TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G N G H E - S6 18 -TRU''''6''''NG SAI HOC PHAM V A N O Q N G V ^ DUNG CHU TRiNH TRAI NGHIEM DAVID A KOLB VAO XAY DU^G CHU DE "CHUYEN DONG CO HOC" V^T LI L^P 10 NHAM PHAT T R I E N NANG Lire SANG TAO CHO HOC SINH PGS TS Nguyin Thi Nhi'''' ThS Biii Ngpe Nhdn" TOM TAT Di chudn bi triin khai chuang trinh gido due pho thong m&i mgt each co hiiu qud thi viic doi m&i phucmg phdp dgy hgc, tdng cuong cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiim vdo mon hpc nhdm hirong din phdt triin ndng lire cho hpc sinh (HS) trin ca s& chuang trinh sdch gido khoa hien hdnh Id viic ldm hit sire edn thiet Bdi viit nghien ciru van dung mo hinh trdi nghiem David A Kolb cimg v&i nhirng vdn de vi dgy hpc phdt trien ndng luc di thiit ke ede ngi dung hogt dgng trdi nghiim vdo ehu de "Chuyin dpng ca hpc" trong chuang trinh Vgt li l&p 10 THPT hiin hdnh Thong qim kit qud ddnh gid thir nghiem trin lop hgc vi su tien bp cua hpc sinh, di xudt mpt so biin phdp to ehiie hogt dpng trdi nghidm trong dgy hpc mon Vgt li nhdm phdt triin ndng luc sdng tgo ddp img mue tiiu ehirang trinh gido dgc pho thong m&i Tu khoa: Chu trinh David A Kolb, chuyin dpng ca hgc, phat ttiln nang lyc 1 Dat v4n dl Day hpc hudng din phat ttiln nang Iuc cho hpc sinb la myc tieu cdt loi ttong tien trinh dii mdi gido due phd thdng hi?n nay Muln phat ttiln nang luc thi phdi doi mdi phuong phdp day hpc mdt cdch ttiet dl, phdi thyc su coi ttpng vai tto ngudi hgc la chu thi chinh ttong qua ttinh boat dgng Nghi quylt 29-NQ/TW ngay 4/11/2013 vl dii mdi can ban, toan dien giao dye va ddo tgo da chi ro: " Doi vdi giao dye pho thong, tap ttung phat triln tri tue, thi chdt, hinh thanh phdm chdt, nang luc cdng ddn" [I ] Mac ddu nhilu nam qua chiing ta da triln khai nhilu chuong ttinh tir doi mdi phucmg phap dgy hgc, kilm tta danh gid din ling dung cdng ngha thong tin vao cong tdc quan Ii nhdm nhanh ehong dii mdi nln giao due nudc nhd, song ket qua vdn chua dugc nhu mong dpi He thong gido due mang nang tinh bao cdp vd khep kin da tao nen mot sire i qud Idn trudc nhirng yeu cdu ddi hoi ciia sy thay ddi Tir ngi dung chucmg ttinh, thdi gian triln khai thyc hien, hinh thiic kilm tta ddnh gid va co chl van hanh hg thing deu thieu dgng lyc cho su ddi mdi Dac biet, khi hudng din muc tieu phdt ttien ndng lyc HS thi dgi ngu giao vien thudng rdt Iiing tting, khong bilt xdy dyng, thilt ke cac boat dgng dgy hgc, khong biet each t l chiic hgc tap cho HS va khong biet Iam thi nao dl HS co dieu kien b5c Ip khd ndng ciia mmh Tren ca sd nghien ciru van dyng mo hinh ttai nghiem David A Kolb ket hgp vdi viec day hgc nhdm phdt ttiln nang luc vao thuc t l mon hgc Vdt Ii, bdi viet dua ra cac bien phdp xdy dyng md hmh hoat dgng ttdi nghiem dp dung vdo tiln ttinh day hgc hudng • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 65 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C O N G NGHE - SO 18 - TRU-CyNG DAI HOC PHAM V A N 0 $ ^ din phdt ttiln nang lyc sang tao (NLST) cho HS, cy thi vdi chii de: "Chuyin dgng co hgc", qua do, Iam ca sd van dung vdo cdc chu dl day hgc khac, ding thdi, bdi viit cung gop phdn nang cao nhan thiic, ttinh dg chuyen mdn cho dgi ngu gido vien ttong viec to chiic dgy hgc phat trien NLST, dap ung yeu cdu dii mdi gido due hien nay 2 Ngi dung 2 1 Chu trinh trdi nghiim David A Kolb vd viee thie''''t ki mo hinh hogt dgng trdi nghiem cho hoc sinh Vdi chu ttmh trai nghiem David A Kolb thi ttung tdm ciia no thi hien qua mo hinh hgc tip ttai nghiem gIm bin giai dogn: 1 Kinh nghiim cu thi (hgc tap thong qua cdc hoat dgng, hanh vi, thao tac cy thi, tryc tilp gan vdi boi cdnh thuc te); 2 Quan sdt phdn dnh (hgc tap thong qua quan sdt cdc hoat dgng do ngudi khde thyc hien hoac chiem nghiem lai ban than, suy ngSm va due kit nbiing y tudng ttdi nghiem mdi); 3 Khdi niim hoa triru tugng (hgc tap thong qua viec xay dung cdc khdi niem, tong hgp va phan tich nhihig ^ quan sat dugc) vd 4 Thd nghidm (hpc tdp thdng qua nhiing dl xudt, thii n^iSm cdc phuong dn gidi quylt van dl) Chu ky thudng bdt ddu vdi su tham gia cua ca nhan HS bdng ttai nghiem cu thi HS phan dnh kinh nghiem nay tii nhieu quan diem, tim hilu ^ nghia cua nd Trong phan dnh nay, HS nit ra cac kit luan hop ly (khai niem trim tugng) vd co thi them vao kit lugn eiia minh vl cau ttiic ly thuylt ciia ngudi khac Nhiing kit ludn va xdy dung nay hudng dan cac quylt dinh vd hdnh dgng (thii nghi?m tich cue) ddn din cdc kinh nghiem mdi va bdt ddu mgt chu trinb hgc tap mdi Cac ttyc cua hinh dai dien cho hai ehilu ciia nhiem vu hgc tap Chilu dpc (trai nghiem cu thi din khdi ni?m ttim tugng) dai dien cho ddu vao ciia thdng tin la ttyc chuyin hod nhgn thiic Chilu ngang (quan sat phan chilu din thii nghiem tich cue) dk cap din viec xu ly thdng tin la tryc chuyin hod hanh dgng (Hinh 1) [21 KinhnEhiemcutl -i^^ r\ c TKur nghiem tich c Hanh dong Thirfinghi iin/naliihii lli''''uA il6ni; Hpity Siy> r glnmiha nghsm i 1 •ti !c Phanfcy mm ;ar thUyfnlHW Ofinghoa iuyioU''''vo m h6a triru ti/wng Hinh 1 Chu trinh Irai nghiem cug DgvidKolb 66 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY < TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - S6 18 -TRUC^NG BAI HQC PHAM V A N O O N G Hoat dgng trdi nghiem chinh la Ii thuyet hgc tgp dong vai ttd ttung tdm ttong dao tgo theo ndng lyc, bdi vi no chl ra eac boat dgng hgc tap cu thi ciia HS dl phat ttiln kinh nghi?m nen tang (hay kinh nghiem cu the) hudng din muc tieu dao tgo, "thong qua do, chuyin hoa nhirng kinh nghiem da ttai qua thanh tti thiic mdi, hieu biet mdi, kT ndng mdi gop phdn phdt huy tiem ndng sang tao va khd ndng thich ling vdi cu6c song, moi trudng va nghi nghiep tuong Iai" [3][4] Van dung ehu trinh ciia Kolb vd ket hgp mo hinh cdu true nang lyc theo cdc thanh phdn kmh nghiem xa hgi ciia Ddng Thanh Hung thi co dupc mo hinh hogt dpng trdi nghidm va sy phdt ttien ndng luc eiia HS (Hinh 2) [5], tii do cd the thiet ke hoat dpng hgc tap cho HS ttai qua cac giai doan ttai nghiem vdi cac bieu hien ve ndng lyc Cam, nang lyc Hilu, nang lyc Ldm Viec bdt ddu tii giai doan nao cho phii hpp va c6 hieu qua se tiiy vao ngi dung, dac dilm ciia HS (phong each hgc) hoac myc tieu day hgc Nhiem vu cua gido vien la phdi xdc dinh kinh nghiem von cd cua HS, tir do thilt ke cac nhiem vu hpc tap ttong viing phdt trien gan va tgo ra mdi trudng hgc tap tuong tdc de HS tu lye hpc tap, chuyen boa thanh kinh nghiem mdi cho ban than hg CAM xiic {Footing! O cvt»f V^ - ^ S m X < i Thinkjf>g) **i Kh4inl*nihAa I tnlnj tiring I /J Nang lire Singt90 Hinh 2 Md hinh hoat dgng trdi nghiem ciia Kolb vd stf phdt triin ndng luc ciia HS Hgc tap se xuit phat tir mpt man thuan giiia Kinh nghiem cu the va Khai niem hoa triiu tuong, do cung chinh la mau thuIn giua eai da biet va cai chua biet HS sir dung cac Icmh nghiem nSn tang da co ii trai nghiem trong cac tinh hu6ng thuc nham giai quySt vSn d6, left qua cua cac gia tri thuc tS eiia kinh nghiem nSn tang dugc phan xet bai tu duy s8 dua d6n nhttng y tucmg mcH, each lam moi va c6 gjng ap dung thu nghiem nhiing y tudng moi do dS giai quySt van dS, tir do HS due rtit ra kinh nghiem moi va nhOng kmh • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 67 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S 6 18 - TRU-^yNG PAI HQC PHAM V A N D ^ ^ I ^ nghiem ndy se dugc sii dyng cho Idn trdi nghiem tilp theo Qua ttinh nay lien tyc dien ra theo hinh xodn dc se dua kinh nghiem nln tdng da co phdt ttiln, hudng din myc tieu dao tao Qua moi chu trmh hgc tap, HS se phat triln cac nang lyc Hilu, Lam, Cdm va Sang tao Sy phdt ttien va hap nhdt cia cdc ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm, Cdm se Id tiln dl cho sU phat triln nang lyc Sang tao, dua HS len ttinh dp mdi, cd duac nang lyc mdi sau moi chu trinh hgc tap, hudng din muc tieu dao tao Theo mo hinh tten, chiing ta cd the thilt kl nhilu mo hinh boat dgng ttdi nghiem co muc tieu, npi dung hpc tap phii hop ddc diem HS va each dgy hgc ciia gido vien Doi vai viec dgy hgc Vat li, ta cd thi thilt ke cdc md hmh Cdm - Hilu - Lam; Hilu - Lam - Cam