Báo cáo nghiên cứu khoa học " PESTICIDES " doc

PESTICIDES Tran Van Hai, Ph.D., Associate Professor Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture & Biotechnology, Can Tho University A. INSECTICIDES 3.1. ORGANO-CHLOR GROUP Chemical pesticides have been available after World War II. - DDT is the first product. - Other organo-chlor insecticides have been subsequently produced. They are composed of C, H, O, S… and Cl. Advantages - Simply produced - Cheap - Diverse formulations (soluble powder, emulsifiable concentrate, dust, granular, etc.) - Easily applied in field conditions - Broad-spectrum, high and long-term effect - Stable and therefore easily stored - Easily degraded in basic condition Disadvantages - Long-term persistence in soil and plants - Polluting environment - In natural conditions, DDT totally degraded within ten years. - Persisting in food chains and residing mainly in adipose tissues of animal and human bodies - Having chronic toxicity and therefore causing cancers, monstrosity, etc. - Having high toxicity on fish and natural enemies SOME ORGANO-CHLOR INSECTICIDES COMMONLY USED IN THE PAST 1. DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloetan) - Commercial products : DDT, GESAROL, ZEDAN - Common formulations: 30EC, 75WP, 10D, 5G, etc. - Technical name: 1,1,1- Trichloro- 2,2 bis (p- chlorophenyl) ethane - Toxicity: LD50 (on mice) = 113mg/kg (the first toxic class) - Being banned 2. BHC - Commercial names: LINDAFOR 90, lindane, 6-6-6, HCH, etc. - Common name: Benzen hexa chlorit - Structural formula: C6H6Cl6 - Toxicity: LD50 = 125mg/kg (the first toxic class) - Being banned 3.ENDOSULFAN - Commercial products: Thiodan 35EC, Thiodol 35EC, Tigiodan 35EC, Endosol 35EC, Thasodan 35 EC - Products are dark red in color and easily degraded in basic condition. - Having light toxicity on honey bees and some natural enemies - Having high toxicity on fish - LD50 (on mice): 40-100mg/kg - Commonly applied on corn, bean, cotton, tobacco, and coffee - Dosage: 350-500g ai/ha (1-1,5 l/ha) -Thiodan belongs to the first toxic class. It is reduced from use in Vietnam. ACTION MECHANISM OF INSECTICIDES Cruiser Plus tác động trực tiếp đến hệ thần kinh của bọ tró, đặc biệt là the post synaptic nerve. Sodium Channel: Pyrethroids Acetylcholine esterase: OP’s, Carbamates Acetylcholine receptor: Neonicotinoids Pre-synapse Post-synapse Synaptic Cleft Actara acts on signal receptor of the central nervous system. 3.2. ORGANO-PHOSPHATE GROUP - Composed of C, H, O, S… and P. - Broad spectrum (effective on Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Homoptera, Orthoptera, Diptera,Hemynoptera and Hemiptera, etc.) - Mode of action: contact, oral and fumigation - Persisting shortly in environment - Rapid effect - Having high acute toxicity due to fast accumulation and strong effect on the nervous system - Excreted via urination - Atropine is one of the detoxicators. - Having high toxicity on warm-blooded animals and natural enemies - Easily degraded in either acidic or basic condition - Easily soluble in organic solvents but low in water 1. METHYL PARATHION - Commercial names: Metaphos, Wofatox, Folidon M, Metacid - Common formulations: 50EC; 1.5D - Toxicity: LD50 (on mice) = 25-50mg/kg (the first toxic class) - Methyl parathion is oxidized inside insects to form Paraoxon which has higher toxicity. - Being banned 2. METHIDATHION ( Supracide 40EC, Suprathion 40EC) 3.DIAZINON (Basudin 40EC, 50EC, 10H) 4. NALED (Dibrom 50EC, 96EC) 5. ENTHOPROPHOS, ETHOPROP (Mocap 10G, NoKaph 10G, 20EC, Vimoca 20EC) 6. DIMETHOATE (Bini 40EC, Bian 40EC, Bi58 40EC, Dithoate 40EC, Tigithion 40EC) [...]... Oxychlorua 30HP/ha Note: Do not applied together with basic pesticides c HYDROXID COPPER - Commercial products: Champion 77 WP, Kocide 61 DF, Funguran 50 WP - Formula: Cu(OH)2 - Usage: leaf and stem canker, algae spot, lichen on citrus… - Apply 0,2-0,3% by spraying on leaves or watering into root areas Note: Do not applied together with basic pesticides 3.2.2 SULFUR FUNGICIDES 3.2.2.1 Inorganic sulfur... Sanvalerate 20EC, Vifenva 20ND, 7 PERMETHRIN Peran 10EC, 50EC, Perkill 50EC, PER Annong 100EC, 500EC, Ambush 50EC,Tigifast 10EC 3.5 BIO-INSECTICIDES 1 HORMONES - Hormones are substances produced from endocrines of living organisms to control their physiological activities Hormone juvenin: -Etofenprox (Trebon 10EC, 20EC, 30EC) -Buprofezin (Applaud 25WP, 40SC, 2G) -Telubenzuron (Nomolt 5SC) -Chlorfluazuron . PESTICIDES Tran Van Hai, Ph.D., Associate Professor Plant Protection Department, College of Agriculture. Agriculture & Biotechnology, Can Tho University A. INSECTICIDES 3.1. ORGANO-CHLOR GROUP Chemical pesticides have been available after World War II. - DDT is the first product. - Other organo-chlor. 50EC,Tigifast 10EC 3.5 BIO-INSECTICIDES 1. HORMONES - Hormones are substances produced from endocrines of living organisms to control their physiological activities. Hormone juvenin: -Etofenprox