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Third person deixis is a deictic reference toa referents not identified as the speaker or addressee and usually implies the genderthat the utterance refers to, for example: he, she, they
THUONG MAI UNIVERSITY ENGLISH FACULTY DISCUSSION SUBJECT: ENGLISH PRAGMATICS Topic Deixis and Distance Lecturer : Dương Thị Hồng Thắm Group : Class : 231ENTH293101 Ha Noi - 2023 DISCUSSION INFORMATION Group: Class: 231ENTH293101 School: Thuong Mai University Subject: Pragmatics Topic: Deixis and Distance Presentation assessment: No Student code Name Duties Definition of Evaluation Deixis 21D170205 Nguyễn Thị Hằng 21D170120 Nguyễn Thanh Huyền Person deixis 21D170020 Phạm Mai Linh Spatial deixis 21D170278 Hoàng Thị Thu Trang Temporal deixis 20D170103 Phạm Thị Phương Thảo Discourse deixis 21D170202 Nguyễn Thu Hà Social deixis 21D170152 Trịnh Thanh Bình Deixis usage 21D170122 Vũ Thị Hương Deixis and grammar 21D170147 Đặng Thị Mỹ Anh Exercise 1-2 21D170133 Trịnh Thị Kim Oanh Exercise 3-4 10 and Deictic center Discussion process Meeting The meeting Time and Place Task 1st - Online via gg meet - Vote leader and secretary - At 9pm on August 14, - Require all members to make the outline 2023 - Be a unified way of working (submit deadline via gg drive, exchange work via chat group at Zalo) - Assign duties The 2nd - Online via gg meet meeting - Test run and balance the time, correct the - At 9pm on August 17, unreasonable things 2023 Presentation - On August 18, 2023 - Present OUTLINE A INTRODUCTION B MAIN BODY I Definition of Deixis and Deictic center .6 Definition Deictic center II Types of deixis Personal deixis Spatial deixis Temporal deixis 12 Discourse Deixis 14 Social deixis 16 III Relationship between deixis and grammar 18 Deixis usage 18 Deixis and grammar 19 C CONCLUSION 20 EXERCISE: 22 D REFERENCES 31 A INTRODUCTION Deixis is viewed as it introduces subjective, attentional, intentional as well as context-dependent properties into natural languages It can be viewed as a much more pervasive feature of languages than normally recognized one This may lead to a complicated treatment within formal theories of semantics and pragmatics Deixis is also critical for our ability to learn a language, which philosophers for centuries have linked to the possibility of comprehensive definition Deixis is referenced by means of an expression whose interpretation is relative to the (usually) extralinguistic context of the utterance, such as who is speaking the time or place of speaking the gestures of the speaker, or the current location in the discourse In this essay, our group will present the topic: “Deixis and distance: Types of deixis; relationship between deixis and grammar.” B MAIN BODY I Definition of Deixis and Deictic center Definition Deixis is a technical term (from Greek) which means ‘pointing’ via language Any linguistic form used to “point” is a deictic expression Deictic expressions are also called indexicals The indexicals include person deixis to indicate people, spatial deixis to indicate location and temporal deixis to indicate time Words like and and , as well as most pronouns, such as are deictic expressions In linguistics and in philosophy of language, an indexical behavior or utterance symbolically points to (or indicates) some state of affairs refers to whoever is speaking; refers to the time at which that word is uttered; refers to the place of utterance Deixis usually requires a speaker and hearer sharing the same context It is an application of a general pragmatic principle which says that the more two speakers have in common, the less language they will need to identify familiar things Deictic center Deixis refers to the context of the speaker either using “near speaker” (proximal terms) or “away from speaker” (distal terms) of deictic expressions There is a basic distinction between things “near” or “away from” the speaker Proximal terms: this, here, now Distal terms: that, there, then Proximal terms are typically interpreted in terms of the speaker's location, or the deictic center, so that “now” is generally understood as referring to some point or period in time that has the time of the speaker's utterance at its center Distal terms can simply indicate “away from the speaker" Document continues below Discover more from: ngôn ngữ khoa 2001 Trường Đại học… 140 documents Go to course II Types of deixis Personal deixis AV 11 UNIT Global Warming khoa ngôn ngữ 100% (7) 1.1 Definition: Personal deixis refers to the way language points Group to the participants in a conversation It involves the use of words and expressions