Nghiên cứu các kết hợp từ chứa động từ ‘go’ trong tiếng anh và tương đương trong tiếng việt

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAING PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY KHOANG THI THUY TRANG GRADUATION PAPER A STUDY ON ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS CONTAINING THE VERB ‘GO’ WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS Student: Khoang Thi Thuy Trang Student ID No: 19010281 Course: 2019 -2023 Field: English Language Mode of study: Full-time ENGLISH LANGUAGE Supervisor: M.A Luong Quynh Anh Hanoi - 2023 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING PHENIKAA UNIVERSITY GRADUATION PAPER A STUDY ON ENGLISH COLLOCATIONS CONTAINING THE VERB ‘GO’ WITH REFERENCE TO THEIR VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENTS (NGHIÊN CỨU CÁC KẾT HỢP TỪ CHỨA ĐỘNG TỪ ‘GO’ TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT) Student: Khoang Thi Thuy Trang Student ID No: 19010281 Course: 2019 -2023 Field: English Language Mode of study: Full-time Supervisor: M.A Luong Quynh Anh Hanoi – 2023 DECLARATION I, Khoang Thi Thuy Trang - 19010281, certificate that no part of the above report has been copied or reproduced by me from any other person’s work without acknowledgements and that the report is originally written by me under strict guidance of my supervisor Hanoi, 15th June, 2023 Supervisor M.A Luong Quynh Anh Student Khoang Thi Thuy Trang i ABSTRACT Collocation is prevalent throughout the English language No natural spoken or written English is free of collocations (Oxford Collocations Dictionary for English Students) For example, if you say, 'I want to take a shower' instead of 'fast shower,' the natives will answer 'quick shower,' even though it means both a quick shower and a quick shower, but no one says fast They claimed that the entire battery was brief Or 'Fast car,' they will say 'fast car,' not 'quick car,' since it is a predetermined phrase that fits together, so people always say 'fast car,' according to habit As a result, we must recognize the significance of collocations in everyday life and writing In this thesis, we will learn about collocation, precisely the word 'go' in it and uncover the similarities and contrasts between English and Vietnamese to benefit readers and English learners alike 27 Wife /waɪf/ – wife Wine /waɪn/ – wine White /waɪt/ – white If the final consonants are omitted, all the words above will sound like /wa/, and their meanings will be muddled Because we practiced speaking Vietnamese, we frequently ignore the final consonants when we talk in English, resulting in listeners needing to understand what we say Us needing clarification on words that sound similar, like in the example above Furthermore, leaving out the final consonant affects English intonation because you must still catch some elements to connect the syllabic sound Let us now compare the grammatical differences between English and Vietnamese: 2.3.2.7 Word structure Vietnamese: We not have the concept of a term's base word, prefix, and suffix changing its meaning in Vietnamese For example: We have the adjective 'happy'; we add 'unhappy' to create an adjective with the opposite meaning; we add 'happiness' to make the adjective a noun; and we add 'happily' to make it an adverb English: Adding prefixes and suffixes to words in English can alter their meaning and form For example: With the word ‘happy’: (adj) happy Unhappy: (adj) unhappy/unhappy 28 Happiness: (n) happiness/happiness Happily: (adv) happily Change the prefix elements - the suffix will change the meaning and form of the word Changing prefix elements – suffixes will change the meaning and form of the word With the word ‘work’: (v) work Worker: (n) worker Overwork: (v) working overtime Workaholic (n) workaholic With the word ‘response’ (v), react Responsible (adj) is responsible Responsibility (n) responsibility Irresponsible (adj) irresponsible 2.3.2.8 Various spellings of the term Vietnamese: In Vietnamese, nouns remain the same regardless of the subject's person, singular or plural, or verb tense For example: They have a cake Lan has three cakes Regardless of the number or person of the subject, the verb 'to have' and the noun 'cake' remain unchanged English: 29 The verbs in English change depending on the topic, and the noun changes the number For instance: I have a cake He got three cakes As a result, many of you frequently have to fix the error of not conjugating verbs while writing sentences or forgetting to write the plural of nouns 2.3.2.9 Articles Vietnamese: In Vietnamese, there is no apparent distinction between definite and indefinite nouns For example, I recently finished watching How I Met Your Mother and was disappointed with the finale The noun 'end' is used here without specifying whether it is a definite or indefinite noun Even though we can still tell, this is the 'end' of the film How I Met Your Mother English: The usage of articles in English is important in determining whether a noun is an indefinite noun (The listener is unaware) or a definite noun (The listener is aware that the noun described is a noun) For example: I have just finished the series How I Met Your Mother, and I don't like the ending 30 The article 'the' is employed here to assist identify the word 'end'; the reader knows without having to repeat it that this 'the ending' is the end of the movie This distinction with the usage of articles in English must be clarified because we need to know when to use the report, when not to use it, and when to use the indefinite article Use specific articles 2.3.2.10 Tenses of verbs Vietnamese: We usually only employ three tenses in Vietnamese: Past, present, and future, with no apparent distinction between the time of speaking and the time of action The verb remains unchanged in these three tenses, and we add the phrases 'was,' 'is,' and 'will' to