Determinants of undergraduate academic achivement and satisfaction with online learning during the covid 19 pandemic, 2021

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY DO THI HUE DETERMINANTS OF UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC ACHIVEMENT AND SATISFACTION WITH ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC GRADUATE THESIS OUTLINE MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 7340101 SUPERVISOR Dr PHAM HUONG DIEN HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 Tai ngay!!! Ban co the xoa dong chu nay!!! MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THE STATE BANK OF VIET NAM BANKING UNIVERSITY OF HO CHI MINH CITY DO THI HUE DETERMINANTS OF UNDERGRADUATE ACADEMIC ACHIVEMENT AND SATISFACTION WITH ONLINE LEARNING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC GRADUATE THESIS OUTLINE MAJOR: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION CODE: 7340101 SUPERVISOR Dr PHAM HUONG DIEN HO CHI MINH CITY, 2021 Abstract This study aims to uncover the key factors that affect undergraduate academic achievement and satisfaction with online learning during the covid – 19 pandemics The author focusses on these factors such as technology, learning methods, tuition fee, materials quality which regarded as student’s concern A bilingual questionnaire in both English and Vietnamese was sent with the sample size of around 500 students belong to different universities in Ho Chi Minh city, especially the banking university After collecting a big database and analyzing through SPSS software, the result reveals that variables including learning methods, safety, technology, fee, learning environment, support and interaction have a significant and positive impact on student’s satisfaction This study has both theoretical and practical contributions for the future development of Viet Nam education This research not only provides a solid foundation for following similar studies but also helps students to find out the best way to study online learning effectively Furthermore, this research also offers implications for governments and institutional universities to improve the quality of online learning methods DECLARATION I declare that this thesis has been composed solely by myself and that it has not been submitted, in whole or in part, in any previous application for a degree Except where states otherwise by reference or acknowledgment, the work presented is entirely my own The work was done under the guidance of Dr Pham Huong Dien at the Banking university, Viet Nam Thesis’s Author Do Thi Hue ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Throughout the writing of this dissertation, I have received a great deal of support and assistance I would first like to thank my supervisor, Dr Pham Huong Dien, whose expertise was invaluable in formulating the research questions and methodology Your insightful feedback pushed me to sharpen my thinking and brought my work to a higher level In addition, I would like to express my gratitude to examiners who spending time evaluating my thesis Finally, thanks for all institutions of banking university have created opportunities and facilities for me to conduct the research LIST OF TABLES Table Demographic and basic information of respondents 30 Table The reliability of the scale 34 Table Exploratory Factor Analysis – EFA 35 Table 4 Excluded variables 36 Table Exploratory factor analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test _37 Table Eigenvalues and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) _37 Table KMO and Bartlett's Test for Dependent variable SAT 38 Table Total Variance Explained 39 Table Pearson correlation _40 Table 10 Linear Model Barley’s Summary _41 Table 11 Check the fit of