This graduate paper deals with the translation of a book called TRAVEL AND TOURISM PUBLIC RELATIONS, specifically Chapter 10 by author Merly Fiscal Arjona and it was first published in 2019 by Society Publishing. The theoretical background, the original version, the recommended translation, and the study of numerous challenging vocabulary and structures in the translation process are all included in this graduation paper. Furthermore, towards the end of the graduation paper, I describe certain obstacles and propose some alternatives to help students translate better.
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
Traveling is a method for people to have fun and escape the stressful lives they often lead on a daily basis In order to refresh themselves, individuals engage in a variety of workouts and activities This creates chances for the hotel sector, allowing businesses to benefit from the surroundings.
Operations managers in the hospitality sector and those in charge of finances and organizations in the tourist industry frequently work with the marketing divisions of companies because they view public relations (PR) as an effective approach to sell their hotel and the services they offer
This book educates the reader on the state of PR in the travel and tourism sector and emphasizes how crucial it is to the sector's ability to sell and attract travelers. Readers are also introduced to the subject of travel and tourism in this book It broadens the scope of tourism and clarifies the various facets and functions of the products and services offered by the tourist sector Additionally, it gave rise to a number of developments in the travel sector
The significance of transportation in the tourist sector is also mentioned in the book The book also discusses leveraging PR for the market and conveying various messages and ideas to the market It also highlights the need of developing plans for enhancing PR through social media and other channels of communication.
This book on travel and public relations is excellent The article, however,struggles to avoid flaws because of the limited research time, limited practical experience, rich research issues, and initial research familiarity I'm looking forward to the teachers' and friends' comments so I can finish this thesis as effectively as possible.
Aims and Objectives
This graduation paper has reflected my own ability in the past two years During those years, I received valuable support, help, and encouragement of my supervisor, my teachers and friends at Duy Tan University.
It helps the translator with an overview of the translation process as analytics and translations skills Hence, it helps me avoid a number of my faults in translation process.
In details, my Graduation Paper aims at:
- Collect and present basic English terms in the field of travel tourism and tourism public relations
- Provide equivalent words or expressions in Vietnamese.
- Providing travel materials and tourism public relations for Vietnamese students
In addition to giving readers a wealth of knowledge about travel, tourism, and public relations, I hope that this graduation paper will also serve as a valuable resource for translators working in the tourism industry.
I'd like to accomplish the following objectives with my graduation thesis:
- To translate text fluently and naturally
- To know how to use words and sentences which are acceptable to each specific situations
- To know concepts and conventionalities of the field through the analysis of vocabulary and sentence structures
- To give some implications and solutions in the process of translation as well as avoid basic faults
The scope of the study
Due to limited time, this article only focuses on analyzing the first 4 items of chapter 10 "The Future of Travel and Tourism" with a length of 3,943 words.
The article will also point out and analyze the difficulties that I face when translating, such as terms in the field of tourism and travel, the use of English grammar and syntax structure as well as the semantics of English translation from the field of travel tourism and tourism public relations.
The mission of this book is to provide students with a basic understanding of the many different aspects of the field of travel and tourism public relations.
This book consists of 10 chapters with 243 pages, but time is limited, so I only translate the first 4 items of chapter 10 with a length of 3,943 words
The topic of chapter 10 is "Future of Travel and Tourism Industry"
“Travel and Tourism Public Relations” is a book divided into 10 chapters and selected text from the first 4 parts of chapter 10 of the book out of a total of 6 different sections:
Chapter 10: Future Of Travel And Tourism Industry
10.2 The Future Of Travel And Tourism Industry
10.3 The Various Types of Tourism Industry
10.4 Sustainable Tourism Is The Future
10.5 Factors Influencing Future International Tourism
Method of the Study
The topic is researched based on the following methods:
- The thesis combines the use of some methods of other sciences such as textual research, problem analysis synthesis, comparison, when necessary and suitable.
- I also use Qualitative analysis method that helps develop the theoretical context, the analysis lists the difficulties through translating
- In addition, there are also the following enabling strategies: consulting the supervisor and other teachers on the subject and reading the relevant material, based on knowledge in reality.
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
Translation Theory
There are more and more definitions of translation offered by various authors, and each of them has its unique perspective on this subject Here are several well-known language specialists' definitions of translation:
According to definition of J C Catford in the book “A Linguistic Theory of Translation”, “Translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).” (Catford, 1965)
Besides, Peter Newmark in the book “A Textbook of Translation” (1988) mentioned that translation was a process of transferring a message from this language into another language in the way the author had intended the text.
Meanwhile, from the book “Translation” of Allan Duff, he quoted Dr Ian Tudor as declaring that: “Translation, as the process of conveying message across linguistic and cultural barriers, is an eminently communicative activity, one whose use could well be considered in a wider range of teaching situations than may currently be the case.” (Duff, 1989)
In conclusion, translation, in my opinion, is the process of comprehending and attempting to grasp the meaning of a text in the source language (SL) and then interpreting it in the target language (TL) based on studied theory and actual experience Besides, the translator functions as a bridge connecting one language, culture, or civilization to another.
J C Catford said that: “Translation equivalences may be set up, and translations performed, between any pair of languages or dialects - “related” or “unrelated” and with any kind of spatial, temporal, social or other relationship between them”, in the book “A Linguistic Theory of Translation” (1965:20)
According to J C Catford (1965:20), in the book “A Linguistic Theory of Translation”, there are many types to translation defined in many different criteria, such as: in terms of extent, levels, rank of translation.; then I decided to quote the source of some of books to clarify.
Translation devided into two types: full and partial
In a Full Translation, the entire text is submitted to the translation process: that is, every part of the SL text is replaced by TL text materials
For example: “I know I'm not an ordinary ten-year-old kid.”
Suggested vesion: “Tôi biết tôi không phải là một đứa trẻ mười tuổi bình thường.”
It is evident from the sample above that the texts have been thoroughly translated, both semantically and culturally
There are some parts of the source language that are not translated but put into the target language
For example: “Ao dai” is one of the traditional costumes of Vietnamese women. Suggested vesion: “Áo dài” là một trong những trang phục truyền thống của phụ nữ Việt Nam
J.C Catford (1965) classifies translation into two levels: total translation and restricted translation.
Total translation is replacement of SL grammar and lexis by equivalent TL grammar and lexis with consequential replacement of SL phonology/graphology by (non-equivalent) TL phonology/graphology.
For example: “I usually love when they talk about when I was a baby”
Suggested version: “Thường thì tôi rất thích nghe ai đó kể chuyện hồi tôi còn là một em bé.”
Restricted Translation is the replacement of SL textual by equivalent TL textual material, at only one level, that is translation performed only at the phonological or at graphological level, or at only one of the two levels of grammar and lexis
Suggested version: “Tía, má ơi, con về rồi!”
Phonological translation is a type of constrained translation in which the text's
SL phonology is substituted with an equivalent TL phonology Except for any unique grammatical or lexical aberrations necessitated in the process, the grammar and lexis of the SL text are frequently retained in the TL text in this type of translation.
Suggested version: cát-sét - vi-ô-lông
Principles and Methods of Translation
Word-for-word translation is often meant by an interlinear translation with the target language immediately below the source language words In the word-for- word translation, the word order of the source language will be preserved into the target language and all the words in the source language will be translated directly with the most popular meaning that don’t depend on the context In this case, we just translate cultural words literally Word-for-word translation is often used in the pre-translation process.
For example: I drink coffee every morning → Tôi uống cà phê mỗi sáng
For example: The weather today is so beautiful → Thời tiết hôm nay là rất đẹp 2.2.1.2 Literal translation
“The source language grammatical constructions are converted their nearest target language equivalents, but the lexical words are again translated singly out of context As a pre-translation process, this indicates the problem to be solved.”
For instance: The ship must be well built in order to withstand the storms
Translated version: “Cô ta lờ đi tất cả những lời khuyên của anh ta.”
A faithful translation attempts to reproduce the precise contextual meaning of the original meaning within the constraints of the target language grammatical structures It “transfers” cultural words and preserves the degree of grammatical and lexical “abnormality” in the translation It attempts to be completely faithful to intentions and the text realization of the source language writer.
Example: She is as fierce as a lion
Translated version: Cô ta dữ như cọp
Semantic translation differs from faithful translation only in as far as it must take more account of the aesthetic value of the source language text, compromising on
“meaning” where appropriate so that no assonance, word-play or repetition jars in finished version Further, it may translate less important cultural words by culturally neutral third or functional terms but not by cultural equivalents.
The difference between “Faithful Translation” and “Semantic Translation” is that the first one is inflexible and strict, while the second one is more flexible and creative, and allows the translators to relate to the original text.
We have an example to show this method: “I don't know how long I was sleeping, but when I woke up, there was a full moon outside the car window.”
Suggested version: “Cũng không biết tôi đã ngủ bao lâu, nhưng khi tỉnh dậy, bên ngoài cửa sổ, trăng đã tròn vành vạnh tự bao giờ,”
This is the “freest” form of translation, used mainly for plays (comedies) and poetry The themes, characters, plots are usually preserved, the source language culture is converted to target language one, and the text is rewritten.
Adaptation Translation is also the most used method for translating music and movies.
“To me, fair friend, you never can be old,
For as you were when first your eye I eyed,
Such seems your beauty still Three winters cold
Have from the forests shook three summers’ pride,
Three beauteous springs to yellow autumn turn’d
In process of the seasons have I seen,
Three April perfumes in three hot Junes burn’d,
Since first I saw you fresh, which yet are green
Ah! yet doth beauty, like a dial-hand,
Steal from his figure and no pace perceived;
So your sweet hue, which methinks still doth stand,
Hath motion and mine eye may be deceived:
For fear of which, hear this, thou age unbred;
Ere you were born was beauty’s summer dead.”
“Dưới mắt anh, em không hề thay đổi,
Vẫn như xưa, như anh gặp lần đầu
Ba mùa đông đã trôi qua, tiếp nối
Ba mùa hè rực rỡ đến rất mau.
Ba mùa xuân rất dịu dàng lặng lẽ
Thành mùa thu quả chín, lá rơi đầy,
Nghĩa là thời gian trôi, em vẫn thế,
Trẻ, yêu đời, xinh đẹp giống xưa nay
Chiếc kim phút của đồng hồ đang chạy
Nhưng mắt ta rất khó nhận khi nhìn,
Cũng thế em, sắc đẹp em anh thấy
Như suốt đời không thay đổi, đứng im
Nếu phải chết, sắc đẹp em có lẽ Ðã chết trước khi em rời bụng mẹ.”
The maner in which the translator translate secape binding of the original form original language, translation language used to interpret the meaning of the original Thus the translation tends longer than the original.
Suggested version: Công việc là công việc, tình cảm là tình cảm, không lẫn lộn được.
This method reproduces the “message” of the original again but tends to distort the nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialisms and idioms where these do not exist in the original.
Example: You’re уoung and уou ѕhould burn the candle at both endѕ tooung and уoung and уou ѕhould burn the candle at both endѕ toou ѕhould burn the candle at both endѕ tohould burn the candle at both endѕhould burn the candle at both endѕ to to ѕhould burn the candle at both endѕ toucceed.
Suggested version: Bạn còn trẻ bạn nên làm việc cật lực để thành công
The Communicative Translation strives to provide the most accurate meaning of the original context in a way that both content and language are easily accessible and understandable to readers It is particularly suitable when translating conventional formulae or proverbs and it involves some levels of cultural approximation. Communicative translation aspires to create the same effect created by the source language text on the target language reader.
Example: “Keep off the grass!”.
Suggested version: “Không được giẫm lên cỏ!”
“The translation should reflect accurately the meaning of the original text. Nothing should be arbitrarily added or removed, though occasionally part of the meaning can be transposed.”
Example: “He extremely likes eating fried chicken at KFC - a fast food restaurant.”
Suggested version: “Anh ấy cực kì thích ăn gà tại nhà hàng thức ăn nhanh
Alan Duff noted in his book "Translation" (1989:10) that the translation must ensure that the arrangement of words and concepts matches as closely as possible with the original, particularly in the form and order of words or when translating legal documents, guarantees, contracts, and so on However, differnces in language structure often require adjustments in the form and order of words
Example: Not only did John eat two hamburgers but he also drank a cup of milk tea. Suggested version: John không chỉ ăn hai cái bánh ham-bơ-gơ mà còn uống thêm một ly trà sữa nữa
Languages often differ greatly in their level of formality in a specific context To resolve these differences, the translator must distinguish between formal or fixed expressions and personal expressions in which the writer or speaker sets the tone.
Example: No dumping rubbish here!
Suggested version: Xin vui lòng không vứt rác tại đây.
According to A.Duff, “Idiomatic expressions are notoriously untranslatable These include similes, metaphor, proverbs, sayings (as good as gold), jargons, slangs, colloquialisms and phrasal verbs.” It is very difficult to translate So that the translation process go smoothly, try any of the following
- Preserving the original expression, with a literal explanation in brackets - Keeping the original word in quotation marks
- Using a non-idiomatic or plain prose translation.
Note: The golden rule is that if the idiom does not effect in the target language, do not oblige it into the translation.
Example: every cloud has a silver lining
Suggested version: Trong cái rủi có cái may.
The translator should not change the style of the original as much as possible. Changes are likely to happen if it necessary such as, many repetitions or mistakes in writing.
Example: If they observe a well-ordered house, they will develop good habits of cleanliness.
Suggested version: Nếu họ thấy nhà cửa ngăn nắp, họ cũng sẽ tập thói quen sống gọn gàng.
Rules of translation
When modifying any item of language, the modifier must be placed closest to that item even though the modifier is a single word, a phrase or clause.
As in these examples: Only Hary hit his classmate on the nose => Chỉ có Hary đánh bạn cậu ta vào mũi.
Hary only hit his classmate on the nose => Hary chỉ đánh bạn cậu ta vào mũi thôi. Hary hit his only classmate on the nose => Hary đánh người bạn duy nhất của cậu ta vào mũi.
The speech element of the same grammatical function must be performed in an only similar structure form.
For example: He came both in the morning and in the afternoon.
SUGGESTED TRANSLATIION
[1] The people nowadays undertake a journey not only for a holiday but there are other purposes also The purpose of the journey has been completely different in recent years The processes are becoming more efficient, the travel possibilities more diverse and faster.
There is a lot of interest of opportunities in the travel industry in the near future There are many methods to basically change our travel experience by implementing artificial intelligence to cloud computing in this industry.
