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UNIT 1 A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE VOCABULARY 1 Antibiotic /,æntibai''''ɒtik/ (n) thuốc kháng sinh (a) kháng sinh 2 Bacteria /bæk''''tiəriə/ (số nhiều) vi khuẩn (số ít bacterium)) 3 Balanced /''''bælənst/(a) c[.]
UNIT 1: A LONG AND HEALTHY LIFE VOCABULARY Antibiotic /,æntibai'ɒtik/ (n) thuốc kháng sinh (a) kháng sinh Bacteria /bỉk'tiəriə/ (số nhiều) vi khuẩn (số bacterium)) Balanced /'bælənst/(a) cân bằng, cân đối balance (n,v) Cut down on : cắt giảm) Diam)eter /dai'æm)itə[r]/ (n) đường kính Disease /di'zi:z/ (n) bệnh, bệnh tật = sickness (n) =illness(n) = ailm)ent /'eilm)ənt/ Energy /'enədʒi/ sinh lực, nghị lực, lượng Exam)ine /ig'zæm)in/ xem) xét, nghiên cứu, khám) bệnh, kiểm) tra (trình độ, kiến thức…) Fitness /'fitnis/ (n) m)ạnh khỏe, sung sức fitness for som)ething (to som)ething): phù hợp, thích hợp 10 Food poisoning (n) ngộ độc thức ăn 11 Germ) /dʒɜːm/ (n) vi trùng 12 Give up : từ bỏ 13 Infection (n) /in'fek∫ən/ bệnh lây nhiễm), lây nhiễm) 14 Ingredient /in'gri:diənt/ thành phần 15 Life expectancy : tuổi thọ = life span= longevity 16 Muscle(n) /'m)ʌsl/ sức m)ạnh bắp 17 Nutrient (n) /'nju:triənt/ /'nu:triənt/ chất dinh dưỡng 18 Organism) /'ɔ:gənizəm)/ sinh vật, thực thể sống 19 Press-up: động tác chống đẩy 20 Properly (adv) /ˈprɑːpɚli/ m)ột cách điều độ, hợp lí 21 Recipe /'resəpi/ cách nấu nướng, cơng thức chế biến (m)ón ăn, bánh trái…) 22 Regular /'regjulə[r]/ đều, đặn [as] regular as clockwork: đặn m)ột m)áy [đồng hồ] 23 Spread /spred/ (n) truyền bá, lan truyền spread one's wings: tung hoành; m)ở rộng phạm) vi hoạt động; m)ở trộng phạm) vi quan tâm) 24 Star jum)p (np) : động tác nhảy dang tay chân 25 Strength (n) /streηθ/ sức m)ạnh, sức from) strength to strength:thành công ngày tăng 26 Suffer (+from)): chịu đựng 27 Treatm)ent /'tri:tm)ənt/ điều trị; điều trị; thuốc điều trị 28 Tuberculosis /tju:,bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ /tu:bɜ:kjʊ'ləʊsis/ (n) bệnh lao 29 Work out: tập thể dục GRAMMAR Phân biệt cách sử dụng Thì hồn thành Thì khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN Hành động xảy khứ Hành động xảy kết thúc kéo dài tới tương lai khứ Eg: I have learnt English for 10 years Eg: I learnt English 10 years ago (Tôi học tiếng Anh 10 năm) rồi.) (Tôi học tiếng Anh 10 năm) trước – tơi khơng cịn học nữa.) Hành động xảy khứ ảnh Hành động xảy khơng cịn liên hệ hưởng tới với Eg: I have broken m)y leg Eg: 10 years ago, I broke m)y leg once (Tôi bị gãy chân – nên nằm) bệnh viện.) (10 năm) trước, bị gãy chân m)ột lần) Cấu trúc Thì hồn thành Thì q khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH (+) S + have/ has + VpII QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN * Tobe: S + was/ were + …… Eg: I have watched “Iron Man” several tim)es * Verb: S + Ved + …… (Tôi xem) Người Sắt vài lần.) Eg: I watched “Iron Man” yesterday (Hôm) qua xem) Người Sắt.) (-) S + have/ has + not + VpII * Tobe: S + wasn’t/ weren’t + …… Eg: She hasn’t com)e up to now * Verb: S + didn’t + Vinf + …… (Đến cô chưa đến.) Eg: She didn’t go to school last week (Tuần trước cô không học.) (?) (Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII? * Tobe: (Từ để hỏi) + was/ were + S + .? Eg: How long have you lived there? * Verb: (Từ để hỏi) + did + S + Vinf + .? (Bạn sống rồi?) Eg: When did you buy that book? (Bạn m)ua sách vậy?) Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hồn thành Thì q khứ đơn HIỆN TẠI HỒN THÀNH Q KHỨ ĐƠN • Since + m)ốc thời gian • last night/ year/ m)onth • For + khoảng thời gian • yesterday • Already (rồi) • ago • Yet (chưa) • in + năm) • Before (trước đây) Eg: She bought the bike years ago • Just (vừa m)ới) (Cơ m)ua xe đạp năm) trước.) • So far (cho đến bây giờ) • Recently, lately (gần đây) Eg: He has just flown from) New York (Anh vừa m)ới bay từ New York.) PRACTICE Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect I (not/play) football since I was at school but I _ (be) very good at it back then A: you (choose) a dress for the party yet? B: Yes, I (buy) one yesterday I think our teacher (forget) about the test! He _ (not/ say) anything about it in the last season! A: (you/ sell) your house yet? B: Yes, som)e people _ (see) it last m)onth and (buy) it They (lose) their cat It _ (run) away last week Helen ever (try) sushi? you (go) to the wedding last night? I never (be) to Paris This year I (travel) to Athens tim)es so far 10 Paul and Judith (be) m)arried since 1998 11 you (finish) your hom)ework yet? 12 Last night aunt Betty (com)e) by She (tell) us that this sum)m)er they are going to Hawaii 13 I (visit) m)any different countries so far Last sum)m)er I (go) to Italy and years ago I (be) in Spain I (not/ visit) Germ)any yet 14 When you (com)e) to Greece? 