Carolyn LoGiudice and Kate LaQuay Skill Area: Grammar Ages: through 11 Grades: through Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc All of our products are copyrighted to protect the fine work of our authors You may only copy the student materials as needed for your own use with students Any other reproduction or distribution of the pages in this book is prohibited, including copying the entire book to use as another primary source or “master” copy LinguiSystems, Inc 3100 4th Avenue East Moline, IL 61244-9700 800-776-4332 FAX: 800-577-4555 E-mail: service@linguisystems.com Web: linguisystems.com Printed in the U.S.A ISBN 0-7606-0649-8 About the Authors Carolyn LoGiudice, M.S., CCC-SLP, was a speech-language clinician in school, clinic, and private settings before joining LinguiSystems in 1984 She has co-authored many materials with LinguiSystems, including The WORD Test 2, No-Glamour Vocabulary Cards, The Test of Semantic Skills (TOSS-P and TOSS-I), 100% Grammar, and 100% Punctuation Carolyn LoGiudice Kate LaQuay, J.D., became part of LinguiSystems’ extended family more than 20 years ago when her mother, Carolyn LoGiudice, joined the company Now a mother herself, Kate has co-authored several LinguiSystems products, including U.S History: A Reading Comprehension Book, U.S Government: A Reading Comprehension Game and Spotlight on Vocabulary: Levels and Previously, she practiced law for six years in Los Angeles Kate and Michael LaQuay Dedication To language and learning instructors devoted to improving students’ skills and supporting their highest aspirations Illustrations by Margaret Warner Cover design by Jason Platt Table of Contents Introduction Pretest/Posttest Complete Subjects and Predicates Simple Subjects Compound Subjects 10 Simple Predicates 11 Compound Verbs 12 Noun-Verb Agreement 13 Compound Sentences 14 Coordinating Conjunctions 15 Adding Coordinating Conjunctions 17 Punctuating Compound Sentences 19 Writing Compound Sentences 21 Complex Sentences 23 Subordinating Conjunctions 24 Adding Subordinating Conjunctions 26 Punctuating Complex Sentences 28 Identifying Sentence Types 30 Rewriting Compound Sentences 32 Writing Complex Sentences 33 Identifying Sentence Fragments 35 Correcting Sentence Fragments 36 Run-on Sentences 37 Correcting Run-on Sentences 38 Answer Key 39 Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Introduction By itself, “grammar” is not an engaging topic for students You won’t hear them spontaneously discuss the function of an adjective vs an adverb Students don’t get excited about linking verbs Most adults outside the academic arena even shy away from grammar, especially now that our computers can check our grammar for reports or other writings Even so, effective speakers and writers need to understand and use grammar as a sharp tool to express their thoughts Grammar rules help us modify a message for a target audience We even break some rules on purpose to be more casual Some say the most practical reason to teach grammar in school is to help students score well on tests That practice, while pragmatic, ignores the lifelong benefits of solid grammar skills We make snap judgments when we meet people These impressions are based on communication style as much as appearance and background knowledge When all we know about someone is what that person has written, as in many e-mails, grammar and writing style are even more important How, then, we entice students to master basic grammar well enough to apply it in their conversation and their writing? • First, teach the grammar concept or rule Highlight a specific grammar point • Then, give your students practice, practice, practice • Incorporate the grammar concept in both oral and written activities • Spotlight the concept as your students encounter it in textbooks, Internet articles, school announcements, and classroom interaction • Demonstrate both correct and incorrect use of the grammar concept Talk about the impact of the concept on a message’s listener or reader Often a message is clearer when it is grammatically correct Incorrect grammar can also distract from the meaning or desired effect of a message The goals of Spotlight on Grammar are below • To help students recognize and utilize correct grammar in their speaking and writing • To boost students’ reading comprehension by understanding the role of grammar Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc All six books in Spotlight on Grammar concentrate on basic grammar concepts typically mastered by students in fifth grade Use the Pretest/Posttest on page to determine your students’ specific strengths and weaknesses The activities within each book are sequenced by general complexity Sentence structure, vocabulary, and readability are kept simple to keep students’ energies focused on the grammar concept vs reading comprehension Spotlight on Grammar: Compound and Complex Sentences begins with a brief review of simple and compound subjects and predicates as well as noun-verb agreement, both prerequisites for tackling compound