LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN TOEIC NHẤT HOÁ Toeic Nhất Hóa Dạy học từ tâm 1 BUỔI 1 THÀNH PHẦN CÂU CƠ BẢN I Chủ ngữ Subject Chủ ngữ có thể là Danh từ, Đại từ, V ing, To V hoặc mệnh đề danh[.]
TOEIC NHẤT HOÁ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH CƠ BẢN LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ TO Toeic Nhất Hóa EI BUỔI 1: THÀNH PHẦN CÂU CƠ BẢN C N I Chủ ngữ - Subject H ẤT Chủ ngữ Danh từ, Đại từ, V-ing, To V mệnh đề danh ngữ (Noun Clause) * Mệnh đề danh ngữ mệnh đề có chức danh từ, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ H Á O Ex: - The company produces cotton goods - They were my co-workers - Having enough rest is important - To get the award was an honor - That he will come is certain Practice (Register, Registration) begins at 7a.m The (cost, costly) of housing rose dramatically last year (Write, To write) a novel is a goal of many creative writers (Eating, Eat) well leads to good health Our (strategic, strategy) is to launch the product in Europe The (satisfaction, satisfactory) of our clients is our highest concern The (different, difference) in cost influenced the decision Check-up The - of accidents should take priority in - should submit their evaluations of this the workplace new hairdryer before leaving A prevent C prevention A Participants C Participate B prevented D preventive B Participated D Participatory The - in the research budget caused a Because of his poor performance, the delay in the design process was dismissed by the director A reductive C reduced A manage C managerial B reduce D reduction B manager D managed Dạy học từ tâm TO EI II Động từ - Verb Toeic Nhất Hóa C Động từ từ biểu thị cho hành động, xuất hay trạng thái N ẤT - The agreement will create new opportunities for the aviation industry - I will explain the rules of the game H Ex: H O Lưu ý: Á - Nếu chủ ngữ danh từ số động từ chia theo số ít, chủ ngữ số nhiều động từ chia theo số nhiều - Động từ khơng dạng To V, V-ing Practice 1.The workers (to commute, commute) to the factory by train She (completing, completed) the course We (agreement, agree) to the terms of the contract The two companies (cooperative, cooperated) on the project These positions (require, requirement) extensive experience The company (to organize, should organize) a training program for staff Mr Lee (purchased, purchasing) new office furniture Dialogue (helpful, can help) people to resolve problems Check-up The CEO - a new management system in the The members of the HR department - every board meeting applicant’s file A will suggest C suggesting A to review C reviewed B suggestion D to suggest B reviewing D reviewer Dạy học từ tâm TO EI III Tân ngữ - Object Toeic Nhất Hóa C Tân ngữ Danh từ, Đại từ, V-ing, To V hay Mệnh đề danh ngữ ( Noun Clause) Á O - The manager wants to see the results H - I finished preparing my presentation ẤT - Mr Hopkins does not know her H - I run a company N Ex: - He asked that we update our computers Practice 1 She found a (locate, location) for the new office Mr Clarkson praised her (able, ability) as an artist He reported the (problem, problematic) to the administrator We signed an (agree, agreement) with a foreign company Many young consumers prefer (to shop, shop) online The labor union demanded the (resign, resignation) of the president Mr Kato considered (launching, launch) a campaign to promote a new PDA Flyaway Service guarantees (deliver, delivery) in three days Practice We hope ( gain, to gain) a greater market share 10 I am writing (inquire, to inquire) whether my order was shipped 11 She is beginning (prepare, to prepare) the company’s anniversary celebration 12 We will need (to enhance, enhancement) the security of our website Dạy học từ tâm TO EI Practice Sắp xếp lại từ sau để tạo thành câu có nghĩa Toeic Nhất Hóa ………………………………………… 14 the contract, our team, finished ………………………………………… 15 my suggestion, the HR manager, likes ………………………………………… 16 some packages, Mr Green, sent ………………………………………… 17 the conference, will attend, Sam & Sara ………………………………………… C 13 they, the issue, discussed N H ẤT H Á O Check-up Our team can design the - according to The proper - of equipment will prevent customers’ requirements injuries A produced C productive A utilization C utilize B product