15 I (com)e) in 2007 16 you (watch) the film) E.T yesterday? 17 They already (leave) the train station 18 How long you (know) Jonathan? 19 I (m)eet) him) in 2009, so I (know) him) for years 20 What (happen) to Lucy last night? 21 I (see) that program)m)e about telepathy last night 22 He (com)e) back from) Uganda a week ago 23 Last week, he (phone) _ m)e to inform) m)e about the m)atter 24 He (travel) _ a lot recently 25 Claire (have) an appointm)ent at the hairdresser’s yesterday 26 He’s the m)ost difficult custom)er I (have to - ever) deal with 27 Sales (rise) _ in 2001, but then (fall) _ again in 2002 28 We (sign) a binding contract last year which is still valid 29 I feel really tired I (finish - just) m)y hom)ework 30 Look at George ! He (have) a haircut Fill in the gaps with “yet, ago, ever, last night, for or since” My father went to Italy five days He has known her _ 2001 Have you _ seen an elephant? She hasn’t finished her work He has lived in Madrid _ ten years We went to bed at 11 o’clock Circle the correct item Has Jack gone to school then/ yet? Tonia has sent twenty invitations yesterday/ so far Tina took a test already/ three days ago I sent you an em)ail two days already/ ago but you haven’t replied Helen has already/ yet had her breakfast Put the verbs in brackets into the past simple or the present perfect I (1) _ (be) a ski instructor for m)any years now I (2) _ (take up) the sport when I (3) _ (be) at school I still rem)em)ber the first tim)e I (4) (try) to ski I (5) _ (slip) on the ice and (6) (break) m)y ankle Thankfully, I (7) _ (not/ have) a serious accident since then Last year, I (8) (try) ice-skating for the very first tim)e I (9) (slip) on the ice rink a couple of tim)es since then but I (10) (not/ break) anything Two years ago, I (11) _ (take) snowboarding lessons I (12) _ (not/ like) it because I (13) (find) it a little dangerous I (14) (not/ play) ice - hockey yet There’s a gam)e tom)orrow I can’t wait to go! EXTRA TEST PHONETICS Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in pronunciation in each of the following questions A sugar B consum)e C m)uscle D obesity A vitam)in B m)ineral C diet D fitness A m)edicine B energy C exercise D obesity A balanced B yoga C fatty A vegetable B hygiene C sugary D longevity A sm)oked B called C photographed D based A dem)anded B lived C questioned D supposed A exactly B exist C exhaust D extinct A change B poaching C chem)ical D achievem)ent 10 A survive B prohibit C fertilizer D environm)ent 11 A naked B looked C booked D hooked 12 A concerned B raised C developed D m)aintained D natural Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following questions A prevent B injure C balance D suffer A fitness B disease C treatm)ent D headache A longer B fatal C im)m)une D careful A infectious B essential C resistant D properly A nutrient B vitam)in C m)ineral D infection A expression B exam)ple C friendliness D superior A nervous B healthy C verbal D polite A exercise B prohibit C operate D cultivate 9.A acupuncture B longevity C environm)ent D establishm)ent 10 A natural B dangerous C unhealthy D regular 11 A capture B discharge C survive D exhaust 12.A fertilizer B developm)ent C environm)ent D advertisem)ent VOCABULARY Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Children often get vaccinated so as to be im)m)une to fatal diseases A susceptible B vulnerable 12 This kind of fruit helps to boost the im)m)une system) C fragile D resistant A decrease B reduce C increase D m)aintain In Vietnam), life expectancy for both m)en and wom)en has increased significantly over the last ten years A living standard B longevity C life skills D lifeline There are som)e principles for people to stick to if they want to stay healthy A rules B m)issions C laws D duties The second them)e describes the wom)en's rejection of the pressure surrounding body size and food and their desire to eat the foods they enjoyed A cultivate B purchase C digest D consum)e There are num)erous ways to exercise and m)aintain a healthy lifestyle A apply B exploit C keep D operate We should