NN AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER VI FROM THE BOOK “INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY” BY OPENSTAX, (SECOND EDITION), 2015

p MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES PHAN NGUYEN KHA VY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER VI FROM THE BOOK “INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY” BY OPENSTAX, (SECOND EDITION), 2015 GRADUATION THESIS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES DA NANG – December 2020 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING DUY TAN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLISH GRADUATION THESES PHAN NGUYEN KHA VY AN ANALYSIS OF THE SUGGESTED TRANSLATION OF CHAPTER VI FROM THE BOOK “INTRODUCTION TO SOCIOLOGY” BY OPENSTAX, (SECOND EDITION), 2015 Major : English for Translation and Interpretation Code : K22.701 SUPERVISOR: DOAN THI DIEU LAN, M.A DA NANG - December 2020 Graduation paper i Faculty of English ACKNOWLEDGEMENT  During the time of completing this graduation paper, I have received a lot of assistance, guidance, encouragement and contribution from my supervisor, teachers, friends, and families First of all, I would like to send my sincere thanks to the teachers of The Faculty of English, who taught me a lot of knowledge and skills Secondly, I would love to deliver my thanks to my supervisor, Ms.Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A for her whole-hearted guidance and valuable comments on my graduation paper During this time, difficulties are inescapable, but I have managed to complete it on time thanks to her enthusiastic assistance Thirdly, I also would like to send many thanks to all my close friends who often shared my feelings, gave me timely advice, encouraged and helped me understand some necessary problems during the period of my graduation paper Last but not least, I am using this opportunity to express my deepest gratitude and special thanks to my family who gave me with supports, inspirations and encouragements when I faced disadvantages I am grateful to all of you and I wish all of you good health, success, and happiness! Yours sincerely! Student Phan Nguyen Kha Vy Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper ii Faculty of English STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP  Except where references are made in the text of the graduation paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a graduation paper by which I have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person's work has been used without acknowledgment in the graduation paper Also, my graduation paper doesn't copy any parts of the content in other graduation universities Any source of references is cited and acknowledged in the REFERENCES This graduation paper has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Danang, December 2020 Phan Nguyen Kha Vy Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper iii Faculty of English ABBREVIATION  C Complement c Coordinator conj Conjunction N Noun O Object P Pronoun pp Paragraph prep Preposition S Subject SL Source Language (English) TL Target Language (Vietnamese) V Verb Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper iv Faculty of English TABLE OF CONTENTS  ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .I STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP II II ABBREVIATION .III TABLE OF CONTENTS IV ABSTRACT VI PART A: INTRODUCTION 1 RATIONALE AIMS AND OBJECTIVES PART B: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER I: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION METHODS AND PRINCIPLES 2.1 Methods of Translation .5 2.2 Principles of Translation 2.3 Terminology .10 2.4 Rules of Translation 10 CHAPTER II: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION .14 CHAPTER III: ANALYSIS 42 1.DIFFICULT WORDS AND PHRASES 43 1.1 Words with Multi-meanings 43 1.2 Phrasal Verbs 44 STRUCTURE 45 2.1 Simple Sentences 46 2.2 Passive voice sentences 46 2.3 Compound Sentences .47 Example 1: “You may not recognize a reference group, but it still influences the way you act.”(p18) 48 2.4 Complex Sentences 48 2.5 Compound-Complex Sentences 51 Compound-complex sentence is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses .51 2.6 Empty subject 52 CHAPTER IV: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS .53 DIFFICULTIES 53 SOLUTIONS 54 Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper v Faculty of English PART C: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS .55 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 55 SUGGESTIONS 55 2.1 Implications for Learning 55 2.2 Implications for Teaching 56 REFERENCES SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 45 Faculty of English a life of their own.”