D productively B utilizing D utilized A broadband connection offers the - of Mr Hornby did not notice any - between the immediate access to the Internet two brands of camera A advantaging C advantageous A difference C different B advantageously D advantage B differ D differs Check-up From: Carole Elliot To: Randy Holly Our company (5) - the International Culture Exchange Exposition next month It will be held from June 15 to 18 at the New World Convention Center in Boston, Massachusetts We will have a booth to display our products under the theme “Food” More (6) - is available on the website at www CEExposition.com A attendant B attending Dạy học từ tâm C to attend D will attend A informative C informs B information D inform TO Toeic Nhất Hóa EI BUỔI 2+3: ĐỘNG TỪ VÀ NGỮ PHÁP LIÊN QUAN N H ẤT H Á O Modal verb + Vo Be – Have - Do Active & Passive Sự hòa hợp chủ ngữ động từ Tenses Câu điều kiện If C I Modal verb + Vo ( V-bare infinitive) Động từ khuyết thiếu động từ dùng để bổ nghĩa cho động từ câu S + will/would, may/might, can/could, must, should, ought to, have to + Vo Check-up The computer technician could not - the files To achieve a favorable outcome in today’s from the hard drive because they had been damaged competitive environment, companies should - a by the virus solid business plan A retrieval C retrieving A to create C create B retrieve D retrieved B creating D creates II Các trợ động từ Be – Have - Do Be + V-ing Be + Vqkpt Have + Vqkpt Have + To Vo Do + Vo Dạy học từ tâm TO EI Practice Toeic Nhất Hóa C We should (paid, pay) this bill by next week H ẤT The senior accoutant is (ask, asking) for a higher salary N We have (provide, provided) financial services since 2000 H It was (announced, announce) today that the CEO has resigned Á O No one can (predict, prediction) the stock market Our company will (attend, attendant) the 2030 International Symposium The document didn’t (arrived, arrive) at our office yesterday Check-up The employee cafeteria - excellent meals at New equipment was - to improve the quality reasonable prices of our products A serve C serving A use C used B serves D server B uses D to use To gain access to the company site, you must the password that was sent to you by email Several newspapers have - the decision to build a factory abroad in order to reduce costs A entering C enters A criticize C critical B entered D enter B criticized D criticizing Check-up Senator Owens has publicly - the president’s decision to provide additional subsidies to the electronics industry A commendable C commendation B commended D commend A project analyst should be able to spot any potential problems in a strategic plan before it is A implement C implementing B implemention D implemented Dạy học từ tâm TO EI III Bị động & Chủ động – Active & Passive C Câu bị động chủ động N ẤT → ………………………………………………………………… H The manager has sent a memo to all workers Be + V-ing Have + Vqkpt (Continuous tenses) (perfect tenses) Be + being + V3 Have + been + Vqkpt Simple tenses H Active voice Toeic Nhất Hóa Á O Passive voice Be + V3 Tips: Câu khơng có danh từ làm tân ngữ, 80% câu bị động Nội động từ khơng có dạng bị động (Đọc thêm) Arrive Become Occur Take place Happen Remain Stay Come Rise Consist Grant Assign Ex: She will arrive in Newyork at noon Một số động từ có hai tân ngữ (Đọc thêm) Offer Give sb sth Give Consider John gave Marry a flower → Marry was given a flower Dạy học từ tâm TO EI Practice Toeic Nhất Hóa C Our appliances will (be serviced, service) for free N H The CEO (was paid, paid) a bonus to the employees at the end of the quarter H The process of filling prescriptions should (change, be changed) to prevent mistakes ẤT Management (required, were required) to develop a good relationship with the new partners Á O Check-up The current tenants must - the offices by the The company’s future sales may - by the end of June growth of its competitors A vacant C vacate A affecting C be affecting B vacancy D be vacated B be affected D affect The airline industry - by a government body before 1979 A regulates C was regulated B regulation D was regulating Dạy học từ tâm TO EI Practice N ẤT H B was accepted H B are expected The shop owner - the customer’s demand for a complete refund A accepted C Flights - to arrive on schedule