(LUẬN văn THẠC sĩ) hoạt động thực tế của giảng viên và mong muốn của sinh viên đối với phản hồi trên bài viết tiếng anh m a thesis linguistics 60 14 01 11

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****************** LÊ THỊ THU HÀ FEEDBACK ON ESL WRITING: TEACHERS’ PRACTICES AND STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES HOẠT ĐỘNG THỰC TẾ CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN VÀ MONG MUỐN CỦA SINH VIÊN ĐỐI VỚI PHẢN HỒI TRÊN BÀI VIẾT TIẾNG ANH M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 HANOI - 2013 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY - HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES DEPARTMENT OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES ****************** LÊ THỊ THU HÀ FEEDBACK ON ESL WRITING: TEACHERS’ PRACTICES AND STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES HOẠT ĐỘNG THỰC TẾ CỦA GIẢNG VIÊN VÀ MONG MUỐN CỦA SINH VIÊN ĐỐI VỚI PHẢN HỒI TRÊN BÀI VIẾT TIẾNG ANH M.A MINOR THESIS Field: English Language Teaching Methodology Code: 60140111 Supervisor: Dr To Thi Thu Huong HANOI - 2013 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com DECLARATION I confirm that this is my own research, and that it has not been published or submitted for any other degrees Student's signature Lê Thị Thu Hà i TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor, Dr To Thi Thu Huong, for her invaluable support, useful guidance and comments I am truly grateful to her advice and suggestions right from the beginning when this study was only in its formative stage I would also express my gratitude to all the teachers of English at College of Technologies and Economics in Trade for their constant support as well as suggestions for this paper Especially, I am grateful to the students in the three classes which I am in charge for their actively taking part in completing the writing tasks and answering the survey questionnaires Without their help, this study could not have been completed Finally, my special thanks go to my family and my friends who have been beside me and have encouraged me a lot to fulfill my study ii TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 ABSTRACT This case study was conducted at College of Technologies and Economics in Trade to investigate teachers’ practices and students’ strategies for handling the feedback they received as well as students’ preferences for four different types of feedback Fifty seven students in three ESL classes were asked to fill out the questionnaires and three writing teachers were asked to participate in the interviews In addition, students’ paragraphs with teacher feedback were analyzed to see how teacher gave the feedback and how students responded to the feedback they received The results show that teachers used written feedback frequently, but in different ways; and students’ strategies for handling feedback varied depending on the types of feedback each teacher gave on their papers Besides, the study revealed that students preferred teacher feedback (teacher correction, teacher correction with comments, error identification) to non-teacher feedback such as self-feedback, peerfeedback or computer- directed feedback The findings of the study suggests that writing teachers should consider the fit between their practice and students’ preferences to choose the most suitable ways of feedback giving to help students improve their writing iii (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: The number of each type of teacher feedback on students’ first drafts .23 Table 2: Student strategies for handling feedback 28 Table 3: Student’s preferences for each types of feedback .31 Table 4: Attitudes of students in class A to different types of feedback 32 Table 5: Attitudes of students in class B to different types of feedback 34 Table 6: Attitudes of students in class C to different types of feedback 36 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Paragraph sample of the student in class A with teacher feedback 24 Figure 2: Paragraph sample of the student in class B with teacher feedback 25 Figure 3: Paragraph sample of the student in class C with teacher feedback 27 LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1: Student questionnaire I Appendix 2: Interview questions IV iv (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEGEMENTS i DECLARATION i ABSTRACT iii LIST OF TABLES Error! 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Bookmark not defined Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION .1 The rationale of the study Purposes of the study and research questions 3 Scope of the study Significance of the study .4 Research methods .4 Organization of the study Chapter 2: LITERATURE REVIEW Definitions of feedback Roles of feedback in teaching ESL/EFL writing Types of feedback 3.1 Teacher feedback 3.1.1 Student-teacher conferencing 3.1.2 Teacher written feedback 10 3.2 Peer feedback 12 3.3 Self-feedback .13 3.4 Computer- assisted feedback .13 i (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Teachers’ beliefs and practices of giving feedback on ESL writing 14 Students’ reactions and preferences for feedback .15 Chapter 3: THE STUDY 18 The current situation of teaching and learning English writing at CTET 18 Methodology 20 2.1 The participants 20 2.2 Methods and Instrumentation 20 2.2.1 Students’ compositions .20 2.2.2 Questionnaire and interview .21 2.3 Data collection procedure 21 2.4 Data analysis procedure 22 Chapter 4: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .23 Teachers’ practices of giving feedback on ESL writing 23 Students’ reactions to the received teacher feedback 28 Students’ preferences for different types of feedback on ESL writing .31 Implications for teaching and learning 38 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION .41 Summary 41 Limitations of the study .41 Suggestions for further studies 42 REFERENCES 43 APPENDICES I ii (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION The rationale of the study Among the most important skills students of English as a second language (ESL) or a foreign language (EFL) need to develop is writing For many years, as many historical accounts have shown, writing won little interest from the learners’ side compared to other skills, especially speaking Learning to speak has been deemed a primary concern; learning to write has always been a secondary matter, a means of practicing, sustaining and reinforcing other skills However, foreign language proficiency demands a balance in mastery between different language skills Thus, ESL/EFL students have come to realize the importance of writing as an independent medium of communication which they need for a wide range of purposes in different contexts both inside and outside the classroom The ESL learners at College of Technologies and Economics in Trade, who follow a three year course in English with Business English as major, by no means; an exception The course program offers the learners not only knowledge about business in English but also chances to improve their four English skills Among the four macro skills, writing has recently been interested by both teachers and students Over the first semester of the first years, the students are introduced to some basic concepts in Grammar (parts of speech and word function), Syntax (phrases, clauses, and sentences), and Mechanics (capitalization and punctuation) It is until the second semester that students are introduced to basic writing, ranging from writing informal letters/email to business letter, then writing paragraphs and essays for the third and the forth semester They are taught different forms of letters/email and techniques for paragraph and essay writing including writing topic sentence, introduction, developmental paragraphs and conclusion Besides, they are provided with insights into different patterns of essay development such as cause/effect, comparison/contrast or argumentation The third year is by far an (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 opportunity for them to practice writing essays with different patterns of development Teaching English writing is not an easy task for ESL teachers as it involves various processes which require teachers to devote a lot of time to helping students write better Planning what to teach within a particular curriculum is only a part of the task Besides, they have to consider the different approaches that gleaned from theories and researches on teaching writing in ESL contexts Teachers also spend a great deal of time in the post-writing process grading students’ compositions in detail Especially, it is the teachers’ jobs to select the approach that best fits the learners’ needs and create a motivating environment, and facilitate the learning-towrite activity The teacher can so by widening the area of interaction between him and his students The best means for teacher-student interaction may be insightful feedback which helps both improving students’ writing production and motivating them to be independent writers Therefore, most teachers believe that feedback is an important aspect of teaching of writing However, providing effective feedback is one of the many challenges that any writing teacher faces In ESL classroom, feedback practices can be even more challenging Teachers and students agree that teacher written feedback is a crucial part of the writing process (Cohen& Cavalcanti, 1990) Teachers want to give feedback that will encourage and challenge students to be better writers, but not always know how the feedback that they are giving is perceived by students, or how effective it is Since reading students work and giving feedback is very timeconsuming process, teachers may feel frustrated when the feedback they offer is not followed by the students Even when the teachers’ system for giving feedback is clear and consistent, sometimes teachers not know whether students understand their practices Therefore, the study examines teachers’ practices of feedback and compared these with students’ preferences and reaction to feedback to see how the teachers’ practice matches students’ needs and to find the best approach to improve students’ writing skill Besides, through the study, some implications will be (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Implications for teaching and learning Based on the findings of the study, the following suggestions are provided with a hope to improve teaching and learning writing with the use of feedback Firstly, teachers should be aware of the importance of providing feedback for the development of L2 learners’ thinking and writing As teachers’ answers in the interview, all teachers considered giving feedback on students’ writing as a part of their duty to achieve the course objectives Therefore, they mostly did those jobs with their own belief and perception However, to give effective feedback to students to improve their writing, classroom realities and the preferences of students must be considered Teachers are advised to pay careful attention to students’ attitudes toward feedback and find out whether there are any differences in opinion between the teachers and the students They also need to ensure that students see clearly the purposes of their feedback, the strategies that students should use for handling this feedback, and the benefits that students would potentially derive; so that the students can manage and make use of the feedback they received Secondly, what the teachers should is to develop wide range of ways of giving feedback As discussed