(p35) According to Longman Dictionary, “take on” means “on to agree to some work or to be responsible for something.” Thus, I chose the equivalent meaning in Vietnamese as “nhận trách nhiệm” My suggested translation version: “Và thật không may, thành lập, máy quan liêu tự đảm nhận trách nhiệm đảm bảo tồn với hoạt động nó.” 1.3 Specific Terms When doing the graduation paper, I met several challenges because of specific terms To solve all of the difficuties, I had to look up so many dictionaries and different websites as well Example 1: “In contrast, a laissez-faire leader (French for “leave it alone”) is hands-off, allowing group members to self-manage and make their own decisions.”(p23) In Cambridge Dictionary, the adjective “laissez-faire” means “If a government is laissez-faire, it does not have many laws and rules that control the buying and selling of goods and services” Hence, I chose the equivalent meaning in Vietnamese as “tham gia vào” My suggested version is: “Ngược lại, nhà lãnh đạo theo kiểu laissez-faire (tiếng Pháp có nghĩa “hãy để tự do”), cho phép thành viên nhóm tự quản lý tự định.” Example 2: “Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton's experiences provide an example of the way society reacts to a high-profile woman who is an instrumental leader.”(p22) According to Cambrige Dictionary, “high-profile” means “attracting a lot of attention and interest from the public and newpapers, television, etc.:” Thus, I chose the equivalent meaning in Vietnamese as “Nổi tiếng” My suggested translation version: “Cựu Ngoại trưởng Hillary ví dụ cách xã hội phản ứng với người phụ nữ tiếng nhà lãnh đạo công cụ.” STRUCTURE While translating a text, I discovered that structure is one of the most crucial Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 46 Faculty of English parts in a sentence because it assists readers in understanding the meaning of a paragraph Commonly, in a paragraph, there are many clauses which we must analyze the grammatical components to transfer the meaning into Vietnamese accurately If a translator analyzes gramma of that clause wrongly, it will make readers confused the meaning of the sentence Therefore, we must have a careful grasp of grammatical structure to create a complete sentence and avoid misunderstanding for readers 2.1 Simple Sentences A simple sentence is a sentence that consists of just one independent clause A simple sentence has no dependent clauses (An independent clause (unlike a dependent clause) can stand alone as a sentence.) Example 1: “Groups also play an important role in society”(p6) Groups / also play / an important role / in society S V O Adverbial My suggested version is: “Nhóm đóng vai trị quan trọng xã hội.” Example 2: “A bureaucracy is an ideal type of formal organization.”(p26) A bureaucracy / is / an ideal type of formal organization S V C A My suggested version is: “Bộ máy hành quan liêu loại hình tổ chức cơng nhận thức.” 2.2 Passive voice sentences A passive voice is the relationship between a subject and a verb in which the subject receives the action of the verb or the verb forms which show this relationship Moreover, the passive voice is used when we want to emphasize the action (the verb) and the object of a sentence rather than the subject Passive voice is a common grammatical structure in English But, in Vietnamese, people rarely use this structure to express the sentences Tense Simple Present Present Active S+V+O S + am/is/are + V-ing + O Passive S + be + PP + by O S + am/is/are + being + PP + by + O Continuous Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 47 Faculty of English Present Perfect Simple Past Past Continuous Past Perfect Simple Future Future Perfect S + has/have + PP + O S + V-ed + O S + was/were + V-ing + O S + had + PP + O S + will/shall + V + O S + will/shall + have + PP S + has/have + been + PP + by + O S + was/were + PP + by + O S + was/were + being + PP + by + O S + had + been + PP + by + O S + will + be + PP + by + O S + will + have + been + PP + by + O Be + going to +O S + am/is/are + going to + S + am/is/are + going to + be + PP + Modal Verbs V+O S + model verb + V + O by + O S + model verb + be + PP + by + O Example 1: “Their political stance is supported by what they refer to as their "15 Non-Negotiable Core Beliefs."(p3) Their political stance/ is / supported / by / what they refer to as their S be PP Prep O "15 Non- Negotiable Core Beliefs • A verb in passive voice is often translate “được” or “bị” So, I decide to translate the sentence into Vietnamese “được hỗ trợ” My suggested version is: “Lập trường trị họ hỗ trợ họ gọi “15 Niềm tin cốt lõi Không thể Thương lượng”.” Example 2: “Michels (1911) suggested that all large organizations are characterized by the Iron Rule of Oligarchy.”