Các cách thể hiện lời chúc trong tiếng anh và tiếng việt

LOAN THI HUYEN DIEP MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY GRADUATION PAPER A STUDY ON WISHES EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE Student: Loan Thi Huyen Diep Student ID No: 19010269 Course: 2019 – 2023 Field: English Language Mode of study: Full-time ENGLISH LANGUAGE Supervisor: Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong Ha Noi – 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY GRADUATION PAPER A STUDY ON WISHES EXPRESSIONS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE (CÁC CÁCH THỂ HIỆN LỜI CHÚC TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT) Student: Loan Thi Huyen Diep Student ID No: 19010269 Course: 2019 -2023 Field: English Language Mode of study: Full-time Supervisor: Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong Hanoi – 2023 i i ABSTRACT Being a way for people to communicate with each other, wishes may serve the purposes of expressing senders’ desire and attitude toward other people of different relations There are many important, special occasions in a person’s life, and of the whole society, when wishes can be given or exchanged Wishes can be expressed in numerous ways People’s wishes change over time accompanying the change of society Syntactically, devices noticeable in English and Vietnamese wishes are inversion, parallel structure, repetition, enumeration, elipsis, antithesis and quotation Lexically, the desire of wishes senders in both languages can be expressed through devices like metaphor, metonymy, epithet, hyperbole, and idioms Sharing the same purpose, the ideas in certain English and Vietnamese wishes may not always be expressed by different means, that can be recognized in the frequency of the above-mentioned devices ii DECLARATION I, Loan Thi Huyen Diep - 19010269, certificate that no part of the above report has been copied or reproduced by me from any other person’s work without acknowledgements and that the report is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor Hanoi, 15th June 2023 Supervisor Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong Student Loan Thi Huyen Diep iii ACKNOWLEGEMENT It would not have been possible for me to complete this graduation paper without the help and support of the wonderful people in my life, only a few of whom deserve special mention here First and foremost, I am grateful to my supervisor, Assoc Prof., Dr Nguyen Thi Thanh Huong, for her unwavering support of my study, as well as her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and vast knowledge Throughout the course of my writing, she provided encouragement, sound advice, good teaching, good company, and a plethora of good ideas Without her, I would have been lost It is difficult to overstate my gratitude to teachers at the Faculty of English Language They built the initial foundation of my knowledge and offer me the opportunity to complete my graduation thesis In my work, I have been blessed with a stimulating and fun environment in which to learn and grow provided by my many friends My sincere thanks go to them for helping me get through the difficult times, and for all the emotional support, entertainment, and caring they provided Last but not least, to my family I bid them hearty thanks They have been a solid anchor on which I rely again and again Words cannot express how grateful I am to be in their support and how much this work was enhanced and made easier by them being in mine iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page PART INTRODUCTION 1 Rationale for the study Aims and objectives of the study Research questions Scope of the study Methodology of the study Significance of the study Design of the study PART DEVELOPMENT Chapter THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.1 Review of previous studies 1.1.1 Previous Vietnamese studies 1.1.2 Previous Studies oversea 1.2 Review of Theoretical Background 1.2.1 Definition of wishes 1.2.1.1 Definition of wishes in English 1.2.1.2 Definition of wishes in Vietnamese 1.2.2 Functions of wishes in human life 1.2.3 Typial structure of sentence in English and Vietnamese 1.2.4 An overview of linguistic devices 1.2.4.1 Phonetic Stylistic Devices 1.2.4.2 Lexical Stylistic Devices 1.2.4.3 Syntactical Stylistic Devices Chapter LINGUISTIC FEATURES OF WISHES IN ENGLISH 10 AND VIETNAMESE 2.1 A brief description of wishes in English and Vietnamese 10 2.2 Syntactical features of wishes in English and Vietnamese 20 2.2.1 Typical structure of wishes in English and Vietnamese 20 2.2.1.1 Length of wishes 20 45 CHAPTER 3: IMPLICATION Besides helping English learners choose wishes correctly in certain communicative situations, the results of the study can be effectively implicated in translation both English – Vietnamese and Vietnamese – English 3.1 English-Vietnamese translation 3.1.1 Identifying wish sender and recipient