Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt

Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt Giáo án ngữ pháp ôn thi vào 10+ bt

Bảng động từ bất quy tắc Past Ngha participle(V3) Infinitive Past(V2) abide arise awake be bear beat become begin bend bite bleed blow break bring build burn burst buy cast catch choose come cost creep cut deal dig draw dream drink drive eat abode arose awoke was, were bore beat became began bent bit bled blew broke brought built burnt burst bought cast caught chose came cost crept cut dealt dug did drew dreamt drank drove ate Trú ngụ,chịu đựng abode arisen Nổi dậy, lên awoke, awaken Tỉnh dậy ,đánh thức Thì, là, ở, bị been born beaten become begun bent bit, bitten bled blown broken brought built burnt burst bought cast caught chosen come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn dreamt drunk driven eaten Mang, chịu đựng, sinh đẻ Đánh Thành,trở nên Bắt đầu Uốn cong Cắn Chảy máu Thổi Làm vỡ, bẻ gãy Mang lại, đem lại Xây dựng Đốt cháy Nổ Mua Liệng, ném, quăng Bắt, chụp Lựa chọn Đến Trị giá Bò Cắt Giao thiệp, chia Đào Làm vẽ Mơ, mộng Uống Đưa, lái xe Ăn e fall fell fallen Ngã, rơi f A B c d feed feel fight find fly forbid forget forgive get give go grind grow hang have hear hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit know lead lay learn leave lend let lie lose make mean meet mistake pay put read rend fed felt fought found flew forbade forgot forgave got gave went ground grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knelt knit knew led laid learnt left lent let lay lost made meant met mistook paid put read rent fed felt fought found flown forbidden forgotten forgiven got, gotten given gone ground grown had heard hid, hidden hit hold hurt kept knelt knit known led laid learnt left lent let lain lost made meant met mistaken paid put read rent Ni cho ăn Cảm thấy Đánh , chiến đấu Tìm thấy, Bay Cấm Quên Tha thứ Được, trở nên g Cho Đi Xay, nghiền nhỏ Lớn lên, mọc Treo Có Nghe Ẩn, trốn Đụng chạm Cầm giữ Làm đau, làm hại Giữ Quì gối Đan Biết Dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo Để, đặt, để trứng Học, tin Bỏ lại, rời khỏi Cho vay Hãy để, cho phép Nằm dài Mất, đánh Làm, chế tạo Có nghĩa, muốn nói Gặp Lầm lẫn Trả tiền Đặt, để Đọc Xé, làm rách h k l m p r ride ring rise run say see seek sell send set shake shine shoot show shut sing sink sit sleep smell speak speed spell spend spread stand steal stick sting strike swear sweep swell swim take teach tear tell think throw rode rang rose ran said saw sought sold sent set shook shone shot showed shut sang sank sat slept smelt spoke sped spelt spent spread stood stole stuck stung struck swore swept swelled swam took taught tore told thought threw Cỡi (ngụa, xe),đi xe Rung chng Mọc lên Chạy Nói roden rung risen run said seen sought sold sent set shaken shone shot shown shut sung sunk sat slept smelt spoken sped spelt spent spread stood stolen stuck stung struck sworn swept swellen swum taken taught torn told thought thrown Thấy Tìm kiếm Bán Gửi Để, đặt, lập nên Lắc, lay, rũ Chiếu sáng Bắn, phóng mạnh Chỉ, trỏ Đóng lại Hát Đắm, chìm, nhận, chìm Ngồi Ngủ Ngửi thấy Nói, xướng ngôn Làm nhanh Đánh vần Tiêu xài Trải ra, làm tràn Đứng Ăn trộm, cắp Dán, dính Châm, đốt Đánh, co vào Thề Quét Phồng lên, sưng Bơi lội Lấy Dạy Làm rách, xé Nói, kể lại, bảo Nghĩ, tưởng Ném liệng, quăng s t unbend undergo understand upset wake wear win wind write unbent underwent understood upset woke wore won wound wrote unbent undergone understood upset woken worn won wound written PHÇN I - Dàn u Chịu đựng Hiểu Lật đổ, lộn ngược Thức tỉnh w Mặc, bận, mang, đeo Thắng, Cuộn lại, vặn,quay Viết L THUYT + LUYN TP Chuyên đề 1: tiếng anh TT Thỡ Hin ti đơn Hiện tiếp diễn Hiện hoàn thành Quá khứ đơn Quá khứ tiếp diễn Công thức chia  S1 + V/Vs/es ……………  S1 + not/does not + Inf ……  Do/Does + S + Inf ……?  S + am/is/are + Ving …  S + am/is/are + not + Ving …  (be) + S + Ving ………?  S + have/has + P2 ……  S + have/has + not + P2 ………  Have/has + S + P2 ………? (Have: I, we, you, they, Ns Has: she, he, it, N)  S + V2 /V-ed ………  S + did not + Inf ………  Did + S + Inf ……….?  S + was/were + Ving …  S + was/were + not + Ving …  Was/were + S + Ving ……?  When + Quá khứ đơn QK tiếp diễn QK tiếp diễn  While QK tiếp diễn Dấu hiệu chia  Every … ; always, usually, sometimes, never, rarely, seldom, … (đây trạng từ tần xuất)  Once/ twice  Các câu diễn đạt thật đúng, chân lý khoa học, thời gian biểu  At the moment, at this time, at the present, right now, now,…  Các câu mệnh lệnh trước sau VD: look! (nhìn), listen! (nghe), …  Since + (mốc thời gian), Since then  For + (khoảng thời gian)  Already  Lately, recently, just, never, already, yet, up to now, up to present, till now, so far  Yesterday, last month, last week,  Time + ago = time + before  In + (mốc tgqk)  At that time  At … o’clock (tgqk)  Hai hành động xảy khứ hành động xảy trước kéo dài chia khứ tiếp diễn, hành động cắt ngang chia khứ đơn  Hai hành động xảy song song khứ chia khứ tiếp diễn I, She, he, it, N(số ít): was we, you, they, N(số nhiều): were S + had + V3/ V-ed S + had not + V3/ V-ed Quá khứ hoàn Had + S + V3/ V-ed? thành After + QKHT, QKĐ Before/ By the time/ When + QKĐ, QKHT  S + will + Inf …………  S + will + not + Inf …… Tương lai đơn  Will + S + Inf ………? - Hành động xảy trước hành động khác thời điểm khứ  Tomorrow, next month,…  In the future  Time + later  In + mốc tg tlai * this weekend, this summer At ……+ thời gian tương lai Tương lai gần  S + am/is/are + going to + Inf Tương lai tiếp  S+ will be + V-ing diễn *Chú ý:  Thì thường: Am I Is She, he, it, N(số ít) To be Are We, you, they, N(số nhiều) Do, don’t, V-nd I, we, you, they, N(số nhiều) Động từ Does, doesn’t, Vs,es She, he, it, N(số ít) thường Ves: động từ kết thúc sh, ch, s, o, x THÌ TƯƠNG LAI GẦN (NEAR FUTURE TENSE) tương lai đơn Thì tương lai gần: A USAGE Thì tương lai gần dùng để: Nói việc làm tương lai thời điểm nói, người nói định làm - I’m going to spend my holiday in the country (Tôi nghỉ vùng quê) - When I grow up, I’m going to work as a teacher (Khi lớn lên tơi làm giáo viên) Dự đốn việc xảy tương lai thông qua tình - Look at the black clouds It is going to rain (Nhìn đám mây đen kìa, trời mưa đấy) - I feel dizzy now, I think I’m going to be ill (Bây giờ, tơi cảm thấy chóng mặt, tơi nghĩ tơi ốm mất) • Thì tương lai gần thường có trạng từ thời gian tương lai kèm như: Tomorrow, tonight, the day after tomorrow, next week, next month, next jun, in year’ time (Năm năm nữa) • To go thường dùng tiếp diễn - They are going to shopping tomorrow (Ngày mai họ mua sắm) - They are going to Ha Noi next week (Tuần tới họ Hà Nội) THÌ TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN * Khi dùng tương lai đơn ? - Khi muốn diễn tả hành động mà người nói định thực nói + I AM SO HUNGRY I WILL MAKE MYSELF A SANDWICH = Tơi đói bụng q Tơi tự làm cho bánh mì sandwich - Khi muốn diễn tả lời hứa: + (I PROMISE) I WILL NOT TELL ANYONE ELSE ABOUT YOUR SECRET = (Tơi hứa) tơi khơng nói cho biết bí mật bạn - Khi muốn diễn tả dự đoán tương lai + IT WILL RAIN TOMORROW = Ngày mai trời mưa - Trong câu, có mệnh đề phụ thời * Lưu ý: gian tương lai, mệnh đề phụ KHƠNG dùng tương lai đơn, dùng đơn; mệnh đề ta dùng tương lai đơn + WHEN YOU COME HERE TOMORROW, WE WILL DISCUSS IT FURTHER = Ngày mai bạn đến đây, bàn thêm BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG VỀ THÌ I Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple : I (be) a teacher of English at a junior school in Bac Giang She often (get) _good marks at Maths They usually (work) five days a week It (not rain) _ much in our country in winter How many people (be) there in your family? What _your father (do) ? – He is an engineer Lan usually (play) _the piano after school your school (have ) _an English club? My teacher always ( help) us to difficult exercises 10 The Earth (circle) _the sun once every 365 days II Put the verbs in brackets into the present progressive : I (read) an interesting book at the moment He (write) a long novel at present The students (plant) _trees in the garden at the moment Look! Our new teacher(come) Where is your mother? – She (water) _the flowers in the garden Do not turn off the TV! She (watch) the weather forecast III Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple or present progressive : My father (plant) some fruit trees in the garden now What your _father (do) in the evening?- he usually (watch) TV but sometimes he (read) _books We (not go) _ to the zoo very often Lan and Phong (be) _in the kitchen They (prepare) _dinner 5.How you (feel) now?- I (feel) a bit tired Look! The plane (fly) _toward the airport It (land) _ We’ll go out when the rain (stop) What you (do) now? – We (play) soccer Bears (like) honey 10 Where (be) _your mother? – She (be) in the bathroom Maybe, she (have) a bath IV Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple: I (have) _a busy day yesterday My parents (buy) _this house 20 years ago I (phone) _her last night but she (not answer) _ Her mother (take) _her to the zoo last Sunday _you (be) at home yesterday morning? He (come) _into the room, (turn) on the TV, (sit) _on the sofa and (begin) watching TV I (not do) my homework last night, I (go) _out with my friend When you (start) learning English? He wishes he (be) _a millionaire 10 What would you if you (win) lottery? V Put the verbs in brackets into the past progressive: I (do) _my homework when he phoned me last night They (wait) for me at o’clock last night My children (play) with the toys while I (prepare) _dinner We (talk) on the phone at this time yesterday He (walk) _home when he saw the accident VI Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or past progressive: At this time last Sunday,they (play) soccer What _you (do) at o’clock last night?- I (listen) _to music Mr Lam (work) _in the library when the phone rang Of couse I know them They (live) next door to me some years ago 5The children (play) tennis when it (start) _raining My cousin and I (watch) a film on TV last night when my brother (come) .He (watch) the end of the film with us I (practice) _speaking English while my sister (play) with toys Brad (leave) _Bac Giang last Sunday When I (come) , they (talk) _about the show on TV 10 The dog (attrack) _Mr Pitt when he (walk) _along quietly VII Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect: He (live) in Bac Giang for 20 years They (know) each other since 2000 you (do) _the homework yet Mrs Lan (teach) _in this school since 1998 Nam isn’t here He just (go) _out I (read) this book several times AIDS (kill) a lot of people recently She never (eat) _ this kind of this food before I (not meet) him since we left school 10 How long you (work) _ for this company? VIII Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or past simple: you (watch) _the news on TV last night? I (not see ) _him for months _you ever (win) _a competition? –Yes, I (win) a photographic competition in 2001 He smiled at me in a friendly way when he (see) me The band Super Junior (be) famous in our country recently you (meet) him when you were at university They have lived