(p36) • A verb in passive voice is often translate “được” or “bị” So, I decide to translate the sentence into Vietnamese “được mô tả” My suggested version is: “Cẩm nang Michels (1911) cho tất tổ chức lớn mô tả Quy tắc Sắt Đầu sỏ.” 2.3 Compound Sentences A compound sentence contains two clauses that are joined together by a comma and a coordinating conjunction There are coordinating conjunctions “FANBOYS” (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So) and a comma or by a semicolon alone An independent clauses of a compound sentences can also be connected by an adverb like: However, Therefore, Furthermore,… Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 48 Faculty of English Example 1: “You may not recognize a reference group, but it still influences the way you act.”(p18) + This sentence has two clauses: “You may not recognize a reference group” and “ it still influences the way you act” + The Coordinating conjunction is “but” My Suggested version is: “Bạn khơng nhận nhóm mẫu, ảnh hưởng đến cách bạn hành động.” 2.4 Complex Sentences A complex sentence is a sentence that contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, but a dependent clause even though it has a subject and a verb cannot stand alone 2.4.1 Complex sentences with adverbial clauses An adverb clause acts like an adverb; that is, it tells where, when, why, and how An adverb clause begins with a subordinator, such as when, while, because, although, if, so, or that It can come before or after an independent clause Example 1: “This starts as early as kindergarten in New York City, where competition for the most highly-regarded schools is especially fierce.”(p33) This sentence has two clauses: + Independent clause: “This starts as early as kindergarten in New York City” + Dependent clause: “competition for the most highly-regarded schools is especially fierce” + Subordinating Conjunction: “where” My suggested version is: “Điều bắt đầu từ học mẫu giáo Thành phố New York, nơi mà cạnh tranh cho trường đánh giá cao đặc biệt gay gắt.” Example 2: “In everyday use, it can be a generic term, although it carries important clinical and scientific meanings.” (p10) In everyday use, / it / can be / a generic term, /although / it / carries / Adv S V Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A C Conj S V Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 49 Faculty of English important clinical and scientific meanings O There are two independent clause: + The independent clause: “it can be a generic term” + The dependent clause: “it carries important clinical and scientific meanings” + Subordinating Conjunction: “although” My suggested version is: “Trong việc sử dụng hàng ngày, nhóm thuật ngữ chung, mang ý nghĩa lâm sàng khoa học.” Example 3: “While these in-groups might show favoritism and affinity for other in-group members, the overall organization may be unable or unwilling to acknowledge it.”(p16) “While these in-groups might show favoritism and affinity for other in-group members” is a dependent clause “the overall organization may be unable or unwilling to acknowledge it” is an independent clause “While” is a subordinating conjunction My suggested translation version is: “Mặc dù người nhóm thể thiên vị đồng cảm với thành viên khác nhóm, tổ chức chung khơng muốn khơng có ý định thừa nhận điều đó.” 2.4.3 Complex sentences with adjective clauses An adjective clause is a clause that describes a word or a group of words in another clause Adjective clauses are often part of a complex sentence Adjective clauses use that, who, whom, and which to begin the clause Example 1: “Another example of a nongroup is people who share similar characteristics but are not tied to one another in any way.” (p11) There are two clause: + Independent clause: “Another example of a nongroup is people” + Dependent clauses: “ who share similar characteristics but are not tied to one another in any way” is adjective clause “who” refers to the noun “people” Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 50 Faculty of English My suggested version is: “Một ví dụ khác phi nhóm người có đặc điểm không bị ràng buộc với theo cách nào.” Example 2: “In music videos, young women might dance and sing in a sexually aggressive way that suggests experience beyond their years.”(p18) There are two clause in sentences: +Main clause: “In music videos, young women might dance and sing in a sexually aggressive way” +Adjective clause: “that suggests experience beyond their years” My suggested version is: “Trong video ca nhạc, phụ nữ trẻ nhảy hát cách khiêu gợi, điệu nhảy khơng phù hợp với lứa tuổi họ.” Example 3: “Therefore, it pays to be wary of the politics of in-groups, since members may exclude others as a form of gaining status within the group.”