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Grammar practice A Tenses of the verb (Thì động từ) THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Hiện đơn Động từ tobe (+) S + is/ am/ are + O (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + O (?) Is/ am/ are + S + O? Động từ thường (+) S + V-inf/ s/ es + O (-) S + do/ does + not + V-inf + O (?) Do/ does + S + V-inf + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ tần suất: always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly, never, … every (day/ week/ night/ month…) in the morning/ afternoon/ evening (+) S + is/ am/ are + V-ing + O Hiện tiếp diễn (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + V-ing + O (?) Is/ am/ are + S + V-ing + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ thời gian: now, right now, currently, at present, today, this week Các câu cảm thán: hurry up! look! (+) S + has/ have + Ved/ V3 + O Hiện hoàn thành (-) S + has/ have + not + Ved/ V3 + O (?) Has/ have + S + Ved/ V3 + O? Dấu hiệu just/ ever/ never/ already since + mốc thời gian since + QKĐ, HTHT for + khoảng thời gian so far, not yet, up to now, lately, before (cuối câu) twice, three times, many times Công thức chuyển đổi QKĐ HTHT 1* câu đồng nghĩa: The last time + S + V2/ed + was + ktg + ago (in/when) S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/ed + since/for + time S + last + V2/ed + ktg + ago (in + năm / when + mđề) It is/has been + time + since + S + (last) + V2/ed 2* Đây lần làm gì: Đề: S + have/has + not/never + V3/ed + before → This/It is the first time + S + have/has + V3/ed 3* S + started/began + to V/Ving + ktg + ago (in/when ) = S + have/has + V3/ed + for + ktg (since + mtg/mđề) [* Chú ý coi chừng đề bắt đổi sang thể bị động HTHT] 4* When + did + S + start/begin + to V/V-ing ? Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà = How long + have/has + S + V3/ed ? = How long ago + did + S + start/begin + to V/V-ing ? = How long is it since + S + V2/ed ? When + was the last time + S + V2/ed ? = When + did + S + last + V1 ? Động từ tobe Động từ thường (+) S + was/ were + O (+) S + Ved/ V2 + O Quá khứ đơn (-) S + was/ were + not + O (-) S + did not + V-inf + O (?) Was/ were + S + O? (?) Did + S + V-inf + O? Dấu hiệu Các trạng từ thời gian khứ: yesterday, ago, last (week/ month/ year/…) in + năm khứ When + QKĐ (+) S + was/ were + V-ing + O Quá khứ tiếp diễn (-) S + was/ were + not + V-ing + O (?) Was/ were + S + V-ing + O? Dấu hiệu By + + trạng từ khứ While + QKTD, QKTD (diễn tả hd xảy song song lúc) When + QKĐ, QKTD/ While + QTTD, QKĐ (diễn tả hd xảy ra, hd xảy trước chia QKTD, hd xảy sau chia QKĐ) (+) S + will + V-inf + O Tương lai đơn (-) S + will not + V-inf + O (?) Will + S + V-inf + O? Dấu hiệu Diễn tả hành động thường định thời điểm nói Các trạng từ thời gian tương lai: tomorrow, next (week/ month …), soon, in the future Các cụm từ: I hope/ think/ expect/ Các từ: probably/ perhaps (+) S + is/ am/ are + going to + V-inf Tương lai gần (-) S + is/ am/ are + not + going to + V-inf (?) Is/ am/ are + S + going to + V-inf? Dấu hiệu Diễn tả dự định, kế hoạch tương lai Diễn tả dự đốn có cứ, chứng EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage I Nottingham Trent University now A am attending B attend C was attending D attended He has been selling motorcycles A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years Columbus America more than 400 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D he has gone Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà He fell down when he towards the church A run B runs C was running D had run We were studying English when it heavily A rains B rained C was raining D will rain The children pingpong at this time tomorrow A will play B will be playing C play D would play By this Christmas, I for you for months A shall have been working B shall work C have been working D shall be working I in the room now A am being B was being C have been being D am I to New York three times this year A have been B was C were D had been 10 I will come and see you before I for America A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave 11 The little girl asked what to her friend A has happened B happened C had happened D would have been happened 12 John a book when I called A is reading B read C was reading D reading 13 He said he before A returns B returned C has returned D had returned 14 Jack school when he was 17 A left B leaves C has left D was left 15 They have been waiting for you A since early morning B since a.m C for two hours D all are correct 16 My sister for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked 17 Sam the door recently A has painted B paint C will have painted D painting 18 The train half an hour ago A has been leaving B left C has lelt D had lelt 19 We him since last Sunday A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen 20 We were playing the guitar while our father in his room A works B is working C was working D has been working Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay He has She started working here last year She has We began eating lunch when it started to rain We