Chương 1- Nghĩa vụ hợp đồng

Luật Thương mại là một lĩnh vực quan trọng của pháp luật, quy định về các quy tắc và quyền lợi liên quan đến việc thực hiện và quản lý các giao dịch kinh tế thương mại giữa các doanh nghiệp và các bên liên quan khác. Mục tiêu của Luật Thương mại là tạo ra một hệ thống pháp luật công bằng và minh bạch để hỗ trợ và bảo vệ quyền và nghĩa vụ của các bên tham gia trong giao dịch thương mại.

Chapter 1

Civil Obligation

TAN P.P NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF ECONOMIC AND LAW

Obligations in Civil Code

2.1 Definition and features of

obligation

S Definition: Article 274 CC 2015

S Obligations means acts whereby one or more entities (hereinafter referred to as obligors) must transfer objects, transfer rights, pay money or provide valuable papers, perform other acts or refrain from performing certain acts in the interests of one or more other subjects (hereinafter referred to as obligees).

Subjects (Chủ thể) of

obligations

S Obligors (bên có nghĩa vụ)

S Obligees (bên có quyền)

2.2 Bases for giving rise of

obligations

S 1 Contracts;

S 2 Unilateral legal acts;

S 3 Unauthorized performance of acts;

S 4 Unlawful possession or use of or receipt of benefits from

property;

S 5 Causing damage through unlawful acts;

S 6 Other bases as provided by law.

Chiếm hữu, sử dụng, hưởng lợi trái pháp luật về tài sản

nhặt được của rơi thì chủ sở hữu đến xác nhận thì sẽ hoàn trả lại cho thân chủ/ bảo quản tài sản hoặc giao lên cho chính quyền

hợp đồng

hành vi pháp lí đơn phương

Hành vi không được ủy quyền

gây thiệt hại bằng hành vi trái pháp luật

các căn cứ khác theo quy luật pháp luật

2.3 Transfer right to demand

(Art 365 C.C.2015)

S A party having the right to demand the performance of a civil obligation may transfer such right to demand to a subrogatee of the obligee as agreed, except in the following cases:

S The right is the right to demand support or the right to demand compensation for any damage resulting from harm to life, health, honor, dignity or reputation;

S The obligee and the obligor agree that the right to demand may not be transferred;

chuyển quyền yêu cầu

A cho B mượn tiền, C mượn tiền A Vậy A có thể qua đòi trực tiếp với C

Điều kiện: phải có sự đồng ý bên có quyền cuối cùng (bên thế quyền),

Phải thông báo cho C

S Where a person having a right to demand transfers such right to a subrogatee, the subrogatee of the obligee shall become the person having the right to demand The transfer

of right to demand does not require the consent of the obligor.

writing of the transfer of the right to demand, unless otherwise agreed If the person transferring the right fails to notify the obligor thereby the obligor incurs expenses, the person transferring the right must pay for those expenses.

2.4 Transfer obligation (Art 370 C.C.2015)

S An obligor may transfer a civil obligation to a subrogatee of the obligor with the consent of the obligee, except where the obligation is personal to the obligor or where the law provides that the obligation may not be transferred.

S Upon a transfer of the obligation, the subrogatee of the obligor shall become the obligor.

S Where a secured civil obligation is transferred, the security shall terminate, unless otherwise agreed.

2.5 Performance of obligations

S Article 277 Places for performing obligations

S Article 278 Time-limits for performing obligations

S Article 279 Performance of obligations to deliver

objects

S Article 280 Performance of obligations to pay

money

S Article 287 Performance of severable obligations

S Article 288 Performance of joint obligations

chậm 1 ngày là nghĩa vụ phải trả

Places for performing obligations

S The place for performing an obligation shall be

agreed by the parties.

S Where the parties do not have an agreement, the place for performance of the obligation shall be:

S a) The location of the immoveable property, if the object of the obligation is immoveable property;

S b) The place of residence or head office of the

obligee, if the object of the obligation is moveable property.

Time-limits for performing obligations

S The time-limit for performing an obligation shall be as agreed by the parties or as provided by law.

S If the obligor performs the obligation prior to the limit and the obligee accepts such performance, the obligation shall be deemed to have been fulfilled on time.

time-S Where the parties do not have an agreement on the limit for the performance of a civil obligation, a party may fulfill the obligation or demand the fulfillment of the obligation as the case may be at any time, but must give reasonable prior notice to the other party.

time-Performance of obligations to deliver

objects

S A person having the obligation to deliver an object must take care of and preserve the object until the time of delivery.

S Where an object to be delivered is a distinctive object,

the obligor must deliver that particular object in the same condition as agreed If there is no agreement as to the quality, the object delivered must be of average quality.

S The obligor must bear all expenses related to the

delivery of an object, unless otherwise agreed.

a distinctive object : vật đặc định là vật duy nhất không có vật thứ hai

Khi muốn mua đúng cái xe đó thì người bán phải giao đùng cái xe đó không được giao xe khác cùng loại Áp dụng điều 2

Performance of obligations to

pay money

S An obligation to pay money shall be performed in full,

strictly on time, at the place and by the method as agreed.

S The obligation to pay money shall include the payment of interest on original debt, unless otherwise agreed.

Trễ 1 ngày không trả là tính lãi

lãi có thỏa thuận ko đc quá 20%/ năm

lãi không thỏa thuận là (306 Luật thương mại) lãi suất nợ quá hạn trung bình dựa trên án lệ 09 của TAND tối cao

một nửa mức trần (theo 468 khoản 2 BLDS)

Performance of severable

obligations

S Where more than one person jointly performs an obligation and each person has a clearly defined share of the obligation which is severable from that of the other person, each person must perform only its own share of the obligation.

Performance of joint obligations

S Joint obligation means an obligation which must be performed by more than one person and which the obligee may request any one of the obligors to perform in its entirety.

S When one person has performed an obligation in its entirety, such person may require the other joint obligors to make payment for their respective shares of the joint obligation to such person.

S Where an obligee designates one person from amongst the joint obligors

to perform an entire obligation and later releases that person, the other obligors shall also be released from performing the obligation.

S Where an obligee releases one of the joint obligors from its share of the joint obligation, the other obligors must, nevertheless, perform jointly their respective shares of the obligation.

S 3 The obligee waives performance of the obligation;

S 4 The obligation is substituted by another civil obligation;

S 5 The obligation is offset;

S 6 The obligee and the obligor merge;

S 7 The limitation period for a release from the civil obligation has

expired;

S 8 The obligor being a natural person dies, or the obligor being a

juridical person (legal entity) ceases to exist, and the obligation must

be performed by that particular natural person or juridical person;

S 9 The obligee being a natural person dies and the right to demand does not form part of the inheritance property, or the obligee being a juridical person (legal entity) ceases to exist and the right to demand

is not able to be transferred to another juridical person;

2.6 Termination of obligations

(cont.)

S 10 A distinctive object which is the subject matter of the

civil obligation no longer exists and is substituted by another civil obligation.

S 11 Other cases as provided by law.

2.6 Termination of obligations

(cont.)

Case Law

S Practice in class

Thank you for your concentration.