[1] Trong thế giới, mọi người đi du lịch vì nhiều lý do ngoài các kỳ nghỉ. Mục đích của cuộc hành trình đã thay đổi mạnh mẽ Các quy trình đang trở nên hiệu quả hơn với các lựa chọn đi lại ngày càng đa dạng và nhanh hơn. Trong tương lai gần, có rất nhiều sự quan tâm đến các cơ hội trong ngành du lịch Có nhiều cách để thay đổi cơ bản trải nghiệm du lịch của chúng ta bằng cách kết hợp trí tuệ nhân tạo vào điện toán đám mây trong ngành này.
The transformation in the method of travelers is the reason behind the huge progress at the increased speed in the industry Tourism is an experience that the tourist demand in the modern tourism industry and it is also a service industry.
The priority should be given to customer experience not only at the airport but also in a foreign country.
The procedure for tourist and the services provided to them should be made unique, fast, and simple The tourist hates the waiting time for the services to be provided to them It is, therefore, no wonder that the industry has integrated so
[2] Thay đổi trong suy nghĩ của khách du lịch
Sự tiến bộ đáng kể và tốc độ tăng trưởng nhanh trong lĩnh vực này là do những thay đổi trong hành vi của khách du lịch Du lịch là một trải nghiệm mà khách du lịch tìm kiếm trong lĩnh vực du lịch ngày nay, cũng như ngành dịch vụ Nên ưu tiên trải nghiệm của khách hàng không chỉ tại sân bay mà còn ở nước ngoài
Quy trình dành cho khách du lịch và các dịch vụ cung cấp cho họ phải được thực hiện đặc biệt, nhanh chóng và dễ dàng Khách du lịch ghét thời gian chờ đợi để được cung cấp dịch vụ cho họ. quickly into the digital transformation, because it is very essential for tourism industry to fulfill the new consumer requirements and for that the digital revolution has taken place in this industry so fast.
Do đó, không có gì ngạc nhiên khi ngành du lịch đã hòa nhập nhanh chóng vào quá trình chuyển đổi kỹ thuật số, bởi vì ngành du lịch đáp ứng các yêu cầu mới của người tiêu dùng là rất cần thiết và nhờ đó mà cuộc cách mạng kỹ thuật số đã diễn ra nhanh chóng trong ngành này.
The travel industry will primarily change in the future by the Virtual Reality that is one of the most advanced future technologies Even though Virtual Reality and the other immersive media have not yet quite achieved the predicted breakthrough, there are some the virtual reality fields of application in which they have already proven their added value The most common of them is tourism The main target is to provide the customer a good experience in the travel industry The experience should be provided with the changing needs in the society in comparison to past The main aim is to influence the tourist to spend his wealth in the holiday areas This creates Virtual
Reality optimally, since here the beauties of the travel country and the region can be represented optimally
For example, it helps in taking a final decision by tourist for a place by seeing
[3] Thực tế ảo trong ngành du lịch
Ngành du lịch sẽ thay đổi chủ yếu trong tương lai bởi Thực tế ảo là một trong những công nghệ tương lai tiên tiến nhất Mặc dù thực tế ảo và các phương tiện truyền thông nhập vai khác vẫn chưa đạt được bước đột phá như mong đợi, nhưng có một số lĩnh vực ứng dụng thực tế ảo mà chúng đã chứng minh được giá trị gia tăng của mình Phổ biến nhất trong số đó là du lịch Mang đến cho khách hàng trải nghiệm du lịch tích cực là mục tiêu chính Kinh nghiệm nên được cung cấp với nhu cầu thay đổi trong xã hội so với trước đây Mục tiêu chính là thuyết phục khách du lịch tiêu tiền của mình vào các điểm nghỉ dưỡng Điều này tạo ra Thực tế ảo một cách tối ưu, vì ở đây vẻ đẹp của quốc gia và khu vực du lịch có thể được thể hiện một cách tốt nhất.
Ví dụ, xem và trải nghiệm các quốc gia và thành phố thông qua video có thể giúp khách du lịch đưa ra quyết định and experience through videos about countries and cities This first glimpse behind the scenes of a country not only improves customer satisfaction, but also It permits the countries to which tourist is going to visit to showcase themselves in an attractive method and impress foreigners and their offers, the consumer by seeing videos feel their money is not being wasted cuối cùng về nơi sẽ đến Cái nhìn đầu tiên về hậu trường của một quốc gia không chỉ cải thiện sự hài lòng của khách hàng mà còn cho phép các quốc gia mà khách du lịch sắp đến thể hiện bản thân một cách hấp dẫn và gây ấn tượng với người nước ngoài cũng như các ưu đãi của họ, đồng thời người tiêu dùng khi xem video sẽ cảm nhận được tiền của họ không bị lãng phí.
The tourist doesn’t feel comfortable in carrying their luggage if they have to undertake a long journey The tourists that love to take lots of belongings then smart suitcase is especially for them to tackle with this issue The suitcase can follow the instructions as it is programmed for it can travel on its wheels as it is a robot
It can find the smartphone or a movable sensor and can go behind it It can transform its body part and can open like a portable desk with USB charger in its latest version The airlines will have to adjust according to the smart suitcase in future but as of now it will undergo many modifications in future to fully develop in its truest form
Khách du lịch không cảm thấy thoải mái khi mang theo hành lý nếu họ phải thực hiện một hành trình dài Những du khách thích mang theo nhiều đồ đạc thì chiếc vali thông minh đặc biệt dành cho họ để giải quyết vấn đề này Vì là rô-bốt nên chiếc vali có thể làm theo hướng dẫn và di chuyển trên bánh xe của nó.
Nó có thể phát hiện điện thoại thông minh hoặc cảm biến di động và theo dõi nó Trong phiên bản mới nhất, nó có thể biến đổi phần thân và mở ra như một chiếc bàn di động với bộ sạc USB.Các hãng hàng không sẽ phải thích ứng với chiếc vali thông minh trong tương lai, nhưng hiện tại, nó sẽ trải qua nhiều thay đổi để phát triển đầy đủ ở dạng chân thực nhất.
ANALYSIS
Vocabulary
Vocabulary is a key part of translation process It is not difficult to look up the definition of a word in many dictionaries; but for many words whose meaning is not in the dictionary, or has too many different levels of meaning, it is difficult to choose the suitable meaning However, if there isn't a choice of meanings, I won't be able to comprehend them precisely Furthermore, there are many words in my original version that are inappropriate for the context or have multi-meanings, therefore I picked a variety of translation meanings based on the context of the text.
4.1.1 Words and phrases with multiple meanings in dictionary
Multi-meaning words are those that have more than one definition in the dictionary and have multiple interpretations If a translator does not fully comprehend these words and the context of the original text, they frequently translate poorly To further explain this area, I'll include a few words from my graduation thesis that have many meanings below.
“The tourists that love to take lots of belongings then smart suitcase is especially for them to tackle with this issue” [P4]
The different meanings of “issue” are listed as follows
[1] an important topic that people are discussing or arguing a
[2] a problem or worry that somebody has with something
[3] one of a regular series of magazines or newspapers
[4] a number or set of things that are supplied and made available at the same time
[5] the act of supplying or making available things for people to buy or use
[6] the act of formally making something known to people
There are a lot of meanings for “issue” in the oxford dictionary I choose the equivalence meaning “vấn đề” in the Vietnamese to transfer the word, because it is easier to be understood I think the first meaning is the most appropriate in this context
Suggested version: “Những du khách thích mang theo nhiều đồ đạc thì chiếc vali thông minh đặc biệt dành cho họ để giải quyết vấn đề này”
“The local people develop respect for tourist if it is organized in a sustainable manner as it increases profits local businesses, local people earn money, preserve endangered species and environments, preserve culture.” [P26]
“Earn” has various meanings from the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary:
[1] to get money for work that you do
[2] to get money as profit or interest on money you lend, have in a bank, etc.
[3] to get something that you deserve, usually because of something good you have done or because of the good qualities you have
“Earn” has a number of meanings in Oxford and Vietnamese Dictionary.
However, I think the first meaning is the most appropriate in this context, so “kiếm” is the only suitable translated version for “earn” in the sentence
Suggested version: Người dân địa phương tôn trọng khách du lịch nếu họ được tổ chức một cách bền vững vì nó làm tăng lợi nhuận cho doanh nghiệp địa phương, người dân địa phương kiếm được tiền, bảo tồn các loài và môi trường có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng cũng như bảo tồn văn hóa.
“The tourist can get information by language assistants about current weather conditions, programs in the nearby and tourist gatherings.” [P13]
The different meanings of “condition” are listed as follows
[1] the state that something is in
[2] the state of somebody’s health or how fit they are
[3] an illness or a medical problem that you have for a long time because it is not possible to cure it
[4] the circumstances or situation in which people live, work or do things
[5] the physical situation that affects how something happens
[6] a rule or decision that you must agree to, sometimes forming part of a contract or an official agreement
[7] a situation that must exist in order for something else to happen
[8] the state of a particular group of people because of their situation in life, their problems, etc
There are a lot of meanings for “condition” in the oxford dictionary I choose the equivalence meaning “điều kiện” in the Vietnamese to transfer the word, because it sounds natural and Vietnamese I think the fifth meaning is most relevant in this context because it fits the physics of weather.
Suggested version: Trợ lý ngôn ngữ có thể thông báo cho khách du lịch về “điều kiện” thời tiết hiện tại, các chương trình lân cận và các cuộc tụ họp khách du lịch. Example 4: Gap
“Although we have previously seen a gap in funding, there are large number of investors that are taking dangers currently by investing in far- flung countries that are far from main geographical areas like China, Latin America, South East Asia, andIndia” [P8]
“Gap” is defined in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary as follows
[1] a space where something is missing
[2] a space between two things or in the middle of something, especially
[3] a period of time when something stops, or between two events
[4] a difference that separates people, or their opinions, situation, etc.