have _ I last had my hair cut when she left me I haven’t _ Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà The last time he met me was months ago He hasn’t It is a long time since we last met We haven’t When did you have this computer? How long This is the first time I had such a delicious meal I haven’t _ I haven’t gone to work for a month The last _ 10 I haven’t talked to him for days It is _ 11 We last celebrated Christmas years ago We 12 Linda hasn’t had her teeth checked since last year The last _ 13 Michelle began to collect stamps in 2015 Michelle _ 14 When did they start opening this shopping center? How 15 I haven’t been to the zoo for over the year The last time _ 16 She began to play tennis years ago She has 17 She began to play tennis in 1990 She has 18 It began to rain hours ago It _ 19 It began to rain at 3:30 It _ 20 This is the first time she has seen the film She has 21 This is the second time she has seen the film She has 22 He has not swum for years It _ 23 She has not gone out for weeks It _ 24 We have not jogged for months The last _ 25 We have not jogged since August The last _ Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà The passive voice (Thể bị động) THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Câu bị động Chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Active : Subject + Verb + Object Passive : Subject + Verb + by Object (tobe + V-ed/ V3) Các bước chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động Bước 1: Xác định tân ngữ câu chủ động, chuyển thành chủ ngữ câu bị động Bước 2: Xác định (tense) câu chủ động chuyển động từ thể bị động theo công thức (tobe + V-ed/ V3) Bước 3: Chuyển đổi chủ ngữ câu chủ động thành tân ngữ thêm “by” phía trước Bảng quy đổi thể bị động Tenses Passive (Bị động) Simple Present S + be + V3/ed + by + O Present Continuous S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed + by + O Present Perfect S + has/have + been + V3/ed + by + O Simple Past S + was/were + V3/ed + by + O Past Continuous S + was/were + being + V3/ed + by + O Simple Future S + will + be + V3/ed + by + O Be + going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + V3/ed + by + O Modal Verbs S + modal verb + be + V3/ed + by + O Note - Trạng từ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O - Trạng từ thời gian đứng sau by + O E.g: He was showed to the cinema by an old man He was showed to the cinema by an old man yesterday - Nếu chủ ngữ câu chủ động từ phủ định đổi sang câu bị động phủ định E.g: Nobody likes him He isn’t liked - Các chủ từ Someone, Anyone, People, He, She, We, You, I, They …trong câu chủ động bỏ “by + O” câu bị động E.g: We grew rice last year Rice was grown (by us) last year Câu bị động với động từ nhờ vả, sai khiến Chủ động: The teacher made his students all the make + O + V1 homework MAKE Bị động: The students were made to all the homework by be + made + TO_V the teacher HAVE Chủ động: They had the mechanic repair their car Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà have + O (người) + V1 Bị động: They had the car repaired by the mechanic have + O (vật) + V3/ed Chủ động: They got the mechanic to repair their car get + O (người) + TO_V GET Bị động: They got the car repaired by the mechanic get + O (vật) + V3/ed Ex 1: Thomas has his son buy a cup of coffee Thomas has a cup of coffee bought by his son Ex 2: Shally got her husband to clean the kitchen for her Shally got the kitchen cleaned by her husband Ex 3: Suzy makes the hairdresser cut her hair The hairdresser is made to cut the hair by Suzy EXERCISE (BÀI TẬP) Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following passage This house in 1990 by my grandfather A is built B was built C built D has built My sister is going this house A sold B sell C to be sold D to sell There’s a man behind us I think we are _ A being followed B be followed C followed D following Over 1.000 new houses _ every year Last year, 1.200 new houses A were built / were built B are built / were built C are building / were built D were built / were being built The next exam in May A will hold B will be held C will be holding D will have held English is _ all over the world A spoken B speak C speaks D to speak Have you _ by a dog? A ever bite B ever bitten C ever been bitten D ever been bite The house _ since last week A bought B has bought C was bought D has been bought The homework _ by Nam every day A is done B does C are done D did 10 These exercise must by my students A are finished B finish C be finished D finishing 11 The photos in a Washington studio _ last week A took B have taken C was taken D were taken 12 The robbers _ by the police since A have arrested B have been arrested C was arrested D had arrested 13 Dynamite _ by Alfred Bernhard Nobel in the1860s A had been invented B invented C was invented D was being invented 14 This exercise may _ with a blue-ink pen A be written B be to write C be writing D write Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà 15 Last night a tornado swept through Rockville It _ everything in its path A destroyed B was destroyed C was being destroyed D had been destroyed 16 When the little