Nang lyc Hilu dugc phdt ttiln qua hai giai dogn hpc tap Id Quan sat phdn dnh va Khai niem hoa ttim tugng, nen md hinh thilt kl bai hgc Hieu - Ldm - Cdm c6 hai mo hinh nho: Mo hinh thiit ki bdi hpe Hieu (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm vd Mo hinh thiit ke bdi hoc Hiiu (Khdi niim hoa triru tugng) - Lam - Cdm Mo hinh Cam - Hilu - Lam phu hgp cho tien trinh khdi dgng, hinh thdnh kien thiic, vdi viec dgy hgc tim toi, kham phd Qua kinh nghi?m cu thi, HS cdm nhan dugc van de cdn tim toi kham pha Qud ttinh quan sat, suy ngdm, triiu tugng hoa tri thiic se phat trien ndng luc Hilu, tir do, qua thir nghiem - thuc hanh dan den phat ttiln nang Iuc Lam Mo hinh thiet kS bai hgc Hieu - Lam - Cam phu hgp cho viec hinh thdnh ciing co kien thiic, vdi mo hinh nay, viec hgc tap duacbdt ddu bdng viec HS sii dung kinh nghiem dd C O dl quan sdt hoat dpng ciia ngudi khde hoac cua chinh ban thdn minh ttong nhiing sy kien, tinh huong, bdng chiing thyc tl Qua do, hg suy ngam nhdm kit noi nhirng kmh nghiem da cd din nhiing kiln thiic mdi ttong mSi ngi dung hg tap Tir nhimg kiln thiic mdi do, HS tien hanh thii nghiem va ren luyen dl co dupc kinh nghiem mdi ding thdi Cling c6 khde sau kien thiic da hinh thanh 2 2 Thirc hdnh mo hinh trdi nghiem mgl sd ngi dung chii di "Chuyin dong co hpe " Vgt lilO Tren ca sd md hinh khung thilt kl tten, gido vien c6 thi can cii vao myc tieu, npi dung chu dl, dieu ki6n thyc te vd ttinh dp HS dl cu thi boa cdc ngi dung hoat dpng ttdi nghiem gan lien vdi chu de dgy hgc cua minh, Ddi vdi ehii dl: "Chuyin dong co hoc", van dyng md hinh thilt kl bai hgc Hilu - Lam - Cam, xdy dyng mgt so npi dung, ttin ttinh hoat dgng ttai nghiem cu th^ h bdng 1 Ngi dung 1: Hinh thanh ky ndng xdc dinh vdn tic mot 6 to Ph,r™, *• - ••"- ''''iiLiungtien hoc lieu nhu da neu a bangl Hnh thirc to chiic hoat dong theo nhom hoc sinh t h " '''' '''' '''' •'''' HS quan sat, thao luan dac diem chuygn dpng 6 to tren mo hinh-fh^ quan he giUa dai luang van t6c vai quang duang va thai gian; IJp phuon''''o ''''""^ '''' ™?'''' va thuc hanh tinh gia tri vSn t6c (pha hoat dong nay tuang ling cac hoat ri- ^ ^^" ^°^ tten khung thift k6) Qua phi6u hgc tap HS thu dugc bang gia tri nhu bans 2 "* '''' '''' ''''^ 68 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1 TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH£ - SO 18 - T R y p N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN D O N G Ban \ Hoat \ dOng Noi \ dung \ Ngi dung 1: Hinh thdnh ky nang xdc dinh van toe mgt 6t6 Ngi dung 2: Ciing cl kiln thiic, ky nang: Quan sat ve dd thi s(t); xac dinh van toe dodn g 1 Khung thiet ki Hieu - Ldm - Can- v&i ehu di: Hoat dgng hpc Quan sdt, phdn dnh Hogt dOng 1 1 HS quan sat chuyen dpng 6 to thdo lugn dgc diem moi quan he s, V, t Hogt dpng 2 1 HS quan sdt qua video thdo lugn phdn tich ddc diem ehuyin ddng Khdi niem hod triru tugng Hogt dpng 1 2 HS thong nhdt ve moi quan he s, V, t vdt Iam moc phuang an tinh van tdc Hogt dpng 2 2 HS hinh thanb thing nhdt phuang an ve dd thi s(t); do van toe tau 1 Thu nghiim Hogt dpng 1 3 HS thuc hdnh tmh vdn tdc bdng cdng thiic: V =s/t Hoat dpng 2 3 HS Idp kl hogch thuc hien xac dinh vdn tdc chuyen dgng cua dodn tdu nghiim eg thi Hoat dpng 1 4 HS thu dugc kinh nghiem ve cac dai lupng md td chuyen dpng vd pp xdc dinh vdn toe Hoat dpng 2 4 HS C O duoc kinh nghiem cu the, cdm nhdn mdi lam CO sd chu ki tiep theo "Chuyin dgng ca hpc" Hoat dong day hoc Hoat dpng 1 Thdy hudng dan, tto thyc hi^n Hoat dgng 2 Thay hudng ddn, ttd thuc hien Hoc lieu, phmmg tien thoi gian Mo hinh chuyen ddng 6 to - Dung cu do thdi gian qua cdng quang hoc - Phieu hoc tdp 25 ph - Doan video chuyen dgng dodn tau - Thudc do chieu dai, ding ho do thdi gian - Phieu hoc tdp 20 ph Ldndo Thai gian (s) S(cm) Bdng 2 Sd lieu thu duo 1 4,9 100 2 4,8 100 c sau moi Idn do a noi dung 1 3 5,0 100 4 5,3 100 5 5,0 100 6 5,1 100 Khoang each giira 2 cdng quang hgc xem nhu khdng doi nen van toe trung binh co the dugc tinh nbu sau: vib=s/ttb = 100cm/5s =20cm/s = 0,2m/s Cd nhom ttao ddi md rdng cac cdch do thdi gian, xac djnh van toe vd khde sau kien thiic (pha hogt dgng ndy tuang img cdc boat dgng 1 3; 1 4 tten khung thiet ke) • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C Q N G N G H E - S O 18 - TRLfgyNG PAI HOC PHAM VAN_gONG___ nghiem nay se dugc sii dung cho Idn ttdi nghiem tilp theo Qud ttinh ndy lien tuc dien ra theo hinh xodn oc se dua kinh nghiem nen tang da co phdt ttien, hudng din muc tieu dao tgo Qua mli chu ttinh hpc tap, HS se phdt triln cac nang lyc Hilu, Lam, Cam va Sang tao Su phdt ttiln va hop nhdt ciia cac nang luc Hilu, Lam, Cam se la tiln dl cho su phdt ttiln nang lyc Sang tao, dua HS len ttinh dp mdi, co dupc nang luc mdi sau moi chu trinh hgc tap, huong den muc tieu ddo tgo Theo mo hinh tt6n, chiingtaco thi thiet kl nhieu mo hinh boat dgng ttai nghidm cd muc tieu, ngi dung hgc tap phii hpp ddc dilm HS va each dgy hgc ciia gido vien Doi vdi viec dgy hpc Vat H, ta co thi thilt kl cac mo hinh Cam - Hilu - Lam; Hilu - Lam - Cdm Nang lyc Hilu dupc phdt ttiln qua hai giai doan hpc tap Id Quan sat phdn dnh vd Khdi niem hoa ttim tugng, nen mo hmh thilt ke bdi hgc Hieu - Ldm - Cam co hai mo hinh nho: Mo hinh thiit ki bdi hgc Hiiu (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm vd Mo hinh thiet ki bdi hpe Hiiu (Khdi niim hoa triru tugng) - Ldm - Cdm M6 hinh Cam - Hieu - Ldm phu hpp cho tiln trinh khdi ddng, hinh thanh kien thiic, vdi viec dgy hgc tim toi, kham phd Qua kinh nghiem cu the, HS cam nhdn dupc van de cdn tun toi kham phd Qud ttinh quan sat, suy ngam, trim tupng boa tri thirc se phdt trien nang lyc Hieu, tir do, qua thii nghiem - thyc hdnh dan den phdt ttiln nang lyc Lam Mo hinh thilt kl bai hpc Hieu - Lam - Cam phii hgp cho viec hinh thdnh ciing cd kiln thiic, vdi mo hinh nay, viec hgc tap dugcbdt ddu bdng viec HS su dung kinh nghiem da C O de quan sdt boat dgng ciia ngudi khac hoac ciia chinh bdn than mmh ttong nhiing sy kien, tinh hudng, bdng chiing thuc tl Qua do, hg suy ngdm nhdm kit nli nhimg kmh nghiem da co din nhiing kiln thiic mdi ttong mli ngi dung hp tap Tir nhimg kiln thirc mdi do, HS tiln hdnh thir nghiem va ren luyen dl c6 dupc kinh nghiem mdi ddng thdi cung cd khde sdu kien thuc da hinh thdnh 2 2 Thirc hdnh mo hinh trdi nghiem mot s6 ngi dung chu dk "Chuyin dgng co hpe" Vgt mo Tren ca sd mo hinh kbung thilt kl tt€n, gido vien co thi can cu vdo muc tieu ngi dung chu dl, dieu kien thyc te vd ttinh dp HS dl cy thi hoa cac ngi dung boat dpng ttdi nghiem gan lien vdi chii de day hgc cua minh DSi vai ehu dS: "Chuyin dong eo hpc", van dung mo hinh thilt kS bai hoc Hilu - Lam - Cim, xay dung mgt so ngi dung, tiln ttinh hoat dgng ttai nghiem, cu thi nhu bang 1 Ngi dung 1: Hinh thanh ky nang xac dinh van tic mpt 6 to Phiron f" nhu da neu d bdng 1 Hinh thiic t l chiic hoat dgng theo nhom hfir dni, *u- •^"'''' °''''^ ''''^" • ^^""'''' *"0'''''''' gian 25 phiit HS quan sat, thdo ludn dac dilm chuyin dong 6 to tten mft v,'''' i, , - L - •-• j - i - » - •• • * '''' " ^ i t h o n g n h d t " '''' quan he giua dgi lupng van toe ven quang duong vd thdi gian; Ign phu '''' • w i thiTf d a n h H n h o i n t r i v 5 n fAr- Cnhp h n ^ t AA^ A,, 4 , ^ " ttnh v d moi van tdc vd thyc hdnh tinh gid tti van toe (pha boat dpng nay tuong ling cdc h tren khung thilt kl) Qua philu hgc tap HS thu dugc bang gid tti nhu bdn" ? "^"^ '''''''' ^'''' ^ ''''^ » JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHS - S 6 16 - TRLftyNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B 6 N G Bang 1 Khung thiit ki Hiiu- \ Hoat \ d§ng N9i \ dung \ Ngi dung 1: Hinh thanh ky ndng xdc djnh v ^ toe mdt 6 to Npi dung 2: Cung cl kiln thiic, ky nang: Quan sdt ve dl thi s(t); xdc djnh van toe dodn tau Ldm - Cdm vai chu de: Ho^t dong hpc Quan sdt, phdn dnh Hogt dpng 1 1 HS quan sdt chuyen dgng 6 to, thdo ludn dgc diem moi quan he s, V, t Hogt dpng 2 1 HS quan sat qua video thdo ludn phan tich ddc diem chuyen ddng Khdi niim hod truu tugng Hogt d0ng 1 2 HS thing nhdt v l moi quan h8 s, V, t vdt Iam moc phuong