identify the tenses For example: When we discuss homework, we are frequently primarily concerned about 'doing homework.' I have finished the strenuous exercises I am going fishing I will the homework English: In English, there are 12 different tenses An action of ‘doing homework’ can be expressed in 12 tenses A movement of ‘doing homework’ can be expressed in 12 tenses Simple past: I did my homework I did my homework (at some point in the past.) Past continuous: When his supervisor entered the room, he was playing League of Legends 31 While we were watching football, she started typing an email He was notorious for forgetting his girlfriend's birthday The power went out last night when I was reading a novel At the moment, the man was in the post office mailing money to his daughter My niece and I were taking a bath together Alam dashed towards the bus Those men had been standing there for two days Past Perfect: She has finished her pratice before her mama had asked her to They returned home after devouring a large roasted funk Lan said she had been chosen as a beauty queen two times prior He had just returned after a long trip when he was told to pack his things I would have acted else if I had known I finished my homework by pm last night (time of speaking is today) Past Perfect continuous: Mina failed the final exam because she was absent from class Yesterday, we played badminton It began to rain about half an hour after we started playing We'd been playing for about 30 minutes when it began to rain The next door was noisy Our next-door neighbors were throwing a party A man in the audience began shouting after the orchestra played for about twenty minutes I'd been going down the road for approximately ten minutes when a car pulled behind me I'd been waiting for an hour when I realized I'd gone to the incorrect restaurant 32 Before o'clock last night, I was still doing my homework (time of speaking is today) Simple tense: During the breeding season, male seahorses are in charge of incubating eggs The Nobel Prize in Literature is one of the Nobel Prize group's six prizes Thuy Trang needs to make an effort to get up early on weekends I my homework every day I exercises every day (refers to a habit, an activity that takes place frequently and repeatedly) Present continuous: Mai purchased the ticket the day before She is flying to the capital of the Republic of Korea tomorrow I am currently listening to music in my spare time My brother is currently shopping with my father I am doing my homework I am doing exercises (at present, at the moment) Present perfect: For the once four hours, my father has been painting the house I have been staying for him for 30 twinkles! He will not come It began to rain in the early morning It has been raining for the once two hours It's still raining For the once 15 times, I've worked as a croaker I finished my homework before you came (at the time of speaking) Present perfect continuous: 33 Lyly has been working on my machine She has oil painting on her hands from her She had red skin from lying in the sun all day They have pocks on their bases due to walking since a.m My eyes and hands are exhausted from spending so important time on my smartphone Because of the recent heavy rain, the earth is impregnated I've been doing my homework for hours (up to the time I'm talking) Future simple: Winter will be bitterly cold This winter will be milder I wish you a safe and enjoyable journey I hope you are satisfied I will my homework I will the exercises (at an unspecified time in the future) The future continues: Because my parents are leaving for London, I will stay with my grandmother for three weeks They'll be playing tennis when you arrive tomorrow When I arrive tomorrow, she will be waiting for me My friends and I will have lunch at school tomorrow at 11 a.m At o'clock tonight, I'm sitting down to my homework (it's not happened yet, just intended) Future perfect: Will you have eaten breakfast before leaving for the airport tomorrow? 34 Will they have to decorate the wall in advance of the parade? I will have worked at my firm for precisely five years next month Thus, I intend to shift jobs I'll have started my project by 11 a.m this morning I will finish my homework by pm tonight (that's the plan) Future perfect continuous: By the end of next month, I will have been learning English for two years I will have been with this company for nine years on May 18th I will have spent four years at Cambridge when I finish my degree They will have been talking for an hour by the time I get home By o'clock tonight, I will sit and my homework for hours You see, with 12 structures of 12 tenses, the expression of actions in English is straightforward and simple to understand, unlike how to express actions in Vietnamese with only three tenses Most of us require clarification when conjugating verbs in order to explain ourselves in English 2.3.2.11 Order of words in a sentence Although the order of words in sentences in English and Vietnamese is very similar, there are some changes in the order of expression between the two languages For example: English: She went to school last weekend late=> We not say, ‘Last weekend she went to school late.’ English: Where did you buy this book? => We don't say, This book where did you buy? 35 2.4 Summary In general, both English and Vietnamese have similarities and differences Depending on the circumstances, we need to consider when translating from English to Vietnamese or vice versa so that the context is correct to avoid misunderstandings for the other party to prevent unfortunate things 36 CHAPTER THE DIFFICULTIES OF LEARNER WHEN LEARNING COLLOCATIONS IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE On analyzing the semantic features of the English collocations with verb “go”, there are some difficulties in learning and translating the collocations with „go‟ in English for students who major in English in university 3.1 The difficulties of learners when learning Collocation in Vietnamese and English 3.1.1 Difficulties in finding Vietnamese equivalents Generally speaking, many collocations with "go" have previously been translated by professionals working in their areas, who then introduced them to many dictionaries that contain collocations with "go" Thus, learners have little trouble working with these collocations as they use the translations that are already provided in those dictionaries However, the verb "go" might still appears in collocations that lack Vietnamese equivalents These collocations pose a significant challenge for learners who want to understand the meaning or want to translate them into Vietnamese The most significant challenge in translating them is determining a precise and suitable counterpart for each collocation When dealing with collocations that contain the word "go" and its Vietnamese equivalent, “đi‟ can collocate with one and the same word in both languages, but this is not always the case For example, “go missing” has an identical collocation in Vietnamese “đi mất” which indicates someone has left voluntarily or involuntarily without others knowing However, the same cannot be applied to “go blind” or “go bald” because in Vietnamese, we cannot say “đi mù” hay “đi hói” mà phải “bị mù” hay “bị hói” 37 3.1.2 Difficulties in translating the idiomatic meaning of collocations with “go” Collocations with the verb "go" that are idiomatic are ones for which the overall meaning cannot be inferred from the meanings of the collocation's component parts The entire collocation carries a fresh interpretation In other words, the meaning of the entire sentence cannot be inferred from the individual meanings of the verb "go" and the other constituents This indicates that when the verb "go" is used in conjunction with other nouns, its primary or original meaning is completely altered For example, “go South” indicates that the plan has unexpectedly changed for the worse; however; in Vietnamse, “South” is simply a word for direction and contains no implication of something is wrong 3.2 Solutions o Learning by constitutive words: Specifically, you will learn fixed phrases corresponding to each verb For example, with the verb ‘break’, we will learn fixed phrases such as: break the news, break a habit, break a record, … ➡ This way of learning helps you distinguish the difference between phrases and limit confusion o Learning by vocabulary topics: In the topic of Jobs, you can learn common phrases such as: an internship, acquire experience, competitive salary (attractive income level), promotion opportunity ➡ This method helps you not only to remember the phrase longer, but also to UNDERSTAND how to use it correctly o Mnemonics Method: A method of learning new words by making connections that make memorization easier This mnemonic uses a trick to associate something already in the learner's brain with something outside - what they're trying to remember For example, you can build your own work story using phrases you learned in the topic ‘Jobs’ as well as common collocations 38 PART 3: CONCLUSION The current study focuses on semantic aspects of the verb 'go' in English collocations and their Vietnamese equivalents The primary goal is to identify the semantic elements of the verb 'go' in English collocations and the verb 'đi' in Vietnamese collocations and the similarities and contrasts between them We also showed some examples based on the theoretical background, semantic features, similarities, and differences between the two verbs in collocations in the hope that this research will lead to effective ways to develop students' knowledge of collocations with 'go,' 'đi' in particular, and other collocations in general 39 REFERENCES Books in Vietnamese [1] Nguyễn Thành Thi (chủ biên) cs, Đặc Điểm Loại Hình Của Tiếng Việt, SGK Ngữ Văn 11 tập 2, Nhà xuất Giáo dục Việt Nam, năm 2019 [2] Nguyễn Dữ, Chuyện chức phán đền Tản Viên, Truyền kỳ mạn lục, Ngô Văn Triển dịch, trang 55 SGK Ngữ Văn 10, Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục Việt Nam, năm 2022 [6] Nguyễn Nhược Pháp, Chùa Hương, in tập ‘Ngày xưa’, xuất vào năm 1935 [7] Hồ Biểu Chánh, 'Chương 8', Đại Nghĩa diệt xác, xuất năm1955 [8] Ngô Tất Tố, chương tác phẩm Tắt Đèn năm 1939 [9] Tố Hữu, tác phẩm Bác năm 1969 Books in English [3] Fromkin, Victoria; Rodman, Robert; Hyams, Nina (2014) ‘Semantics: The Meanings of Language’ An Introduction to Language (10th ed.) Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning p 578 ISBN 978-1-133-31068-6 [4] O'Grady et al (2010), p 619 [5] Nida, Eugene A (1979) Componential analysis of meaning: an introduction to semantic structures (2nd ed.) The Hague: Mouton pp 32–33 ISBN 90-2797927-8 Websites used as materials 1) https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/collocation 2) http://ozdic.com/ 40 3) http://www.linguatools.de/kollokationen-en/ 4) https://www.amazon.com/dp/0194325385 5) https://www.amazon.com/dp/1408252260 6) https://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/collocations.htm 7) https://www.thivien.net/Afanasy-Fet/author-OwEmH3bLJZNit-4bESiOsg 41 SOURCES OF THE DATA Oxford Collocations Dictionary for students of English Firth J.R (1957): Papers in Linguistics 1934–1951 Oxford: Oxford University Press Smadja F A & McKeown, K R (1990): "Automatically extracting and representing collocations for language generation", Proceedings of ACL'90, 252–259, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Bejoint, H., The Lexicography of English, Oxford University Press 2010: 318 Halliday, M.A.K., 'Lexis as a Linguistic Level', Journal of Linguistics 2(1) 1966: 57–67 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_collocations https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/collocations/go?q =go