The first meaning is opted to translate for this sentence since it suits the most, so
“chênh lệch” is the Vietnamese equipvalence for “gap“
Suggested version : Mặc dù trước đây đã có “chênh lệch” về vốn, nhưng một số lượng lớn các nhà đầu tư hiện đang chấp nhận rủi ro bằng cách đầu tư vào các quốc gia xa xôi cách xa các khu vực địa lý chính như Trung Quốc, Mỹ Latinh, Đông Nam Á và Ấn Độ.
“The computer is empowered to take decisions in a given situation without the need for any human intervention in artificial intelligence that is a part of machine learning.”
The meanings of “machine” are defined in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary as follows:
[1] a piece of equipment with many parts that work together to do a particular task.
[3] a particular machine, for example in the home, when you do not refer to it by its full name
[4] an organized system for achieving something and the people who control it
[5] a person who acts without thinking and without allowing their feelings to show or to affect their work
The fourth meaning was chosen to translate into Vietnamese for the word
"machine" because it is most appropriate in this context.
Suggested version: “Máy tính được trao quyền để đưa ra quyết định trong một tình huống nhất định mà không cần bất kỳ sự can thiệp nào của con người vào trí tuệ nhân tạo, một phần của học máy”.
“The customer can be attracted to invest the money for accessing facilities like restaurants at late night and experiencing an unlimited traveling experience like no long lines at the airport.” [P12]
The different meanings of “facilities” are listed as follows
[1] buildings, services, equipment, etc that are provided for a particular purpose
[2] a place, usually including buildings, used for a particular purpose or activity the world’s largest nuclear waste facility
[3] a special feature of a machine, service, etc that makes it possible to do something extra
[4] facility (for something) a natural ability to learn or do something easily There are a lot of meanings for “facilities” in the oxford dictionary I choose the equivalence meaning “tiện ích” in the Vietnamese to transfer the word, because it is easier to be understood This is the first meaning of the word.
Suggested version: Khách hàng có thể bị thu hút đầu tư tiền để tiếp cận các tiện ích như nhà hàng vào đêm khuya và trải nghiệm trải nghiệm du lịch không giới hạn như không phải xếp hàng dài ở sân bay.
“The tourist around the world are now spending holidays in the Eastern countries instead of previously in western countries like the United States and Europe that have some of the unique places for tourists to visit and enjoy” [P13]
The meanings of “Unique” are defined in Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary as follows:
[1] being the only one of its kind
[3] belonging to or connected with one particular person, place or thing
Of the above interpretations in this context, I choose the second interpretation of the word “unique”, in the Vietnamese sense of "độc đáo".
Suggested version: Khách du lịch từ khắp nơi trên thế giới hiện đang dành kỳ nghỉ của họ ở các nước phương Đông hơn là các nước phương Tây như Hoa Kỳ và Châu Âu, nơi có một số địa điểm độc đáo nhất để khách du lịch đến thăm và tận hưởng.
“There is a growing trend to spend the money on experiencing more and more instead of just enjoying the vacation on the normal heavily crowded tourist spots” [P14]
The different meanings of “spots” are listed as follows
[1] a small round area that has a different colour or feels different from the surface it is on
[2] a small mark or lump on a person’s skin, sometimes with a yellow head to it
[3] a small dirty mark on something
[5] a small feature or part of somebody/something with a particular quality
[7] a position in a competition, event or team
Structure
The grammar of a translation is extremely important Knowing the grammar will help your translation become more fluent and clear I chose a few sentences from my translation to analyze their grammar, and after doing so, I feel my knowledge has grown significantly.
A simple sentence has the most basic elements that make it a sentence: a subject, a verb, and a completed thought A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of just one independent clause and has no dependent clauses.
Example 19: “The tourist hates the waiting time for the services to be provided to them” [P2]
We can see that: this sentence with form: SUBJECT +VERB + OBJECT
“The tourist” is subject, “hates” is verb, and “the waiting time for the services to be provided to them” is object After analyzing the sentence, this sentence is translated as follows.
Suggested version: Khách du lịch ghét thời gian chờ đợi để được cung cấp dịch vụ cho họ.
Example 20: “The huge number of tourists around the year is coming in the places like the Great Barrier Reef, Galapagos Islands, the Ao Phang Nga National Park in Thai Land and the Great Wall of China” [P16]
We can see that: this sentence with form SUBJECT + VERB + ADVERB,
“The huge number of tourists around the year” is subject, “is coming” is verb, and
“in the places like the Great Barrier Reef, Galapagos Islands, the Ao Phang Nga National Park in Thai Land and the Great Wall of China” is an adverb of place The following translated version is opted for this sentence.
Suggested version: Một lượng lớn khách du lịch quanh năm đang đến ở những nơi như Great Barrier Reef, Quần đảo Galapagos, Công viên quốc gia Ao Phang Nga ở Thái Lan và Vạn Lý Trường Thành của Trung Quốc.
