t M LLTOC = H a P P H \ N CHINH + SO B 6 T 6 N G Q U A T Milts up:itcnTfl^s Hinh 3 Phnong phap xay dung Bo chi so BCI Phucmg phap chi so (indexing) quen nghiep ye cac phirang dien khac nhau Ap thuoc nhu trong WEF, GII va nhieu tai dung de danh gia nang luc doanh nghiep, lieu nghien ciru khac duoc su dung de BCI cua INBUS cu the hoa thanh he thong luong hoa, phan tich va so sanh cac doanh cac tieu chi (H 4) Tap chi j Kinh doanh vo Cong nghe So ^J/?ni9 [ 34 R,inn re - v u a n ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO o6l Hinh 4 He thong chi bao ciia Bo chi so BCI Ve nguyen tac, BCI ciing duge xay dung de trien khai khao sat tren eae chiic nang va lmh vuc quan tri doanh nghiep ca ban theo mo hinh quan tri doanh nghiep kinh doanh trong kinh te thi trudng D6 la cac chiic nang hay ITnh vuc quan tri, nhu marketing va ban hang, cong nghe va tae nghiep, to churc va nhan su, ke toan va tai chinh, quan tri va dieu hanh Ve ban hang va marketing, nhirng van de ve nang lire, nhu kha nang tao ra loi nhuan, kha nang hoat d6ng hieu qua, nang lue quan Iy dieu hanh, Ia nhiing ngi dung dugc quan tam Trong cac hoat dpng eong nghe, kha nang thich irng, doi mdi sang tao, kha nang dam bao tieu chuan chat lucmg, , la nhiing van de dugc nhieu ngudi coi trong, Ve to chirc va nhan su, viec bo tri sir dung va tao mdi trudng lam viee thuan lgi luon la nhiing van de duac uu tien Cac chi so ve nang luc to ehirc, nhu he thdng thong tin npi bp va chat luang nguon thong tin ciing vdi nhu''''ng ehinh sach dam bao truy nhap va khai thac thdng tin la nhu:ng nhan td quan trgng Thong tin ve nang lire tai ehinh doanh nghiep, nang lue vdn hda thi trudng, kha sfr dung de khao sat doanh nghiep (INBUS) nang hap thu von hay nang lire quan ly ng xau la hhiing ngi dung dugc nhieu d6i tugng, nhat la cac nha dau tu, mu6n biet Ldng tin, nang luc phat trien ben viing, eac ngudn lire xa hpi, dpng lire eiia ngudi Iao d6ng, Ia nhii''''ng van de quyet dinh ket qua va hieu suat hoat dong eiia doanh nghiep Nhiing van de nang lire nhu vay dugc tong hop va the hien thanh eac chi s6 KPI cd the xac minh mdt each khaeh quan, phan anh thuc trang nang luc cua doanh nghiep vao thdi diem khao sat, - Ket qud khdo sdt: Diem sd cua gan 200 doanh nghiep duoc khao sat tai Hung Yen nam trong pham vi dugc trinh bay nhu trong B 2 vaH 5 Cac doanh nghiep duac khao sat (B 3) phan thanh 7 nhom nang liic "rat y8u" - "yeu" - "dudi trung binh" - "trung binh" - "kha" - "tot" - "rat t6t", theo ty le d6ng d6u (100/7) Cd the thSy hku het eac diem nang luc cua cac doanh nghiep duoc khao sat d mirc trung binh va tren trung binh So doanh nghiep duae khao sat do cac ca quan quan ly d dja phuang lira chpn va gidi thieu C6 nghia la trong thuc te nang lire doanh nghiep Viet Nam Tap chi Kmh doanh va Cong nghe So 04/2019 35 audn ly Max Mia TB Chisd kha nang lao Iffi nhuan 4,28 1,17 2,91 Chisd nang lire hoai kieu quii 4,48 2,08 3,32 Chisd phat^ 4,31 1,72 3,16 Chi so nang liec ihich ieng, doi mdi sang lao 4,21 1,38 2,92 Chi so nang luc quan ly 4,34 1,66 3,07 Chi so nang li/c kel noil hoinhgp 4,13 1,69 3,02 Chisd nang luv tai chinh 5,00 1,00 3,00 Chisd nang luchSp ihu vdn 