only use prescription m)edication when all other options have failed A declined B not succeeded C broken D passed You will recover quickly if you take this m)edication A get well B get on C get up D get in The doctor cautioned his patient against consum)ing too m)uch sugar A scream)ed B threatened C punished D warned 10 Make sure you get a balanced intake of vitam)ins and m)inerals to stay healthy A recognition B stim)ulation C consum)ption D digestion 11 Obesity and heart disease can be exacerbated by excessive fast-food consum)ption A Being underweight B Being overweight C Child m)alnutrition D Fam)ine stricken 12 Meditation is a popular way to relieve stress in today's hectic lifestyles A reduce B reproduce C rehearse D renam)e 13 People can fight infection m)ore effectively if they eat a nutritious diet A injection B disease C hygiene D digestion 14 Do school-based social skills training program)s prevent alcohol use am)ong young people? A boost B stim)ulate C avoid D trigger 15 Many people wear protective clothing when they go outside to avoid sunburn A recom)m)ence B encourage C facilitate D block 16 Rem)em)ber to wash your face twice a day with warm) water and m)ild soap to rem)ove dirt A light B destructive C strong D protective 17 Pim)ple squeezing can cause swelling, redness, and injection A falling B declining C shrinking D becom)ing bigger 18 Consum)ing a wide range of fruits and vegetables supplies you with vitam)ins and nutrients A broad B narrow C lim)ited D uncertain 19 She gave us som)e advice on how to keep our skin healthy and how to avoid com)m)on skin problem)s A specific B norm)al C infrequent D devoted 20 Having healthy skin is especially crucial to wom)en to m)aintain their beauty A trivial B m)eaningless C vital D contributory 21 If you look at a com)puter screen for an extended period of tim)e, your eyesight m)ay deteriorate A suffer B observe C glance D gaze 22 Life expectancy increases can be attributed to healthier lifestyles, im)proved nutrition, and advances in m)edical science and technology A m)ainstays B householders C breadwinners D breakthroughs 23 Mass m)edia have helped to raise people’s awareness of lifestyle choices A stabilize B m)inim)ize C lift D em)bark 24 For over ten years, John Kennedy has worked as a fitness trainer A practitioner B instructor C interviewer D dieter 25 Here are som)e precautions to take when engaging in various types of physical activities A safety m)easures B safety levels C safety rules D safety factors 26 If you exercise outside in hot, sunny weather, your body can overheat and lose a lot of fluid A liquid B vitam)ins C m)inerals D nutrients C caught on D com)pensated for 27 The fire resulted in dam)age to their property A resulted from) B led to 28 You should drink a glass of water before a workout and then pause regularly to drink m)ore A break up B break down C break off D break in 29 You should also exercise in the early m)orning when the weather is not too hot A have a rest B housework C hom)ework D work out 30 Before swim)m)ing, m)ake sure you've warm)ed up your body by stretching or jum)ping A exercised lightly B put on warm) clothes C had a warm) bath D rested warm)ly Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions Before you begin your yoga practice, you should som)e warm)-up exercises such as stretching A rem)aining B m)aintaining C perform)ing D shrinking Stretching will relax your m)uscles and prevent your joints A allow B avoid C lim)it D protest Don't look down at your feet as you walk This will cause you to slow down and cause back pain A result in B result from) C lead to D give off After receiving hundreds of job rejections, I decided that I needed to som)ething about m)y obesity A arrival B approval C refusal D rebuttal I discovered a website that advertised a quick and easy way to lose weight in one m)onth A suffer B treat C m)aintain D gain C.dem)olished D im)itated We were not prepared for the events that followed A refused B obeyed My boyfriend wholeheartedly supported m)e during m)y fight against obesity A aided B discouraged C assisted D boom)ed After being out of work for two years, I have received m)y first job offer recently A produced B gained C rejected D acquired If you haven't been active, begin slowly but consistently A inactive B im)propriate C inadequate D indifferent 10 You risk serious injury or death if you are swim)m)ing and lightning strikes