and complex sentences Students then learn about coordinating conjunctions that connect equal parts of sentences, followed by subordinating conjunctions that connect dependent clauses to independent clauses to form complex sentences The intent of this book’s activities is to alert students to the form and use of compound and complex sentences, not to master more sophisticated grammar skills that are generally taught in high school Students in grades three through six should be able to easily identify simple, compound, and complex sentences after they complete these activities These students should also be able to transform one type of sentence into another, a useful tool to make their writing more interesting for readers and to explain key relationships like sequencing, causes, or associations The following additional activities will enrich your students’ compound and complex sentence skills • Write a simple sentence on the board, such as Jenny writes Talk about the subject of this sentence and the verb or predicate Then, ask your students to add more information to this sentence to change it into various compound sentences, e.g., Jenny writes to her grandma and her grandma loves getting letters, Jenny writes slowly but she types fast, etc Next, have your students change Jenny writes into various complex sentences • Diagram sentences on the board and have your students copy the diagrams A Web search for diagram sentences should give you and your students helpful information here • Your students need to differentiate independent and dependent clauses, but that terminology sometimes overwhelms students To spotlight the difference, focus on which part of the sentence contains “more important information” to identify the independent or main sentence Ask, “If we had to lose one part of this sentence, which one could we leave out and still get the important information? Why?” Even simple games that have your students repeat common subordinate conjunctions can improve their ability to spot a dependent clause For example, try snapping/clapping a rhythym and having students name a subordinating conjunction that has not been said already • Use a short passage as a cloze exercise Rewrite the passage and leave out coordinating and subordinating conjunctions Have your students supply appropriate words to complete the passage We hope you and your students enjoy Spotlight on Grammar: Compound and Complex Sentences! Carolyn and Kate Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Pretest/Posttest ➥ Circle the coordinating conjunction in each sentence Charlie likes chocolate ice cream but I prefer vanilla Are you sure or are you just guessing? Mom made sandwiches and I made fruit salad ➥ Underline the dependent clause in each sentence After we get home, we can play ball Let me know if you can stay for dinner ➥ Write S in front of each complete sentence Write F in front of each sentence fragment _ My favorite jeans _ Call me later _ All of my friends who live near me ➥ Re-write and correct the run-on sentences below We got caught in the rain, we are soaking wet 10 I can’t wait to start, let’s go! ➥ Write compound in front of each compound sentence Write complex in front of each complex sentence 11 _ Chad was eager for class to end and he kept looking at his watch 12 _ When you talked to Mom, did she say when she’d be home? Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Complete Subjects and Predicates The subject of a sentence is who or what the sentence is about The predicate is the action or the information about the subject A complete subject is the subject of a sentence and all the words that go with it complete subject My cousin Charlie ➥ complete predicate played his harmonica for hours Underline the complete subject of each sentence Many firefighters put out the fire My best friend gave me a big hug Your new bike helmet looks nice The line for the movie went around the block The basketball team played well in the first half The Sunday newspaper is always thicker Justin and Arthur have been friends forever Everyone at camp earned a merit badge The town council meets once a month 10 Our neighbor Mr Rubin goes walking each morning 11 Making sculptures out of clay is fun 12 This diesel engine could pull twelve heavy freight cars Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Complete Subjects and Predicates ➥ Underline the complete predicate of each sentence Sharks’ muscles make up 85% of their body weight I will call her back tomorrow My youngest sister, Allison, is five years old This package is addressed to you We are meeting at 3:30 today The zipper on my old backpack is broken A ticket for the movie costs nine dollars The city renamed the street Memorial Parkway Our new puppy barks at everything 10 The ice cream parlor is being remodeled 11 Kyle looks worried about something 12 The mail carrier brought a package for you and me Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Simple Subjects The simple subject of a sentence is the main word or words in the complete subject