an tinh van toe Hoat dpng 2 2 HS hinh thdnh thing nhdt phucmg an ve do thi s(t); do van toe Thir nghiim Hogt dgng 1 3 HS thuc hanh tinh van t6c bang cong thiic: v -s/t Hogt dpng 2 3 HS lgp kl hoach thuc hien xac dinh van toe chuyen ddng ciia dodn tdu nghiem eg the Hoat dpng 1 4 HS thu duoc kinh nghiem ve cac dgi lupng md ta chuyen dgng vd pp xac dinh vgn toe Hoat dpng 2 4 HS cd dugc kinh nghiem cu thi, cam nbdn radi ldm ca sd chu ki tiep theo ''''Chuyen dpng ca hpc" Ho?t ddng day hpc Hoat dpng 1 Thdy hudng din, ttd thuc hien Hoat dpng 2 Thdy hudng din, tto thyc hi?n Hoc lieu, phtnmg ti|n, thoi gian - Mo hinh chuyen dgng otd - Dung cy do thdi gian qua cong quang hoc - Phieu hgc tap 25 ph - Dogn video chuyin dgng doan tau - Thudc do chieu ddi ddng ho do thai gian - Phieu hoc tap 20 ph l i n do Thai gian (s) S(cm) Bdng 2 Sd lieu thu duac sau mdi Idn do a ngi dung 1 1 4,9 100 2 4,8 100 3 5,0 100 4 5,3 100 5 5,0 100 6 5,1 100 Khoang each giua 2 cdng quang hgc xem nhu khong dii nen van toe trang binh cd thi dugc tmh nhu sau: Vtb=s/ttb = 100cm/5s =20cm/s = 0,2m/s Ca nhom ttao doi ma rgng cac each dg thoi gian, xae dinh van toe va Idiac sau kien thiSc (pha hoat dgng nay tuong ling cae hoat dgng 1 3; 1 4 tten khung thiet ke) > JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 69 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S O 18 - TRU''''O''''NG DAI HOC PHAM V A N j ^ I l J ^ Hinh 3 HSXdc dinh ede dgi lugng mo Hinh 4 HS quan sdt chuyin dpng dodn tdu td chuyin dpng & npi dung 1 frong hogt dpng ngi dung 2 Ngi dung 2: Ciing c6 kiln thiic, ky nang; Quan sat ve do thi s(t); xac dinh van toe doan tau (sd dyng hiiA thiic ttdi nghiem mo phong) Phuang tien, hgc lieu nhu da liet ke d bang 2 Hinh thiic to chiic hoat dgng theo nhom hpc sinh, thdi gian 20 phiit (Thay vl quan sat tten thyc tl HS dugc quan sdt tt8n man hinh va do khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi Idn: 10cm = 30m) Hgc sinh quan sat qua video dodn tau di qua cdu 6 nhip, mdi nhip each nhau 30m, lap kl hoach do (tuong img cac boat dgng 2 1; 2 2); HS tiln hanh do vathu dugc bang si lieu sau (bang 3): Bang 3 So lieu tim dupe sau moi lan do & npi dimg 2 t(s) So nhip cSu S(m) 2 1 30 4 2 60 6 1 8 3 90 4 120 10 5 150 12 6 180 Hinh S Bo thi S^Sft) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONS NGHE - SO 18 - T R y & N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN e6NG HS ve do thi, tinh van tac chuy6n dgng cua doan tau (v = 15m/s) - ttiong ling cac hoat d§ng 2 3, 2 4 2 3 Kit qud vi ndng lire sdng tgo cua hoc sinh sau cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim Sau qui ttinh dua eae hoat dgng ttai nghiem vao ngi dung chu dS day hgc tten va m6t so chii de khac a phSn dgng hge, chiing toi lap bang danh gia va so sanh cac biSu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, th^y rSng cSp do sang tao ciia HS d6u dugc nang len ro ret, cu the qua eae bang 4, 5 nhu sau: Bang 4 Thdng ke NLST cua WHS trudc khi thuc hien cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiem (thuc hien tgi lap lOAi THPTLe Quy Ddn, Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ho v i ten HS Bdi Phan Phuc An Phgm Phu An H6 Tuan Anh Ho Ho^ Hodng Anh Phan Thanh Bao Tir Nguyin Diic Cu6iig D§ Hdng Ctrdng NguySn Ha ChSu Nguyin Bao Chau Nguyen Trin Linh Chi Ti6u chi nang lyc sing tgo cua HS (m6i tieu chf t6i da lOd) Be xual gid Ihuyei, Bu dodn KH 4 6 3 8 4 5 4 4 4 4 Bi xudl phucmg an thi nghidm kiem tra 5 6 5 7 5 5 4 5 4 5 ThiSt kl vit6 chiic hoat dOng 5 5 6 8 5 5 4 5 4 5 GOVB sdng IQO 6 6 7 8 6 5 5 6 6 6 Tuduy dgc lap 6 6 6 S 6 5 6 5 6 6 C6 dOng catot 5 5 6 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 YchI hpc t^p tat 5 7 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Mirc mirc d$ sing tgo (tang diem tai da 70) 36 41 38 55 36 37 33 35 34 36 Bang S Thdng ki NLST eiia 10 HS sau khi thuc hiin cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiin TT I 2 3 4 5 H9 vk ten HS Bdi Phan Phiic An Phgm Phii An Ho Tuan Anh Ha Hoai Ho4ng Anh Phan Thanh Bao Tieu chi nSng li^c sing tao cua HS (moi tieu chi toi da lOd) Be xudt gid thuyel, Bif dodn KH 1 8 6 9 7 Be xuat phucmg dn thi nghiem 7 7 7 9 7 Thilt kl va to chiic hoat dpng 7 8 7 9 7 GOVB sdng tgo 6 8 7 10 7 Tuduy d$c lap 6 8 6 9 S Co d$ng ccrtot 6 7 6 9 8 Ychi hpc tep tat 7 7 6 9 7 Mirc mirc d$ s^ng tao (tflng diem toi da 70} 46 53 45 64 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C Q N G NGHE - SO 18 -TRU''''O''''NG PAI HQC PHAM V A N j ^ ! ^ Hinh 3 HSXdc dinh cdc dgi Iugng mo Hinh 4 HS quan sdt ehuyin dpng dodn tdu td chuyin dgng a npi dung 1 ^^ong hogt dpng npi dung 2 Noi dung 2: Cung c6 kign thuc, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac djnh van toe doan tau (sit dyng hinh thiic trai nghiem mo phong) PhuoTig tien, hpc li|u nhu da liet ke a bang 2 Hinh thuc t6 chiic hoat dpng theo nhom hgc sinh, thai gian 20 phut (Tbay vi quan sat tren thuc tk HS ducrc quan sat tren man hinh va do khoang each theo ty le tren man binh ti vi lan:10cm = 30ra) Hoc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cau 6 nhip, m6i nhip each nhau 30m, lapkgboachdo (tucmg ting cac boat dgng 2 1; 2 2); HS tiln hanb do va thu dugc bang s6 Ii$u sau (bang 3): Bdng 3 So lieu thu dupc sau moi idn do a npi dung 2 t(s) S6 nhip cau S(m) 2 1 30 4 2 60 6 3 90 8 4 120 10 5 150 12 6 180 Hinh S Bo thi S=S(t) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 18 -TRU''''O''''NG DAI HOG PHAM VAN D O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van t6c cbuyen dpng cua doan tau (v = 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoatdpng2 3, 2 4 2 3 Kit qud ve ndng lue sdng tgo eua hoc sinh sau cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim Sau qua trinh dua cac ho^t dpng trai nghiem vao npi dung cbii de day hpc tren va mOt so chii dg khac a phan dpng hoc, chiing toi l| p bang danh gia va so sanh cac biSu hi^n hknh vi sang t^o ciia HS, thdy rSng c4p dp sang tao ciia HS deu dupc nang len ro ret, cu thi qua cac bang 4, 5 nhu sau: Bdng 4 Thdng l!£ NLST eua 10 HS tru&e khi thuc hiin cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim (thuc hien tgi l&p lOAj THPT Li Quy Don Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ho vS ten HS Bui Phan Phiic An Pham Phu An H6 TuSn Anh H6 Ho^i Hoang Anh Phan Thanh Bao Ttr Nguyin Diic Cudng Da Hiing Cuong Nguyen Ha Chdu Nguyin Bao Chau Nguyen Tran Linh Chi Tieu chi nSng lire sdng tao ciia HS (mli tieu chi toi da lOd) Be xudt gid thuyel, Budodn KH 4 6 3 8 4 5 4 4 4 4 Bexudt phuang an chi nghim kiem era 5 6 5 7 5 5 4 5 4 5 Thilt ki \kt6 chile hogt dpng 5 5 6 8 5 5 4 5 4 5 GQVB sdng tgo 6 6 7 8 6 5 5 6 6 6 Tuduy dpc lap 6 6 6 8 6 5 6 5 6 6 Co dOng C O tat 5 5 6 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Ychi hpc tap tat 5 7 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Mirc mih:dQ sang t^o (tang diem tai da 70) 36 41 38 55 36 37 33 35 34 36 Bang 5 Thong ke NLST cug WHS sau khi thuc hien cac hogt dong trdi nghiem TT 1 2 3 4 5 Hfl v i tSn HS Biii Phan Phiic An Ph^m Phii An H6 Tuin Anh H6 Ho&i Hoang Anh Phan Thanh Bao Ti6u chi nang lyc sing tao ciia HS (mai tieu chi tai da lOd) Be xudt gia Ihuyic Bu dodn KH 7 8 6 9 7 Bexudt phuang dn Chi nghiem kiem tra 7 7 7 9 7 Thilt ke vato chiic ho?it dang 7 8 7 9 7 GQVB sdng tgo 6 8 7 !0 7 Tuduy dpc l| p 6 8 6 9 8 Co dpng C O tat 6 7 6 9 8 YchI hpc tap t6t 7 7 6 9 7 Mirc mircd$ sdng t^o (tang di6m toi da 70) 46 53 45 64 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G DA'''' HQC PHAM V A N ^ ^ ^ j S ^ ffinft 3 HSXdc dinh cdc dai lugng mo Hinh 4 HS quan sdt chuyin dgng dodn tdu td ehuyin dpng a ngi dung 1 ^o^S hogt dpng noi dung 2 NOi dung 2: Ciing c6 kiln thiic, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac dinh van toe doan tau (sii dung binh thiic ttai nghiem mo phong) Phuong tien, hoc lieu nhu da lipt ke 6 bang 2 Hinh thiic t6 chiic bo^t dpng tbeo nhom hpc sinh, thai gian 20 phiit (Thay vi quan sat tr6n thuc tk HS duac quan sat tren man hinh va do khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi lon: 10cm = 