A trivial B dreadful C crucial D negligible GRAMMAR Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions Such hum)an activities as pollution, drainage of wetlands, cutting and clearing of forests, urbanization, and A B C road and dam) construction has destroyed or seriously dam)aged available habitats D Habitat fragm)entation have caused plant and anim)al species in the rem)aining islands of habitat to lose contact A B C with others of their own kind D Without the particularly habitat, the species could not survive any m)ore A B C D Forty years after Yuri Gagarin becam)e the first m)an in orbit, Dennis Tito, an Am)erican A B businessm)an has becom)e the world first space tourist C D I wash the dishes yesterday, but I have not had the tim)e yet to it today A B C D The children have put away their toys but they didn’t m)ake their beds yet A B C D 7.She spoke in a very low voice, but I can understand what she said a few m)inutes ago A B C D There are dangerous tim)es in a m)arriage, especially when the wife can A B com)e to feel such overburdened that she decides to end the relationship C D Doctor Lam) said if you ate too m)uch fat, you would have suffered from) obesity and other health problem)s A B C D 10 My personal trainer suggested that I m)ust som)e warm)-up activities before starting the m)ain tasks A B C D Mark the letter A, B, c, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions The sm)allest _ are about 0.4 m)icron in diam)eter A anim)als B species C bacteria D diseases Som)e can cause _ diseases such as tuberculosis and food poisoning A infect B infection C infectious D infectiously Since 2009, Iceland has been the global _ in gender equality A leader B leads C leading D lead Vaccines are often used to prevent the _ of diseases caused by viruses A developm)ent B increase C decrease D spread Viruses can cause a range illness, from) the com)m)on cold or the flu to m)ore _ diseases such as AIDS and Covid-19 A infectious B m)inim)al C serious D benign Start by looking at food labels, paying attention to ingredients and such as vitam)ins and m)inerals A nutrients B features C types D drinkables The screens blued light that can prevent you from) sleeping well A give away B give out C give in D give off Exercise to always keep your body fit and your m)ind happy A regular B regularly C irregular D irregularly Many doctors recom)m)end _ as a way to reduce stress A m)edication B thought C stillness D calm)ness 10 Whole grains are high in fiber and contain a variety of that support healthy blood sugar levels A nutrition B nutrients C nutritionists D nutritious 11 Living to an average of 83 years old, Japan is the nation with the highest in the world A life skills B life work C life force D life expectancy 12.This idea has long been _ to Keynes, but in fact he was not the first to think of it A contributed B attributed C dedicated D applied 13 The doctor put m)e on a low-salt to reduce m)y blood pressure A weight B food C scale D diet 14 The acid in nonstick pans is associated with birth and developm)ental defects, _ system) problem)s, and cancer A im)m)une B im)m)unity C im)m)unization D im)m)unized 15 By paying attention to your hunger signals and switching to healthy snacks, you can _ nutrition, control cravings, and lose weight A succeed B boost C stim)ulate D request 16 Baking soda is considered the best hom)e _ for acne as it sooths itching and inflam)m)ation around spots A chem)ical B m)edicine C rem)edy D substance 17 My own _ for health is less paperwork and m)ore running barefoot through the grass A hobby B treatm)ent C m)edicine D prescription 18 If you want to keep fit, you should keep doing _ like jogging, cycling, or swim)m)ing every day A exercise B hom)ework C test D exam)ination 19 Laura fell asleep during the lesson _ she was tired A so B but C because D therefore 20 The doctor m)e to go jogging every m)orning A dem)anded B advised C ordered D persuaded 21 Fruit tastes good it’s healthy for your body A so B but C or D and 22 In order to have good , you should eat lightly and laugh cheerfully A spirit B body C health D m)ood 23 I forgot to wear a sun hat today and I got a A backache B headache C stom)achache D earache 24 Watching too m)uch television is not good _ your eyes A at B for C with D to 25 He eats a lot of burger and chips so he’s putting on _ A weigh B weightless C weight D weighting 26 The Japanese eat a lot of fish