the linear regression model ANOVAa _42 Table 12 The regression results 42 Table 13 T-test for Gender and Satisfaction factor 44 LIST OF FIGURES Figure E-learning system model 13 Figure 2 Five components of the service quality scale Servqual 15 Figure Research model 20 Figure Research flow chart .27 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS TABLE Number Symbols Detail name LM Learning methods ST Safety FE Tuition fee SP Support TN Technology LE Learning environment ID Independence IR Interaction SAT Satisfaction 10 LMS Learning management system CONTENTS CHAPTER INTRODUCTION 1.1 The necessity of the topic .1 1.2 Objectives and Questions .2 1.3 Research subjects and Scope 1.4 Research methods 1.5 Research significance .3 1.6 Thesis structure CHAPTER LITERATURE REVIEW .5 2.1 Concepts and Definitions .5 2.1.1 Learning theories .5 2.1.2 Online learning during the epidemic season 2.1.3 Student satisfaction .13 2.2 Previous empirical studies 15 2.3 Research model .19 CHAPTER THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 27 3.1 Research process 27 3.2 Research methods 28 3.2.1 Qualitative approach .28 3.2.2 Quantitative approach 28 3.3 Sample description .28 3.4 Survey design 29 3.4.1 Scale applied in survey 29 3.4.2 The questionnaire designs 29 CHAPTER DATA ANALYSIS 30 4.1 Descriptive statistic .30 4.2 Testing the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha scale .34 4.3 Exploratory Factor Analysis – EFA 35 4.3.1 Independent variables 35 4.3.2 Dependent variable SAT .38 4.4 Pearson correlation analysis 39 4.5 Multivariate regression analysis 41 4.6 Robust check 43 4.6.1 T-Test for Gender and Satisfaction factor 43 4.6.2 One-way anova test for universities and satisfaction factor 44 4.6.3 One-way anova test for school year and satisfaction factor 45 4.6.4 One-way anova test for learning device and satisfaction factor 45 4.6.5 One-way anova test for learning software and satisfaction factor .45 4.7 Discussion 46 CHAPTER CONCLUSION 48 5.1 Implications 48 5.2 Limitation of the study and directions for future research 52 5.2.1 Limitations .52 5.2.2 Future research 52 LE4 11.58 4.023 558 716 Satisfaction Reliability Statistics Cronbach's N of Alpha Items 779 SAT1 SAT2 SAT3 Item-Total Statistics Scale Scale Corrected Mean if Variance Item-Total Item if Item Correlatio Deleted Deleted n 7.51 2.669 611 7.83 2.181 639 7.64 2.567 609 Cronbach' s Alpha if Item Deleted 711 681 710 Appendix 4EFA analysis results Results of the 1st EFA analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Approx ChiSquare Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig Component 728 5739.9 68 528 000 Total Variance Explained Extraction Sums of Initial Eigenvalues Squared Loadings % Of Cumul To % Of Cumul Total Vari ative tal Vari ative Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings To % Of Cumul tal Vari ative 3.761 3.379 3.056 2.828 2.549 2.224 2.078 1.886 789 10 700 11 648 12 631 13 598 14 587 15 582 16 550 17 539 18 514 19 481 ance 11.3 96 10.2 40 9.26 8.56 7.72 6.74 6.29 5.71 2.39 2.12 1.96 1.91 1.81 1.77 1.76 1.66 1.63 1.55 1.45 % 11.396 21.635 30.897 39.466 47.190 53.930 60.226 65.942 68.333 70.456 72.418 74.331 76.144 77.922 79.686 81.351 82.983 84.541 85.999 3.7 61 3.3 79 3.0 56 2.8 28 2.5 49 2.2 24 2.0 78 1.8 86 ance 11.3 96 10.2 40 9.26 8.56 7.72 6.74 6.29 5.71 % 11.396 21.635 30.897 39.466 47.190 53.930 60.226 65.942 3.2 55 3.1 84 2.9 43 2.8 92 2.6 53 2.3 65 2.2 98 2.1 70 ance 9.86 9.65 8.91 8.76 8.04 7.16 6.96 6.57 % 9.864 19.514 28.433 37.197 45.236 52.402 59.367 65.942 20 476 21 452 22 436 23 413 24 392 25 385 26 377 27 339 28 29 30 31 32 327 310 287 183 141 33 TN3 TN4 TN5 TN6 TN2 LM2 LM1 1.44 1.37 1.32 1.25 1.18 1.16 1.14 1.02 991 941 870 555 428 87.440 88.810 90.130 