4,79 1,30 3,31 Chisd nang llfC qudn iy no xdu 4,26 1,76 3,09 Hinh 5 Phan bo diem nang lyc doanh nghiep khao sat u-c cua doanh nghiep khao sat tai dia phuang co the thap han Dieu do giai thich tai sao d6ng gop cua cac DNTN cho kinh te va vi tti ciia dia phuang tren ban do PCI lai thap nhu vay Trong mgt nghien cim cua INBUS hen hanh d gan 500 doanh nghiep khac tai 8 tinh, thanh ph6, nhu cau h6 tra nang cao nang lire cua doanh nghiep la khac nhau (B 4 va B 5) Cac doanh nghiep dugc xep vao nh6m co nang luc thap (rat yeu, yeu, hoac dudi tmng binh) thudng uu tien quan tam den viee cgnh tranh - ton tgi, trong khi doanh nghiep thudc cac nhom trung binh va kha quan tam nhieu han den viee nang cao nang luc de cgnh tranh - phdt trien TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loai kinb DNlunhan Cong^CP Cong Ij TNHH Hgp lac xa DN C O von nha nirdc ChinhanhffiaidientaiDP TONGCpNG ^ 1 '''' Tong sSDN sat n Sl US 4 0 4 m Ndng kc doanh nghiep Rit yeu 0 2 2 0 0 0 4 y 0 00 3 92 1 74 0,00 0 00 0 00 2,09 , K Yiu 0 2 6 0 0 0 8 % 0,00 3,92 5,22 0 00 0 00 0 00 4,19 Dadi TB 8 12 25 3 0 0 48 % 47,06 23,53 21,74 75 00 0,00 0,00 25,13 TE 9 26 51 1 0 1 88 % 52,94 50,98 44 35 25 00 0,00 25 00 46,07 Kh 0 8 31 0 0 3 42 % 0,00 15,69 26,96 0,00 0 00 75,00 21,99 Til 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 % 0,00 1,96 0,00 0 00 0,00 0,00 0,52 Rit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 % 0,00 0 00 0,00 0 00 0,00 0 00 0,00 '''' '''''''' Bdng 3 Phan nhom doanh nghiep khao sat theo nang iwc hoat dong, (EHBUS, 2017) Tgp chi I J i Kinh doanh va Cong nghS I Kinh 16 - Quan ly NGHIEN CUU TRAO D 6 I Link viK B a n h ^ g Nhan lyc T 6 chiic Quanly BiimTB 3 47 3 58 3 52 3 46 Tdng so DN khdo sat 60 60 60 60 T d N G C O N G Nhu c^u ddo t a o VSu cau Aho t a o NJtu cau dao tun f)ao t a o d c t o a t»i Rat yeu 0 2 0 0 2 C a p Co-ban Yeu 6 5 8 4 23 thi^t C u n g CO Dao tao de p h a t trien Du&iTB 9 3 5 8 2S K h u y d n nghi N a n g cao TB 6 2 4 5 17 Kha 25 17 24 20 86 K h u y e n khich C h u y e n 1 „ „ f N a n g cap B a o t a o de dan d^t Tot 12 14 14 11 51 Rat tdt 2 3 2 2 9 Ddc biet Doi miH Sdng t a o Bdng 4 Nhu cau dao tao cua doanh nghiep d Ha Noi (INBUS, 2016) Lmh virc Ban bang Nhaaliic To chic QuanlJ TONGSO T S U E S 6 499 434 474 457 1864 D l ton tai 25 19 17 18 79 % 5% 4% 4% 4% SS Ivot doanh De phat t i i l n 366 275 290 317 1248 ughiep % 73% 63% 6 1 % 69% c^D d l o tao De d i n dat IOS 140 167 122 537 % 22% 32% 35% 27% 3 nhom Avin T B 95 76 70 82 323 19% 18% 15% 18% Bang 5: Nhu cau dao tao phan theo nhom doanh nghiep (INBUS, 2016) Nang lire doi mdi cua cac doanh nghiep khong giong nhau (B 6, B 7 va B-8) Ci cac doanh nghiep, noi chung, chi d mirc trung binh Chi c6 1/191 doanh nghiep eo nang luc doi mdi thude nhom "tot" la khong dang ke Cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam thudng yeu ve nang lire sang tao, doi mdi (innovation), dudi mirc trung binh Viec trien khai cdng nghe mdi d hau het eac doanh nghiep ehi la ap dung (renovation) cong nghe hien hiru (B 6) Vdl nhirng nhdm nay, mdi quan tam hang dau la su sdng cdn va kha nang t^o ra Igi nhuan Nhom eac doanh nghiep co nang luc trung binh quan tam rat nhieu den doi mdi sang tao Nhung hieu qua trien khai cac ho^t dpng nay gay trd ngai cho viec tao ra sir birt pha ve nang suat Cac doanh nghiep co chi so doi mdi sang tao d mirc tnmg binh chiem ty le kha cao, nhung so Chisd Chi so kha nang tao liji nhuan Chi so nang lire ho^it dQiig Meu qua Chi so phat trien ben vung Chi so nang lyc thich ling, doi moi sang t?o Chi so nang luc quan ly dieu hanh Chi s6 nang Iiic ket noi/hpi nhap Chi so nangluc tai chinh Chi so nang luc hap thi^ von CW so nang luc quan ly no xau Tdng so DN klido sdt 191 191 191 191 191 191 161 191 191 Nang lite doanh nghiep Rit yeu 4 0 0 1 0 0 16 1 0 % 2,09 0 00 0 00 0,52 0,00 0,00 9,94 0,52 0,00 Yiu s 2 3 10 4 2 4 6 4 % 4,19 1 05 1,57 5,24 2,09 1,05 2,48 3 14 2,09 DiecH TB 48 27 15 29 1"; 29 26 U 12 % 25,13 14,14 7,85 15,18 7 85 15,18 16,15 5 76 6,28 Bdng 6 Phan loai doanh nghiep - Ba nhom "duoi trung binh" Tap chi Kmh doanh vd Cong nghe So 04/2019 37 N G H l i N CUU TRAO DOI Kinh IS - Quonjy Chisd Chi so kha nang tao loi nhuan Clii so nang luc hoat dong hieu qua Chi so phat trien benvtmg Chi so nang Itic thich img, doi moi sang tao Chi so nang luc quan ly dieu hanh Chi so nang Itrc ket noi/hoi nhap Chi so nang lire tai chinh Chi so nang lire hap thu von Chi so nang luc quan ly ng xau TSng DN tittdo sdt 191 191 191 191 191 191 161 191 191 Ndng life doanit nghiSp TB 88 55 105 117 129 116 47 67 132 % 46,07 28,S0 54,97 61,26 67,54 60,73 29,19 35,08 69,11 Khd 42 75 63 33 41 43 56 89 42 % 21,99 39,27 32,9S n,2S 21,47 22,51 34,7S 46,60 21,99 Bdng 7 Phan loai doanh nghiep - Hai nhom "trung binh" Chisd Chi so kha nang tao loi nhuan Chi so nang luc hoat dong hieu qua Chi so phat trien ben vihig Chi so niing lire thich ling, doi moi sang tao Chi so nang lire quan ly dieu hanh Chi so nang lire ket noi/hoi nhap Chi so nang lire tai chinh Chi so nang luc hap thu von Chi so nang lue quan ly ng xau Tmig sS DN tittdo sdt 191 191 191 191 191 191 161 191 191 Ndng tifc doanh ngliiep Tot 1 31 5 1 2 1 7 12 1 % 0,52 16 23 2,62 0,52 1,05 0,52 4,35 6,28 0,52 Rat tdt 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 5 0 % 0,00 0,52 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 3,11 2,62 0,00 doanh nghiep co ohi so tai chinh, hieu qua a miic cao lai khong tucmg xiing (B,7), So cac doanh nghiep co nang lire hoat dong tot tro len, co the tro thanh doanh nghiep dan djt, tuong doi it (trii duoc danh gia tot ve tinh hieu qua) IVIiic dau tu cho cac hoat dong doi mm sang tao cDng thip, so doanh nghiep c6 chi so nay 0 cac miic "tot" va "rat t6t" khong dang ke: 1/191 (B 8) Nhan thiic va quan diem ciia doanh nghiep va nhung nguoi quan ly dong vai tro quyit dinh khong kem Ho trg phat trien nang lire doanh nghiep dong nghJa vol viec lam thay doi nhan thiic cua nhiing nguoi quan ly de ho danh sit quan tam va ngu6n lire nhieu han cho cac hoat dong doi moi, sang tao Viec dao tao, nang cao ky nang cho nguai lao dong nhu hien nay van can duoc tiep tuc Tuy vay, viec dieu chinh he thong to chiic de tao moi truang thuan lai cho nguai lao dong phat huy nang luc chi duoc thuc thi bai nhiing nguai lanh dao am hieu van de Khong the ky