instead of m)eat _they are healthier A although B so C but D because 27 You can avoid som)e diseases by _ yourself clean A looking B bringing C keeping D taking 28 When you have a tem)perature, you should drink m)ore water and rest A least B less C m)ost D m)ore 29 When you have flu, you m)ay have a cough and a nose A following B noisy C runny D runing 66 Peter _ as a teacher for years A has work B has worked C have worked D have work 67.Mary _ with her m)other to go to the m)all hour ago A goes out B gone out C went out D was gone C have been D had been C didn’t eat D doesn’t eat C hasn’t see D hasn’t seen C not catch D weren’t catch 68.I _ a writer since 2010 A was B has been 69 Linda _ anything because she was full A weren’t eating B wasn’t eat 70 My close friend m)y new watch yet A haven’t seen B didn’t see 71 I the bus yesterday A can’t catch B didn’t catch 72 We _ touch since we _ school three years ago A lost / have left B have lost / leave C have lost / left D were losing / had left 73 Tom) Cruise's last m)ovie? Yes, I _ it three days ago A Have you ever seen / saw B Did you ever see / have seen C Had you ever seen / would see D Will you ever see / saw 74 The num)ber of the participants in the survey _ 250 students for Oxford University A are B was C were D have been C you don't read D you read not 75 I can't believe that _ the news A you haven't read B you didn't read Make sentences using the words and phrases given Do / exercise / regularly / help / you / stay / healthy A Doing exercise regularly helps you stay healthy B Doing exercise regularly help you stay healthy C Do exercise regularly helps you stay healthy D Doing exercise regularly helps you are stay healthy We / need / calories / or / energy / / things / every day A We need calories or energy things every day B We need calories or energy doing things every day C We needs calories or energy things every day D We need calories or energy to things every day We / should / balance / calories / we / get / from) / food / with / calories / we / use / physical activity A We should balance calories we get from) food with calories we use physical activity B We should balance calories we get from) food with calories we use for physical activity C We should be balancing calories we get from) food with calories we use physical activity D We should be balanced calories we get from) food with calories we use to physical activity Eat / healthy/ be / im)portant / part / m)aintain / good / health A Eat healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health B Eat healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health C Eating healthily is an im)portant part to m)aintain good health D Eating healthily is a im)portant part to m)aintain good health Eat / less / sweet / food / and / eat / m)ore / fruit / vegetables A Eating less sweet food and eat m)ore fruits and vegetables B Eating less sweet food and eating m)ore fruits and vegetables C Eating less sweet food and to eat m)ore fruits and vegetables D Eat less sweet food and eat m)ore fruits and vegetables Drink / lots / water / be / good / our health A Drinking lots of water is good for our health B Drink lots of water is good for our health C Drinking a lots of water is good for our health D Drink a lots of water is good for our health I / have / toothache / so / I / have to / see / dentist A I have a toothache so I have to see dentist B I have toothache so I have to see dentist C I have a toothache so I have to see the dentist D I have toothaches so I have to see the dentists Watch / m)uch / TV / not / good / your eyes A Watch m)uch TV is not good for your eyes B Watching m)uch TV is not good for your eyes C Watch too m)uch TV is not good for your eyes D Watching too m)uch TV is not good for your eyes When/ I/ ten/ begin/ play football A When I was ten, I began to play football B When I was ten, I begin to play football C When I am) ten, I began to play football D When I was ten, I began play football 10 Calories / im)portant / hum)an / health A Calories are im)portant for hum)an health B Calories is im)portant for hum)an health C Calories are im)portant with hum)an health D Calories is im)portant with hum)an health Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning to the original one This is the first tim)e I attend such an enjoyable wedding party A The first wedding party I attended was enjoyable B I had the first enjoyable wedding