(p16) + This sentence has two clauses: “it pays to be wary of the politics of ingroups” and “since members may exclude others as a form of gaining status within the group” My suggested version is: “Do đó, cần phải thận trọng với hoạt động trị nhóm trong, thành viên loại trừ người khác hình thức để đạt địa vị nhóm.” 2.4.4 Complex sentences with noun clauses A noun clause is a clause that plays the role of a noun A noun clause is dependent clause that acts as a noun Noun clauses begin with words such as how, that, what, whatever, when, where, whether, which, whichever,who, whoever, whom, whomever, and why Noun clauses can act as subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition Example 1: “We might say that a group of kids all saw the dog, and it could mean 250 students in a lecture hall or four siblings playing on a front lawn.” (p10) The noun clause “that a group of kids all saw the dog, and it could mean 250 students in a lecture hall or four siblings playing on a front lawn.” Functioned as a subject for the verb “say” Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 51 Faculty of English My suggested version is: “Chúng ta nói nhóm trẻ em nhìn thấy chó, có nghĩa 250 sinh viên giảng đường bốn anh chị em chơi bãi cỏ phía trước.” 2.5 Compound-Complex Sentences Compound-complex sentence is comprised of at least two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses Example 1: “A graduate seminar, for example, can start as a secondary group focused on the class at hand, but as the students work together throughout their program, they may find common interests and strong ties that transform them into a primary group.” (p14) There are four clause: + The first independent clause: “A graduate seminar, for example, can start as a secondary group focused on the class at hand” + The second independent clause : “focused on the class at hand” + The third independent clauses: “they may find common interests and strong ties that transform them into a primary group” + Dependent clauses: “as the students work together throughout their program” + The coordinating conjuntion is “but” My suggested version is: “Ví dụ, hội thảo sau đại học bắt đầu với tư cách nhóm thứ cấp tập trung vào lớp học, sinh viên làm việc suốt chương trình họ, sinh viên tìm thấy lợi ích chung mối quan hệ chặt chẽ biến họ thành nhóm chính.” Example 2: “This is not to say that de facto leaders don’t emerge, but formal leadership is rare.”(p21) + This sentence has two clauses: “This is not to say that de facto leaders don’t emerge” and “ formal leadership is rare” My Suggested version is: “Điều khơng có nghĩa nhà lãnh đạo thực tế không xuất hiện, Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 52 Faculty of English lãnh đạo thức xuất hiếm.” 2.6 Empty subject In English, a complete sentence must have a subject (except for imperative sentences) and at least a verb So, if we don't have any other subject, we can use 'it' or 'there' This is sometimes called a 'dummy subject' or an 'empty subject' to attach the verb and where the real subject is somewhere else in the clause Hence, I faced many challenges to transfer them into Vietnamese because the empty subject existing in sentences hardly occurs in Vietnamese Example 1: “It is difficult to define exactly when a small group becomes a large group.”(p20) In this sentence, the real subject is “when a small group becomes a large group” However, this type of sentence does not exists in Vietnamese, It’s difficult to translate it Also, if translated literally, like “nó” the sentence is not good So, I shouldn’t translate “Nó khó để xác định xác nhóm nhỏ trở thành nhóm lớn” Therefore, I have a suggested version as: “Thật khó để xác định xác nhóm nhỏ trở thành nhóm lớn.” Example 2:“In this case, it is a clear and commonsense division.” (p30) The real subject in this sentence is “division” and the word “it” is the empty subject Thus, I should not translate as “Trong trường hợp này, phân chia rõ ràng dễ hiểu” My suggested version is: “Trong trường hợp này, phân chia rõ ràng dễ hiểu” Example 3: “There is a longstanding stereotype that men are more instrumental leaders, and women are more expressive leaders.”(p22) In Vietnamese “There is” was often translated into “có” Thus, I translated it as following My suggested version is: “Có định kiến lâu đời nam giới nhà lãnh đạo công cụ hơn, phụ nữ nhà lãnh đạo biểu cảm hơn.” Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 53 Faculty of English CHAPTER IV: DIFFICULTIES AND SOLUTIONS DIFFICULTIES During the time I was studying at Duy Tan University, I have learned many translation skills through theoretical as well as practical subjects Many subjects that I was taught by the teaches help me a lot From that, I had many chances to improve my translation skills and expand my knowledge in many fields However, how to understand, translate and analyze the content of the text exactly is still a really difficult problem for me Although I have learned many subjects on translation, it's not enough for me to get full knowledge on this subject Therefore, I faced some challenges during the time of doing my graduation paper Firstly, my knowledge of the Sociology field is still limited so it influenced on my