in this flat since they (come) _ My teacher wasn’t at home when we (arrive) He (just go) out _you ever (connect) _a printer? I (know) _how to connect it since I (be) twelve 10. you (see) _the film Harry Porter yet? – Yes, I (see) last year IX Put the verbs in brackets into the simple past or past perfect Tom ……………… (give) me the book yesterday but I knew he ……………… (not read) it When I arrived home I realized that I ……………… (not phone) my grandparents The postman ……………… (come) after I ……………… (leave) the office When the old lady ……………… (return) to her flat, she ……………… (see) that burglars ……………… (break) into My grandmother ……………… (make) some cheese sandwiches when I ……………… (get) home at 5.30 By the time Linda ……………… (park) her car, her boyfriend ……………… (drink) two cups of coffee I wondered where I ……………… (see) him before My dog ……………… (be) hungry because he ……………… (have) nothing to eat since breakfast I ……………… (recognize) him because I ……………… (see) his photo in the newspaper before 10.Paul wasn’t at the party when I arrived (He/ go) home BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP VỀ THÌ EXERCISE 1: Use the correct form of verbs in brackets In all the world, there (be) 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 only 14 mountains that (reach) above 8,000 meters He sometimes (come) to see his parents When I (come) , she (leave) for Dalat ten minutes ago My grandfather never (fly) in an airplane, and he has no intention of ever doing so Right now I (attend) class Yesterday at this time I (attend) class Tomorrow I’m going to leave for home When I (arrive) at the airport, Mary (wait) for me Margaret was born in 1950 By last year, she (live) on this earth for 55 years The traffic was very heavy By the time I (get) to Mary’s party, everyone already (arrive) I (visit) my uncle’s home regularly when I (be) a child That book (be) on the table for weeks You (not read) it yet ? David (wash) _ his hands He just (repair) the TV set You (be) here before? Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year We never (meet) him We don’t know what he (look) like The car (be) ready for him by the time he (come) tomorrow When we (arrive) in London tonight, it probably (rain) _ It (rain) hard We can’t anything until it (stop) Last night we (watch) TV when the power (fail) That evening we (stay) _ up to talk about the town where he (live) for some years I (sit) down for a rest while the shoes were being repaired London (change) a lot since we first (come) to live here While we (talk) on the phone the children (start) fighting and (break) a window I (spend) a lot of time travelling since I (get) this new job When I (meet) him , he (work) as a waiter for a year After he (finish) breakfast he (sit) down to write some letters She (have) a hard life, but she’s always smiling EXERCISE 2: Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D When I last saw him, he A has lived B is living We in London C was living D has been living Dorothy since last Saturday A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen The train half an hour ago A has been leaving Jack B left C has left D had left the door A has just painted B paint C will have D painted painting My sister for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked I Texas State University now A am attending B attend C was attending D attended Christopher Columbus American more than 500 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had been discovering He fell down when he towards the church A run B runs C was running D had run They table tennis when their father comes back home A will play B will be playing C play D would play 10 I in the room right now A am being B was being C have been being D am 11 I to New York three times this year A have been B was C were D had been 12 I’ll come and see you before I for the States A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave 13 John a book when I saw him A is reading B read C was reading D reading 14 Almost everyone for home by the time we arrived A leave B left C leaves D had left 15 By the age of 25, he two famous novels A wrote B writes C has written D had written 16 When her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week A was reading B wrote C was written D had written 17 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I to play A try B tried C have tried D am trying 18 Since , I have heard nothing from him A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left 19 After I lunch, I looked for my bag A had B had had C have has D have had 20 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book A walking B walked C walks D walk 21 Henry into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner A was going B went C has gone D did go 22 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner A finish B finishes C will finish D finishing 23 I will be glad if he with us A had gone B did go C went D goes 33 Ask her to come and see me when she her work A finish B has finished C finished D finishing 34 Turn off the gas Don’t you see that the kettle 10 ? A boil B boils C is boiling D boiled 35 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow A leave B are leaving C leaving D are left 36 He always for a walk in the evening A go B is going C goes D going 37 Her brother in Canada at present A working B works C is working D work 38 I to the same barber since last year A am going B have been going C go D had gone 39 Her father when she was a small girl A dies B died C has died D had died 40 Last week, my professor promised that he today A would come B will come C comes D coming Chuyên đề : DNG CA NG T I To – infinitive.