party C My attendance at the first wedding party was enjoyable D I have never attended such an enjoyable wedding party before I have not m)et her for three years A The last tim)e I m)et her was three years ago B It is three years when I will m)eet her C I did not m)eet her three years ago D During three years, I m)et her once This pasta is a new experience for m)e A I used to eat a lot of pasta B I am) used to eating pasta C It is the first tim)e I have eaten pasta D I have ever eaten pasta m)any tim)es before I have not seen Tom) for ages A It has been a long tim)e since I last saw Tom) B Tom) and I not look the sam)e age C Tom) and I are friends for a long tim)e D I often m)et Tom) ages ago The last tim)e I went to the m)useum) was a year ago A I have not been to the m)useum) for a year B A year ago, I often went to the m)useum) C My going to the m)useum) lasted a year D At last I went to the m)useum) after a year I have not seen her for three years A I have often seen her for the last three years B About three years ago, I used to m)eet her C The last tim)e when I saw her was three years ago D I saw her three years ago and will never m)eet her again "What a beautiful dress you have just bought!" Peter said to Mary A Peter prom)ised to buy Mary a beautiful dress B Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress C Peter com)plim)ented Mary on her beautiful dress D Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress "Please don't leave until I com)e back," Sarah said A Sarah suggested not leaving until she com)es back B Sarah asked us to leave until she cam)e back C Sarah told us not to leave until she cam)e back D Sarah offered to leave until she cam)e back "Stop sm)oking or you'll be ill", the doctor told m)e A The doctor advised m)e to give up sm)oking to avoid illness B The doctor suggested sm)oking to treat illness C I was ordered not to sm)oke to recover from) illness D I was warned against sm)oking a lot of cigarettes 10 She said, "John, I'll show you round m)y city when you're here." A She m)ade a trip round her city with John B She planned to show John round her city C She prom)ised to show John round her city D She organized a trip round her city for John Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given Last night she worked very hard She wanted to finish the report on tim)e A Last night she worked very hard so as to finish the report on tim)e B Last night she worked very hard although he wanted to finish the report on tim)e C However hard she worked last night; she finished the report on tim)e D No m)atter how hard she worked last night, she finished the report on tim)e You'd better call him) im)m)ediately It's possible he'll leave for Paris A If he leaves for Paris, you should call him) im)m)ediately B You'd better call him) im)m)ediately as he possibly leaves for Paris C You'd better call him) im)m)ediately so that he possibly leaves for Paris D You'd better call him) im)m)ediately unless he possibly leaves for Paris She wasn't wearing a seat-belt She was injured A If she hadn't been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured B If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she would have been injured C If she were wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't be injured D If she had been wearing a seat-belt, she wouldn't have been injured I eat a lot I cannot keep fit A I eat m)ore and m)ore and becom)e fitter and fitter B The less I eat, the fitter I becom)e C The m)ore I eat, the less fit I becom)e D I becom)e fit not only because I eat a lot They finished one project They started working on the next A Had they finished one project, they would have started working on the next B Only if they had they finished one project did they start working on the next C Hardly had they finished one project when they started working on the next D Not until they started working on the next project did they finish the previous one READING COMPREHENSION Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Life expectancy is the period of tim)e that a person can expect to live Life expectancy varies greatly between genders and cultures It used to be that wom)en had a lower life expectancy than m)en (1 in every wom)en died in childbirth), but now they live an average of four to five years longer than m)en Life expectancy has been increasing rapidly over the last centuries With the advent of such m)odern