Bài giảng Sinh thái môi trường ứng dụng

5/4/2020 TRU'O NG fl~l Hc;>C THUY Lc;>'l KHOA HOA VA MOl TRU'GNG • 80 MON QUAN LY MOl T RLJONG CHU'O'NG GIOI THI~U CHUNG VE SINH THAI MOl TRU'O'NG lYNG DUNG 1.1 KHAI NI~M SINH THAI MOl TRU'ONG litNG Dl,JNG Moi trU'Cmg (MTJ Ia h~ thong cac y~u to v~t ch§t IV' nhien va nhan t;;~o co tac dqng doi v&i s1,1 ton t;;~i va phat tri~n cua ngU'&i va sinh v~t (Theo Lu~t BVMT 2014) :e'~vir~onment and Earth Day • SINH THAI MOl TRU'ONG LrNG Dl:JNG ::::: firlaDool illout.,langdlllll1ott Thanh phAn moi trlFCmg ta y~u tO vat chat tao th3nh m.6i tnr 6'n.g gOm dat, nllerc khong khi, am thanh, anh sang, sinh vat va cac hi nh thai vat chat khac Giang vien: PGS.TS Nguy~n Thj Minh H~ng Email: f>T: 0359607643 HiJ noi- 212020 CHU'O'NG 1· GIOI THI~U CHUNG VE SINH THAI MOl TRlfO'NG UNG Ol)NG SINH THAI MOl TRU'ONG LrNG Dl:JNG Y NGHiA CUA SINH THAI MOl TRU'6'NG U'NG Dl,JNG Y nghia cua vi~c v~n d1,mg nhCfng ki~n thll'c cua STMTUD san Ing dt,~ng - Nang cao nang suat cay trong, v~t nuoi tren co song cua chung so cai tao MT - H;;~n ch~ va tieu di~t cac d!ch h;;~i cho cay trong, v~t nuoi va ngU'oi - Thuan hoa va di giong cac loai sinh vat - Khai thac hqp ly tai nguyen thien nhien, tri da d;;~ng sinh hqc va phat tri~n tai nguyen cho khai thac ben wng - Baa vf# va cai t;;~o MT song cho ngU'ai va cac loai sinh v~t CHU'O'NG GIOI THieu CHUNG V~ SINH THAI MOl TRU'ONG lYNG Ol)NG CHU'O'NG GIO'I THI~U CHUNG VE SINH THAI MOl TRlfO'NG l!NG Ol)NG Y NGHiA CUA SINH THAI MOl TRU'GNG LrNG Dl,JNG - ti~p 1.1 KHAI NI~M SINH THAI MOl TRU'ONG liNG Dl,JNG V! TRi CUA SINH THAI MOl TRU'O'NG lrNG DI)NG TRONG - Giu1p toi U'u hoa viec sU> dvng cac nguon tai nguyen thien nhien, lanh th6, giup quy hoach t6ng th4 phat tri4n lau b~n KHOA HOC MOl TRU'ONG , Sinh thai moi trU'Cmg img d1,mg (STMTUD) Ia mqt phiin men cua sinh thai hc;>c (STH), ma STH bao gbm: c6 si nh thai hc;>c, sinh thai hqc (mg dvng, sinh t hai hqc t~p tinh, thl,l'c v~t dqng v;flt II: Sinh thai h9c (STH) Ia m6n khoa hQC toan cau, nghi€m C'LfU quan h~ gili'a di~u ki~n ngoai cimh va sinh v~t STMTUD Ia nganh khoa hqc Ll'ng d1,1ng hU'&ng t&i mvc lieu cai tao moi trU'6'ng thee hU'6'ng co lqi cho ngU'6'i - Gillp d\1' doan nhCfng bi€ln d6i cua MT tl l'ong lai - Giup nhin nh*n l~i nhCrng kha nang thl,l'c Slf cua nglfoi xay dlfng cac h$ nhan t;;~o thay r6 dU'Q'C nhCfng tac dqng bat lgi cua oon ngU'oi d~n MT - £>~ xu§t cac bi~n phap cai thi~n MT song tren trai dM => CO' sb khoa hc;>c, phU'O'ng thW'NG lrNG DUNG D~c ffi.}m • CHU'O'NG 2: TAC D QNG CUA PHU OU'O'NG HOA D~N H~ SINH THAI chung cua cac ho giau va nghi!o dinh dLtang Die tn.mg Hi~n t11qng 2.2 rae d{lng cua phu dll'O'ng hoa len h~ sinh thai t huy sinh NOng xy· n.roc Cao Thip mUa hit NhiAu IO{'i ~t dQ vii Cao, chU y6u hi tao nOng sui\t thAp, chU yiu Cyanobacteria phu d116'ng hoa vii cac nguyen nhan chinh hi tao Chlorophyceae tao it NhiAu (tao n& hoa) it NhiAu Dqng vot it NhiAu Cil Cil hOi voi cil tr!ng Cil den Hoa 2.3 Bi~n phap ki~m soattac d{lng cua phu diPO'ng hoa d~n h~ s inh NguAn dinh dll'iYng tha i nwc lh1,1'C Vft BAI 2.1 HII~N TU''NG PHU DU'O'NG HOA CUA NU'6'C I KHAI NI.;:M PHU DU'ONG HOA CUA NlfOC Phil dU'O'ng h6a (EUTROPHYCATION) thi,I'C I~ dOi c6n gQi Ia " phi dlfang" ho~c " phi h6a" cua nlf&C Phil dU'O'ng h6a Ia S\1' giau/hay Sl!' dlf thua qua mlic nh!l'ng chat dinh dU'O'ng vo co cung v&i cac chat dinh du·o-ng c6 nguon gOc TV ThOng thLr&ng Ia N,P cac mu6i nitrat va phosphat HO PhU d\I'O'ng h6a sau Tao 2.1 H6 NghCo d inh dlJ"'ong 0Qs3u BAI2.1 Hlf;N TU''NG PHU DU'O'NG HOA CUA NU'6'C Trong hO bi phil dU'O'ng thl cac loai tao phng thl nOng d(l P thap vi! c6 xu hlfong giam Nh6m 1: giam IU'I7flg dinh du>&ng tU> Mn ngoai vao h6 - Khi ti I~ N/P>16/1 thl phu dlfO>ng h6a II! P kh6ng ch~ n~n vi~c dtta P vl!.o hO II! chi s6 then ch6t d~ ki~m soat pM dwng _ P II! ng/16 g/h;;~n d~ d/gia phu dlfO>ng c6 xay hay khong? Nh6m : Thvr: hi~n cac thao taclho~t d(jng longh6 ThLrcng phai ket hqp ca - Khi ty 1~ NIP