91.382 92.570 93.737 94.879 95.905 96.897 97.837 98.708 99.262 99.690 100.00 102 310 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis 804 790 776 749 669 819 816 Rotated Component Matrix Component LM3 LM4 TN1 FE3 FE2 FE1 FE4 HT3 ST2 ST3 ST4 ST1 ST5 ID3 ID1 ID2 LE4 SP4 SP2 SP1 LE3 LE2 LE1 IR1 IR2 IR3 555 804 776 731 818 800 772 746 659 635 791 791 755 733 705 851 834 815 717 614 821 790 775 813 793 762 857 847 813 Results of the 2nd EFA analysis KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Approx ChiSquare Bartlett's Test of Sphericity df Sig Total Variance Explained 747 3881.7 03 435 000 Initial Eigenvalues Component Total 3.279 2.943 2.753 2.424 2.297 2.068 1.937 1.622 766 10 694 11 643 12 616 13 593 14 585 15 576 16 545 17 531 % Of Vari ance 10.9 28 9.81 9.17 8.08 7.65 6.89 6.45 5.40 2.55 2.31 2.14 2.05 1.97 1.94 1.91 1.81 1.76 Cumul ative % 10.928 20.740 29.915 37.995 45.654 52.546 59.001 64.407 66.959 69.273 71.416 73.468 75.446 77.395 79.313 81.130 82.899 Extraction Sums of Squared Loadings % Of Cumul To Vari ative tal ance % 3.2 10.9 10.928 79 28 2.9 9.81 20.740 43 2.7 9.17 29.915 53 2.4 8.08 37.995 24 2.2 7.65 45.654 97 2.0 6.89 52.546 68 1.9 6.45 59.001 37 1.6 5.40 64.407 22 Rotation Sums of Squared Loadings % Of Cumul To Vari ative tal ance % 2.9 9.86 9.866 60 2.8 9.63 19.501 90 2.6 8.94 28.441 82 2.5 8.45 36.897 37 2.1 7.20 44.104 62 2.1 7.19 51.303 60 1.9 6.64 57.949 94 1.9 6.45 64.407 37 18 503 19 477 20 471 21 448 22 434 23 411 24 390 25 378 26 370 27 329 28 324 29 310 30 286 TN5 TN3 TN4 TN6 TN2 1.67 1.58 1.57 1.49 1.44 1.36 1.30 1.25 1.23 1.09 1.07 1.03 84.577 86.166 87.736 89.230 90.677 92.046 93.346 94.605 95.839 96.936 98.015 99.048 100.00 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis 796 795 781 771 655 952 Rotated Component Matrix Component ST2 ST3 ST4 ST1 ST5 LM2 LM1 LM4 LM3 FE3 FE2 FE1 FE4 IR1 IR2 IR3 ID3 ID1 ID2 SP4 SP2 SP1 LE3 LE2 LE1 791 791 755 733 705 816 810 805 803 818 798 770 768 857 847 814 857 838 823 828 789 787 819 801 759 Appendix EFA analysis results for dependent variable (SAT) KMO and Bartlett's Test Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy Approx ChiBartlett's Test of Square Sphericity df 702 338.0 33 Sig Component 000 Total Variance Explained Extraction Sums of Squared Initial Eigenvalues Loadings % Of Cumulativ % Of Cumulativ Total Total Variance e% Variance e% 2.087 69.571 69.571 2.087 69.571 69.571 483 16.116 85.687 429 14.313 100.000 Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis Component Matrix Component SAT2 848 SAT1 828 SAT3 827 Appendix Pearson Correlation table between independent and dependent variables SAT LM Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Correlations ST FE SAT LM SP IR TN LE 374** 306** 000 407 374** ID 081 316** 211** 254** 160** 273** 000 000 000 000 001 000 104 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 002 056 -.047 -.068 -.036 067 020 ST FE SP IR TN LE ID Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N Pearson Correlation Sig (2tailed) N 000 963 263 344 173 465 178 684 407 047 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 306** 002 004 053 -.030 078 054 000 963 931 283 545 115 275 343 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 316** 056 004 -.022 014 407 104* 093 048 000 263 931 653 784 035 062 334 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 211** -.047 053 -.022 -.002 -.046 -.045 407 046 000 344 283 653 965 351 361 356 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 254** -.068 -.030 014 -.002 -.034 -.089 407 113* 000 173 545 784 965 490 074 023 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 160** -.036 078 407 104* -.046 -.034 029 026 001 465 115 035 351 490 560 596 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 