m)iracles as sewers, m)edicine and a greater understanding of how diseases are spread, our life expectancy has increased by 25-30 years In developing countries like Swaziland, where there is a high HIV/ AIDS rate, life expectancy is as low as 32.6 years In developed countries like Australia, life expectancy rates are as high as 81 years There are an increasing num)ber of factors which can cancel out the disadvantages you have The one that we are looking at now is how your career can affect your life expectancy Choosing the wrong career can result in a shorter life! If you want your career to positively influence your life expectancy, you have to be m)ade of m)oney That's right Rich people in wealthy areas of England and France live 10 years longer than the people in poorer areas Having a successful career has its drawbacks, too if the result of hard work is stress Stress can lead to a num)ber of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, fatigue, tension and aggression These conditions m)ay result in a lack of concentration and an increase in serious injuries at work They can also lead to high blood pressure and heart attacks which seriously affect life expectancy If you are worried that your job m)ight decrease your life expectancy, you probably need to avoid careers on "dangerous jobs" list such as tim)ber cutters, pilots, construction workers, roofer, truck drivers So if you don't want to kick the bucket at an early age, choose a career in som)ething other than tim)ber cutting, but above all, rem)em)ber to relax FromPre-Essence Readingby Rachel Lee, Longman The passage m)ainly discusses _ A The definition of life expectancy B The com)parison of life expectancy between wom)en and m)en C The im)portance of a successful career D The effects of a career on one’s life expectancy The average life expectancy is 32.6 years in A Swaziland B France C Australia D England Why does an increase in stress lelad to an increase in workplace accidents? A Workers like to take sick leave and stay hom)e B It leads o a decrease in concentration and depression C Workers don’t care as m)uch as about their jobs D Workers are too busy to observe safety regulations It can be inferred from) the paragraph that the disadvantage of a successful career is that _ A Yon won’t have to take a job on the “dangerous jobs” list B You are at the greater risk of being a victim) of crim)e C There is a high num)ber of work-related injuries D You are m)ore likely to be under stress The phrase “kick the bucket” in the passage is closest in m)eaning to _ A die B relax C live D succeed Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Health Benefits of Yoga Yoga is a healthy lifestyle One of the benefits of yoga is that you can choose a yoga style that is suitable for your lifestyle, such as hot yoga, power yoga, relaxation yoga, etc If you are a yoga beginner, Hatha Yoga, which focuses on basic postures at a com)fortable pace, would be great for you If you want to increase strength through using m)ore of your own body's resistance, Power Yoga m)ay be right for you Whether you prefer you're at hom)e, in a private session, watching a DVD or at a studio or gym), there are a huge variety of options available to suit your goals and needs Im)proved flexibility is one of the first and m)ost obvious benefits of yoga During your first class, you probably won't be able to touch your toes But if you stick with it, you'll notice a gradual loosening, and eventually, seem)ingly im)possible poses will becom)e possible Each of the yoga poses is built to reinforce the m)uscles around the spine, the very center of your body, which is the core from) which everything else operates When the core is working properly, posture is im)proved, thus alleviating back, shoulder, and neck pain Strong m)uscles m)ore than look good They also protect us from) conditions like arthritis and back pain, and help prevent falls in elderly people And when you build strength through yoga, you balance it with flexibility If you just went to the gym) and lifted weights, you m)ight build strength at the expense of flexibility Yoga gets your blood flowing More specifically, the relaxation exercises you learn in yoga can help your circulation, especially in your hands and feet Yoga also gets m)ore oxygen to your cells, which function better as a result Twisting poses are thought to wring out venous blood from) internal organs and allow oxygenated blood to flow in once the twist is released Many studies found that a consistent yoga practice im)proved depression and led to greater levels of happiness and better im)m)une function Yoga is a very convenient type of exercise because _ A we can watch a DVD at a studio or gym) and follow it B we can choose a yoga style that is suitable for our lifestyle C we can choose Hatha Yoga to focus on basic postures or to increase strength D there are a huge variety of options available for our private session According to yoga's principles, the spine is of great im)portance because _ A when the spine is working properly, postures will becom)e possible B seem)ingly im)possible poses will becom)e possible C it is the center of your body, from) which other m)uscles operate D we can avoid back, shoulder, and neck pain In order to build strong m)uscles, _ A we build strength with high expenses at the gym) B we don't pay any attention to our appearance C we should reinforce the m)uscles around the spine D we can have strength with flexibility through yoga Yoga can im)prove our circulation because _ A it helps to provide m)ore oxygen to cells or internal organs B it helps us to perform) twisting poses m)ore easily C we can have m)ore relaxation exercises D it helps to provide m)ore blood to internal organs than others The word " internal " in paragraph is closest in m)eaning to A inner B em)otional C relevant D applicable Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions In 1960, Am)ericans spent 10% of their healthcare dollar on m)edicines Most of the m)oney cam)e from) their own pockets, and was spent on drugs that largely treated infections heart disease, arthritis and depression Beyond that, there was little that science could offer Today, the range of diseases for which m)edical research has som)e partial treatm)ent is vast Despite this, and the double digit increase in drug spending - 75%-90% of which is paid for by insurance com)panies - prescription drugs now account for 9% of total health expenditures Sim)ilarly, claim)s by insurers and corporations - that drug costs are driving insurance costs up in general - are overstated According to health analyst J.D Kleinke, since pharm)acy costs represent only 9% of all spending, even increases of 20% could not be responsible for insurance prem)ium) increases of 10%-15% over the last two years: Prem)ium)s have been increasing far out of proportion to increasing total m)edical costs over the past three years The fact is we should spend m)ore on newer, m)ore expensive m)edicines because they are worth the investm)ent Medical innovation creates what Harvard econom)ist David Cutler calls health capital — the ability of people to stay well early and consistently throughout their lives, and rem)ain that way at an increasingly older age In fact, under the m)ost conservative assum)ption, the U.S would have needed only about 30% of the im)provem)ent in m)edical progress over the period in tim)e In the case of congestive heart failure, Mr Cutler found that increased consum)ption of new and m)ore expensive drugs and other innovative technologies generated longer life, m)ore productivity and lower health costs that offset the cost of their developm)ent and consum)ption What has changed the least since 1960? A Percentage of m)oney Am)ericans pay for m)edicines out of their own pockets B The variety of drugs available C Percentage of healthcare dollar on m)edicines D The am)ount of m)oney spent on drugs by insurance com)panies Claim)s by insurers and corporations that drug costs are driving insurance costs are overstated because A drug costs have not increased in the past B insurance costs have not increased in the past C prem)ium)s have increased by m)ore than 20% in the last two years D prem)ium)s have increased m)uch m)ore than have total m)edical costs in the past three years The way to invest in health capital is to A adopt a healthy lifestyle B spend around 10% of the healthcare m)oney on m)edicines C spend m)oney on m)edicines that the latest m)edical science can offer D spend m)ore m)oney on m)edical care in spite of higher health costs The cost of congestive heart failure illustrates that A health capital is no guarantee for a better life B using newer drugs m)ay prove too expensive for m)any people C using newer drugs contributes to a better life D it is difficult to m)ake people spend m)ore on m)edicines