Before giving a wish, it is necessary to determine who the wishes sender is, how the sender and the recipient of the wish are related The British not require a fancy wishes because they often focus on the message contained in the desires The sender can apply "I," "we," which is a very generic pronoun, and "you," which is the recipient It is difficult to determine who the recipient of the wishes is Vietnamese people are very interested in addressing issues in communication, based on close relationships, roles, and age to address properly So, while being translated into Vietnamese, senders and recipients in many English wishes must be clearly identified basing on the contexts: grandchild - grandpa; child–parent; you – brother/sister; grandchild – aunt/uncle, E.g., - In English it is simply 'I wish you ' - But translate into Vietnamese is in many forms: ‘con chúc bố/ mẹ ’, ‘cháu chúc ông/ bà ’, ‘tớ chúc cậu ’, ‘em chúc thầy/cô giáo ’ 3.1.2 Adding words 1) Adding word indicating plural forms Plural form of nouns and noun phrases, quantifiers namely ‘những’, ‘các’, ‘mọi’ should be added to Vietnamese equivalents in order to make the meaning of original version clearer E.g., - “Hope your day is sunshine and flowers with happy thoughts to fill the house Happy Women’s Day.” [131] 46  Hy vọng ngày bạn ánh nắng mặt trời hoa với suy nghĩ hạnh phúc để lấp đầy nhà Chúc mừng ngày Phụ nữ - “Happy New Year to my amazing family and friends What did I to deserve such lovely people in my life? From the bottom of my heart, I wish everyone the best year ahead.” [132]  Chúc mừng năm gia đình người bạn bè tuyệt vời Tôi làm để xứng đáng với người đáng yêu sống tôi? Từ tận đáy lịng, tơi chúc người năm tốt đẹp phía trước - “Happy Teachers Day to all the teachers! Thank you for your patience, kindness, and endless dedication.” [28]  Chúc mừng ngày nhà giáo tới tất thầy giáo, cô giáo! Em cảm ơn thầy, giáo kiên nhẫn, lịng tốt, cống hiến vô tận - “Trips and adventures, holiday and sea, sun and sunbaths – it’s all you need for this moment Wishing you a great time and we will celebrate it then you come back See you!” [133]  Những chuyến phiêu lưu, kỳ nghỉ biển, mặt trời tắm nắng - tất bạn cần cho thời điểm Chúc bạn thời gian tuyệt vời chúng tơi ăn mừng sau bạn trở lại Hẹn gặp lại! 2) Adding word emphasizing for another word In some cases, in order to emphasize the meaning of some specific words, translator can add some emphasizing words to remark targeted words E.g., - “Wishing you and your family Merry Christmas and a very Happy New Year!” [92]  Tớ chúc cậu gia đình cậu có giáng sinh vui vẻ năm thật nhiều hạnh phúc! - “Believe in yourself while giving the test Stay focused and be confident I know your preparation will meet a success Best wishes for your exam, dear.” [109]  Hãy tin tưởng vào thân làm kiểm tra Giữ tập trung tự tin Tôi biết chuẩn bị bạn thành công Gửi lời chúc tốt đẹp cho kỳ thi bạn, thân yêu 47 3.1.3 Dealing with the change of structure In other cases, in translation process, it is necessary for translators to change the order of structure flexibly to complete Vietnamese translation work Changing word order leads to the change of sentence’s structure E.g., - “May all your hard work before the exam be rewarded with the best May you obtain the highest marks and your success be continued.” [109] (Auxllary + S + V + A)  (Mình) Chúc tất cố gắng bạn trước kỳ thi đền đáp điều tốt đẹp Chúc bạn đạt điểm cao thành công xa (S(omitted) + V1 (chúc) + O + V2) - “May your first job show you a glimpse of the outstanding career path you are about to carve for yourself Good luck.” [55]  Chúc cho công việc mở hội cho đường nghiệp sáng lạng bạn Chúc bạn may mắn 3.1.4 Analyzing context 1) Applying word-for-word translation Word-for-word translation is the rendering of text from one language to another one word at a time with or without conveying the sense of the original text Cultural words are translated literally The main use of word for word translation is either to understand the mechanics of the source language or to construe a difficult text as a pre-translation process During the process of translating English into Vietnamese, translator can completely apply this method for their translation without losing perfect original structure in English E.g., - “This year is snatched by this crazy pandemic but hope the coming year will be a beautiful one for you and your family Happy New Year.” [134]  Năm bị cướp đại dịch điên rồ hy vọng năm tới năm tốt đẹp cho bạn gia đình bạn Chúc Mừng Năm Mới - “You've worked hard to get this promotion and deserve a reward!” [51] 48  Bạn làm việc chăm để có thăng chức xứng đáng nhận phần thưởng! 