in spite of the poor weather A expected Toeic Nhất Hóa Á A has produced O A local film company - a documentary on the music industry B has been produced The movers - the furniture to the company’s new headquarters A will transport B will be transported Check-up Your name and telephone number should be The research team - to make backup files of - clearly in the space provided below all their work to prevent loss of valuable data A wrote C written A reminded C will remind B write D writing B was reminded D was reminding Dạy học từ tâm TO N H [Adv] = [Adj + ly] ẤT Trạng từ tạo thành cách thêm -ly vào tính từ C I Các hậu tố (đuôi) trạng từ EI D ADVERBS Toeic Nhất Hóa H Á O II Vị trí trạng từ Bổ nghĩa cho động từ Bổ nghĩa cho tính từ Bổ nghĩa cho trạng từ Bổ nghĩa cho câu Practice Ms Byrd (usually, usual) makes coffee when she arrives at the office The president (final, finally) decided to close down the old branch The parcel was sent (mistake, mistakenly) to the wrong address The unemployment rate has been decreasing (relative, relatively) slowly Please make sure that the invitation is addressed (correctly, correct) before mailing it The executive director travels (regularly, regular) for business Dạy học từ tâm 32 TO EI Check-up Toeic Nhất Hóa C N Mr Gifford said the network system will be - Consumer opinion is becoming an operational by January essential factor in project planning H C completing A increase C increasingly B complete D completely B increases D increasing ẤT A completion H O We - inform our subscribers that Kolins Press will stop publishing this month A conscientiously C conscientiousness A regrettable C regret B conscientious D conscience B regretfully D regrets Á All supervisors in the company agreed that Mr Yoshio works - Check-up Mr Ling was hired - after being interviewed for the managerial position at the Boston branch of Inglewood Financial A short C shorter B shortly D shorten A surveyor’s inspection shows that it may be impossible to lay the foundation for the building on the site A technically C technicality B technician D technical Dạy học từ tâm 33 TO Toeic Nhất Hóa EI BUỔI 5: PREPOSITIONS - CONJUNCTION C N I Giới từ nguyên nhân, nhượng bộ, mục đích, ngoại lệ thêm vào ẤT Giới từ H Giới từ nguyên nhân, nhượng mục đích H Ví dụ Traffic was terrible because of an accident Due to the rain, the event was postponed to next Monday Á O because of due to owing to on account of thanks to as a result of despite in spite of Despite his busy schedule, Bill made it to the meeting on time For The corporation is holding an awards ceremony for its staff Một số cách diễn đạt với for For your convenience For safety reasons For further information For sale Giới từ mang nghĩa “ngoại trừ” “thêm vào” Giới từ Ví dụ except (for) ~ ngoại trừ apart from aside from outside I cleaned all the rooms except (for) the bathroom Apart from credit cards, no other payment methods are accepted Deliveries cannot be made outside of business hours Barring ~ khơng (có) Without We will probably finish the report today barring any unexpected problems instead of Use graphics instead of words in addition to ~ thêm vào plus New customers receive a coupon plus a gift Dạy học từ tâm 34 TO EI II in/ at/ on C N Diễn đạt thời gian với in/at/on Ví dụ in 2020 in the 21st century in the morning/afternoon/evening H Giới từ ẤT at the beginning/ end of the month at noon/night/midnight on May 25 on Monday Á on at o’clock O at H in May in Winter in three days in Toeic Nhất Hóa on Christmas Day Diễn đạt nơi chốn với in/at/on Giới từ in ~ at ~ địa điểm cụ thể on ~ in the world/ country at the intersection at the station on the table on the first floor Ví dụ in the city/room/town at the bus stop at Franklin street on the wall Một số diễn đạt với in/at/on Giới từ in at on Cụm diễn đạt thường gặp In advance~ trước In time~ In place~ nơi In effect~ có hiệu lực In particular~ cụ thể In writing~ văn In one’s absence~ vắng mặt In a timely manner~ vào thời điểm thích hợp, In the foreseeable future~ tương lai gần An once~ At times~ đôi lúc At least~ tối thiểu At all times~ lúc At the latest~ muộn At regular intervals~ thường xuyên At high speed~ tốc độ cao At a low price~ mức giá thấp At 60 miles an hour At the rate of~ với tốc độ/ mức độ/ tỉ lệ At the age of~ độ tuổi At one’s expense~ tự trả tiền At your earliest convenience~ sớm theo ý bạn On time~ On a regular basis~regularly On call~ đợi sẵn để giúp On/upon arrival~ đến On/upon request~ theo yêu cầu On vacation~ kì nghỉ On the waiting list~ danh sách chờ On the recommendation of sb~ theo lời khuyên Dạy học từ tâm 35 TO Toeic Nhất Hóa EI C III Liên từ nguyên nhân, nhượng bộ, mục đích, điều kiện N H Liên từ tương quan ẤT either A or B ~ A B not only A but also B ~ A mà cịn B neither A nor B ~ khơng A không B H both A and B ~ A B - We will watch either a movie or a play Á O Ex: - They went neither camping nor fishing - Jack bought not only pants but also shirts Liên từ nguyên nhân because, as, since now that Now that you understand our work schedule, let’s discuss our pay scale Liên từ nhượng Although, though, even if Even though John managed to make a presentation although he was sick Liên từ mục đích So that In order that Passwords are required so that information won’t be accessed by unauthorized people Liên từ kết So/such … that It was such an interesting movie that I watched it twice Liên từ điều kiện if Assuming (that) Assuming that every one is free, the board will gather on Monday Unless Let’s order some lunch, unless you’ve eaten already As long as, providing(that), You can borrow my laptop as long as you return it by noon provided (that), Refunds are available only if items are returned within seven days only if In case(that), in the event that Dạy học từ tâm Exit the building immediately in the event that the fire alarm rings 36 TO EI Practice Toeic Nhất Hóa C H We will have an orientation for newcomers (at, in) noon N The construction of monument is scheduled to start (on, in) February Á O Practice H The National Museum will be closed for renovation (in, on) summer ẤT The website will officially be launched (in, on) New Year’s Day Mr Terry couldn’t attend the meeting (because, due to) he was on a business trip (Despite, Although) she is young, Ms Rowell has much experience in the field (Despite, Although) the recent increase in sales, the overall profits have declined The network access will be suspended (due to, because) the maintenance work Practice The building has (both, either) an outdoor parking lot and underground garage 10 The logo must be not only distinctive (and, but) also professional-looking 11 The consultant advised neither expanding the factory (or, nor) hiring more workers Practice 12 We postponed the construction (because, so) there was not enough funding 13 (If, Although) the government tried to control fuel costs, they increased significantly 14 You need to contact your supervisor (If, Although) you are late to work Dạy học từ tâm 37 TO EI Check-up Toeic Nhất Hóa C N There is optimism - investors regarding the state of the economy H C among D around ẤT A between B after H Á O The interview with the real estate agent is All of the drilling machines are - place and scheduled for tomorrow after noon - o’clock ready to begin oil extraction at the direction of the chief executive A on B at C in D of A to B on C in D by The meeting about new marketing strategies will The post office is conveniently located - the be held - 11 a.m office and the subway entrance A to B on C at D for A among B with C into D between All workers must submit their records to the - her stay in Paris, Ms Lemet supervised the supervisor - the end of the month new branch office A for B by C in D to A For B Upon C About D During Check-up The restaurant offers discounted meals - 10 Mr Huntington will offer advice - our Mother’s Day managers on how to increase sales A at B on C in D by A to B with C on D upon The company’s barbecue party will take place 11 Visitors who want to enjoy beautiful scenery - Hubbard Park may drive - the coast A in B on Dạy học từ tâm C of D at A into B under C along D among 38 TO EI Check-up Toeic Nhất Hóa C N 12 - he joined our company, Mr Park has been 15 - the recent high interest rates, there are working in the sales team many people to apply for a loan A Despite B Unless C Although D While ẤT C Within D Due to H A Since B During H O Á 13 -the internship period has ended, you will get 16 Refunds will be given only - the period of a chance to be hired as a full-time employee 30 days from the