Presupposition&… that refer to the speaker 18 person) Personal deixis is (first person), the listener (second person), and others (third khoa ngôn ngữ essential in communication as it helps to identify who is speaking, who is 100% being (5) addressed, and who is being referred to 1.2 Three forms of personal deixis: Those directly involved- the speaker and the person/people addressed: Slide marketing I am learning English 129 Can you open the door? khoa ngôn ngữ 100% (3) Third parties not involved in the exchange but the subject of it: She's standing next to you SlideinLýit: thuyết People mentioned in the exchange but not nearby or involved I wanted to be here earlier, but they delayed me.60 1.3 Kinds: dịch Good khoa ngôn ngữ 100% (2) The first person deixis is a reference that refers to the speaker or both speaker and referent grouped with the speaker, which is expressed in singular pronouns (I, me, myself, mine) and plural pronounsĐỀ-THI-VẤN-ĐÁP(we, us, ourselves, our, ours) 15 TIẾNG- Trung-1.4 The second person deixis iskhoa a deictic reference to a ngôn 100% (1) ngữ yourselves, your, person or people identified as addressees, such as you, yourself, yours Third person deixis is a deictic reference to Ngữ implies âm học a referent(s) not identified as the speaker or addressee and usually the (B1&B2) gender 1029065 that the utterance refers to, for example: he, she, they, him, himself, her, herself 71 In many languages, these deictic categories of speaker,khoa addressee, ngôn and other(s) 100% (1) ngữ are elaborated with markers of relative social status (for example, addressee with higher status versus addressee with lower status) Expressions that indicate higher status are described as honorifics Third-person pronouns are distal forms in terms of person deixis The third person is not a direct participant in basic interaction Using a third-person form where a second-person form would be possible is one way of communicating distance (and non-familiarity) Communicating distance: ● An ironic or humorous purpose Eg: Would like some juice? (one person, who is very busy in the kitchen, addresses another, who's being very lazy.) ● Make potential accusations less direct didn't close the door after himself (Instead of saying, “You didn’t close the door,”) ● Make a potentially personal issue seem like an impersonal one has to close the door after himself or herself ( instead of saying, “You didn’t close the door,” ) ● State general 'rules' close the door after ourselves around here ( instead of saying, “You didn’t close the door,” ) In English, There is an exclusive 'we' (speaker plus other(s), excluding addressee) and an inclusive 'we' (speaker and addressee included) In English, the ambiguity present in provides a subtle opportunity for a hearer to decide what was communicated Either the hearer decides that he or she is a member of the group to whom the rule applies (i.e., an addressee) or an outsider to whom the rule does not apply (i.e., not an addressee) In this case, the hearer gets to decide the kind of 'more' that is being communicated Eg: Shall we go to the park? -> We-inclusive: includes the listener(s) Eg: We want to eat pizza, but you want to eat soup -> We-exclusive: excludes the listener(s) The inclusive-exclusive distinction may also be noted in the difference between saying 'Let's go' (to some friends) and 'Let us go (to someone who has captured the speaker and friends) The action of going is inclusive in the first but exclusive in the second Spatial deixis 2.1 Definition Spatial deixis describes the way language refers to spatial locations, such as those related to the speaker and the listener It involves the use of spatial markers and indicators, such as adverbs, pronouns, and prepositions, to indicate the location of objects or events in space 2.2 Types of spatial deixis In Modern English there are essentially two forms: a Near the speaker (proximal deixis): referring to what is close to the speaker think of 'this', 'here', 'these' This here These b Far from the speaker (distal deixis): refers to what is distant, or away, from the speaker; usually, these would be: 'that', 'there', and 'those' there That those However we still cannot denote the complete meaning of the utterance unless there is certain contexts in the speech, hence “here, there, this, these” might refer to every kind of area and object being this a room, a city, a apple or a country 2.3 Forms of spatial deixis + Relative position which describes from where the person is, was or will be Therefore it depends on the position of the speaker If the speaker moves, the sentence may no longer be true: