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TORQUE CONTROL Edited by Moulay Tahar Lamchich Torque Control Edited by Moulay Tahar Lamchich Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2011 InTech All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Katarina Lovrecic Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer Martina Sirotic Image Copyright demoded, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com First published Februry, 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Torque Control, Edited by Moulay Tahar Lamchich p. cm. ISBN 978-953-307-428-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Part 2 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Preface IX Different Techniques for the Control of Asynchronous Motors and Double Feed or Double Star Induction Machines 1 Torque Control of CSI Fed Induction Motor Drives 3 Aleksandar Nikolic Direct Torque Control Based Multi-level Inverter and Artificial Intelligence Techniques of Induction Motor 29 Lamchich Moulay Tahar and Lachguer Nora Direct Torque Control using Space Vector Modulation and Dynamic Performance of the Drive, via a Fuzzy Logic Controller for Speed Regulation 51 Adamidis Georgios, and Zisis Koutsogiannis Induction Motor Vector and Direct Torque Control Improvement during the Flux Weakening Phase 83 Kasmieh Tarek Control of a Double Feed and Double Star Induction Machine Using Direct Torque Control 113 Leila Benalia Oriented Approach of Recent Developments Relating to the Control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 127 Direct Torque Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 129 Selin Ozcira and Nur Bekiroglu Torque Control of PMSM and Associated Harmonic Ripples 155 Ali Ahmed Adam, and Kayhan Gulez Contents Contents VI Special Controller Design and Torque Control of Switched Reluctance Machine 199 Switched Reluctance Motor 201 Jin-Woo Ahn Controller Design for Synchronous Reluctance Motor Drive Systems with Direct Torque Control 253 Tian-Hua Liu Part 3 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Pref ac e Modern electrical drive systems are composed principally of; motors, power electron- ics components, transformers, analog/digital controllers and sensors or observers. The improvements and the enormous advances in the fi eld of power electronic (semicon- ductor components), converters technology and so ware/implementation technology have enabled advanced and complex control techniques. With these advances and ro- bust control algorithms improved, considerable research eff ort is devoted for develop- ing optimal techniques of speed and torque control for induction machines. Also, torque control has been, for a long time, a remarkable fi eld for industrial and academic research. Diff erent speed and torque control techniques were developed for many types of induction machines and for various applications. As it can be confi rmed from the increasing number of conferences and journals on speed and torque control of induction motors, it is certain that the optimal and robust torque control are a sig- nifi cant guidance for technology development especially for applications based speed variators. This book is the result of inspirations and contributions from many researchers (a col- lection of 9 works) which are, in majority, focalised around the Direct Torque Con- trol and may be comprised of three sections: diff erent techniques for the control of asynchronous motors and double feed or double star induction machines, oriented approach of recent developments relating to the control of the Permanent Magnet Syn- chronous Motors, and special controller design and torque control of switched reluc- tance machine. In the fi rst section, composed on chapters 1 to 5, the recent developments of the induc- tion machines control are widely developed: a er presentation of the machine model (asynchronous, doubly fed or double star), and control method adopted (specially Field Oriented Control, Direct Torque Control or their association) some ideas for improved performance are provided. In this object, the impact study, of diff erent structures of static power converters (Current Source Inverter, Multi-level inverter), on the dynamic and system performance is exploited. In addition, the contributions made by the use of artifi cial intelligence techniques either for the design of the controllers or in the development of switching tables, in the case of the Direct Torque Control, are amply explained. Furthermore the study of special phenomena (fl ux weakening phase) or X Preface other types of machines for specifi c applications (Double feed or Double star induction machines) is presented. The second section, composed of two chapters, is on behaviour of Permanent Magnet machine controlled by direct torque control method. Diff erent techniques are used to improve torque ripple reduction and harmonic noises in PMSM. Also, as an improve- ment approach, diff erent fi lters types are discussed and a RLC low pass is tested in order to eliminate the harmonics. The last section includes two research articles on development of reluctance motors. The investigations are focused on the controller design and the implementation of sensorless reluctance drive with direct torque control and also on the torque ripple which can be minimized through magnetic circuit design or switched reluctance mo- tors control. Finally, in my capacity, as the Editor of this book, I would like to thank and appreciate the chapter authors, who ensured the quality of their best works submi ed. Most of the results presented in the book have already been presented on many international conferences and will make this book useful for students and researchers who will con- tribute to further development of the existing technology. I hope all will enjoy the book. February 10, 2011 Pr. M.T. Lamchich Department of Physic Laboratory of Electronic and Instrumentation Faculty of Sciences Semlalia - University Cadi Ayyad Marrakech - Morocco . Machine Using Direct Torque Control 11 3 Leila Benalia Oriented Approach of Recent Developments Relating to the Control of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors 12 7 Direct Torque Control of Permanent. TORQUE CONTROL Edited by Moulay Tahar Lamchich Torque Control Edited by Moulay Tahar Lamchich Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 510 00 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2 011 InTech All. Motors 12 9 Selin Ozcira and Nur Bekiroglu Torque Control of PMSM and Associated Harmonic Ripples 15 5 Ali Ahmed Adam, and Kayhan Gulez Contents Contents VI Special Controller Design and Torque Control