( To V) Sử dụng trường hợp sau: - sau động từ: agree, appear, arrange, attempt, ask, decide, determine, fail, endeavour, happen, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, promise, prove, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, volunteer, expect, want - sau tính từ: trừ It’s no use/ It’s no worth/ S + be busy + V- ing - sau phó từ: enough, too, - cấu trúc: - It + takes/ took + O +(time) + to-inf - S + V + O +(not) + to-inf ( V: ask, get, tell, want, advise, request, ) * Eg: I want to buy a new house I’m glad to pass the exam II Bare infinitive.( INF) Sử dụng trường hợp sau: - sau Model Verbs như: can, may, must, will, shall, would, should, would rather , had better, - cấu trúc với V : make, let, have S+ make + O + Inf S + let + O + Inf S + have + O + Inf - cấu trúc với V động từ tri giác: see, hear, notice, feel, *Eg: I can speak English very well I hear him come in III GERUND V+ing ( Danh động từ : động từ thêm “ing” ) Theo sau trường hợp sau ta thường sử dụng động từ thêm “ing”: Sau động từ: like, dislike, love, fancy, enjoy, hate, stop, suggest ( đề nghị ), practice/ practise ( thực hành), miss ( bỏ lỡ ), avoid ( tránh ), begin, start, finish, spend , … + V.ing Ex: a The sale of jeans stopped growing because the worldwide economic situation got worse in the 1990s b She practices speaking English everyday Sau giới từ: in, at, for, from, to, by, after, before, … 11  The last time …………………………………………………………………… 26 It started to rain at two o`clock => It has ……………………………………………………………… 27 they have learnt English for ten years  They started .…………………………………………………………………… 28 I haven't written to you for a month  I last …………………………………………………………………… *Rewrite the sentences using “It takes / took/ will take” : 1/ I go to school by bicycle in ten minutes - It takes me ten minutes to go to school by bicycle It + takes/ took + O + Time + to + V…… 2/ He did that exercise in an hour It took …………………………………………………………………… 3/ I need fifteen minutes to get to the post office …………………………………………………………………… 4/ He spent the whole morning writing the composition …………………………………………………………………… 5/ We needed two days to paint the house …………………………………………………………………… 6/ He will need three hours to this work …………………………………………………………………… 7/ He spends one hour reading newspapers …………………………………………………………………… 8/ They finished their work in three days …………………………………………………………………… 9/ Jane will need a lot of time to complete this report …………………………………………………………………… 10/ We spent a day cleaning the house Chuyên đề 10 : tính từ trạng từ so sánh 1/ TNH TỪ: - Tính từ đứng trước danh từ: Adj + N - Tính từ đứng sau động từ liên kết: be, feel, sound, smell, taste, look, get, become 2/ TRẠNG TỪ: Adj + ly => ADV (eg: slow => slowly) - Trạng từ đứng sau động từ, bổ nghĩa cho đt: V + Adv - Trạng từ đứng đầu câu bổ nghĩa cho câu - Trạng từ đứng trước tính từ, bổ nghĩa cho tính từ * câu bị động trạng từ tình thái đứng trước PII 3/ CÂU SO SÁNH 3.1 So sánh : S1 + be + as + tính từ + as + S2 (trợ động từ tương ứng) V trạng từ Ex: he is as tall as I am 3.2 So sánh không bằng: S1 + be not + as + tinh từ + as + S2 (trợ động từ tương ứng) trợ phủ định + V as trạng từ Ex: Lan is not so nice as her sister 3.3 So sánh hơn: a) Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn (là từ âm tiết, âm tiết tận “y” (trừ “ly”), “er”, “ow”) S1 + (be/V) + Adj / Adv + er + than + S2 35 Ex: She is shorter than I am b) Tính từ/trạng từ dài S1 + (be/V) + more + Adj / Adv + than + S2 (trợ động từ) Ex: She is more beautiful than her sister 3.4 So sánh : a) Tính từ/trạng từ ngắn : S + (be/V) + the + Adj / Adv + est + ………… Ex: Hoa is the tallest in my class b) Tính từ/trạng từ dài: S + (be/V) + the most + Adj / Adv + ………… Ex: I’m the most intelligent in my class Notes: Tính từ/ trạng từ So sánh So sánh good, well Better the best bad, badly Worse the worst much, many More the most little Less the least far farther the farthest Cách biến đổi câu từ tính từ sang trạng từ ngược lại: TÍNH - DANH: S1 + is/am/are + a/an +Adj +N ĐỘNG – TRẠNG: S1 + Inf/Vs/es + Adv Cách thành lập danh từ người: * Theo quy tắc: + V + er => N play (v)-> player (n) teach (v) -> teacher (n) write (v)-> writer (n) drive (v)-> driver (n) work (v) -> worker (n) run (v) => runner (n) swim (v) => swimmer (n) Nếu có từ mơn học/ thể thao chuyển môn học /thể thao lên trước danh từ (play tennis => tennis player + V + or => N Collect (v) =>collector Visit (v) => visitor Invent(v) => inventor Edit(v) => editor * Không theo quy tắc: study (v)-> student (n) type (v) -> typist (n) cycle (v)-> cyclist (n) cook (v) => cook (n) Exercises on COMPARISON Give the correct comparision form of the adj/ adv in the brackets: The gas bill is as ……………………… ……as the electricity bill ( expensive) He bought the ……………………… …… petrol he could find ( cheap ) Her teacher speaks …………………… …………than ours ( slow) She sings ………………………… ……than anyone in the choir ( beautiful) 36 What’s …………………………… ….in your life ? ( happy) Is Vietnam ……………………………… than Britain ? ( large ) Living in the city is ……………………… ………than living in the countryside ( noisy) Who is …………………………… …teacher in your school? ( young ) What is ……………………………… mountain in Vietnam? ( high ) 10 Minh is ……………………………… … student in our class ( good ) Rewrite the following sentences: The black car is cheaper than the red car -> The red car ……………………………………………………………………………………… Barbara cooks better than Mike does -> Mike doesn’t ……………………………………………………………………………………… His car runs fast but a racecar runs faster -> His car doesn’t …………………………………………………………………………………… Lan’s sister doesn’t sing as beautifully as she does -> Lan sings ………………………………………………………………………………………… This is the most delicious cake I’ve ever tasted -> I’ve ……………………………………………………………………………………………… There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John -> Mr John is……………………………………………………………………………………… My father can’t speak English as fluently as he used to -> He used to ……………………………………………………………………………………… Have you got any bigger handbag than this one? -> Is this ……………………………………………………………………………………………? There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother -> Your mother …………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Both Nam and Lan are hardworking -> Nam works…………………………………………………………………………………… 3- Em viết lại câu sau cho nghĩa câu không thay đổi: Ex: He is a careful driver => He drives carefully 1-Long is a bad swimmer =>Long swims………………………… ………………… ………………… ………… 2-My brother cycles slowly =>My brother is……………… ………………… ………………… …………… 3-Miss Lan is a fast runner =>Miss Lan runs………………… ………………… ………………… ………… 4-Mrs Oanh cooks well => Mrs Oanh is……………… ………………… ………………… …………… 5-Khanh is a fluent English speaker =>Khanh speaks………………… ………………… ………………… ………… Finish the second sentences, keep the same meaning: Ex: Mary is the thinnest student in the class  No other student in the class is as thin as Mary Mr Thanh is the fattest man in the village No one………………………………………………………………………………… Russia is the largest country in the world No country………………………………………………………………………………… The Nile is the longest river in the world 37 No river………………………………………………………………………………… Everest is the highest mountain in the world No mountain………………………………………………………………………………… The whale is the biggest animal in the world Chuyên đề 11 : mệnh đề quan hệ - đại từ quan hệ 1- Relative pronouns: a) Khái niệm: Đại từ quan hệ từ đứng liỊn sau danh tõ ®Ĩ thay thÕ cho danh tõ v làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu cách hay tính từ sở hữu mệnh đề phía sau Danh từ đứng tr-ớc đại từ quan hệ gọi tiÒn ngữ b/Đại từ quan hệ trạng từ quan hệ:  Who: người mà, (Bổ ngữ cho dt người, làm chủ ngữ: thay cho He/she/they…  whom: người mà, (Bổ ngữ cho dt người, làm tân ngữ: thay cho him/her/them/you… )  “Whose”: (bổ ngữ cho dt người/vật, làm tính từ sở hữu: thay cho his/her/their/your/our/my  Which: mà, (bổ ngữ cho danh từ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ: Thay cho It/They/it/them…)  That: = who/which: Bắt buộc phải dùng that số trường hợp sau: - Trong câu so sánh HCM is the biggest city that I’ve known - Trong câu có từ: everyone, everybody, everything, noone, nobody, nothing, all, only - Tiền ngữ DT gồm người vật  where: nơi mà bổ nghĩa cho từ nơi chốn (thay cho here/there/the place ) +Where = in/ at which: dïng thay cho tiền ngữ từ nơi chốn nh-: city, village, house, school, place…… Ex: The house is large We live in the house => The house where/ in which we live is large  when: mà ( the time, the day ) +When = at/ on which: dùng thay cho tiền ngữ từ thời gian nh-: day, time, year, month…………… Ex: Sunday is a day I am the least busy on Sunday =>Sunday is the day when/ on which I am the least busy  why: lí (the reason ) +Why: Dïng tiỊn ngữ reason: Ex: This is the reason For the reason, I left early =>This is the reason why I left early * Lưu ý: - danh từ người + who + V - danh từ người + whom S + V - danh từ người +.whose + danh từ - danh từ vật + which +(S) + V - danh từ nơi chốn + where + S + V - danh từ thời gian + when + S + V - danh từ người vật + that 2) §Ĩ kÕt hợp câu đơn thành câu ghép sử dụng đại từ quan hệ: -Tìm từ có liên quan với (cïng chØ ng-êi, vËt hc sù viƯc) ë câu -Xác định câu mệnh đề quan hệ ( thng câu việc 38 xảy tr-ớc, câu việc diễn ra, có tính lâu dài hay hiển nhiên) -Thay từ liên quan đại từ quan hệ t-ơng ứng -Viết mệnh đề quan hệ có chứa đại từ quan hệ sau từ mµ nã thay thÕ *Examples: 1-This is the man He teaches me English => This is the man who teaches me English 2-She is a doctor I met her yesterday => She is a doctor whom I met yesterday 3-He met the girl Her eyes were blue => He met the girl whose eyes were blue 4-The books are interesting They are on the top of the shelf => The books which are on the top of the shelf are interesting 5-The dog is beautiful You see it in Lan’s house => The dog which you see in Lan’s house is beautiful 6-This is the man His son is working in the same office with me => This is the man whose son is working in the same office with me 3- Relative clauses a.Khái niệm: -Mệnh đề quan hệ mệnh đề đ-ợc bắt đầu đại từ quan hệ có vai trò bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng liền tr-ớc b.Phân loại: *Có loại mệnh đề quan hệ: Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định -Là phận thêm thông tin cho -Là phận gắn bó câu, danh từ đứng tr-ớc thiếu câu không đủ nghĩa -Không đ-ợc bỏ đại từ quan hệ -Có thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ -Có thể bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ -Không thể bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ -Mệnh đề phải đặt hai dấu -Không có dấu phẩy -Đ-ợc sử dụng that phẩy -Không đ-ợc sử dụng that -Tiền ngữ d từ riêng, Ex2: The boy who is standing đại từ định next to Lan is my brother Ex1: Nguyen Du, who wrote the work “Kim Van Kieu”, is a great Viet nam poet - Tiền ngữ từ xác định: + Nhóm1: danh từ riêng + Nhóm2:danh từ sau tính từ sở hữu (my/your/his/her/their/our)và đại từ định(this/that/these/those) + Nhóm3: danh từ đồ vật Ex: The Sun, the Moon,… + Nhóm4: danh từ sau cụm giới từ Ex: the woman in a red hat I Choose the best answer: He told me about a student had taken the entrance exam five times A who B whom C which D x Family members live apart try to be together at Tet A which B who C where D whom The secretary I talked to didn’t know 39where the meeting was A whom B that C x D A, B & C You need to talk to a person you can trust You will feel better if you A which B whose C where D whom Mandy is the kind of person to one can talk about anything A that B her C whom D whose Some of the students to the party can’t come A who invited B was invited C invited D invite I didn’t believe him at first but in fact, everything was true A they say B they said C what they said D how they said The book my father is interested is very expensive in which B which in C which D in that I felt very sorry for the woman was stolen A whose car B that her car C which her car D x 10 I’d like to see the photo A took B you took it C that you took D that you took it 11 The building by Mr Pike looks very nice A which built B building C whose built D built 12 The time you gave me the money is too late A in which B that C when D on which 13 We know the place she has gone for holiday A when B why C which D where 14 The reason .he failed was obvious A when B where C which D why 15 The boy to the hospital is better now A to take B taken C taking D took II Combine the following sentences using a suitable relative pronoun We have a new teacher We really like her …………………………………………………………………………… She’ll tell you the story That story will surprise you ……………………………………………………………………………… A bus goes to the airport It runs every half an hour …………………………………………………………………………… I’ll stay with Adria His brother is one of my close friends …………………………………………………………………………… The book is about the girl She runs away from home …………………………………………………………………………… A dictionary is a book It gives the meaning of words …………………………………………………………………………… The man was very kind I talk to him She is the woman I told you about her ……………………………………………………………………………… Lan is my classmate She lives near my parents’ house …………………………………………………………………………… 10 Mrs Duyen teaches us chemistry Her lessons are so interesting …………………………………………………………………………… 11.The girl is very friendly She lives next door to us The girl 12.I went to see the doctor She had helped my father 40 I went to see the doctor 13.Mary was wearing the red dress It was made in France Mary was wearing the red dress 15.Ann talked to a man He won a lot of money Ann talked to the man 16.The couple has got married again Their divorce was in the newspaper The couple 17.He is an architect He designed the new city library He is the architect 18.Jerry sent me a letter It was very funny Jerry sent me the letter 19.London has over million inhabitants It is the capital of England London, 20.Do you know the song? It is being sung on TV Do you know the song ? 21.I don't know the man He gave me this book I don't know the man 22.The book is interesting I am reading it The book 23.Do you know the man? He lives next door to me Do you know the man ? 24.Neil Armstrong was a well-known person He first walked on the moon Neil Armstrong, 25.Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616 He wrote "Romeo and Juliet" Shakespeare, 26.His house doesn't have electricity It is in the forest His house 27.James Watt was a great scientist He invented the steam engine James Watt, 28.The guard was punished He let a prisoner escape The guard who 29.We are always proud of my dad He is the best person in the world We are always proud of my dad 30.I have recently visited the school I used to study there I have recently visited the school III- Fill in each of the blank with “who/ which/ whose/ that/ whom” The boy…………………I’m looking for is very tall They are going to see a movie……………… is on tonight A dog …………… I love is sleeping She helps Martin, ……………….lives the next door, homework I know the kids………………… house is next to my house The man and his cat………………… sunbath every morning, are sitting in an armchair My father is talking to a man……………… you met at the party last night The house ……………… owner was absent has just been sold I didn’t find my keys, …………………I left left somewhere else 10 They had looked after the sick man………………… relatives had leved far away Chuyên đề 12 : CụM §éng tõ Cụm động từ: dạng động từ kèm với 1, nhieuf giứi từ mà làm biến đổi hoàn toàn nghĩa động từ gốc V+ prep => Phrasal verb 1/ turn off: tắt = switch off 41 2/ turn on: bật = switch on 3/ turn down: vặn nhỏ 4/ turn up: vặn to 5/ look after: trông nom = take care of 6/ look at: nhìn 7/look for: tìm kiếm 8/ look up: tra từ điển 9/ go for (a picnic) 10/ stay with: với 11/ go on = keep on : tiếp tục 12/ listen to: nghe 14/ break/broke down: vỡ 15/ wake up: đánh thức Cụm động từ tách rời cụm động từ tách rời 1/ Cụm động từ tách rời: V + prep + O / N V + O / N + prep Eg: Turn the light off, please turn off the light 2/ Cụm động từ tách rời Eg: I have to look after my sister * Các dạng tập: Chọn đáp án đúng, điền từ vào chỗ trống 1-Use prepositions to complete the sentences a They turn _ the water to repair a pipe b It’s cold in here Turn the heating, please c Who’s going to look the children while you’re away d He is looking his pen all morning Complete the sentences Use the verbs given: turn off, go on, look for, look after, turn down a After graduating from college, he want to a job b “ Please the radio, it’s too loud” c Remember to all lights before you leave your room d Don’t be depressed by your result studying or you’ll get even worse ones e Mrs Mai is a baby sister to her baby Put in the correct prepositions: a Why don’t we turn _ television The Miss Contest is on now b They turn the water while they repair a burst pipe c Who’s looking the baby when you are away? d Are you still looking _ a job? e If you keep using more and more cars, we’ll run out of oil 4.Complete the sentences, using a suitable preposition a The radio is a bit aloud Can you turn it _ a bit, please b The children are asleep Don’t wake them _! c There were a few words that I didn’t understand, so I look in my dictionary e Sorry I’m late The car broke _on the way here f I’ve lost my keys Can you help me look _ them? g We spent the evening listening _ records h Are you interested reading books? i Thank you for your looking _ my children when we were away CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13: TÓM TẮT MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CÂU Một số cấu trúc câu cần ghi nhớ Cấu trúc với “began/ started” ( bắt đầu 42 làm từ ) S + began/started + to V/ V-ing + time + ago = S + have/has + P2 / been V-ing + for + khoảng thời gian Cấu trúc với “last” (lần cuối ) S + last + V-qk + time + ago = S + have/ has + not + for + khoảng thời gian = It’s + time + since + S + last + Vqk = The last time + S + Vqk + was + time + ago Cấu trúc với “the first time ” (lần đầu làm ) This is the first time + S + have/ has + P2 = S + have/ has + never + P2 + before = S + have/ has not + P2 + before Cấu trúc với “too/ so + adj + that ”( làm ) S + be/V + too + adj/adv + (for sb) + to sth.: = S + be/V + so + adj/adv + that + S2 + can’t/ couldn’t + sth Ví dụ: The coffee is too hot for him to drink (Cà phê nóng để anh uống.) = The coffee is so hot that he can’t drink (Cà phê nóng đến mức anh uống được.) He ran too fast for the police to catch him (Hắn ta chạy nhanh để cảnh sát không bắt được.) = He ran so fast that the police couldn’t catch him (Hắn ta chạy nhanh cảnh sát bắt được.) Cấu trúc với “enough” S + be + adj + enough + to sth = S + be + not + adj (từ trái nghĩa với câu gốc + to sth Ví dụ: She is too young to drive a car (Cơ q tuổi để lái xe.) = She isn’t old enough to drive a car (Cô chưa đủ tuổi để lái xe.) Cấu trúc với “It’s + adj” (Rất để khơng làm ) It’s + adj + (for sb) + to sth = V-ing + sth + be + adj + (for sb) = S find V-ing/ it/ N + adj + to sth Ví dụ: It’s easy for me to climb the mountain (Thật dễ cho tớ leo lên núi đó.) = Climbing the mountain is easy for me (Leo lên núi đơn giản tớ.) = I find it easy to climb the mountain (Tớ thấy dễ dàng để leo lên núi đó.) Cấu trúc với so sánh a This is the + adj(+ est)/ most adj + danh từ + S + have/ has + P2 = S + have/ has + never + P2 + such a/an + adj + N = S + have/ has + never + P2 + a more + adj + N than (this +N) Ví dụ: This is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen (Đây cô gái xinh mà tớ gặp.) = I have never seen such an beautiful girl 43 (Tớ chưa gặp cô gái xinh này.) = I have never seen a more beautiful girl than this girl (Tớ chưa gặp cô gái xinh cô gái này.) b S + be + the + adj(est)/ most adj + in/ of + N = No one + in/ of + N + is + as + adj + as + S = No one + in/ of + N + is + adj(er)/ more adj + than + S Ví dụ: Sam is the tallest girl in her class (Sam cô gái cao lớp.) = No one in Sam’s class is as tall as her (Không lớp Sam cao cô ấy.) = No one in Sam’s class is taller than her (Không lớp Sam cao cô ấy.) Cấu trúc đưa lời khuyên S + should/ ought to/ had better + V = If I were you, I would + V = It’s time for + sb + to + V = It’s time + S + V(qk) Ví dụ: You’d better go right now (Tốt hết bạn nên bây giờ.) = If I were you, I would go right now (Nếu tớ bạn, tớ bây giờ.) = It’s time for you to go now (Đã đến lúc để bạn ngay.) = It’s time you went (Đã đến lúc bạn phải rồi.) Cấu trúc chuyển từ mệnh đề sang cụm danh từ với although in spite of/ despite ; because – because of *Although/ Though/ Even though + clause (S+V) = Despite/ In spite of + Noun/gerund (V-ing), clause (S + V) = Despite/ In spite of + the fact that S+ V, clause (S + V) Ví dụ: Although they don’t have money, they still live happily (Mặc dù họ tiền họ sống hạnh phúc.) = Despite no money/ having no money, they still live happily (Dù khơng có tiền họ sống hạnh phúc.) = In spite of the fact that they don’t have money, they still live happily (Mặc dù thật họ khơng có tiên họ sống hạnh phúc.) * Các công thức biến đổi từ mệnh đề sang cụm từ ngược lại: Nếu chủ từ mệnh đề giống nhau: - Bỏ chủ từ, động từ thêm ING Ex: Although Tom got up late, he went to school on time => Despite / In spite of getting up late, Tom went to school on time Nếu chủ từ danh từ + be + tính từ: - Đem tính từ đặt trước danh từ, bỏ to be Ex: Although the rain is heavy, => Despite / In spite of the heavy rain, Nếu chủ từ đại từ + be + tính từ : 44- Đổi đại từ thành tính từ sở hữu, đổi tính từ thành danh từ, bỏ be Ex: Although he was sick, => Despite / In spite of his sickness, Nếu chủ từ đại từ + động từ + trạng từ: - Đổi đại từ thành tính từ sở hữu, động từ thành danh từ, trạng từ thành tính từ đặt trước danh từ Ex: Although he planned carefully, => Despite / In spite of his careful plans, Nếu câu có dạng: there be + danh từ: - Thì bỏ there be Ex: Although there was an accident, => Despite / In spite of the accident, … Tất câu dùng Although+ mệnh đề đổi sang cách Despite/ In spite of the fact that + mệnh đề * Chuyển đổi tương tự với Because thành Because of Ex: Because he was sick, he stayed at home - Because of his sickness, he stayed at home 11 Cấu trúc mục đích S + V + so that/ in order that + S + V = S + V + to + V Ví dụ: Linh learns English so that she can get a good job (Linh học tiếng Anh để có công việc tốt.) = Linh learns English to get a good job (Linh học tiếng Anh để có công việc tốt.) 10 Đưa gợi ý Let’s + V = Shall we + V ? = How/What + about + V-ing ? = Why don’t we + V ? = S + suggested + V-ing Ví dụ: Let’s go to the cinema (Chúng ta xem phim nhé.) = Shall we go to the cinema? (Chúng ta xem phim nhé?) = How about going to the cinema? (Đi xem phim nhỉ?) = Why don’t we go to the cinema? (Tại không xem phim nhỉ?) = I suggested going to the cinema (Tớ gợi ý xem phim.) 11 Cấu trúc với “remember/forget” Remember + to + V = Don’t forget + to + V Ví dụ: Remember to close the door when you go out (Nhớ đóng cửa ngồi nhé.) = Don’t forget to close the door when you go out (Đừng quên đóng cửa nhé.) 12 Cấu trúc với “not only but also S + be/ V + not only + but also 45 = S + be/ V + both and Ví dụ: John is not only intelligent but also handsome (John thông minh mà đẹp trai.) = John is both intelligent and handsome (John vừa thông minh vừa đẹp trai.) 13 Cấu trúc với “spend + time” S + spend + khoảng thời gian + V-ing = It + takes + (sb) + khoảng thời gian + to + V LUYỆN TẬP Finish the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, beginning with the given words He has lived here since last two years → He has John finds it very difficult to drive a car → It’s 3: The train couldn’t run because of snow → Because it was 4: She prefers watching TV to listening to music → She’d rather 5: Knowing many languages is very useful → It’s 6: We spend two hours driving to the seaside → It takes 7: No one invited Jane to the party → Jane 8: Though they were rich, they didn’t have a happy family → In spite of 9: Shall we have dinner together tonight? → How about 10: I am sorry I didn’t finish my homework (because) → 11: The water is cold The children can’t swim (that) → 12: Jane is tall No one is taller than her in the class (the) → 13: He is old He often plays tennis (spite) → 14: You don’t have a bike You need a new bike (wish) → 15: Although it rained heavily They played soccer → Despite 16: Hurry up or you’ll be late for school (If) → 17: He spends about fifteen minutes walking to his office everyday (take) → 18: It is such a heavy box that I can’t carry it (so) → The box is so 19: I don’t like the car The car is the most expensive here (which) 46 → 20 He was tired because he stayed up too late last night ( because of) ………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 Although he behaved badly, his mother forgave him - In spite of ………………………………………………………………… 22 What’s a pity! I don’t know her phone number - I wish ………………………………………………………………… 23 They have built a new school in the area recently - A new ……………………………………………………………………… 24 This exercise was so difficult that I couldn’t it - It was …………………………………………………………………… 25 The water is so cold that he can’t swim - The water is too………………………………………………………… 26 The test was too long for me to complete in an hour - The test was so …………………………………………………………… 27 He is not old enough to take part in the game - He is too…………………………………………………………………… 28 The room is too small for us to live -The room is not ……………………………………………………… 29.The last time I went to Ho Chi Minh City was ten years ago It…………………………………………………… 30.It's the first time I've been to New York I haven’t 31.I started teaching English three years ago I have 32.No one in my class is more intelligent than Lan Lan 33.It’s two years since we last saw Mr Jones  We haven’t ……………………………………………………………………………… 34.I have learnt English for 10 years now  I began ……………………………………………………………………………………… 35.The Pikes haven’t visited Paris for years  The last time ……………………………………………………………………………… 36.When did he start teaching Physical Education in this school ?  How long ………………………………………………………………………………………… 37.We haven’t seen Mary since we left the university  We last ………………………………… 38.He is too short to play basketball He is not 39.It took me a fairly long time to answer all my e-mails I spent 40.She has never eaten lobster before This is the NGỮ ÂM 1- Cách phát âm /id/: t, d: (đếm tiền) Ed /t/:ch, se/ss, k, ce, x, sh, p, gh : (chị sáu ko có xe SH pùn ghê) 47 /d/: âm cịn lại * Lưu ý: SE phát âm thành /s/ hoặc/z/, số từ ko nằm quy tắc closed, - GH phát âm thành/f/ ko phát âm nên từ weigh, plough, ko nằm quy tắc s, es /iz/: ge, ch, ce, x, sh, se, ss /s/: k, p, /f/, t, th /z/: ( ge chở xe sh sang sơng) (ko phí fạm tiền thưởng) âm lại * Lưu ý: âm /f/ quy tắc từ có GH như: laugh, cough gh âm câm: light, night, flight… /f/: enough, laugh, cough, rough… ch /k/: school, christmas, character, chemistry, stomach, technology, chorus, scholar / /: champagne, machine, schedule… / t /: children, chicken, choose,… /k/: can, cook, cut… c / /: ocean, official, efficient, musician, … /s/: centre, century, circle, bicycle, city, receive… âm câm: hour, honor, honest, ghost, vehicles, … h / h/: hat, house … t / / - ion: nation, invention, translation, collection /t / - ure: picture, future, lecture, literature, nature … /t / tea, teacher, take… /θ/: thank, think, thought, math,… th /ð/: this, that, these, than, mother, brother, then TRỌNG ÂM Những từ có sau thường có trọng âm rơi vào nó: • ee: • eer: • ese: • re: agree /ə'gri:/; referee /refə'ri:/ volunteer volunteer /vɒlən'tiə/ Vietnamese /vjetnə'mi:z/ questionnaire /,kwest∫ə'ner/ 48 • ique/-esque:unique /ju:'ni:k/ • oon: ba’loon Những từ có tận -ic, -sion, -tion, -cy, -ty, -phy, -gy,-ical dấu trọng âm thường rơi vào trước 49