boy _ the car, he was badly injured A hit B is hit by C wash it by D is hitting 17 Most forests in other climatic areas _ by human beings A had already been affected B have already been affecting C have already affected D have already been affected 18 The new highway _ and built last year A planned B had planned C was planning D was planned 19 _ to you yet? A Have the comic been given back B Have the comic been give back C Have the comic been gave back D Have the comic being given back 20 As the patient could not walk, he _ home in a wheelchair since this morning A has carried B has been carried C was carried D was carrying Rewrite each of the following sentences in another way so that it means almost the same as the sentence printed before it Passive of tenses I clean the floor every day The floor My mother bought this dress this morning This dress _ She did this exercise two days ago This exercise _ They will send him abroad to study He She used this room This room _ Someone stole my bike yesterday My bike _ He received a letter from his parents A letter She will buy a new house A new house _ They aren’t building my house My house _ 10 He could solve the math problem easily The math problem 11 My mother waters these flowers every morning These flowers 12 Nam invited Hoa to his birthday party last night Hoe was _ 13 Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen The dinner 14 We should clean our teeth twice a day Our teeth 15 Our teacher has explained the problem carefully Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà The problem _ 16 They are going to buy this house This house _ 17 He will visit his parents next month His parents 18 The director didn’t phone the secretary this morning The secretary 19 Nam broke the window yesterday morning The window _ 20 They were doing the test at p.m yesterday The test _ 21 People speak French in many countries in Africa French 22 They are constructing a new bridge over the river A new bridge over the river _ 23 Someone has stolen my cassette player My cassette player 24 They built this school in 1930 This school 25 When I came, they were preparing dinner When I came, dinner _ 26 They offered him a suitable job He 27 My mother bought me a new watch on my sixteenth birthday I was 28 My mother bought a new watch for me on my sixteenth birthday A new watch _ 29 The bill included service Service _ 30 Robots will housework in the future Housework Causative active form She told the police to catch the thief She told _ We shall ask John to give you this book We shall ask _ He had a mechanic repair his car engine He had Mary often asks the postman to mail her letter Mary often asked _ I will ask the painter to paint my house soon I will ask Mr Green has told the electrician to repair his electric fan Mr Green has told _ Alice is going to tell the manicurist to manicure her nails next Sunday Alice is going to tell The actress will ask the photographer to take some photos Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà The actress will ask _ Mr Pikes asked his students to cut their hair every month Mr Pikes asked 10 We must tell the painter to paint our room soon We must tell _ Causative passive form The mother has had her daughter make a dress The mother Did you have anyone paint the chair? Did you _ The boss has had the servant wash his car The boss We have a carpenter make a desk We Mrs Green had had May feed the cat Mrs Green had Stepmother had Cinderella separate the rice from the husk Stepmother Please have someone carry my luggage to the airport Please _ Mr Kim is going to have a tailor make a new shirt Mr Kim is _ She is going to have the shoe-repairman mend her shoes She is _ 10 Mrs Smith is going to have an eye specialist examine her eyes Mrs Smith is Forms of the verb (Dạng động từ) THEORY (LÝ THUYẾT) Những động từ theo sau “V -ing” Cấu trúc Nghĩa admit thú nhận làm deny phủ nhận làm avoid tránh làm delay/postpone/put off hỗn lại làm hate/detest/resent ghét làm enjoy/fancy thích làm imagine tưởng tượng làm involve có liên quan làm keep làm mention đề cập làm mind phiền/ngại làm miss suýt, lỡ làm practice thực hành làm Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà consider xem xét, cân nhắc làm suggest gợi ý làm finish hồn thành làm recommend đề xuất làm be busy bận làm be worth đáng làm look forward to mong đợi làm feel like thích/muốn làm there is no point in = it’s no use/good khơng đáng làm get/be accustomed/used to quen làm spend time dành thời gian làm can’t help/stand/bear khơng thể chịu/nhịn Những động từ theo sau “to -V” Cấu trúc Nghĩa afford có đủ khả làm agree đồng ý làm appear hóa ask u cầu làm decide định làm demand yêu cầu làm expect mong muốn làm happen tình cờ làm hope hy vọng làm intend dự định làm manage xoay xở làm offer đề nghị làm prepare chuẩn bị làm promise hứa làm refuse từ chối làm seem dường làm threaten dọa làm want muốn làm wish ước mơ làm would like muốn, thích làm ask/tell +O bảo làm compel +O bắt buộc làm consider + O xem xét làm expect +O mong đợi làm invite +O mời làm prefer +O muốn làm remind +O nhắc nhở làm Chuyên đề luyện thi vào 10 (2022-2023) - Ms Đàm Hà