30m) Hgc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cSu 6 nhip, m6i nhjp each nhau 30m, l^pke hoach do (tuong ling cac boat dong 2 1; 2 2); HS tien hanh do va thu dugc bang so lieu sau (bang 3): Bdng 3 S6 lieu thu duac sau moi lan do a ngi dung 2 t(s) S6 nhip cau S(m) 2 1 30 '''' 2 60 6 3 90 8 4 120 10 5 150 12 6 180 Hinh 5 Do thi S=S(t) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHg - SO 18 -TRU''''O''''NG BAI HQC PHAM V A N O O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van t6c chuySn dong ciia doan tau (v = 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoat dpng 2 3, 2 4 2 3 Kit qud ve ndng luc sdng tgo cua hpc sinh sau cde hogt dgng trdi nghiem Sau qua trinh dua cac hoat dpng trai nghiem vao noi dung cbii dk day hpc tren va mpt so chii de khac a phan dpng hpc, chiing toi lip bang danh gia va so sanh cae biSu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, thay rSng cdp dp sang tao ciia HS dku dugc nang len ro ret, cu the qua cac bang 4, 5 nhu sau: Bdng 4 Thdng ke NLST cua 10 HS tru&c khi thgc hien ede hogt dpng trdi nghiem (thuc hiin tgi lap lOA; THPT Li Quy Don, Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 HQ va tEn HS Bui Phan Phiic An Ph^m Phii An Ha Tuan Anh Ha HoM Hoang Anh Phan Thanh Bao Tir Nguyin Diic Cutmg Da Hiing Cuong Nguyen Ha Chau Nguyen Bao Chau Nguyin Tran Linh Chi Tieu chi nSng lyc s^ng t^o ciia HS (m3i tieu chf t6i da lOd) Be xudt gid Ihuyet, Budodn KH 4 6 3 8 4 5 4 4 4 4 BS xudt phuong dn Ihi nghidm kiem tra 5 6 5 7 5 5 4 5 4 5 Thilt kl vato chiic ho^t dpng 5 5 6 8 5 5 4 5 4 5 GOVB sdng tgo 6 6 7 8 6 5 5 6 6 6 Tuduy dac l§p 6 6 6 8 6 5 6 5 6 6 Co dOiig CO tat 5 5 6 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Ychi hpc tgp tat 5 7 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Miic m&c dS s^ng t^o (tong diem tai da 70) 36 41 38 55 36 37 33 35 34 36 Bang 5 Thdng ke NLST ciia lOHSsau khi thuc Men cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiem TT I 2 3 4 5 Hp va ten HS Bili Phaji Phiic An Pham Phu An Ho T u ^ Anh H 6 Hoii Hotog Anh Phan Thanh Bao Tieu chi nSng lire sang tao ciia HS (mSi tieu chi t6i da lOd) DSxuat gia Ihuyit, Dudodn KH 1 8 6 9 7 De xudt phmfitg dn thi ngiii?m tciem tra 7 7 7 9 7 ThiSt ke vato chirc ho?t dgng 7 8 7 9 7 GQVD sdng IQO 6 8 7 10 7 Tuduy dec isp 6 8 6 9 8 Co dong colSt 6 7 6 9 8 Ychi hgc tSp t6t 7 7 6 9 7 Mii^ mirz dg s^ng tao (tong diem tfli da 70) 46 53 45 64 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G BAI HQC PHAM V A N 0 ^ | ^ mnh 3 HSXdc dinh cde dgi lugng mo Hinh 4 HS quan sdt ehuyin dong dodn tdu td ehuyin dpng a npi dung I l^ong hogt dpng npi dung 2 Noi duog 2: Ciing c6 ki6n thiic, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac djnh van toe doan tau (sii dung hinh thu:c ttai nghiem mo phong) Phuang tien, hpc lieu nhu da liet kS a bang 2 Hinh thiic to chiic boat dong tbeo nhom hpc smh, thai gian 20 phiit (Thay vi quan sat tren thuc te HS duoc quan sat tren man hinh va do khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi lon: 10cm = 30m) Hpc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cau 6 nhip, moi nhip each nhau 30m, lap kl hoach do (tuang ling cac boat dpng 2 1; 2 2); HS ti6n hanh do va thu dugc bang so lieu sau (bang 3); Bdng 3 S6 lieu thu dugc sau mdi Idn do a ngi dung 2 t(s) So nhip can S(ra) 2 1 30 4 2 60 6 8 3 4 VO 1 120 10 5 ISO 12 6 180 Hinh S Do thi S-S(t) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G DAI HQC PHAM VAN D O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van toe ehuyin dpng ciia doan tau (v ^ 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoat dpng 2 3, 2 4 2 3 Kit qud vi ndng luc sdng tgo cua hpc sinh sau cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiem Sau qua trinh dua cac boat dpng trai nghiem vao npi dung chii dk day hpc tren va mpt so chii de kbde a phan dpng hpc, chiing toi lap bang danh gia va so sanh cac bilu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, tbSy rSng cSp dp sang tao ciia HS dIu dugc nang len ro ret, cu thi qua cac bang 4, 5 nhu sau: Bdng 4 Ihdng ki NLST cua 10 HS tru&c khi thuc hiin eac hogt dpng trdi nghiem (thuc hiin tgi lap lOA, THPTLe Quy Don, B6 Trgch, Qudng Binh) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Ho vk ten HS Bili Phan Phiic An Ph^m Phii An Ho Tuan Anh H6 Ho^i HoSng Anh Phan Thanh Bao Tir Nguyin Dire Cuimg Da Himg Cu6ng Nguyin Ha ChSu Nguyen Bao Chau Nguyin Trin Linh Chi Tiiu chi Rang Im: sing tao cua HS (mli tieu chi t6i da lOd) Be xudt gid thuyet, Difdodn KH 4 6 3 8 4 5 4 4 4 4 Bexudt phucmg an thi nghidm kiem tra 5 6 5 7 5 5 4 5 4 5 Thilt kl vato chiic hoat dpng 5 5 6 8 5 5 4 5 4 5 GQVB sdng Igo 6 6 7 8 6 5 5 6 6 6 Tuduy dpc lap 6 6 6 8 6 5 6 5 6 6 C6 dpng CO tat 5 5 6 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 ^chi hpc t3p t6t 5 7 5 8 5 6 5 5 5 5 Mirc miic d^ s^ng tao (tang diem toi da 70) 36 41 38 55 36 37 33 35 34 36 TT 1 2 3 4 5 Bangs Thdng ke NLST cua lOHS sau Ha vk ten HS Bili Phan Phuc An Phgm Phii An Ha Tuan Anh Hfi Hoai Hoing Anh Phan Thanh Bao TiSu chi nang lu-c Be xudt gid thuyit BIT dodn KH 1 8 6 9 7 Bixudi phuang dn Ihi nghiim kiem tra 7 7 7 9 7 khi thuc singtao c Thilt kl vato chiic hoat dang 7 8 7 9 7 hiin cdc hogt dgng trdi ngh iia HS (mli tieu chi tii da 1 Od) GQVB sdng tgo 6 8 7 10 7 Tuduy doc IJLp 6 8 6 9 8 Co d^ng cptat 6 7 6 9 8 hpc tap 7 7 6 9 7 im Mirc miicdS sing tao (tang di£m toi da 70) 46 53 45 64 51 > JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC vA C O N G NGHE • SO 18 -TRU''''O''''NG DAI HOC PHAM VAN 0 ^ ^ : ! ^ Tif Nguyen Dire Circmg D S Hung Cucmg Nguyin Ha ChSu Nguyin Bao Chau 10 Nguyin Trin Linh Chi Xem xet d6i chieu hai bang thdng ke kit qua danh gia a tren cua ban than tiing em HS trudc va sau khi tham gia cac hoat dpng trai nghiem (bang th6ng ke chi trich xuat ket qua ciia 10 HS hit ky trong t6ng s6 45 HS dugc thii nghipm) cho thiy rSng cac bieu hien vl NLST (bilu hien qua 7 tieu chl, mfii tieu chi m6 ta eac miic dp bilu hien khac nhau dugc lugng hoa toi da 10 diem) dIu tang, dilu do cho thiy kit qua qua thuc nghiem rat kha quan Dk C O can cii danh gia kit luan day dii, chiing toi cung thdng ke ddi vdi cac lap hpe tbeo phuong phap truyen thong Kit qua so sanh dIu cho thay: Nbiing HS dugc tham gja cac boat dpng trai nghiem thi NLST cao hem hin (Trong khudn kho bai bao chiing tdi khdng thi md ta chi tilt ban danh gia va eae so lieu thdng kB d day) Nbu vay, viee dua cac boat ddng trai nghidm vao thuc hien ndi dung chii de "Chuyin ddng ca hpc" ndi rieng va cac chu dl day hpc Vat li ndi ehung da ldi cuon dugc nhieu HS tham gia, lam bap dan qua trinb day hpc va qua do phat trien dugc NLST cho HS Mpt sd hinh anh khac vl boat dpng trai nghiem: Hinh 6 HS quan sdt dgc diim ehuyin dpng Hinh 7 HS nshien r,''''j^, - , hiin ddi ciia vgt qua mo hinh trdn diu ^ " 3 Kit luan Viec xay dung chuong trmh, td chiic day hoc va kilm tra danh gia K^ - • ^ nang luc cho HS la viec lam tit ylu trong qua trinh ddi mdi giao due &'''' i ^ ^ ^ ^ " NLST cd y nghTa eye ki quan trpng trong thai dai hien nay '''' '''' ''''^ '''' '''' '''' phat trien BQ mdn Vat li vdi vai tro tim hieu cac thudc tinb ciia ddi n kha nang van dung kiln thiic, kT nang vac 72 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 1 tupng Vat li A'''' luyen kha nang van dung kiln thiic, kT nang vao giai quylt cac vin dl th'''' ''''^-^ * ° ^ ^^" ^^ctiSn thi viec TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN B O N G phat triln NLST la van de duong nhien, cap thiet Be tbuc hien vin dl tren thi ndi dung chuang trinh can sap xIp thanh cac chii de va thdi gian thirc hien tuy thudc muc tieu va npi dung chii dl do Cin thuc su chii trpng cac boat dpng cua HS trong qua trinh day hpc bing each td chiic cac boat dpng trai nghiem, dac biet, can van dung chu trinh David A Kolb trong viec phat trien NLST mdt each bai ban, phu hgp vdi dieu kien tbuc te va trinh dp ciia HS Viec kiem tra danh gia cin tiln hanh timg budc, dua tren cac tieu chi, cac bilu hien hanh vi phan anh ve NLST Xuit phat tir y tudng tdt, xay dung ke hoach den trien kbai tbuc hien mdt each khoa hpc cimg vdi sir chuan bi ebu dao ve co sd vat chat va cac trang thiet bi lien quan la nhiing ylu td dam bao cho cac boat ddng trai nghiem dat ket qua mong mudn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1 Nghi quyit 29-NQ/TW ngdy 4/11/2013 Hpi nghi BCH TW 8 (khoa XI) vi ddi m&i edn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tgo 2 bttps://bigschool vn/david-a-kolb-phong-cach-hoc-tap 3 Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2018), Du thdo doi m&i chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa m&i 4 Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Tdi lieu tap hum ky ndng xdy dung vd to chdc cde hogt dpng trdi nghiem sdng tgo trong tru&ng trimg hpc, NXB Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi 5 Nguyin Van Hanh (2017), "Hpc tap trai nghiem: Mdt li thuylt hoc tap ddng vai trd trung tam trong dao tao theo nang luc", Tgp ehi KHGD tru&ng Dgi hgc Su Phgm TP H6 ChiMinh, sd 1 nam 2017 *Giang vien cao cip - Trudng D^i hpc Vinh **Sd Giao due va Dao tao tinh Quang Binh • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 73
TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C N G N G H E - S6 18 -TRU'6'NG SAI HOC PHAM V A N O Q N G V ^ DUNG CHU TRiNH TRAI NGHIEM DAVID A KOLB VAO XAY DU^G CHU DE "CHUYEN DONG CO HOC" V^T LI L^P 10 NHAM PHAT T R I E N NANG Lire SANG TAO CHO HOC SINH PGS.TS Nguyin Thi Nhi' ThS Biii Ngpe Nhdn" TOM TAT Di chudn bi triin khai chuang trinh gido due thong m&i mgt each co hiiu qud thi viic doi m&i phucmg phdp dgy hgc, tdng cuong cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiim vdo mon hpc nhdm hirong din phdt triin ndng lire cho hpc sinh (HS) trin ca s& chuang trinh sdch gido khoa hien hdnh Id viic ldm hit sire edn thiet Bdi viit nghien ciru van dung mo hinh trdi nghiem David A Kolb cimg v&i nhirng vdn de vi dgy hpc phdt trien ndng luc di thiit ke ede ngi dung hogt dgng trdi nghiim vdo ehu de "Chuyin dpng ca hpc" chuang trinh Vgt li l&p 10 THPT hiin hdnh Thong qim kit qud ddnh gid thir nghiem trin lop hgc vi su tien bp cua hpc sinh, di xudt mpt so biin phdp to ehiie hogt dpng trdi nghidm dgy hpc mon Vgt li nhdm phdt triin ndng luc sdng tgo ddp img mue tiiu ehirang trinh gido dgc thong m&i Tu khoa: Chu trinh David A Kolb, chuyin dpng ca hgc, phat ttiln nang lyc Dat v4n dl Day hpc hudng din phat ttiln nang Iuc cho hpc sinb la myc tieu cdt loi ttong tien trinh dii mdi gido due phd thdng hi?n Muln phat ttiln nang luc thi phdi doi mdi phuong phdp day hpc mdt cdch ttiet dl, phdi thyc su coi ttpng vai tto ngudi hgc la chu thi chinh ttong qua ttinh boat dgng Nghi quylt 29-NQ/TW 4/11/2013 vl dii mdi can ban, toan dien giao dye va ddo tgo da chi ro: " Doi vdi giao dye thong, tap ttung phat triln tri tue, thi chdt, hinh phdm chdt, nang luc cdng ddn" [I ] Mac ddu nhilu nam qua chiing ta da triln khai nhilu chuong ttinh tir doi mdi phucmg phap dgy hgc, kilm tta danh gid din ling dung cdng ngha thong tin vao cong tdc quan Ii nhdm nhanh ehong dii mdi nln giao due nudc nhd, song ket qua vdn chua dugc nhu mong dpi He thong gido due mang nang tinh bao cdp vd khep kin da tao nen mot sire i qud Idn trudc nhirng yeu cdu ddi hoi ciia sy thay ddi Tir ngi dung chucmg ttinh, thdi gian triln khai thyc hien, hinh thiic kilm tta ddnh gid va co chl van hanh hg thing deu thieu dgng lyc cho su ddi mdi Dac biet, hudng din muc tieu phdt ttien ndng lyc HS thi dgi ngu giao vien thudng rdt Iiing tting, khong bilt xdy dyng, thilt ke cac boat dgng dgy hgc, khong biet each t l chiic hgc tap cho HS va khong biet Iam thi nao dl HS co dieu kien b5c Ip khd ndng ciia mmh Tren ca sd nghien ciru van dyng mo hinh ttai nghiem David A Kolb ket hgp vdi viec day hgc nhdm phdt ttiln nang luc vao thuc t l mon hgc Vdt Ii, bdi viet dua cac bien phdp xdy dyng md hmh hoat dgng ttdi nghiem dp dung vdo tiln ttinh day hgc hudng • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 65 TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C O N G NGHE - SO 18 - TRU-CyNG DAI HOC PHAM V A N $ ^ din phdt ttiln nang lyc sang tao (NLST) cho HS, cy thi vdi chii de: "Chuyin dgng co hgc", qua do, Iam ca sd van dung vdo cdc chu dl day hgc khac, ding thdi, bdi viit cung gop phdn nang cao nhan thiic, ttinh dg chuyen mdn cho dgi ngu gido vien ttong viec to chiic dgy hgc phat trien NLST, dap ung yeu cdu dii mdi gido due hien Ngi dung 2.1 Chu trinh trdi nghiim David A Kolb vd viee thie't ki mo hinh hogt dgng trdi nghiem cho hoc sinh Vdi chu ttmh trai nghiem David A Kolb thi ttung tdm ciia no thi hien qua mo hinh hgc tip ttai nghiem gIm bin giai dogn: Kinh nghiim cu thi (hgc tap thong qua cdc hoat dgng, hanh vi, thao tac cy thi, tryc tilp gan vdi boi cdnh thuc te); Quan sdt phdn dnh (hgc tap thong qua quan sdt cdc hoat dgng ngudi khde thyc hien hoac chiem nghiem lai ban than, suy ngSm va due kit nbiing y tudng ttdi nghiem mdi); Khdi niim hoa triru tugng (hgc tap thong qua viec xay dung cdc khdi niem, tong hgp va phan tich nhihig ^ quan sat dugc) vd Thd nghidm (hpc tdp thdng qua nhiing dl xudt, thii n^iSm cdc phuong dn gidi quylt van dl) Chu ky thudng bdt ddu vdi su tham gia cua ca nhan HS bdng ttai nghiem cu thi HS phan dnh kinh nghiem tii nhieu quan diem, tim hilu ^ nghia cua nd Trong phan dnh nay, HS nit cac kit luan hop ly (khai niem trim tugng) vd co thi them vao kit lugn eiia minh vl cau ttiic ly thuylt ciia ngudi khac Nhiing kit ludn va xdy dung hudng dan cac quylt dinh vd hdnh dgng (thii nghi?m tich cue) ddn din cdc kinh nghiem mdi va bdt ddu mgt chu trinb hgc tap mdi Cac ttyc cua hinh dai dien cho hai ehilu ciia nhiem vu hgc tap Chilu dpc (trai nghiem cu thi din khdi ni?m ttim tugng) dai dien cho ddu vao ciia thdng tin la ttyc chuyin hod nhgn thiic Chilu ngang (quan sat phan chilu din thii nghiem tich cue) dk cap din viec xu ly thdng tin la tryc chuyin hod hanh dgng (Hinh 1) [21 -i^^ KinhnEhiemcutl r\ c Thirfinghi i Phanfcy TKur nghiem tich c iin/naliihii mm ;ar Hanh dong thUyfnlHW lli'uA il6ni; •ti Ofinghoa iuyioU'vo Hpity Siy> r.glnmiha !c nghsm m h6a triru ti/wng Hinh Chu trinh Irai nghiem cug DgvidKolb 66 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY < TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - S6 18 -TRUC^NG BAI HQC PHAM V A N O O N G Hoat dgng trdi nghiem chinh la Ii thuyet hgc tgp dong vai ttd ttung tdm ttong dao tgo theo ndng lyc, bdi vi no chl eac boat dgng hgc tap cu thi ciia HS dl phat ttiln kinh nghi?m nen tang (hay kinh nghiem cu the) hudng din muc tieu dao tgo, "thong qua do, chuyin hoa nhirng kinh nghiem da ttai qua tti thiic mdi, hieu biet mdi, kT ndng mdi gop phdn phdt huy tiem ndng sang tao va khd ndng thich ling vdi cu6c song, moi trudng va nghi nghiep tuong Iai" [3][4] Van dung ehu trinh ciia Kolb vd ket hgp mo hinh cdu true nang lyc theo cdc phdn kmh nghiem xa hgi ciia Ddng Thanh Hung thi co dupc mo hinh hogt dpng trdi nghidm va sy phdt ttien ndng luc eiia HS (Hinh 2) [5], tii cd the thiet ke hoat dpng hgc tap cho HS ttai qua cac giai doan ttai nghiem vdi cac bieu hien ve ndng lyc Cam, nang lyc Hilu, nang lyc Ldm Viec bdt ddu tii giai doan nao cho phii hpp va c6 hieu qua se tiiy vao ngi dung, dac dilm ciia HS (phong each hgc) hoac myc tieu day hgc Nhiem vu cua gido vien la phdi xdc dinh kinh nghiem von cd cua HS, tir thilt ke cac nhiem vu hpc tap ttong viing phdt trien gan va tgo mdi trudng hgc tap tuong tdc de HS tu lye hpc tap, chuyen boa kinh nghiem mdi cho ban than hg CAM xiic {Footing! cvt»f O -^ SmX < i Thinkjf>g) V^ **i Kh4inl*nihAa I /J tnlnj tiring I Nang lire Singt90 Hinh Md hinh hoat dgng trdi nghiem ciia Kolb vd stf phdt triin ndng luc ciia HS Hgc tap se xuit phat tir mpt man thuan giiia Kinh nghiem cu the va Khai niem hoa triiu tuong, cung chinh la mau thuIn giua eai da biet va cai chua biet HS sir dung cac Icmh nghiem nSn tang da co ii trai nghiem cac tinh hu6ng thuc nham giai quySt vSn d6, left qua cua cac gia tri thuc tS eiia kinh nghiem nSn tang dugc phan xet bai tu s8 dua d6n nhttng y tucmg mcH, each lam moi va c6 gjng ap dung thu nghiem nhiing y tudng moi dS giai quySt van dS, tir HS