vong tat ca cac doanh nghiep thupc cac khu vuc khac nhau hap thu nhu nhau cac chinh sach ho tra va cac nguon luc Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay nhimg tac dpng tich cue cua nang luc hap thu cong nghe, hap thu chinh sach dSn ket qua hoat dong tai chinh cua doanh nghiep (B 9) Nhung doanh nghiep hap thu cong nghe moi chinh sach moi tfit hon se co ket qua kinh doanh tot hon Nhung dieu do khong khSng dinh cac chinh sach deu tac dong giong nhau tai cac doanh nghiep, ma phu thuoc vao nang luc tiip nhan, chuyen hoa, van dung thanh giai phap kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep 3 Mot so de xuat ve each tiep can chien lyffc de tao sii-c bat cho khu vuc doanh iighlep tu nhan a) Any vi chinh sach Bang 8: Phan loai doanh nghiep - Hai nhom tir "tot" trff Ien Tap chi Kmh doonti va Cong ngh^ So 0472019 38 Kinh IS - Quan ly NGHliN Ciiu TRAO B 6 | Tac dpng the hien tren hai mat: tieu cue va tich cyc Tac dong tieu cue ciia tinh trang nang luc doi moi sang tao kem o cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam la kho tim duac cac doi tac quoc te co nang luc tuang ling, dang tin cay de tham gia vao chuoi san xuat Tinh trang nay dong nghta vai viec cac doanh nghiep nuac ngoai tai Viet Nam phai tu minh ganh them cong viec va chong choi lai voi su canh tranh song-con ciia ciia doanh nghiep noi dia Sir quan tam va diiu tu cho doi mcri sang tao ciia cac doanh nghiep noi dia con it oi Co the do han che ve von, nhung dang lo ngai hon la su ban che ve tam nhin, nhan thtic doi vai doi moi, sang tao He qua la su tho a,_ thieu ling ho dot vai cac hoat dong doi mai sang tao trong cac co so dao tao, nghien citu de ling dung trong san xuat dang dugc trien khai nhu mot cbinh sach Ion cua Cbinh phii hien nay Chisd Chi s6 nang li;o tai chinli Chi so Q^Dg l ^ h a p t h ^ coDg ngbe Chi so D i n g lire h a p t h u chioh sach TS„gs4 DNkhao sil 162 194 194 m^ei Rat 15 3 '''' % 9 SS 1 55 0-52 ySu ^ 21 6 % 2 41 10 82 3 09 TB 27 40 53 % 16 67 20 62 27 32 rciloaiib nghidp TB 47 79 101 % 29 01 40 72 52 06 Kb6 56 47 30 % 34 57 24 23 15 46 Toi 7 4 3 % 4 32 2 06 1 55 Rdi lot 3 0 0 % 3 09 0 00 0 00 Bang 9: Moi lien he giira chi so ket qua tai chinh (KRI) va chi so nang lyc hap thu, phan theo nhom nang lyc NSng llf chSp Uii/c6ng tgh( nil ylu Tit- omTB TrufgiMt Oi TU Khlil TSngsSDN 3 f 32 66 40 4 0 162 NSttBl-rcaicMnh y^ 0 2 3 7 1 0 D 13 ^ 0 00 1176 938 10£1 250 000 B 02 Yia 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 4 % a OD 11 76 0 00 3 03 000 000 2 47 "TB'''' 1 •1 fi 7 a ! 0 2 7 % 3333 23 S3 18 75 10 61 20 00 25 00 16 67 ''''^nh 2 6 10 16 12 1 a 47 M 66 67 35 29 31 2S 24 24 30 00 2S00 29 01 KM 0 2 12 28 15 2 0 S9 % 0 00 11 76 37S0 42 42 37J0 SOOO 36A2 TSt 0 1 1 3 2 0 0 7 % 000 5 8 8 313 45S 5 00 0 00 4 32 RSitSl 0 0 D 3 2 • 0 5 % 000 0 00 0 00 455 500 0 00 3 09 Bang 10 Moi lien he gifra kha nang hap thu cong nghe va ket qua thuc hien ve tai chinh KAigbfchip aiaMitiiiiai Sbyi, fl IMITB TragSM ai Til til tit rT I 4 to 90 2S 2 0 162 Hine''''Vt:''''-^''''!^-''''!'''' nAylu a 1 f 10 J a a 16 » 000 2S 00 10 00 1111 400 0 00 HBe 1-fi 0 1 0 z Q 0 0 4 % 0 00 2600 0 00 3 33 0 00 0 00 Z,