above, all three teachers spent most of their time giving written feedback on students’ writing, and non-teacher feedback was rarely used in three classes However, marking mechanical errors is not enough since it can be frustrating Thus, when teachers give feedback, they should show students examples of how they can apply to improve their writing and give them opportunity to express their ideas and to discuss any challenging issues Teachers also should creatively develop various ways incorporating student-teacher interaction as well as peer interaction in the process of giving feedback Besides, teacher should offer students self-correction opportunity for their students by providing indirect feedback on students’ errors or instruct them to use computer applications to edit their writings Formal accuracy of student writing will be improved significantly if they are required to correct their errors than if they are not However, it is important 38 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 to teach students how to make best use of each type of feedback and how to work with the feedback they received Thirdly, as seen teachers’ practice and students’ preferences, teachers seemed to give students detailed error correction and identification but common comments, so most students did not highly appreciate receiving comments from their teacher feedback because the comments were not specific enough to help them improve their writing Therefore, teacher should avoid giving vague comments such as “Good” or “Try more” if they want students to make use of their comments to improve their writing It is suggested that the vague comments should be replaced with text-specific comments involving not only grammar or language in use but content and organization Next, the role of feedback is not only let students know how well they have performed but also to increase motivation Teacher feedback can also be considered as a powerful tool to motivate students in the writing process if done well Therefore, writing teachers should not simply respond to grammar and language in use but should include comments of praises and encouragement in students’ feedback Mitigation has been found to improve the confidence of students and lead them to be responsible for their writing Positive feedback is considered “positive reinforcement” whereas negative feedback is considered “punishment” (Brookhart, 2010) Thus, teachers should be polite and mitigate their comments while giving feedback Last but not least, it is recommended that students should be taught strategies to deal with feedback they received It is found that the students participating in the study seldom made use of dictionaries and grammar books to deal with the feedback they did not understand and rarely asked for the explanation of teachers or the help of their partners to handle the mistakes they made Teaching strategies will let students know that there are other ways to learn from feedback and that they are 39 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 responsible for their own learning to a certain extent It can also promote student autonomous learning 40 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Chapter 5: CONCLUSION Summary This study aimed to investigate the real activities of the teachers and students in dealing with feedback, and the preferences of students to four different types of feedback It was conducted with the participation of teachers and students at College of Technologies and Economics in Trade The first part of the study showed that in general, all writing teachers frequently gave students written feedback on their papers but few instructions to apply other types of feedback such as self-feedback, peer feedback or computer-directed feedback Besides, each teacher gave feedback in different ways It is also the reason why the second part showed that students in each class handled the feedback they received in various ways, mostly depending on the types of feedback their teachers gave them The third part of the study revealed the types of feedback which students favored The majority of students in the present study said that they found teacher feedback most useful This corresponds with the results in previous studies reviewed (Saito, 1994; Lee, 2008) However, few students may realize the importance of peer or self correction of their writing Computer-directed feedback seemed to be a new terms to students, but when being asked about it, many students had positive attitudes toward this type of feedback These findings of the study suggests teachers some pedagogical implications which they can employ to improve their teaching Limitations of the study Although great effort has been made by the researcher while carrying out the study, due to the time constraints, the author of the study only examined the teachers’ practices through analyzing students’ paragraphs and the interview with the teachers, but did not spend time observing writing classes to see the real teaching and learning context This might lead the fact that the results drawn from the study are not yet totally satisfying 41 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Suggestions for further studies As implied from the findings of the study, various types of feedback should be applied in teaching and learning writing Thus, further action research or experimental research could be done to see the effectiveness of each type in real context 42 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 REFERENCES Ann R (1983) Techniques in teaching writing Oxford University Press Ashwell, T (2000) Patterns of teacher response to student writing in a multipledraft composition classroom: Is content feedback followed by form feedback the best method? Journal of Second Language Writing, 9(3), 