2) Deciding personal, possessive pronoun expressing relationship Most Vietnamese kinship terms may be used as pronouns to reflect age, status, and gender of both speaker and listener Kinship terms that serve as pronouns are used with persons within and outside of one's family E.g., “Sending you all my very best wishes on Women’s Day I hope you all have prosperous careers and lives.” [131] Diagram 3.1 Subject pronoun in English wishes and their equivalents in Vietnamese depending on relationship between the wishes senders and recipients 49 Photo 3.1 Birthday card with wishes from daughter to mother 3.2 Vietnamese - English translation The biggest problem in Vietnamese - English translation is applying translating idiomatic translation Idiomatic translation reproduces the “message” of the original but tends to distort nuances of meaning by preferring colloquialism and idioms where there to not exist in the original Generally, it is extremely difficult to find English equivalents with original in Vietnamese, especially in phonetic Play of word is used widely in phonetic Vietnamese, therefore, it is more challenging for translator when translating Vietnamese into English chiasmus due to the fact that there are no cases of English which occurs play of word in comparison with Vietnamese Henceforth, it is necessary to apply idiomatic translation into translating process from Vietnamese into English E.g., - “Chúc bạn cầu ước thấy  May all your wishes come true.” [135] - “Chúc bạn năm an khang thịnh vượng, vạn ý  Wish you a happy and prosperous new year, everything is as you wish.” [136] - “Cầu chúc cho tình yêu hai bạn bền vững đến đầu bạc long  May the love you share today grow stronger as you grow old together.” [137] 50 PART 3: CONCLUSION To sum up, there are two main issues that were focused on in the study: Being a way for people to communicate with each other, wishes may serve the purposes of expressing senders’ desire and attitude toward others people of different relations There are many important, special occasions a person’s life, and of the whole society when wishes can be given or exchanged Theoretically, there are no fix rules for wishes, that can be used, made or created Wishes can be expressed in numerous ways People’s wishes change over time accompanying with the change of society Syntactically, wishes in English and Vietnamese may be various in length depending on the need of each individual and context and in both languages, they can be in the form of statement, question, command and exclamation Syntactical devices noticeable in English and Vietnamese wishes are inversion, parallel structure, repetition, enumeration, elipsis, antithesis and quotation Lexically, even containing ‘wish’, ‘chúc’ and ‘chúc mừng’ or as verb or being completely without them, the desire of wishes senders in both languages can be expressed through devices like metaphor, metonymy, epithet, hyperbole and idioms Sharing the same purpose, but the ideas in certain English and Vietnamese wishes may not always be expressed by different means In term of syntactical features, parallel structures, repetition, enumuration, elipsis, antithesis could be noticed in both English and Vietnamese wishes Among them, antithesis is the most frequent, whereas elipsis is the least one In term of lexical features, metaphors, epithet, hyperbole, synonymous could be noticed in both English and Vietnamese wishes Among them, epithet is the most frequent, whereas synonymous is the least one Several differences could be recognized Syntactically, wishes in Vietnamese are much longer than those in English, sometime twice as long as Inversion, ellipsis, antithesis in English wishes are more frequent than in Vietnamese, whereas enumeration, parallel structures, quotation are more in Vietnamese wishes 51 than in English ones The main differences could be noticed in lexical devices Most of lexical devices in Vietnamese wishes are more frequent than in English ones, especially metonymy, epithet and idioms The same big gap between the wishes containing rhymed words in Vietnamese wishes and in English ones, which is considered the only phonetical device noticed in wishes of both languages Limitations of the study It should be admitted that in this study, there are several limitations are still inevitable, such as the explanation of similarities and differences from the cultural viewpoints or the reasons of changes and trends of wishes expressions Suggestions for further studies Besides topics discussed in this study, many problems relating to wishes expressions still need studying like wishes on some other popular occasions such as Doctors’ Day, Mothers’, Fathers’ Days in both languages; the differences in ways of wishes expressions depending on ages, social status, or the impacts of modern way of life on habits of wishes giving and exchanging 52 REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] T Y Vân and P T Nhung, "So sánh việc sử dụng lời chúc tiếng Anh tiếng Việt," January 2011 [Online] Available: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351304612_SO_SANH_VIEC_SU_DUNG_ 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