A compound sentence is two (or more) independent clauses joined by a conjunction or semicolon Each of these clauses could form a sentence alone.
Example 21: “The insight on future of transport is not complete without the mention of hyperloop and it is the essential element in it” [P5]
Two independent clauses join with the word "and" -> compound sentence
Suggested version: Cái nhìn sâu sắc về tương lai của giao thông vận tải sẽ không hoàn chỉnh nếu không đề cập đến tàu siêu tốc và nó là yếu tố thiết yếu trong đó.
A complex sentence has at least one dependent clause and one independent clause that are connected by subordinating conjunctions but not coordinating conjunctions Besides, it is frequently used to emphasize which are the main ideas and which are subordinated ones As a result, if we lack basic grammatical understanding and fail to properly analyze the sentence, we are extremely likely to translate it incorrectly In complex sentences, there are three kinds of dependent clauses: noun clauses, adjective clauses (or relative clauses), and adverbial clauses.
4.2.3.1 Complex sentence with adverbial clause
An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that modifies the main verb in the independent clause It always starts with a subordinating conjunction, for example, when, after, because, though, etc., and must connect to an independent clause to make sense Besides, an adverbial clause can be identified by answering one of four questions: where, when, how, and why.
Example 22: “This creates Virtual Reality optimally, since here the beauties of the travel country and the region can be represented optimally” [P5]
=> Adverbial clauses of reason -> complex sentence
Suggested version: Điều này tạo ra Thực tế ảo một cách tối ưu, vì ở đây vẻ đẹp của quốc gia và khu vực du lịch có thể được thể hiện một cách tốt nhất.
Example 23: “The tourist doesn’t feel comfortable in carrying their luggage if they have to undertake a long journey” [P4]
Adverbial clauses of condition -> complex sentence
Suggested version: “Khách du lịch không cảm thấy thoải mái khi mang theo hành lý nếu họ phải thực hiện một hành trình dài”.
Example 24: “The suitcase can follow the instructions as it is programmed for it can travel on its wheels as it is a robot” [P4]
Adverbial clauses of manner -> complex sentence
Suggested version: Vì là rô-bốt nên chiếc vali có thể làm theo hướng dẫn và di chuyển trên bánh xe của nó.
4.2.3.2 Complex sentence with adjective clause (or relative clause)
An adjective clause, also known as a relative clause, is a sort of dependent clause that is used in a sentence to describe a noun Even though it is made up of many words rather than just one, it serves as an adjective All of the words in an adjective clause work together to modify the noun or pronoun.
Example 25: “There are number of tourists that ignore the Budget vacations and traveling” [P15]
Suggested version: Có một số khách du lịch bỏ qua các kỳ nghỉ và du lịch bình dân
4.2.3.3 Complex sentence with noun clause
A dependent clause that takes the place of any noun in the sentence is known as a noun clause It can function as the subject, direct object, indirect object, prepositional object, subject complement, or appositive Noun clauses, unlike noun phrases, include both a subject and a verb.
Example 26: “It is generally seen that rich people give values to memories than material objects like jewelry, watches, etc.” [P27]
The embedded clause “rich people give values to memories than material objects like jewelry, watches, etc” is the noun clause standing for the sentence's direct object in this sentence As a result, I just translated it based on the analysis.
Suggested version: Người ta thường thấy rằng người giàu coi trọng kỷ niệm hơn vật chất như trang sức, đồng hồ
A compound-complex sentence has two or more independent clause(s) and at least one dependent clause Simply put, it is a combination of a compound and complex sentence.
This sentence type can be a bit confusing to identify since compound-complex sentences are pretty long However, this type of sentence gives writers many ways to create sentences.
Example 27: “It is, therefore, no wonder that the industry has integrated so quickly into the digital transformation, because it is very essential for tourism industry to fulfill the new consumer requirements and for that the digital revolution has taken place in this industry so fast.” [P2]
“It is, therefore, no wonder that the industry has integrated so quickly into the digital transformation -> dependent clause with conjuctive adverb is therefore and noun clause “that” “for that the digital revolution has taken place in this industry so fast -> dependent clause
DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS
Difficulties
During my two years at Duy Tan University, I learned a variety of translation abilities through theoretical and practical studies This graduation thesis provides an excellent opportunity for me to put my knowledge and abilities to use while also learning new ones I also encountered numerous issues in the translation process when working on my graduation thesis.
To begin with, numerous specialist words in tourism and technology cause me tremendous trouble Despite extensive training in translation theory and dialogue practice, I occasionally struggle to understand and communicate certain meanings. During the translation process, there were several exchanges in which the speaker utilized esoteric slang or idioms that made it difficult for me to understand the meaning of the statement Furthermore, the text length is insufficient for me to comprehend further aspects of the story.
Second, I have a difficult time understanding sentence structure There are complicated structures that are made up of many different types of structures, making them difficult to identify and study Furthermore, the author's use of numerous long sentences to express himself makes translating and conveying the material difficult when there are many diverse structures in a sentence
Furthermore, there are numerous forms of clauses in the form of sentence structures, including complex relative clauses, noun clauses, and adverb clauses We frequently make mistakes when we lack a good understanding of language or evaluate phrases haphazardly.
Furthermore, language variety is an important element to consider, especially in a new area like tourism and tourism international relations I understand several English words, but no Vietnamese word can communicate that meaning I recognize that successful translation needs not just knowledge of terminology and structure, but also knowledge of numerous subjects in both English and Vietnamese.
Solutions
To overcome the challenges of the translation process, I used the abilities and experiences I gained at Duy Tan University, as well as the assistance of my supervisor.
Firstly, because the text length was limited, I read the entire original text to fully appreciate the story's content and development Then I would focus on the chapter, continuing with the translation and analysis I read carefully and took note of new terminology and phrases that I had never heard before Following that, I searched the definitions of them in dictionaries such as Oxford Learner's Dictionary, Cambridge Dictionary, Collins Dictionary, and vtudien and chose the right meaning for the target language.
Second, during sentence parsing, I had to review all of the structures I had learned in order to accurately recognize sentence kinds and clauses I attempted to detect the signals of each form of clause, especially in sentences with many types of clauses, so that I could identify and evaluate the sentence structure more easily.
Last but not least, my supervisor provided me with personalized advice Despite my extensive online studies, there are still numerous words that I cannot fully translate smoothly But, I am grateful to my supervisor, who has much expertise in assisting me in determining the most appropriate interpretations for the reader Furthermore, I asked a few other teachers and friends what I could do that I couldn't find on the internet. They were quite helpful to me with this task graduation thesis
In conclusion, facing the obstacles of translation is unavoidable Nonetheless, if we make every effort, translating will not be too tough I understood that in order to develop our translation talents, I needed to practice translating texts on a regular basis.
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
Conclusion
This graduation assignment provides me with an excellent opportunity to gain experience in professional translation It also assists me in expanding my vocabulary and improving my knowledge.
The first was about my flaws I found that not only was my vocabulary still restricted, but my ability to communicate myself in Vietnamese was also lacking. While I understood the meaning of several words, I was unable to translate them into Vietnamese with an acceptable connotation for the reader This is due to my lack of vocabulary and expertise So I convinced myself that I needed to read a lot of books and converse in several languages.
Second, I gained a lot of important information while translating and evaluating this graduation paper My translation abilities are growing on a daily basis In many situations, I was able to work around flaws in the original text to produce a good version I feel less burdened when dealing with grammar compared to when I was freshman.
I am aware that my present translation has several flaws As a result, in order to become a successful translator, I must always strive to study and develop my knowledge and abilities
Finally, maybe my favorite aspect of this thesis is the increased knowledge in the fields of tourism, technology, and tourist public relations that this study provides.
Suggestions
To begin with, I believe that specialized knowledge is critical, thus I want pupils to master the fundamentals To grasp and translate a book rapidly, students must know grammar as well as translation techniques Furthermore, pupils must actively acquire knowledge and continually enhance their talents You should get fresh information about the many subjects you are studying; you can learn many crucial things that will help you later in the translation process.
6.2.2 Implications for Duy Tan University
As a student, I have some suggestions for Duy Tan University in general and the Faculty of English in particular, and I hope my proposals will be approved
First and foremost, I want the English Department to develop an academic atmosphere in which students may practice in real life by sponsoring student contests such as English speeches, debates, and foreign language clubs Students can practice their foreign language abilities in a safe atmosphere
Second, broaden business partnerships with units and businesses so that students may gain practical experience through apprenticeships, internships, and practicums As a result, students may experience a more realistic workplace and understand career chances after graduation.
Finally, for specialized topics, I would prefer to study with native professors rather than Vietnamese teachers, so that English majors may communicate and develop their speaking abilities
These constructive comments, perhaps, will enable students of the translation and interpretation major in particular, as well as students of the Faculty of English, School of Foreign Languages and Humanities, Duy Tan University, to grow and develop.
1 Blackwell, D A (1990), Translation, Oxford University Press.
2 Catford, J.C., (1965) A Linguistic Theory of Translation Oxford University Press
3 Duff A., (1989) Translation, (Maley, A., Ed.), Oxford University Press
4 Munday J., (2016) Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications (Fourth ed.) New York: Routledge.
7 Alexandra Lin, CNN International-Breaking News Restrived from : (https://edition.cnn.com/)
8 Collins Dictionary Restrived from:https://www.collinsdictionary.com/
9 Ginger Restrived from: https://www.gingersoftware.com/
10 K12 Reader Restrived from: https://www.k12reader.com/
11 Longman Dictionary Restrived from: https://www.ldoceonline.com/
12 Oxfoxd Dictionary.Restrival from: https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/