227-257 Barbara K (1990) Second language writing Cambridge University Press Bitchenere J (2005) The effect of different types of corrective feedback on ESL student writing Journal of Second Language Writing, 14, 191-205 Borg M (2001) Key concepts in ELT Teachers’ beliefs ELT Journal 55(2), 186188 Brookhart, S M (2010) How to Give Effective Feedback to Your Students Instructional Supervision & Evaluation: The Teaching Process, 10-18 Brookhart, S M (2003) Developing measurement theory for classroom assessment purposes and uses Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 22(4), pp 5-12 Cardelle & Como (1981) Effects of second language learning of variations in written feedback on homework assignments TESOL Quarterly, 15(3), 251-261 Carless D (2006) Differing perceptions in the feedback process Studies in Higher Education, 31, 2, 219-233 Carnicelli (1980) The writing conference: A one to one conversation In T R Donovan& B.W McClelland (Eds.) Eight approaches to teaching composition l01131 Charles M (1990) Responding to problems in written English using a student selfmonitoring technique ELTJournal44/4: 286–93 Cho, K & MacArthur, C (2010) Student revision with peer and expert reviewing Learning and Instruction, 20, 328-338 Cohen A.D & Cavalcanti M C (1990) Feedback on compositions: Teacher and student verbal reports Second Language Writing (pp 155-177) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 43 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Cumming A (1985) Responding to the writing of ESL students Highway One, 8, 58-78 Denton P (2008) Students' response to traditional and computer-assisted formative feedback: A comparative case study British Journal of Educational Technology, 39(3), 486-500 Ellis R (2009) Corrective feedback and teacher development L2 Journal, 1, 1, 318 Farahman F (2011) Teacher’s stated beliefs about corrective feedback in relation to their practices in EFL classes Research on Foreign Languagea Journal of Faculty of Letters and Humanities Year 49 No 200 Ferris D R & Roberts B (2001) Error feedback in L2 writing classes: How explicit does it need to be? Journal of Second Language Writing, 10, 161–184 Ferris D R ( 2002) Treatment of error in second language student writing Ann Arbor, MI: The University of Michigan Press Frantzen D (1995) The effects of grammar supplementation on written accuracy in an intermediate Spanish content course The Modern Language Journal, 79(3), 329355 Glover C & Brown E (2006) Written feedback for students: too much, too detailed or too incomprehensible to be effective Retrieved from http:// www.bioscience.heacademy.ac.uk/journal/vol7/beej-7-3.pdf on Nov 21, 2013 Judy M K (2007) Faculty Development- How to give feedback Retrieved from: www.welshschool.co.uk/sites/welshschool /feedback.pdf on September 15, 2013 Hyland K (2003) Second Language Writing Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Retrieved from http://books.google.com.vn/books?id=mzg86Pkp5NkC&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi #v=onepage&q&f=false on Nov, 21, 2013 Hyland, k & F Hyland.(2006) Feedback in Second Language Writing: Contexts and Issues.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Retrieved from : //books.google.com.vn/books?id=mawaswihz7QC&printsec=frontcover&hl=vi#v= onepage&q&f=false on August 13, 2013 44 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Keh, C (1990) Feedback in the Writing Process: a Model and Methods for Implementation English Language Teaching Journal, Vol 44, No 4, pp 294-304 Kulhavy, R W & Wager, W (1993) Feedback in programmed instruction: Historical context and implications for practice Interactive instruction and feedback Educational Technology Publications 3-20 Retrieved from books.google.com.vn/books?isbn=0877782601 on November 21, 2013 Lee I (1997) ESL learners’ performance in error correction in writing: Some implications for college-level teaching System, 25, 465–477 Lee, I (2003) L2 writing teachers perspectives, practices and problems regarding error feedback Assessing Writing: An International Journal, 8(3), 216-237 Lee, I (2004) Error correction in L2 secondary writing classrooms: The case of Hong Kong Journal of Second Language Writing, 13, 285-312 Lee, I (2008) Student reactions to teacher feedback in two Hong Kong secondary classrooms Journal of Second Language Writing 17 (2008) 144–164 Lee I ( 2009) Understanding teachers’ written feedback practices in Hong Kong secondary classrooms Journal of Second Language Writing, 17, 69-85 Leki, I (1991) The Preferences of ESL Students for Error Correction in Collegelevel Writing Classes Foreign Language Annals, 24,203-218 Lizzio, A., & Wilson, K (2008) Feedback on assessment: Students’ perceptions of quality and effectiveness Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 33, 263275 Lundstrom, K & Baker, W (2009) To give is better than to receive: the benefits of peer review to the reviewer’s own writing Journal of Second Language Writing, 18, 30-43 Matsumara S (2004) Computer anxiety and students’ preferred feedback methods in EFL writing The Modern Language Journal, 88(3), 403-415 Moniruz Z & Abul K A, (2012) Feedback in EFL Writing at Tertiary Level: Teachers' and Learners' Perceptions, ASA University Review, Vol No 1, January–June, 2012 45 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Montgomery, J & Baker, W (2007) Teacher-written feedback: Student perceptions, teacher self-assessment, and actual teacher performance Journal of Second Language Writing,16 (2), 82-99 Nazifah H & Shafiq H ( 2012) Enhancing Students’ Motivation by Providing Feedback on Writing: The Case of International Students from Thailand International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol 2, No Oscarson A D (2009) Self-Assessment of Writing in Learning English as a Foreign Language A study at the Upper Secondary School Level Acta Universitatis Gothoburgensis Peterson S S (2010) Improving Student Writing: Using Feedback as a Teaching Tool Research into Practice The Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat Peterson S S (2013) Peer feedback on writing: an assessment- for- learning— tool Research for Teachers University of Toronto Phil R (2007) How to Get a Good Degree Open University Press Radecki, P., & Swales, J (1988) ESL student reaction to written comments on their written work System,16(3), 355-365 retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0346251X88900784 Reid, T (1993) Teaching ESL Writing New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc Saito H (1994) Teachers’ practices and students’ preferences for feedback on Second Language Writing: A case study of Adult ESL Learners TESL Canada journal, vol 11, No Shamshad B O & Faizah M (2009) Student response to teacher feedback on multiple-draft compositions in ESL classroom Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference of Teaching and Learning INTI University College, Malaysia Truscott J (1996) The case against grammar correction in L2 writing classes Language Learning, 46,327-369 Victor C (2011) Error correction in Second Language Writing: Teachers’ beliefs, practices and students’ preferences Queensland University of Technology Faculty of Education 46 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 Williams, J (2005) Teaching writing in a second and foreign language classrooms Boston, MA:McGraw-Hill Zamel (1985) Responding student writing TESOL Quarterly, 19(1), 79-101 Zhang S (1995) Reexamining the affective advantage of peer feedback in the ESL writing class Journal of Second Language Writing, 4(3), 209-222 47 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDIX STUDENT QUESTIONNAIRE FEEDBACK ON ESL WRITING: TEACHERS’ PRACTICE AND STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES I am Le Thi Thu Ha, an MA student at Post-graduate department, ULIS, VNU I am conducting my graduation thesis on second-year students’ reactions and preferences for feedback on ESL writing This survey questionnaire aimed to investigate your views concerning this issue Please give your answer sincerely; otherwise the investigation would not be successful All information you provide will be confidential and used solely for research purposes Thank you very much for your cooperation! Student’s name (optional): Group: I Feedback There are different ways to provide feedback on student writing Please circle one choice that best describes the usefulness of each type of feedback and please write down reasons No Totally Useless useless Types of feedback Neither Quite Very useless useful useful nor useful Teacher feedback (Teacher evaluate student’s writing) Comment: _ I (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 a Teacher-student conference (Teacher discuss the 5 5 Error identification (Teacher indicates the place 5 5 writing of students) Comment: _ b Teacher correction (Teacher corrects all the grammatical errors) Comment: _ c Teacher commentary (Teacher gives feedback by making comments, no error correction) Comment: _ d Teacher correction with comments Comment: _ e where the error occurs by underlying or circling it, not correcting) Comment: _ Peer feedback (Students evaluate each other’s work in pairs) Comment: _ Self- feedback (Students evaluate their own work by the checklist) Comment: _ Computer-directed feedback (Computer software evaluate students’ writing) Comment: _ II (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 II Student’s strategies for handling feedback What you usually when you get back your paper with teacher’s feedback on your writing? Circle the choice for each strategy and write down your other opinions No Strategies for handling feedback Frequently Sometimes Rarely Read the mark/grade Read the comments 3 Correct all the errors Ask the teacher for clarification, explanation 3 or help Consult dictionaries, grammar books, or writing textbooks Work with a partner to help each other improve the composition Rewriting a Only incorporating feedback received b Revising and expanding Do nothing Other opinions (please specify): ………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………  THANK YOU VERY MUCH  III (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 APPENDIX TEACHER INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FEEDBACK ON ESL WRITING: TEACHERS’ PRACTICE AND STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES I am Le Thi Thu Ha, an MA student at Post-graduate department, ULIS, VNU I am conducting my graduation thesis on teachers’ practices for feedback on ESL writing This survey questionnaire aimed to investigate your views concerning this issue Please give your answer sincerely; otherwise the investigation would not be successful All information you provide will be confidential and used solely for research purposes Thank you very much for your cooperation! Teacher’s name: ……………………………………… Teaching class: ………………………………………… Teaching experience: …………………years Question 1: Do you give students guidance to use feedback on ESL writing? A Usually B Sometimes C Never Question 2: Do you give feedback on students’ ESL writing? A Usually B Sometimes C Never Question 3: Do you help students revise their writing after receiving feedback? A Usually B Sometimes C Never IV (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 TIEU LUAN MOI download : skknchat@gmail.com (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11 (LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11(LUAN.van.THAC.si).hoat.dong.thuc.te.cua.giang.vien.va.mong.muon.cua.sinh.vien.doi.voi.phan.hoi.tren.bai.viet.tieng.anh.m.a.thesis.linguistics.60.14.01.11