translation a lot Therefore, it took me a lot of time to read on the Internet and use different dictionaries to find suitable and correct words Secondly, the difficult words with phrases and clauses are three main factors making me worried during the translation process I have to choose a suitable way to transfer the meaning in the source language into the target one Especially, terms of this field and specialized words are also the most difficult to translate As a result, some suggested versions are not smooth and natural Although I studied quite carefully about syntax and semantics at Duy Tan University, there are some structures such as the compound-complex sentences which I found it difficult to analyze and translate exactly Thirdly, some English words not have the equivalent meaning in Vietnamese Sometimes the dictionary does not have the meaning I need, so I asked my supervisor and my close friends which meaning is suitable for the context of that word Fourthly, the grammar in English, passive voice is popular structures Many authors use that structure in their books In Vietnamese, people not usually use that structure and they use the active voice to express what they want to say So in this document, I have to switch between two languages to get the best translation Finally, the time that I had to translate this text is rather short while the length Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 54 Faculty of English text is quite long, so I did not have enough time to study the text carefully and analyze difficult words Moreover, understanding the original idea of the text and being good at grammar and vocabulary are essential to start doing the graduation paper SOLUTIONS Lucius Annaeus Seneca said: "Difficulties strengthen the mind, as labor does the body.” This is a good statement that I am very interested in It means that challenges always bring us many chances and nothing makes people stop So the difficulties mentioned above are my chances During the process of completing my graduation paper, I gained experience in solving difficulties and challenges perfectly Now I would like to suggest some solutions that help me complete my graduation paper The followings are some of my solutions Before doing translation, I read the original text many times to grasp the author's ideas Next, I explore for information or documents about similar fields that I am going to translate By reading, my knowledge is broadened dramatically That is an important factor helping me deal with sectorial idioms quickly and effectively In vocabulary, again, reading, pronouncing and taking notes are also an ideal way to improve our source of vocabulary One more skill that I need to have is looking up meanings in dictionaries A word in the source language may be defined with many equivalent meanings in dictionaries I study all meanings many times to pick out the best choice suiting for the Vietnamese style Basing on the context of the text, to determine equivalent meaning is a valuable tip And if I cannot make a decision, I not forget to ask my friend or those I believe Sometimes I easily make a lucid decision for the first time The more we think about, the more complex the problem is In some cases, I have to use all these tips as my assistance to release an acceptable suggestion Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 55 Faculty of English PART C: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS SUMMARY OF FINDINGS A graduation paper is the most practical chance for me to define what level of my translating ability is at After completing the graduation paper, I realize that what I have learned is still insufficient, so it is essential for me to go deeper and wider The most significant experience I get is that my translating and analyzing skills have been partly upgraded Particularly, I may define what I need to be in the right direction of being a qualified translator in the near future What I need is not only enriching skills related to my major such as translating ability, vocabulary and structure analysis, and so on but also improving my soft skills like presenting skill, formatting skill, and problem-solving skills In addition, through this big task, I acquired clear knowledge about education reality, chances, and challenges From that, I think that I am also a part of the sector of education, so I need to try harder and better to make a small contribution to education Generally, I gained a lot of valuable experience during this time I believe that what I have tried and did will be recognized and appreciated by Duy Tan University, Falcuty of English, my supervisor, and all teachers who have been teaching me for four years SUGGESTIONS 2.1 Implications for Learning The world as we know is forever changing and it has come to influence on how we teach and learn as a society Being a student of Faculty of English of Duy Tan University, I think that students should upgrade their knowledge in all various fields because this will help them limit any confusion in translating and interpreting Especially, we must have a thorough grasp of the structure, syntax, semantic, etc to analyze better and avoid misunderstand the ideal of the author Besides, students need to improve English as well as understand all the ideas that the author wants to emphasize Furthermore, I think students should read more books, novels, and even Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 56 Faculty of English magazines both in their mother tongue and the foreign language that they are learning It not only helps them gain more useful knowledge but also is a good way to increase vocabulary In addition, you should improve your own ability to read and understand the text well In this way, you can surely get the general idea as well as detailed information of the text so that reproducing information can be much simpler If you want to be a good translator, you should cultivate reading comprehension skills, learn many vocabularies to deeply understand the topic that the author mentioned and guess some difficult words in the text 2.2 Implications for Teaching Besides some suggestions for language learners, the implication is indispensable; therefore, I would like to supply some implications for teaching at Duy Tan University in general and the Faculty of English in particular Firstly, the university should create more opportunities for students to experience practically Teachers should be concerned about some subjects such as Translation Theory, Translation and 2, Interpretation & 2, Syntax, Semantics, Advances Grammar to develop their translating knowledge and ability It's essential and indispensable to students during the process of doing the graduation paper To build the attention and concentration for students, teachers should create an interesting atmosphere to attract students' attention such as playing some simple mini-games, quizzes, and organize competitions among groups in the class It can be a good idea to increase the interaction between students and teachers in each lesson Moreover, the teacher should encourage students even when they get mistakes It helps students feel more confident and try their best to overcome their mistakes Secondly, in my opinion, teachers should provide students with more tourism terms and other terms such as technical, sociology, science and so on because students often choose the tourism book or marketing or science book to translate and analyze in a graduation paper If students not know about those, they will certainly meet many difficulties Thus, learning the specific terms while studying at university will help us equip some necessary knowledge to master the challenges in Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper 57 Faculty of English future jobs Finally, I hope Duy Tan University will extend some useful extra-curriculum so that students can study many tourism projects Because I believe this will help us have a lot of experience and knowledge and we can be more confident to complete this graduation paper And I hope the suggestions above will be useful and beneficial for both learners and teachers Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper Faculty of English REFERENCES Books: [1] Bell R.T, (1991), Translation and Translating: Theory and Practice, Harlow: Longman [2] Catford J.C, (1991), A Linguistic Theory of Translation, Oxford University Press [3] Newmark P, (1988), A textbook of Translation, New York: Pergamon Press [4] Manh Quang Nguyen, (2009), Translation Theory, Internal Use at Duy Tan University [5] Huu Ngoc, Sổ tay người dịch Tiếng Anh Dictionaries: [6] Cambridge Dictionary [7] Oxford Dictionary [8] The Free Dictionary [9] Urban Dictionary [10] Longman Dictionary Websites: [11] http://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki [12] http://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech [13] https://tienganh247.info/ngu-phap-c66.html [14] http://www.translationdirectory.com [15] http://englishpro.edu.vn/ Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 Graduation paper Faculty of English SUPERVISOR’S COMMENTS  Supervisor: Doan Thi Dieu Lan, M.A Phan Nguyen Kha Vy-2220316348 ... replaced by the form of the TL (the language of the translated text) The purpose of translation is to transfer the meaning of the SL into the TL This is done by going from the form of the first language... rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text.” In translation the form of the SL (the language of the text that is to be translated) is replaced by. .. aim of an analysis of the suggested translation of chapter VI “Society and Social Interaction” from the book "Introduction to Sociology”, the second edition by Openstax The graduation paper provides