due rtit kinh nghiem moi va nhOng kmh • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 67 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S 18 - TRU-^yNG PAI HQC PHAM V A N D ^ ^ I ^ nghiem ndy se dugc sii dyng cho Idn trdi nghiem tilp theo Qua ttinh lien tyc dien theo hinh xodn dc se dua kinh nghiem nln tdng da co phdt ttiln, hudng din myc tieu dao tao Qua moi chu trmh hgc tap, HS se phat triln cac nang lyc Hilu, Lam, Cdm va Sang tao Sy phdt ttien va hap nhdt cia cdc ndng lyc Hilu, Ldm, Cdm se Id tiln dl cho sU phat triln nang lyc Sang tao, dua HS len ttinh dp mdi, cd duac nang lyc mdi sau moi chu trinh hgc tap, hudng din muc tieu dao tao Theo mo hinh tten, chiing ta cd the thilt kl nhilu mo hinh boat dgng ttdi nghiem co muc tieu, npi dung hpc tap phii hop ddc diem HS va each dgy hgc ciia gido vien Doi vai viec dgy hgc Vat li, ta cd thi thilt ke cdc md hmh Cdm - Hilu - Lam; Hilu - Lam - Cam Nang lyc Hilu dugc phdt ttiln qua hai giai dogn hpc tap Id Quan sat phdn dnh va Khai niem hoa ttim tugng, nen md hinh thilt kl bai hgc Hieu - Ldm - Cdm c6 hai mo hinh nho: Mo hinh thiit ki bdi hpe Hieu (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm vd Mo hinh thiit ke bdi hoc Hiiu (Khdi niim hoa triru tugng) - Lam - Cdm Mo hinh Cam - Hilu - Lam phu hgp cho tien trinh khdi dgng, hinh thdnh kien thiic, vdi viec dgy hgc tim toi, kham phd Qua kinh nghi?m cu thi, HS cdm nhan dugc van de cdn tim toi kham pha Qud ttinh quan sat, suy ngdm, triiu tugng hoa tri thiic se phat trien ndng luc Hilu, tir do, qua thir nghiem - thuc hanh dan den phat ttiln nang Iuc Lam Mo hinh thiet kS bai hgc Hieu - Lam - Cam phu hgp cho viec hinh thdnh ciing co kien thiic, vdi mo hinh nay, viec hgc tap duacbdt ddu bdng viec HS sii dung kinh nghiem dd CO dl quan sdt hoat dpng ciia ngudi khde hoac cua chinh ban thdn minh ttong nhiing sy kien, tinh huong, bdng chiing thyc tl Qua do, hg suy ngam nhdm kit noi nhirng kmh nghiem da cd din nhiing kiln thiic mdi ttong mSi ngi dung hg tap Tir nhimg kiln thiic mdi do, HS tien hanh thii nghiem va ren luyen dl co dupc kinh nghiem mdi ding thdi Cling c6 khde sau kien thiic da hinh 2.2 Thirc hdnh mo hinh trdi nghiem mgl sd ngi dung chii di "Chuyin dong co hpe " Vgt lilO Tren ca sd md hinh khung thilt kl tten, gido vien c6 thi can cii vao myc tieu, npi dung chu dl, dieu ki6n thyc te vd ttinh dp HS dl cu thi boa cdc ngi dung hoat dpng ttdi nghiem gan lien vdi chu de dgy hgc cua minh, Ddi vdi ehii dl: "Chuyin dong co hoc", van dyng md hinh thilt kl bai hgc Hilu - Lam - Cam, xdy dyng mgt so npi dung, ttin ttinh hoat dgng ttai nghiem cu th^ h bdng Ngi dung 1: Hinh ky ndng xdc dinh vdn tic mot to Ph,r™, *• - ••"- 'iiLiungtien hoc lieu nhu da neu a bangl Hnh thirc to chiic hoat dong theo nhom hoc sinh t h " ' ' ' •' HS quan sat, thao luan dac diem chuygn dpng to tren mo hinh-fh^ quan he giUa dai luang van t6c vai quang duang va thai gian; IJp phuon'o '""^ ' ™?' va thuc hanh tinh gia tri vSn t6c (pha hoat dong tuang ling cac hoat ri- ^ ^^" ^°^ tten khung thift k6) Qua phi6u hgc tap HS thu dugc bang gia tri nhu bans "* ' ' '^ 68 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGH£ - SO 18 - T R y p N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN D O N G Bang Khung thiet ki Hieu - Ldm - Can- v&i ehu di: "Chuyin dgng ca hpc" \ Hoat Hoat dgng hpc \ dOng Khdi Thu nghiim Hoat Hoc lieu, Quan sdt, niem hod nghiim eg thi dong phmmg tien Noi \ phdn dnh day hoc dung \ triru thoi gian tugng Ngi Hogt Hogt Hogt Hoat Hoat Mo hinh dung 1: dOng 1.1 dpng 1.2 dpng 1.3 dpng 1.4 dpng chuyen ddng to Hinh HS quan HS thong HS thuc HS thu Thdy thdnh ky sat nhdt ve hdnh tmh dugc kinh hudng - Dung cu nang xdc chuyen moi quan vdn tdc nghiem ve dan, tto thdi gian qua dinh van dpng to he s, V, t bdng cdng cac dai thyc hi^n cdng quang toe mgt thdo lugn vdt Iam thiic: V lupng md hoc 6t6 dgc diem moc =s/t td chuyen moi quan phuang dpng vd - Phieu hoc he s, V, t an tinh pp xdc tdp van tdc dinh vdn toe 25 ph Ngi Hogt Hogt Hoat Hoat Hoat - Doan video dung 2: dpng 2.3 dpng 2.4 dgng chuyen dgng dpng 2.1 dpng 2.2 dodn tau Ciing cl HS Idp kl HS CO Thay - Thudc kiln HS quan HS hinh hogch duoc kinh hudng chieu dai, thiic, ky thuc hien nghiem cu ddn, ttd ding ho nang: sdt qua thanb xac dinh the, cdm thuc hien thdi gian Quan sat vdn tdc nhdn mdi - Phieu hoc ve dd thi video thing chuyen lam CO sd tdp s(t); xac dgng cua chu ki dinh van thdo lugn nhdt dodn tdu tiep theo 20 ph toe dodn phdn tich phuang tau ddc diem an ve dd ehuyin thi s(t); ddng van toe Bdng Sd lieu thu duoc sau moi Idn a noi dung Ldndo Thai gian (s) 4,9 4,8 5,0 5,3 5,0 5,1 S(cm) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khoang each giira cdng quang hgc xem nhu khdng doi nen van toe trung binh co the dugc tinh nbu sau: vib=s/ttb = 100cm/5s =20cm/s = 0,2m/s Cd nhom ttao ddi md rdng cac cdch thdi gian, xac djnh van toe vd khde sau kien thiic (pha hogt dgng ndy tuang img cdc boat dgng 1.3; 1.4 tten khung thiet ke) • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C Q N G N G H E - S O 18 - TRLfgyNG PAI HOC PHAM VAN_gONG _ nghiem se dugc sii dung cho Idn ttdi nghiem tilp theo Qud ttinh ndy lien tuc dien theo hinh xodn oc se dua kinh nghiem nen tang da co phdt ttien, hudng din muc tieu dao tgo Qua mli chu ttinh hpc tap, HS se phdt triln cac nang lyc Hilu, Lam, Cam va Sang tao Su phdt ttiln va hop nhdt ciia cac nang luc Hilu, Lam, Cam se la tiln dl cho su phdt ttiln nang lyc Sang tao, dua HS len ttinh dp mdi, co dupc nang luc mdi sau moi chu trinh hgc tap, huong den muc tieu ddo tgo Theo mo hinh tt6n, chiingtaco thi thiet kl nhieu mo hinh boat dgng ttai nghidm cd muc tieu, ngi dung hgc tap phii hpp ddc dilm HS va each dgy hgc ciia gido vien Doi vdi viec dgy hpc Vat H, ta co thi thilt kl cac mo hinh Cam - Hilu - Lam; Hilu - Lam - Cdm Nang lyc Hilu dupc phdt ttiln qua hai giai doan hpc tap Id Quan sat phdn dnh vd Khdi niem hoa ttim tugng, nen mo hmh thilt ke bdi hgc Hieu - Ldm - Cam co hai mo hinh nho: Mo hinh thiit ki bdi hgc Hiiu (Quan sdt phdn dnh) - Ldm - Cdm vd Mo hinh thiet ki bdi hpe Hiiu (Khdi niim hoa triru tugng) - Ldm - Cdm M6 hinh Cam - Hieu - Ldm phu hpp cho tiln trinh khdi ddng, hinh kien thiic, vdi viec dgy hgc tim toi, kham phd Qua kinh nghiem cu the, HS cam nhdn dupc van de cdn tun toi kham phd Qud ttinh quan sat, suy ngam, trim tupng boa tri thirc se phdt trien nang lyc Hieu, tir do, qua thii nghiem - thyc hdnh dan den phdt ttiln nang lyc Lam Mo hinh thilt kl bai hpc Hieu - Lam - Cam phii hgp cho viec hinh thdnh ciing cd kiln thiic, vdi mo hinh nay, viec hgc tap dugcbdt ddu bdng viec HS su dung kinh nghiem da CO de quan sdt boat dgng ciia ngudi khac hoac ciia chinh bdn than mmh ttong nhiing sy kien, tinh hudng, bdng chiing thuc tl Qua do, hg suy ngdm nhdm kit nli nhimg kmh nghiem da co din nhiing kiln thiic mdi ttong mli ngi dung hp tap Tir nhimg kiln thirc mdi do, HS tiln hdnh thir nghiem va ren luyen dl c6 dupc kinh nghiem mdi ddng thdi cung cd khde sdu kien thuc da hinh thdnh 2.2 Thirc hdnh mo hinh trdi nghiem mot s6 ngi dung chu dk "Chuyin dgng co hpe" Vgt mo Tren ca sd mo hinh kbung thilt kl tt€n, gido vien co thi can cu vdo muc tieu ngi dung chu dl, dieu kien thyc te vd ttinh dp HS dl cy thi hoa cac ngi dung boat dpng ttdi nghiem gan lien vdi chii de day hgc cua minh DSi vai ehu dS: "Chuyin dong eo hpc", van dung mo hinh thilt kS bai hoc Hilu - Lam - Cim, xay dung mgt so ngi dung, tiln ttinh hoat dgng ttai nghiem, cu thi nhu bang Ngi dung 1: Hinh ky nang xac dinh van tic mpt to Phiron f" nhu da neu d bdng Hinh thiic t l chiic hoat dgng theo nhom hfir dni, *u- •^"' °'^ '^" • ^^""' *"0'' gian 25 phiit HS quan sat, thdo ludn dac dilm chuyin dong to tten mft v,' i, , - L - •-• j - i - »- •• • * '"^i thong nhdt "' moi quan he giua dgi lupng van toe ven quang duong vd thdi gian; Ign phu ' • wvdi tthhiTyfc dhda nn hh Htinnhh goiind ttrtii vv5ann tfAore- C(pnhhpa bh no^att dAAp^ng naAy,, t4uong l,ing cdc h ^ " ttnh vvadn tdc tren khung thilt kl) Qua philu hgc tap HS thu dugc bang gid tti nhu bdn" ? "^"^ ' ' ^' ^ '^ » JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CONG NGHS - S 16 - TRLftyNG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B N G Bang Khung thiit ki Hiiu- Ldm - Cdm vai chu de: 'Chuyen dpng ca hpc" \ Hoat Ho^t dong hpc \ d§ng Khdi Thir nghiem Ho?t Hoc lieu, Quan sdt, niim hod nghiim eg the ddng phtnmg ti|n, N9i \ phdn dnh day hpc dung \ truu thoi gian tugng Ngi Hogt Hogt Hogt Hoat Hoat - Mo hinh dung 1: dpng 1.1 d0ng 1.2 dgng 1.3 dpng 1.4 dpng chuyen dgng otd Hinh HS quan HS thing HS thuc HS thu Thdy ky sdt nhdt v l hanh tinh duoc kinh hudng - Dung cy ndng xdc chuyen moi quan van t6c nghiem ve din, ttd thdi gian qua djnh v ^ dgng to, h8 s, V, t bang cong cac dgi thuc hien cong quang toe mdt thdo ludn vdt Iam thiic: v lupng md hoc to dgc diem moc -s/t ta chuyen moi quan phuong dgng vd - Phieu hgc he s, V, t an tinh pp xac tap van toe dinh vgn toe 25 ph Npi Hogt Hoat Hogt Hoat Hoat - Dogn video dung 2: dpng 2.1 dpng 2.2 dpng 2.3 dpng 2.4 dpng chuyin dgng doan tau Cung cl HS quan HS hinh HS lgp kl HS cd Thdy - Thudc kiln sat qua thdnh hoach dugc kinh hudng chieu ddi thiic, ky video thing thuc hien nghiem cu din, tto ddng ho nang: thdo ludn nhdt xac dinh thi, cam thyc hi?n thai gian Quan sdt phan tich phucmg van toe nbdn radi - Phieu hoc ve dl thi ddc diem an ve chuyen ldm ca sd tap s(t); xdc chuyen thi s(t); ddng ciia chu ki djnh van ddng van dodn tdu tiep theo 20 ph toe dodn toe tau Bdng Sd lieu thu duac sau mdi Idn a ngi dung l i n Thai gian (s) 4,9 4,8 5,0 5,3 5,0 5,1 S(cm) 100 100 100 100 100 100 Khoang each giua cdng quang hgc xem nhu khong dii nen van toe trang binh cd thi dugc tmh nhu sau: Vtb=s/ttb = 100cm/5s =20cm/s = 0,2m/s Ca nhom ttao doi ma rgng cac each dg thoi gian, xae dinh van toe va Idiac sau kien thiSc (pha hoat dgng tuong ling cae hoat dgng 1.3; 1.4 tten khung thiet ke) > JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 69 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - S O 18 - TRU'O'NG DAI HOC PHAM V A N j ^ I l J ^ Hinh HSXdc dinh ede dgi lugng mo Hinh HS quan sdt chuyin dpng dodn tdu td chuyin dpng & npi dung frong hogt dpng ngi dung Ngi dung 2: Ciing c6 kiln thiic, ky nang; Quan sat ve thi s(t); xac dinh van toe doan tau (sd dyng hiiA thiic ttdi nghiem mo phong) Phuang tien, hgc lieu nhu da liet ke d bang Hinh thiic to chiic hoat dgng theo nhom hpc sinh, thdi gian 20 phiit (Thay vl quan sat tten thyc tl HS dugc quan sdt tt8n man hinh va khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi Idn: 10cm = 30m) Hgc sinh quan sat qua video dodn tau di qua cdu nhip, mdi nhip each 30m, lap kl hoach (tuong img cac boat dgng 2.1; 2.2); HS tiln hanh vathu dugc bang si lieu sau (bang 3): Bang So lieu tim dupe sau moi lan & npi dimg t(s) 18 10 12 So nhip cSu S(m) 30 60 90 120 150 180 Hinh S Bo thi S^Sft) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONS NGHE - SO 18 - T R y & N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN e6NG HS ve thi, tinh van tac chuy6n dgng cua doan tau (v = 15m/s) - ttiong ling cac hoat d§ng 2.3, 2.4 2.3 Kit qud vi ndng lire sdng tgo cua hoc sinh sau cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim Sau qui ttinh dua eae hoat dgng ttai nghiem vao ngi dung chu dS day hgc tten va m6t so chii de khac a phSn dgng hge, chiing toi lap bang danh gia va so sanh cac biSu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, th^y rSng cSp sang tao ciia HS d6u dugc nang len ro ret, cu the qua eae bang 4, nhu sau: Bang Thdng ke NLST cua WHS trudc thuc hien cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiem (thuc hien tgi lap lOAi THPTLe Quy Ddn, Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) Ti6u chi nang lyc sing tgo cua HS (m6i tieu chf t6i da lOd) Mirc mirc d$ TT Ho vi ten HS Be xual Bi xudl ThiSt kl GOVB C6 YchI sing tgo gid phucmg vit6 sdng Tuduy dOng hpc an thi chiic catot t^p (tang Ihuyei, nghidm hoat dgc lap tat diem tai Bu dodn kiem tra dOng IQO da 70) KH Bdi Phan Phuc An 6 36 Phgm Phu An H6 Tuan Anh 6 41 Ho Ho^ Hodng Anh Phan Thanh Bao 38 Tir Nguyin Diic Cu6iig D§ Hdng Ctrdng S 55 NguySn Ha ChSu Nguyin Bao Chau 6 36 10 Nguyen Trin Linh Chi 5 37 33 35 6 34 6 36 Bang S Thdng ki NLST eiia 10 HS sau thuc hiin cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiin Tieu chi nSng li^c sing tao cua HS (moi tieu chi toi da lOd) Mirc mirc d$ Be xudt Be xuat Thilt kl Ychi s^ng TT H9 vk ten HS gid phucmg va to GOVB Tuduy Co hpc tao thuyel, dn thi chiic sdng d$ng (tflng Bif dodn nghiem hoat tgo d$c lap ccrtot tep diem toi tat KH dpng da 70} I Bdi Phan Phiic An 6 46 Phgm Phii An Ho Tuan Anh 8 53 Ha Hoai Ho4ng Anh Phan Thanh Bao 45 10 64 S 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C Q N G NGHE - SO 18 -TRU'O'NG PAI HQC PHAM V A N j ^ ! ^ Hinh HSXdc dinh cdc dgi Iugng mo Hinh HS quan sdt ehuyin dpng dodn tdu td chuyin dgng a npi dung ^^ong hogt dpng npi dung Noi dung 2: Cung c6 kign thuc, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac djnh van toe doan tau (sit dyng hinh thiic trai nghiem mo phong) PhuoTig tien, hpc li|u nhu da liet ke a bang Hinh thuc t6 chiic hoat dpng theo nhom hgc sinh, thai gian 20 phut (Tbay vi quan sat tren thuc tk HS ducrc quan sat tren man hinh va khoang each theo ty le tren man binh ti vi lan:10cm = 30ra) Hoc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cau nhip, m6i nhip each 30m, lapkgboachdo (tucmg ting cac boat dgng 2.1; 2.2); HS tiln hanb va thu dugc bang s6 Ii$u sau (bang 3): Bdng So lieu thu dupc sau moi idn a npi dung t(s) 10 12 S6 nhip cau S(m) 30 60 90 120 150 180 Hinh S Bo thi S=S(t) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C O N G N G H E - SO 18 -TRU'O'NG DAI HOG PHAM VAN D O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van t6c cbuyen dpng cua doan tau (v = 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoatdpng2.3, 2.4 2.3 Kit qud ve ndng lue sdng tgo eua hoc sinh sau cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim Sau qua trinh dua cac ho^t dpng trai nghiem vao npi dung cbii de day hpc tren va mOt so chii dg khac a phan dpng hoc, chiing toi l|.p bang danh gia va so sanh cac biSu hi^n hknh vi sang t^o ciia HS, thdy rSng c4p dp sang tao ciia HS deu dupc nang len ro ret, cu thi qua cac bang 4, nhu sau: Bdng Thdng l!£ NLST eua 10 HS tru&e thuc hiin cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiim (thuc hien tgi l&p lOAj THPT Li Quy Don Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) Tieu chi nSng lire sdng tao ciia HS (mli tieu chi toi da lOd) Mirc mih:dQ TT Ho vS ten HS Be xudt Bexudt Thilt ki GQVB Tuduy Co Ychi sang t^o gid phuang \kt6 sdng dpc lap dOng hpc an chi chile tgo CO tat tap (tang thuyel, nghim hogt tat diem tai Budodn kiem era dpng da 70) KH Bui Phan Phiic An 36 Pham Phu An H6 TuSn Anh 41 H6 Ho^i Hoang Anh Phan Thanh Bao 38 Ttr Nguyin Diic Cudng Da Hiing Cuong 55 Nguyen Ha Chdu Nguyin Bao Chau 36 10 Nguyen Tran Linh Chi 37 33 35 34 36 Bang Thong ke NLST cug WHS sau thuc hien cac hogt dong trdi nghiem Ti6u chi nang lyc sing tao ciia HS (mai tieu chi tai da lOd) Mirc mircd$ TT Hfl v i tSn HS Be xudt Bexudt Thilt ke GQVB Tuduy Co YchI gia phuang vato sdng dpc l|.p dpng hpc sdng dn Chi chiic tgo CO tat tap t^o Ihuyic nghiem ho?it t6t (tang Bu dodn kiem tra dang di6m toi da 70) KH Biii Phan Phiic An 46 Ph^m Phii An H6 Tuin Anh 53 H6 Ho&i Hoang Anh Phan Thanh Bao 45 !0 64 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G DA' HQC PHAM V A N ^ ^ ^ j S ^ ffinft HSXdc dinh cdc dai lugng mo Hinh HS quan sdt chuyin dgng dodn tdu td ehuyin dpng a ngi dung ^o^S hogt dpng noi dung NOi dung 2: Ciing c6 kiln thiic, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac dinh van toe doan tau (sii dung binh thiic ttai nghiem mo phong) Phuong tien, hoc lieu nhu da lipt ke bang Hinh thiic t6 chiic bo^t dpng tbeo nhom hpc sinh, thai gian 20 phiit (Thay vi quan sat tr6n thuc tk HS duac quan sat tren man hinh va khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi lon: 10cm = 30m) Hgc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cSu nhip, m6i nhjp each 30m, l^pke hoach (tuong ling cac boat dong 2.1; 2.2); HS tien hanh va thu dugc bang so lieu sau (bang 3): Bdng S6 lieu thu duac sau moi lan a ngi dung t(s) ' 10 12 S6 nhip cau S(m) 30 60 90 120 150 180 Hinh Do thi S=S(t) 70 ã JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ô TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA C O N G NGHg - SO 18 -TRU'O'NG BAI HQC PHAM V A N O O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van t6c chuySn dong ciia doan tau (v = 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoat dpng 2.3, 2.4 2.3 Kit qud ve ndng luc sdng tgo cua hpc sinh sau cde hogt dgng trdi nghiem Sau qua trinh dua cac hoat dpng trai nghiem vao noi dung cbii dk day hpc tren va mpt so chii de khac a phan dpng hpc, chiing toi lip bang danh gia va so sanh cae biSu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, thay rSng cdp dp sang tao ciia HS dku dugc nang len ro ret, cu the qua cac bang 4, nhu sau: Bdng Thdng ke NLST cua 10 HS tru&c thgc hien ede hogt dpng trdi nghiem (thuc hiin tgi lap lOA; THPT Li Quy Don, Bd Trgch, Qudng Binh) Tieu chi nSng lyc s^ng t^o ciia HS (m3i tieu chf t6i da lOd) Miic Be xudt BS xudt Thilt kl m&c dS TT HQ va tEn HS gid phuong vato GOVB Co Ychi s^ng t^o Ihuyet, dn Ihi chiic sdng Tuduy dOiig hpc (tong Budodn nghidm ho^t tgo dac l§p CO tat tgp diem tai tat da 70) KH kiem tra dpng Bui Phan Phiic An 6 36 Ph^m Phii An 6 41 Ha Tuan Anh 38 Ha HoM Hoang Anh 8 55 Phan Thanh Bao 6 36 Tir Nguyin Diic Cutmg 5 37 Da Hiing Cuong 33 Nguyen Ha Chau 35 Nguyen Bao Chau 6 34 10 Nguyin Tran Linh Chi 6 36 Bang Thdng ke NLST ciia lOHSsau thuc Men cdc hogt dgng trdi nghiem Tieu chi nSng lire sang tao ciia HS (mSi tieu chi t6i da lOd) Mii^ mirz dg TT Hp va ten HS DSxuat De xudt ThiSt ke GQVD Tuduy Co Ychi gia phmfitg vato sdng dec isp dong hgc s^ng dn thi chirc IQO colSt tSp tao Ihuyit, ngiii?m ho?t t6t (tong Dudodn tciem tra dgng diem tfli da 70) KH I Bili Phaji Phiic An 6 46 Pham Phu An Ho T u ^ Anh 8 53 H Hoii Hotog Anh Phan Thanh Bao 45 10 64 51 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U - Q N G BAI HQC PHAM V A N ^ | ^ mnh HSXdc dinh cde dgi lugng mo Hinh HS quan sdt ehuyin dong dodn tdu td ehuyin dpng a npi dung I l^ong hogt dpng npi dung Noi duog 2: Ciing c6 ki6n thiic, ky nang: Quan sat ve d6 thi s(t); xac djnh van toe doan tau (sii dung hinh thu:c ttai nghiem mo phong) Phuang tien, hpc lieu nhu da liet kS a bang Hinh thiic to chiic boat dong tbeo nhom hpc smh, thai gian 20 phiit (Thay vi quan sat tren thuc te HS duoc quan sat tren man hinh va khoang each theo ty le tren man hinh ti vi lon: 10cm = 30m) Hpc sinh quan sat qua video doan tau di qua cau nhip, moi nhip each 30m, lap kl hoach (tuang ling cac boat dpng 2.1; 2.2); HS ti6n hanh va thu dugc bang so lieu sau (bang 3); Bdng S6 lieu thu dugc sau mdi Idn a ngi dung t(s) 10 12 So nhip can S(ra) 30 60 VO 120 ISO 180 Hinh S Do thi S-S(t) 70 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY « TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G DAI HQC PHAM VAN D O N G HS ve d6 thi, tinh van toe ehuyin dpng ciia doan tau (v ^ 15m/s) - tuong ling cac hoat dpng 2.3, 2.4 2.3 Kit qud vi ndng luc sdng tgo cua hpc sinh sau cdc hogt dpng trdi nghiem Sau qua trinh dua cac boat dpng trai nghiem vao npi dung chii dk day hpc tren va mpt so chii de kbde a phan dpng hpc, chiing toi lap bang danh gia va so sanh cac bilu hien hanh vi sang tao ciia HS, tbSy rSng cSp dp sang tao ciia HS dIu dugc nang len ro ret, cu thi qua cac bang 4, nhu sau: Bdng Ihdng ki NLST cua 10 HS tru&c thuc hiin eac hogt dpng trdi nghiem (thuc hiin tgi lap lOA, THPTLe Quy Don, B6 Trgch, Qudng Binh) Tiiu chi Rang Im: sing tao cua HS (mli tieu chi t6i da lOd) Mirc miic d^ TT Ho vk ten HS Be xudt Bexudt Thilt kl GQVB Tuduy C6 ^chi s^ng tao gid phucmg vato sdng dpc lap dpng hpc (tang an thi chiic Igo CO tat t3p diem toi thuyet, nghidm hoat da 70) Difdodn kiem tra dpng t6t KH Bili Phan Phiic An 6 36 Ph^m Phii An Ho Tuan Anh 6 41 H6 Ho^i HoSng Anh Phan Thanh Bao 38 Tir Nguyin Dire Cuimg Da Himg Cu6ng 8 55 Nguyin Ha ChSu Nguyen Bao Chau 6 36 10 Nguyin Trin Linh Chi 5 37 33 35 6 34 6 36 Bangs Thdng ke NLST cua lOHS sau thuc hiin cdc hogt dgng trdi ngh im TiSu chi nang lu-c singtao c iia HS (mli tieu chi tii da Od) Mirc miicdS Be xudt Bixudi Thilt kl sing TT Ha vk ten HS gid phuang vato GQVB Tuduy Co hpc tao thuyit dn Ihi chiic sdng d^ng (tang doc IJLp tap BIT dodn nghiim hoat tgo cptat di£m toi KH kiem tra dang da 70) Bili Phan Phuc An 6 46 Phgm Phii An Ha Tuan Anh 8 53 Hfi Hoai Hoing Anh Phan Thanh Bao 45 10 64 51 > JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 71 TAP CHi KHOA HOC vA C O N G NGHE • SO 18 -TRU'O'NG DAI HOC PHAM VAN ^ ^ : ! ^ Tif Nguyen Dire Circmg D S Hung Cucmg Nguyin Ha ChSu Nguyin Bao Chau 10 Nguyin Trin Linh Chi Xem xet d6i chieu hai bang thdng ke kit qua danh gia a tren cua ban than tiing em HS trudc va sau tham gia cac hoat dpng trai nghiem (bang th6ng ke chi trich xuat ket qua ciia 10 HS hit ky t6ng s6 45 HS dugc thii nghipm) cho thiy rSng cac bieu hien vl NLST (bilu hien qua tieu chl, mfii tieu chi m6 ta eac miic dp bilu hien khac dugc lugng hoa toi da 10 diem) dIu tang, dilu cho thiy kit qua qua thuc nghiem rat kha quan Dk CO can cii danh gia kit luan day dii, chiing toi cung thdng ke ddi vdi cac lap hpe tbeo phuong phap truyen thong Kit qua so sanh dIu cho thay: Nbiing HS dugc tham gja cac boat dpng trai nghiem thi NLST cao hem hin (Trong khudn kho bai bao chiing tdi khdng thi md ta chi tilt ban danh gia va eae so lieu thdng kB d day) Nbu vay, viee dua cac boat ddng trai nghidm vao thuc hien ndi dung chii de "Chuyin ddng ca hpc" ndi rieng va cac chu dl day hpc Vat li ndi ehung da ldi cuon dugc nhieu HS tham gia, lam bap dan qua trinb day hpc va qua phat trien dugc NLST cho HS Mpt sd hinh anh khac vl boat dpng trai nghiem: Hinh HS quan sdt dgc diim ehuyin dpng Hinh HS nshien r,'j^, - , hiin ddi ciia vgt qua mo hinh trdn diu ^ " Kit luan Viec xay dung chuong trmh, td chiic day hoc va kilm tra danh gia K^ - • ^ nang luc cho HS la viec lam tit ylu qua trinh ddi mdi giao due &' i ^ ^ ^ ^ " NLST cd y nghTa eye ki quan trpng thai dai hien ' ' '^ '' 'phat trien BQ mdn Vat li vdi vai tro tim hieu cac thudc tinb ciia ddi1 tupng Vat li A' luyen kha nang van dung kiln thiic, kT nang vaco giai quylt cac vin dl th' '^-^ * ° ^ ^^" ^^ctiSn thi viec 72 • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TAP CHi KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHE - SO 18 - T R U O N G BAI HOC PHAM VAN B O N G phat triln NLST la van de duong nhien, cap thiet Be tbuc hien vin dl tren thi ndi dung chuang trinh can sap xIp cac chii de va thdi gian thirc hien thudc muc tieu va npi dung chii dl Cin thuc su chii trpng cac boat dpng cua HS qua trinh day hpc bing each td chiic cac boat dpng trai nghiem, dac biet, can van dung chu trinh David A Kolb viec phat trien NLST mdt each bai ban, phu hgp vdi dieu kien tbuc te va trinh dp ciia HS Viec kiem tra danh gia cin tiln hanh timg budc, dua tren cac tieu chi, cac bilu hien hanh vi phan anh ve NLST Xuit phat tir y tudng tdt, xay dung ke hoach den trien kbai tbuc hien mdt each khoa hpc cimg vdi sir chuan bi ebu dao ve co sd vat chat va cac trang thiet bi lien quan la nhiing ylu td dam bao cho cac boat ddng trai nghiem dat ket qua mong mudn TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nghi quyit 29-NQ/TW ngdy 4/11/2013 Hpi nghi BCH TW (khoa XI) vi ddi m&i edn bdn, todn dien gido due vd ddo tgo bttps://bigschool.vn/david-a-kolb-phong-cach-hoc-tap Bp Giao due va Dao tao (2018), Du thdo doi m&i chuang trinh vd sdch gido khoa m&i Bd Giao due va Dao tao (2015), Tdi lieu tap hum ky ndng xdy dung vd to chdc cde hogt dpng trdi nghiem sdng tgo tru&ng trimg hpc, NXB Dai hpc Su pham Ha Ndi, Ha Ndi Nguyin Van Hanh (2017), "Hpc tap trai nghiem: Mdt li thuylt hoc tap ddng vai trd trung tam dao tao theo nang luc", Tgp ehi KHGD tru&ng Dgi hgc Su Phgm TP H6 ChiMinh, sd nam 2017 *Giang vien cao cip - Trudng D^i hpc Vinh **Sd Giao due va Dao tao tinh Quang Binh • JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY • 73