purchase A Beyond B During C Between D After A because B for C although D while 14 You are not allowed to renew the books - other 17 The City Museum will be open ——— the patrons are waiting for them scheduled renovation A due to B because of C because D from A once B while C because D after Check-up 18 The commuter train service has been suspended - 21 Profits rose not - because of an increase in - a technical problem sales, but also a reduction in expenses A because B unless C while D because of A only B with C over D less 19 Applicants are required to present - a reference 22 Neither chatting online - checking letter and a photocopy of their social security card personal email is permitted during working hours A all B both C either D neither A or B and C nor D only 20 - promotional experience is helpful, it is not a requirement A and B who Dạy học từ tâm C which D although 39 TO Toeic Nhất Hóa EI BUỔI 6: MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ - CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH H Á O I didn’t get a copy of the report which was handed out yesterday ẤT The students whom Ms Henderson taught were from Japan H Ex: N I Khái niệm C A MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ II Đại từ quan hệ Các đại từ quan hệ + WHO - Là đại từ quan hệ người làm chủ ngữ - Theo sau who động từ Ex: The man who is sitting by the fire is my father + WHOM - Là đại từ quan hệ người làm tân ngữ - Theo sau whom chủ ngữ Ex: The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt + WHICH - Là đại từ quan hệ vật, làm chủ ngữ tân ngữ cho động từ sau - Theo sau which động từ chủ ngữ Ex: This is the book which I like best + THAT - Là đại từ quan hệ người lẫn vật Ex: - That is the bicycle that belongs to Tom - My father is the person that I admire most + WHOSE - Là đại từ quan hệ người vật thay cho tính từ sở hữu - Theo sau Whose danh từ Ex: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom Dạy học từ tâm 40 TO EI III Trạng từ quan hệ Toeic Nhất Hóa Lí ( the reason) why Nơi chốn (the place, building) where Á O Đại từ quan hệ nằm vị trí chủ ngữ + động từ (to be) kèm lược bỏ H IV Giản lược mệnh đề quan hệ ẤT when H Thời gian (day, year, time) N Trạng từ quan hệ C Danh từ phía trước Ex: The location which was selected for the construction is downtown → I need to speak with the person who is responsible for reservations → Đại từ quan hệ nằm vị trí tân ngữ lược bỏ Ex: Laura is the woman whom I called yesterday → Giản lược mệnh đề quan hệ Mệnh đề quan hệ giản lược cách loại bỏ đại từ quan hệ trợ động từ (nếu có) đưa động từ câu quan hệ Ving Vqkpt Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ dạng chủ động → đưa Ving Nếu mệnh đề quan hệ dạng bị động → đưa Vqkpt Ex: The prize was given to the couple who held the wining ticket We provide a range of services which are designed to meet the market’s demand Dạy học từ tâm 41 TO EI Practice Toeic Nhất Hóa N ẤT The consultant (who, he) gave us advice will visit the office tomorrow H Warehouse workers stocked the items (these, that) are popular in stores C Randy Hayes’ book (which, it) studies international banking is a bestseller H Our department manager will produce reports (that, they) evaluate the employees’ performances O The head office must hire someone (this, who) can upgrade its accounting software Á The report includes the sales figures (those, that) we corrected today The company is producing a new tire (who, which) is extremely durable This organization is hiring a PR man (whom, whose) responsibilities will include fundraising The second edition (who, which) will be available soon has an additional chapter 10 Writers (whose, who) work is admired internationally usually write about universal subjects Check-up Shoppers - present a coupon can get a 20 percent The concert - was held in the theater discount yesterday is the best I have ever seen A who B they C there D when A who B which C those D they If the lawyer had had time, she would have verified The company will move into a new office the content of the document - you gave her last building, - Atlantan Builders constructed week A who B those C whose D that A they B it C which D those He recommends this website for anyone - is The secretary printed some invitations - he thinking about buying a car will send tomorrow A when B what Dạy học từ tâm C which D who A which B who C whose D what 42 TO EI Check-up Toeic Nhất Hóa C N The discounts - are available on the company’s 13 Job candidates - are currently employed Website are only valid for a limited period of time must include their date of availability on the application form H A who B whom C which D whose H C that D when ẤT A them B those Á O Recently, the director released a list of engineers 14 Ms Torres applied for a job at the hospital who - to lead the bridge project she did volunteer work while attending university A have selected B will be selecting C have been selected A which D selected B who C how D where Dietary supplements - are produced from 15 Of the three applicants - for appointment synthetic materials are generally safe, but consumers to a managerial position, two have experience should consult a physician before using them working at an overseas branch A whatever B whichever C what D which A suitability B suitable C suitably D suitableness 10 Staff members - would like to visit the food 16 The new shuttle service, - has been and beverages trade fair this week must obtain operating since last year, serves all of the city’s permission from their supervisors main shopping districts A who B which C when D whose A who B what C which D where 11 A contract - has not yet been confirmed by the 17 Attendance is mandatory for the staff meeting management will have no legal standing even if its - for next Tuesday in the council hall terms have been agreed to by an employee A has been scheduled C will schedule A who C whom B scheduling D scheduled B which D of which 12 Genex-Co is a company - president is committed to expanding into the lucrative European and Asian markets A who B whom Dạy học từ tâm C whoever D whose 43 TO EI B CÁC DẠNG SO SÁNH Toeic Nhất Hóa C N I So sánh H Á O Jason usually makes as many mistakes as his colleagues ẤT Ex: H as + tính từ + as II So sánh Đối với tính từ dài more + tính từ + than Đối với tính từ ngắn Tính từ + -er + than Ex: Taking the subway is faster than any other available method III So sánh The most + tính từ (dài)/ The + tính từ (ngắn) + -est Ex: The advertising team has demonstrated the highest productivity in recent years We offer the most comprehensive medical service in this area * Note: Các dạng so sánh so sánh số tính từ đặc biệt - good – better – the best - bad – worse – the worst - many, much – more – the most - litte – less – the least - far – farther, further – the farthest, the furthest Dạy học từ tâm 44 TO EI IV Tính từ ngắn – Tính từ dài Toeic Nhất Hóa C H - Tính từ có âm tiết: short, thin, big, smart… N Tính từ ngắn ẤT - Tính từ có hai âm tiết kết thúc -y, -le, -ow, -er -et: Á O Tính từ dài H Happy; gentle; narrow; clever; quiet… - Các tính từ hai âm tiết khơng kết thúc nêu phần tính từ ngắn Ex: perfect, childish, nervous… - Các tính từ có ba âm tiết trở lên Ex: beautiful (ba âm tiết), intelligent (bốn âm tiết), satisfactory (năm âm tiết)… * Note: Một số tính từ hai âm tiết vừa coi tính từ ngắn, vừa tính từ dài Ex: clever (thông minh), common ( phổ biến), cruel (tàn nhẫn), friendly (thân thiện), gentle (hiền lành), narrow (hẹp), pleasant (dễ chịu), polite (lịch sự), quiet (yên lặng), simple (đơn giản) Practice The size ten envelopes are (better, the best) for sending documents than those small ones Paul is (the bad, the worst) candidate for that position He hates speaking in public Our new handbook is (interesting, more interesting) than our old one (More slowest, The slowest) month of the year is usually January or February Please don't call us between noon and one That is (busy, the busiest) time of day The interior lights seem (brighter, brightest) than they usually You'll get (a quicker, the quickest) response if you call rather than e-mail the board members The flower bouquet was much (beautiful, more beautiful) was delivered on Tuesday Dạy học từ tâm 45 TO EI V Trạng từ nhấn mạnh Toeic Nhất Hóa C Á Dạy học từ tâm O Ex: Football is by far the most popular sport in Vietnam H by far, very, quite dùng câu so sánh ẤT Ex: Anna’s proposal was much(=far = a lot) better than Steve’s H much, even, still, far, a lot dùng câu so sánh N Trạng từ nhấn mạnh đứng trực tiếp phía trước từ cụm từ mà nhấn mạnh 46