complete subject complete predicate The cape around Abe’s neck ➥ was too tight Underline the complete subject of each sentence Circle each simple subject My Aunt Alice plays the saxophone My mom’s car seats five people The plants in the living room need watering The smell of scented candles filled the air My cousin’s operation was a success A loud noise from the cave startled us This heavy box is full of books Those bananas don’t look ripe Her birthday party is Saturday 10 Everyone in my group worked together 11 The red marker has run out of ink 12 That video game was just released Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Compound Subjects A compound subject is two or more simple subjects that share the same verb Compound subjects are joined by coordinating conjunctions (connecting words) like and and or Wild monkeys and chimpanzees live in the jungle Maybe water or juice would quench your thirst ➥ Underline each part of the compound subjects in these sentences Sunscreen lotion or a hat will protect your face Whining and complaining annoy me Claire and Andrea rolled their eyes A doctor or nurse will be with you soon You or Brian can have the other half Scissors or a sharp knife would cut through that tape The sheets and towels need to be washed My little brother and sister are hungry Either paper bags or boxes would be fine 10 Blue or green would look good on you 11 Many cars and trucks are stuck in traffic 12 Abigail and Bill walked home together Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 10 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Adding Subordinating Conjunctions ➥ Choose a subordinating conjunction from the box to complete each sentence It’s okay to use the same conjunction more than once after how until although if when as since where because that while before unless The ground will be muddy the snow melts Have you made many friends you moved here? it’s too big for me right now, I like my new sweater a lot I opened the door, everyone yelled “Surprise!” I was waiting, I read the newspaper You’ll get lost you don’t follow these directions These are the games my aunt gave us We wondered we could help the disaster victims I can’t have dessert I finish my dinner 10 Dad is coming to my school he wants to talk to my teacher 11 Don’t take it apart you know how to put it back together 12 we live, it rarely rains in the summer Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 26 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Adding Subordinating Conjunctions ➥ Choose a subordinating conjunction from the box to complete each sentence It’s okay to use the same conjunction more than once when unless although because until where if before that since while I was sick in bed, I read a great book it’s cold outside, we like to sit by the fire I got home, I started my homework we moved here, we lived in Nebraska My cousin had grown a foot I saw her the sky was dark all day, it never rained Please hold your applause the end of the show you want to volunteer, please raise your hand Rob was nervous everyone was watching him 10 You can’t go on the field trip you have a signed permission slip 11 Let’s hide this someplace no one will think to look 12 My piano teacher was impressed I played so well Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 27 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Punctuating Complex Sentences If the dependent clause in a sentence comes after the complete sentence, you don’t need a comma before the clause If the dependent clause comes before the complete sentence, add a comma to separate it from the main sentence You don’t need a ticket if you are a member of the club If you are a member of the club, you don’t need a ticket ➥ Add commas where they are needed in these sentences My family likes to eat popcorn while we watch movies It was the worst storm that we’ve ever had When the judges announced the winner we all cheered Because Ken was the tallest he stood in the back row After a bee stings you it will die I have to finish my homework before I can watch TV Mandy laughed because I made a funny face Before we go to the pool we always put on lots of suntan lotion If you have an extra ticket can I buy it from you? 10 My watch hasn’t worked right since I wore it underwater 11 Unless you are 60 inches tall you can’t ride the roller coaster 12 We can’t solve the mystery until we collect more clues Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 28 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Punctuating Complex Sentences ➥ Add commas where they are needed in these sentences When I am in high school I want to try out for the track team Until you showed up we were worried about you If you need a partner let me know I need to return this library book before I lose it somewhere I practiced piano every day while I was on vacation Julie listened carefully as I told her what happened Although the cookies were a little burned they tasted good Andy can’t come to the party because he has a cold We’ll have to wait if