273** 067 054 093 -.045 -.089 029 407 069 000 178 275 062 361 074 560 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 -.081 020 -.047 048 -.046 407 113* 026 -.069 104 684 343 334 356 023 596 162 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 407 162 407 Appendix Test the difference between qualitative and independent variables Gender Group Statistics SAT GT N Mean Male Female 178 229 3.8165 3.8399 Std Deviati on 76737 73055 Std Error Mean 05752 04828 Independent Samples Test Levene's Test for Equality of Variances F SAT Sig t-test for Equality of Means t df 95% Confidence Sig Mean Std Error Interval of the (2Difference Difference Difference tailed) Lower Upper Equal variances 642 423 405 754 314 assumed Equal variances not 371.212 755 312 assumed -.02340 07463 12331 17011 -.02340 07509 12425 17106 Universities Descriptive SAT 95% Confidence Interval for Std Std N Mean Minimum Maximum Mean Deviation Error Lower Upper Bound Bound The banking university 148 3.8198 69810 05738 3.7064 3.9332 2.00 5.00 The economic university 121 3.8843 73246 06659 3.7525 4.0161 1.67 5.00 The university of technology and 79 3.8059 82103 09237 3.6220 3.9898 1.67 5.00 education Others 59 3.7740 79616 10365 3.5665 3.9815 1.33 5.00 Total 407 3.8296 74603 03698 3.7570 3.9023 1.33 5.00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances SAT Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1.355 403 256 ANOVA SAT Between Groups Within Groups Total School year Sum of Squares 603 225.364 225.967 df 403 406 Mean Square 201 559 F Sig .359 782 Descriptive SAT First-year students Sophomore Junior Senior Total N Mean 80 109 127 91 407 3.8375 3.8073 3.8425 3.8315 3.8296 Std Std Deviation Error 72526 68688 76385 81555 74603 08109 06579 06778 08549 03698 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Maximum Mean Lower Upper Bound Bound 3.6761 3.9989 1.33 5.00 3.6769 3.9377 2.00 5.00 3.7084 3.9767 1.67 5.00 3.6617 4.0013 1.67 5.00 3.7570 3.9023 1.33 5.00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances SAT Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1.480 403 219 ANOVA SAT Between Groups Within Groups Total Sum of Squares 081 225.886 225.967 df 403 406 Mean Square 027 561 F 048 Robust Tests of Equality of Means SAT Statistic df1 df2 Sig Welch 053 211.340 984 Learning device Sig .986 Descriptive SAT N Mean iPad 46 3.8188 Laptop 191 3.7627 Smartphone 170 3.9078 Total 407 3.8296 Std Std Deviation Error 68748 78478 71244 74603 10136 05678 05464 03698 95% Confidence Interval for Minimum Maximum Mean Lower Upper Bound Bound 3.6147 4.0230 2.00 5.00 3.6506 3.8747 1.33 5.00 3.8000 4.0157 1.67 5.00 3.7570 3.9023 1.33 5.00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances SAT Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig .906 404 405 Between Groups Within Groups Total ANOVA SAT Sum of df Squares 1.902 224.065 404 225.967 406 Mean Square 951 555 Robust Tests of Equality of Means SAT Statistic df1 df2 Sig Welch 1.704 131.078 186 Learning software F 1.715 Sig .181 Descriptive SAT 95% Confidence Interval for Std Std N Mean Minimum Maximum Mean Deviation Error Lower Upper Bound Bound 300 3.8000 74461 04299 3.7154 3.8846 1.33 5.00 Zoom Google 48 Meeting Skype 55 Others Total 407 3.8542 84749 12232 3.6081 4.1003 1.67 5.00 3.9636 3.9167 3.8296 65944 73912 74603 08892 3.7854 4.1419 36956 2.7406 5.0928 03698 3.7570 3.9023 2.33 3.00 1.33 5.00 4.67 5.00 Test of Homogeneity of Variances SAT Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig 1.544 403 203 ANOVA SAT Between Groups Within Groups Total Sum of Squares 1.310 224.656 225.967 df 403 406 Mean Square 437 557 F Sig .783 504 Robust Tests of Equality of Means SAT Statistic df1 df2 Sig Welch 861 13.990 484 a Asymptotically F distributed