there is a line 10 It rained every day while we were there 11 Since he started taking lessons Will’s singing is much better 12 Because the movie was sold out we went bowling instead 13 No one answered the phone when I called 14 After the crowd begged for more the band played three more songs Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 29 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Sentence Types ➥ Circle compound before each compound sentence Circle complex before each complex sentence compound complex Where we live, it’s important to know what to during a tornado drill compound complex This is the most interesting book that I have ever read compound complex I would love to come to your party but we’ll be out of town compound complex We need to get gas and then we’ll go shopping compound complex Although I haven’t seen the movie, its reviews are great compound complex Kerry is coming over after she finishes cleaning her room compound complex Have you decided what to order or you need a few minutes? compound complex I picked Gene to be on our team because he is a fast runner compound complex If you remember, will you buy some grapes at the grocery store? 10 compound complex The fish were hungry and they darted up to the surface to get the food 11 compound complex Sheila waved at Simon but he didn’t recognize her 12 compound complex You can watch the news at five o’clock on channel two, or you can watch the news at six o’clock on channel four 13 compound complex I’m going to school tomorrow unless I still have a fever 14 compound complex Sherrie needed a ride and we picked her up Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 30 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Sentence Types ➥ Circle compound before each compound sentence Circle complex before each complex sentence compound complex I told Rick that I will go to his birthday party on Saturday compound complex We won’t have to wait if we make a reservation compound complex I finished painting but the picture isn’t dry yet compound complex Before you go, may I ask you a question? compound complex I liked the otters the most when we went to the aquarium compound complex It sounded like a plane but it could have been a helicopter compound complex We traded lunches and I got her turkey sandwich compound complex My mom reads the paper while she eats breakfast compound complex My parents won’t let me babysit until I’m 15 10 compound complex We can get two ice-cream cones or we can share a sundae 11 compound complex If you have a cell phone, please call for help! 12 compound complex We need to go home because it’s getting dark 13 compound complex I will take a shower after practice is over 14 compound complex Are you in line to buy tickets or is this the line for ticket holders? Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 31 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Rewriting Compound Sentences ➥ Rewrite each compound sentence as simple sentences It may be cold today and we should bring our jackets and gloves _ _ No one expected Ian to break the record, but I wasn’t surprised _ _ Have you been to Florida before or is this your first trip? _ _ Claudia heard the phone ring but she didn’t get to it in time _ _ Sam ate a burrito and I had tacos _ _ Nathan is tall but Jeff is taller _ _ Did that make any sense or should I explain it again? _ _ I invited my whole class and almost everyone came _ _ Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 32 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Writing Complex Sentences ➥ Use the conjunction to rewrite each pair of sentences as one complex sentence while You can wait downstairs I will change my clothes _ _ because I need your help This box is too heavy for me to carry _ _ after I passed the test I was promoted to the next level _ _ if You have some advice I would love to hear it _ _ when Kevin wants to be a pilot He grows up _ _ unless You shouldn’t go in the pool You know how to swim _ _ where I went to school The students had to wear uniforms _ _ while We tried to be quiet The baby slept _ _ Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 33 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Writing Complex Sentences ➥ Use the conjunction to rewrite each pair of sentences as one complex sentence unless I will be mad at you You keep my secret _ _ when Grandpa was a little boy He lived on a farm _ _ before You wait for the clay to dry You paint it _ _ until Stir the pudding The timer beeps _ _ because My sister has a bigger room She is older than I am _ _ although Ethan is short He is a great basketball player _ _ as Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs They walked into the woods _ _ since I started exercising regularly I have had a lot more energy _ _ Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 34 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Sentence Fragments A complete sentence tells a complete thought It has a subject and a complete predicate We found shells on the beach Wash your hands before you eat A sentence fragment is just part of a sentence Shells on the beach ➥ Before you eat Circle complete for each complete sentence Circle fragment for each sentence fragment complete fragment Steaming cup of hot chocolate complete fragment The clock struck midnight complete fragment When we get home complete fragment If you tell the truth complete fragment Wait for your turn complete fragment Chuck left early complete fragment My friend Henry complete fragment Whispered quietly to us complete fragment How you know him? 10 complete fragment A big brown package 11 complete fragment Her new dog barks loudly 12 complete fragment Sally ate pizza Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 35 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Correcting Sentence Fragments A complete sentence tells a whole thought It has a subject and a complete predicate subject predicate A lion slept in the sun A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence It doesn’t tell a whole thought Slept in the sun ➥ A huge lion with a big mane Change each sentence fragment into a complete sentence Covered with mud _ After the picnic at the beach _ Signed my name _ While we made noise _ If her arm is broken _ While a flock of birds _ Unless everyone in my family _ While listening to music _ Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 36 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Run-on Sentences A run-on sentence is two or more complete sentences joined by a comma One sentence runs into the next one Vote for Harold for president, he will a great job! Here are two ways to correct a run-on sentence • Break the sentences into simple sentences Vote for Harold for president He will a great job! • Make a complex sentence Vote for Harold for president because he will a great job! ➥ Write R in front of each run-on sentence _ Megan’s mom took her shopping, she got a dress for the dance _ School was canceled today, the city can’t shovel the snow off of the streets _ If there is a fire drill, line up by the door _ The hurricane caused a lot of damage, my grandparents’ roof leaks now _ When you are done, will you turn off the lights? _ Anna’s family moved, I need her new address _ These shoes are too small, I’m getting blisters on my feet _ The parking lot was full, we couldn’t find a space _ Although he didn’t win, Bryce had a good time at the swim meet 10 _ I feel sick, I ate too much candy Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 37 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Correcting Run-on Sentences ➥ Rewrite these run-on sentences to correct them The dog barked, someone must be at the door _ Angie didn’t go in the pool, she can’t swim _ My throat is sore, I have a fever _ I can’t see anything, turn on the lights _ We are out of milk, I need to go to the store _ Anthony can keep a secret, he is very trustworthy _ Jorge made the finals, Eric didn’t qualify _ Rachel brought me a present, I thanked her _ Jimmy played a video game, we made some snacks _ 10 She stopped by earlier, you weren’t here _ 11 Tomorrow is my birthday, I will be ten years old _ 12 I didn’t sleep well, I tossed and turned all night _ Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 38 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Answer Key The most likely answers are listed here Accept other logical, appropriate answers as correct Page but or and After we get home if you can stay for dinner F S F We got caught in the rain so we are soaking wet 10 Let’s go because I can’t wait to start! 11 compound 12 complex Page Many firefighters My best friend Your new bike helmet The line for the movie The basketball team The Sunday newspaper Justin and Arthur Everyone at camp The town council 10 Our neighbor Mr Rubin 11 Making sculptures out of clay 12 This diesel engine Page make up 85% of their body weight will call her back tomorrow is five years old is addressed to you are meeting at 3:30 today is broken costs nine dollars renamed the street Memorial Parkway barks at everything 10 is being remodeled 11 looks worried about something 12 brought a package for you and me Page My Aunt Alice My mom’s car The plants in the living room The smell of scented candles My cousin’s operation A loud noise from the cave This heavy box Those bananas Her birthday party 10 Everyone in my group 11 The red marker 12 That video game Page 10 lotion, hat Whining, complaining Claire, Andrea doctor, nurse You, Brian Scissors, knife sheets, towels brother, sister bags, boxes 10 Blue, green 11 cars, trucks 12 Abigail, Bill Page 11 has been working on a science experiment will fly south for the winter are building an apartment complex is giving me a headache can sleep through anything could help you with your homework will sit in the first row volunteered to walk the dog have warned me about losing my retainer 10 are dancing on the stage in the auditorium 11 might work late tonight 12 am pretending to be invisible Page 12 yawned, stretched fell, broke slithered, hissed Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences 10 11 12 frosted, decorated unlocked, looked yelled, stomped splashed, built put, grabbed turned, drove took, swallowed folded, put wagged, licked Page 13 give know takes uses give Page 14 but and or or but or 10 10 11 12 fly are is am have and but and and or and Page 15 comb, brush family, I Sharks hunt whenever they can, they can go a long time between feedings choose, pick I went to lie down for a minute, I fell asleep on the couch dog, cat Would you like to go together, should we meet there make, order We left early, we got stuck in traffic 10 brothers, Jacob 11 map, compass 12 swam, got Page 16 Penguins are birds, they swim like fish She tried the door, it was locked I got paint on my shirt, I need to change I slept for eight hours, I still feel tired 39 10 11 12 13 14 Gabriel, Rich, Dylan got, waited hugged, kissed Christine, Samantha, Rachel listened, wrote read, started calculator, stapler say, friends, I We don’t have any lunch meat, I could make you a peanut butter sandwich Page 17 and but but or and and 10 11 12 but, and but and and or but, and Page 18 but or, and but and, but or or 10 11 12 and and, but but, and or and but, and Pages 19 and 20 Answers will vary due to teacher/personal style Page 21 It is getting late and I can’t keep my eyes open I cannot my chores today, but I will them tomorrow Courtney entered an essay contest and she won a scholarship Dale has a brother but he doesn’t have any sisters We could have sandwiches or we could have some fruit I don’t know Doug very well, but he seems nice We have two parakeets and they get along well Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Morgan is my best friend and she lives next door to me Page 22 Tony had a question and he raised his hand I like this one the most, but it costs too much money Carrie went to the dentist and she has two cavities Do you play the flute or you play the violin? I put my keys in my backpack and/but I can’t find them now Spencer is grounded and he can’t come to the party I will bring the game to school or you can come play it at my house I want to be a writer but Mom wants me to be a teacher Page 23 unless; Let’s heat these egg rolls Whenever; I can take your order When; take your time If; call me anytime until; The picnic was a huge success after; Would you please help me Although; I trust Kelly completely Before; know what you want to say Page 24 although before unless if until because 10 11 12 When because Before after If until 10 11 12 13 14 after until when Because After if unless Page 25 Before If Although until because when Unless Page 26 when, while, after since Although When, As, After While, As if that if, how, when until, unless, after 10 because, when, since 11 unless, until, before 12 Where Page 27 While, When When, If, Because When Before, Until since Although, While until If, When because, while 10 unless, until 11 that, where 12 that, because Page 28 winner, we tallest, he you, it pool, we ticket, can 11 tall, you Page 29 school, I up, we partner, let burned, they 11 lessons, Will’s 12 out, we 14 more, the Page 30 complex complex compound compound complex complex compound complex complex 10 compound 11 compound 12 compound 13 complex 14 compound Spotlight on Grammar Compound & Complex Sentences Page 31 complex complex compound complex complex compound compound complex complex 10 compound 11 complex 12 complex 13 complex 14 compound Page 32 It may be cold today We should bring our jackets and gloves No one expected Ian to break the record I wasn’t surprised Have you been to Florida before? Is this your first trip? Claudia heard the phone ring She didn’t get to it in time Sam ate a burrito I had tacos Nathan is tall Jeff is taller Did that make any sense? Should I explain it again? I invited my whole class Almost everyone came Page 33 You can wait downstairs while I change my clothes I need your help because this box is too heavy for me to carry After I passed the test, I was promoted to the next level If you have some advice, I would love to hear it Kevin wants to be a pilot when he grows up You shouldn’t go in the pool unless you know how to swim Where I went to school, the students had to wear uniforms We tried to be quiet while the baby slept Page 34 I will be mad at you unless you keep my secret When Grandpa was a little boy, he lived on a farm You wait for the clay to dry before you paint it Stir the pudding until the timer beeps My sister has a bigger room because she is older than I am Although Ethan is short, he is a great basketball player Hansel and Gretel dropped bread crumbs as they walked into the woods Since I started exercising regularly, I have had a lot more energy Page 35 fragment complete fragment fragment complete complete fragment fragment complete 10 fragment 11 complete 12 complete Page 36 Answers will vary Page 37 R R R R R R 10 R Page 38 Answers will very, depending on whether students use simple, compound, or complex sentences 23-06-987654321 40 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc