Carolyn LoGiudice and Kate LaQuay Skill Area: Grammar Ages: through 11 Grades: through Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc All of our products are copyrighted to protect the fine work of our authors You may only copy the student materials as needed for your own use with students Any other reproduction or distribution of the pages in this book is prohibited, including copying the entire book to use as another primary source or “master” copy LinguiSystems, Inc 3100 4th Avenue East Moline, IL 61244-9700 800-776-4332 FAX: 800-577-4555 E-mail: service@linguisystems.com Web: linguisystems.com Printed in the U.S.A ISBN 0-7606-0645-5 About the Authors Carolyn LoGiudice, M.S., CCC-SLP, was a speech-language clinician in school, clinic, and private settings before joining LinguiSystems in 1984 She has co-authored many materials with LinguiSystems, including The WORD Test 2, No-Glamour Vocabulary Cards, The Test of Semantic Skills (TOSS-P and TOSS-I), 100% Grammar, and 100% Punctuation Carolyn LoGiudice Kate LaQuay, J.D., became part of LinguiSystems’ extended family more than 20 years ago when her mother, Carolyn LoGiudice, joined the company Now a mother herself, Kate has co-authored several LinguiSystems products, including U.S History: A Reading Comprehension Book, U.S Government: A Reading Comprehension Game and Spotlight on Vocabulary: Levels and Previously, she practiced law for six years in Los Angeles Kate and Michael LaQuay Dedication To language and learning instructors devoted to improving students’ skills and supporting their highest aspirations Illustrations by Margaret Warner Cover design by Jason Platt Table of Contents Introduction Pretest/Posttest What Is a Pronoun? Identifying Pronouns Identifying Pronoun Referents Possessive Pronouns 11 Using Possessive Pronouns 13 Reflexive Pronouns 15 Interrogative Pronouns 17 Demonstrative Pronouns 18 Relative Pronouns 19 Pronoun-Verb Agreement 21 Indefinite Pronouns 22 Subject Pronouns 23 Object Pronouns 25 Using Subject and Object Pronouns 28 Contractions 30 Using I and Me 31 Using Their and They’re 32 Using Its and It’s 33 Using Your and You’re 34 Using Pronouns Correctly 35 Answer Key 39 Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Introduction By itself, “grammar” is not an engaging topic for students You won’t hear them spontaneously discuss the function of an adjective vs an adverb Students don’t get excited about linking verbs Most adults outside the academic arena even shy away from grammar, especially now that our computers can check our grammar for reports or other writings Even so, effective speakers and writers need to understand and use grammar as a sharp tool to express their thoughts Grammar rules help us modify a message for a target audience We even break some rules on purpose to be more casual Some say the most practical reason to teach grammar in school is to help students score well on tests That practice, while pragmatic, ignores the lifelong benefits of solid grammar skills We make snap judgments when we meet people These impressions are based on communication style as much as appearance and background knowledge When all we know about someone is what that person has written, as in many e-mails, grammar and writing style are even more important How, then, we entice students to master basic grammar well enough to apply it in their conversation and their writing? • First, teach the grammar concept or rule Highlight a specific grammar point • Then, give your students practice, practice, practice • Incorporate the grammar concept in both oral and written activities • Spotlight the concept as your students encounter it in textbooks, Internet articles, school announcements, and classroom interaction • Demonstrate both correct and incorrect use of the grammar concept Talk about the impact of the concept on a message’s listener or reader Often a message is clearer when it is grammatically correct Incorrect grammar can also distract from the meaning or desired effect of a message The goals of Spotlight on Grammar are below • To help students recognize and utilize correct grammar in their speaking and writing • To boost students’ reading comprehension by understanding the role of grammar Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc All six books in Spotlight on Grammar concentrate on basic grammar concepts typically mastered by students in fifth grade Use the Pretest/Posttest on page to determine your students’ specific strengths and weaknesses The activities within each book are sequenced by general complexity Sentence structure, vocabulary, and readability are kept simple to keep students’ energies focused on the grammar concept vs reading comprehension Spotlight on Grammar: Pronouns presents information about various types of pronouns and the ways they are used Here are additional activities to supplement the worksheets in this book: • The more students hear and read correct grammar, the more their ears and brains will tune in to correct vs incorrect grammar, including pronoun usage Have your students raise their hands when they hear pronouns in songs, poems, or short passages to spotlight correct pronoun usage When your students aren’t sure which of two pronouns to use in a sentence, teach them to say the sentence out loud (or whispered) with each pronoun choice This strategy also affords a natural opportunity to address local/non-standard English vs standard English and to talk about code switching as necessary for taking tests or other situations in which standard English is expected • Number sticks or cards and give one to each student Call out random groups of numbers and have those students stand together Then ask a volunteer to refer to the entire group with a correct pronoun, using the pronoun in a complete sentence Where appropriate, have your students think of other pronouns that could also refer to each group and use these pronouns in sentences • Type a short story (fables work well here) and leave out several pronouns Display the story on a board or an overhead Have your students decide which pronouns to fill in the blanks, explaining the clues that helped them select an appropriate pronoun for each instance • Arrange your students in groups of two or three Have the groups identify something each member has in common, such as a favorite food or leisure activity Next, as a whole class, have each student take a turn using pronouns (no names) to share what the members of his small group have in common, e.g., “She and I both like skating.” (Remind students as necessary to refer to themselves last in constructions such as He and I or to her and me ) • Have your students nominate and vote for their favorite new pronoun to take the place of he or she and for him or her in sentences such as Each student should eat what wants or what tastes good to _ This activity pinpoints the traditional usage as well as the current trend to ignore it in conversation — one of many examples of how language changes over time • To practice relative pronouns, have your students give definitions telling the functions of objects or the jobs of workers, e.g., A microwave is an appliance that heats food, A pianist is someone who plays the piano We hope Spotlight on Grammar: Pronouns is a big hit with you and your students! Carolyn and Kate Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Pretest/Posttest ➥ Underline each subject pronoun Circle each object pronoun Brooke lives near him We can only stay ten minutes Please turn it off during dinner ➥ Circle the referent for each bolded pronoun Michelle finished the book It had a surprising ending Evan wouldn’t that to himself Donna visited her aunt, who lives on Oak Street Jessica is having a slumber party She invited five guests ➥ Write the correct pronouns to complete these sentences picture is smaller than My Mine her hers introduced right away We Us ours ourselves 10 afraid going to hurt I I’m your you’re you yourself 11 don’t feel like today I me me myself 12 Neither one papers on the bulletin board their Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns his Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc What Is a Pronoun? A pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun or nouns Read this paragraph Ned has a busy day today First, Ned will eat breakfast Then, Ned will Ned’s chores Ned will fix lunch for Ned at noon Then, Ned will go play with Ned’s friends Now, read the same story below This time, notice the pronouns in bold print Ned has a busy day today First, he will eat breakfast Then, he will his chores He will fix lunch for himself at noon Then, he will go play with his friends Each one of the pronouns refers back to the same noun – Ned You need to state a noun before you can replace it with a pronoun The noun is the antecedent for the pronoun That means it comes before the pronoun The antecedent for the pronouns in the story above is Ned ➥ Underline the antecedent for each bolded pronoun Marcy paid for the ticket herself Anthony put his shoes on the wrong feet Daniel likes cats but is allergic to them Barbara returned Antonio’s jacket to him Courtney loves her new necklace David wants to keep a secret from his brother but he can’t Aiden tried to fix the toy but it fell apart Adam watched a movie by himself Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Pronouns The words in the box are pronouns ➥ I, me, mine he, him, his it, its they, them, theirs you, your she, her, hers we, us, our one, none Underline each pronoun in these sentences I am excited about the party She is Marco’s best friend Do you think we have enough time? They pretended not to notice us He told a joke but I didn’t get it I want to invite them Would you ask him to give it to me? We will play at her house on Saturday He didn’t like the trick they played on the puppy 10 The Spartans beat us 21 to 17 11 We will beat them next time 12 I haven’t seen him yet today Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Pronoun Referents ➥ Underline each pronoun in these pairs of sentences Then, draw a line to connect each pronoun to what it is talking about Here is an example Trevor has a new bike He rides it every day after school Leslie loaned Patrick the book It belongs to her Erin wants a cupcake She will eat it for dessert New neighbors moved into town They are from Texas Action Heroes is a great video game Steven wants to borrow it Mitch doesn’t like thunder It scares him Angela wore a new shirt to school She thought it looked great! Here is an extra pencil Sharon can borrow mine Carla doesn’t need help She can finish by herself The doors are automatic They open and close by themselves 10 Dana built a snowman yesterday It is starting to melt now 11 Bob missed the bus He was two minutes late for it 12 These brownies are fresh Mom made them this morning Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Identifying Pronoun Referents A pronoun refers to a noun or nouns ➥ Underline each pronoun in these pairs of sentences Then, draw a line to connect each pronoun to what it is talking about Shelly brought a green backpack for the play It is not hers Casey spilled the paint He got it all over himself Henry has a silver marker Derek wants one like his Dad bought a new car It is black, his favorite color Monica is shy She keeps her thoughts to herself The delivery truck is here It is parked on the street Tricia heard a noise Was it her stomach growling? Please don’t eat the last slice of pizza Mom is saving it for herself Mr Sanger will be the judge He will make the final decision 10 Tracy’s dress is beautiful Did she make it herself? 11 Billy has a huge family They reserve a whole park for their reunions 12 Madison is 17 She can drive herself to school Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 10 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Object Pronouns ➥ In each blank, write one object pronoun from the box to replace the bolded word or words in the sentence him her it us you them Shelly put grapes and bananas in the fruit salad Dad drove my brother and me to school What is wrong with you and Nathan? Eve fixed the bike Alexa didn’t want to sit next to Jill Alan asked Lorenzo to switch seats Dan threw the ball to first base Mom won’t let Joe or me ride in the front seat Max ate a sandwich for lunch 10 The teacher talked to Allison after school 11 A package arrived for Austin 12 Megan introduced Sheryl and Tina Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 26 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Object Pronouns ➥ In each blank, write one object pronoun to replace the bolded word or words in the sentence Mason will play cards with Ned and me Sally has a crush on Lance Please put the books back where they belong Steve dropped the phone by accident We made a birthday card for Ms Brown Mr Johnson looked surprised to see Yvonne and me I want Allison and you to be on my team Kevin stood behind Brian in line Margaret passed the ball to another player 10 I haven’t heard from Emily for a long time 11 Please stack the dishes on the counter 12 Amy made a special dessert for after dinner Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 27 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Subject and Object Pronouns ➥ Write the correct pronoun to complete each sentence Please give some water they them is my best friend She Her Katie is ignoring they them are going to a carnival We Us Please give the ball to I me John said to call tomorrow he him want another cookie, please I Me Susan sat across from we us went to the beach They Them 10 Do you know well? she her 11 has a new skateboard He Him 12 Joyce and saw a movie last night I Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns me 28 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Subject and Object Pronouns ➥ Write the correct pronoun to complete each sentence Luis wants me to a puzzle with he him are going to be late We Us want to it myself I Me were the last passengers to board They Them Mom bought new school clothes for and she her I me Sarah finished Todd’s chore for he him will visit Grandma soon She Her Anton played a trick on we us Ron and can take turns with the ball he him 10 Josh threw water balloons at and he him I me 11 is my favorite teacher She Her 12 forgot their lunch money They Them Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 29 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Contractions We can use a contraction to combine a pronoun and a verb We use an apostrophe ( ’) to replace the letter or letters we leave out he + is = he’s ➥ you + are = you’re Write the contraction for each pair of words he + will = 12 I + have = I + am = 13 you + will = they + are = 14 she + had = she + is = 15 it + will = I + will = 16 he + has = they + had = 17 they + have = he + is = 18 you + had = they + will = 19 he + had = _ I + had = 20 you + have = 10 it + is = 21 she + has = 11 she + will = 22 you + are = Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 30 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using I and Me Use I as the subject of a sentence Use me in other parts of a sentence Use I or me last I need bigger shoes Maybe these shoes will fit me These tickets are for him and me Lisa, Jody, and I are on the same team ➥ Write I or me to complete each sentence correctly That secret is between her and The girls and are planning a party My grandma brought a present want to take a karate class These pants don’t fit Ethan, Joe, and will sit together My mom drove Jessica, Sam, and to school Mom asked what we were doing Marjorie said, “ can help her.” 10 What is the matter with today? 11 What you think should do? 12 asked my dad to buy it for Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 31 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Their and They’re Their shows possession They’re is a contraction of they + are ➥ Write their or they’re to complete each sentence map led us right to the treasure either on my bed or in my closet brother drives a red car Do you think watching us? hungrier than ever today I don’t know address all taking gymnastics together Where they keep photo albums? Put your papers on my desk when finished 10 They voted for favorite candidates 11 The baby birds have left nest Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 32 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Its and It’s Its and it’s sound the same, but they mean different things Its shows ownership It’s is a contraction for it + is Its paws were covered with mud ➥ It’s time to eat lunch Write its or it’s to complete each sentence I can’t use the umbrella because broken The book was missing cover time for lunch The dinosaur had spikes on tail The horse had ribbons braided through mane We can eat it when cool too wet outside to play baseball The movie theater unlocks doors at 11 o’clock I think going to be fun 10 The computer had something stuck in drive 11 important to follow the directions closely 12 pages were torn Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 33 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Your and You’re Your and you’re sound the same, but they mean different things Your shows ownership You’re is a contraction for you + are Is that your scooter Ben is riding? You’re next in the line to ride Ben’s scooter ➥ Write your or you’re to complete each sentence correctly one of the nicest people I know Ms Hogan wants to know where going Where is backpack? going to be late if you don’t hurry family is larger than mine I didn’t mean to hurt feelings Is it true that moving to Florida? pencils got mixed up with mine I can’t remember last name 10 Maybe not sure which way to go 11 I think doing a great job 12 I really like idea Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 34 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Pronouns Correctly ➥ Rewrite each sentence Replace the bolded word or words with the correct pronoun Mom fixed a salad for Todd and I _ If your hot, take off you’re coat _ They am afraid its not going to work _ Gloria kept Gloria’s promise _ Us will be ten minutes late _ Jack and me are huge football fans _ Sharon’s birthday party is right after the birthday party that you will have _ Should us ask Barbara and Jean to join we? _ Tell Nick him will have to go by hisself _ 10 This book was written by Jed and I _ 11 How tall is it’s tower? _ 12 Jane and me are almost finished _ Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 35 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Pronouns Correctly Do not use a subject pronoun when there is already a subject for the sentence ➥ incorrect My cousin she is a hair stylist correct My cousin is a hair stylist Cross out the extra subject pronoun in each sentence The car it was going very fast Kim said Martha she is a good friend Claire and Bill they will meet us there My Dad he will be home soon That lousy machine it breaks all the time Evan and I we can’t seem to agree The weather it looks like a storm is coming The dogs they barked all night Greg he is so funny 10 Ms Taylor she lives down the street 11 My toothache it comes and goes 12 The microwave it will beep when it’s done Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 36 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Pronouns Correctly When a sentence is shortened, sometimes it ends with a pronoun Here’s how to figure out if an ending pronoun should be a subject pronoun or an object pronoun Expand the sentence in your mind ➥ shortened sentence expanded sentence My dog likes Dad more than me My dog likes Dad more than it likes me shortened sentence expanded sentence Colby ate more pizza than I Colby ate more pizza than I ate pizza Write the correct pronoun to end each shortened sentence My sister spends more time on the phone than I me Would you rather sit next to Linda or ? I me Are you talking to them or ? we us Tim and Vicky both worked hard, but Tim was more careful than she her Please pick me as your partner, not he him Lois is coming to the party, but are ? they them They go on field trips more often than we us I babysit for the Brauns less often than I babysit for they them Chuck can run faster than he him 10 I threw more snowballs at Fran than at she her Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 37 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Using Pronouns Correctly ➥ Write the correct pronouns to complete these sentences If _ pencil is broken, borrow _ your you’re my mine Andrew and Dylan wanted to play by _ theirselves themselves Is Alex still mad at _? she her The cat scratched _ ears its it’s The neighbors and _ played street ball I me _ never been there before They’ll They’d This house looks newer than _ their theirs Erin doesn’t like chocolate, but _ ate the cake anyway she her Tell Andrea not to feel sorry for _ yourself herself 10 Dad promised my sisters and _ that we would go to the pool I me 11 I can set the table faster than _ he him 12 Are they finished with _ lunch? their Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns they’re 38 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc Answer Key The most likely answers are listed here Accept other logical, appropriate answers as correct Page Page 10 Page 13 10 11 12 It - backpack, hers Shelly He - Casey, it - paint, himself - Casey one - marker, his - Henry It - car, his - Dad She - Monica, her - Monica, herself - Monica It - truck it - noise, her - Tricia it - slice, herself - Mom He - Mr Sanger 10 she - Tracy, it - dress, herself - Tracy 11 They - family, their - family 12 She - Madison, herself - Madison 10 11 12 object - him subject - We object - it book Evan aunt Jessica My, hers We, ourselves I’m, you’re, yourself I, myself his Page 7 Marcy Anthony cats Antonio Courtney David toy Adam Page 8 10 11 12 I She you, we They, us He, I, it I, them you, him, it, me We, her He, they us We, them I, him Page 9 10 11 12 It - book, her - Leslie She - Erin, it - cupcake They - neighbors it - Action Heroes/game It - thunder, him - Mitch She - Angela, it - shirt mine - pencil She - Carla, herself Carla They - doors, themselves - doors It - snowman He - Bob, it - bus them - brownies Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns Page 11 10 11 12 My your his their its our her my, their his, our Her, its my, your their Page 12 10 11 12 yours mine theirs ours hers his, yours mine, hers Theirs, ours Hers, his Mine Theirs mine my Our Theirs yours my your Their, ours Hers mine Our, their Her theirs Page 14 10 11 12 yours his hers theirs his ours yours theirs Ours mine hers yours Page 15 10 11 12 herself yourself yourselves myself itself ourselves themselves himself itself yourselves themselves himself Page 16 39 myself yourselves myself himself themselves herself yourself themselves 10 11 12 itself herself himself itself Page 17 10 11 12 Who Whose, What, Which Which Who Whose, Which Who Which Whose Who, What Which Who What, Which Page 18 10 11 12 these, those This, That these, those This, That These, Those These, Those This, That These, Those these, those This, That These, Those These, Those Page 19 10 11 12 which - ticket that - book which - parent that - report which - cake which - two seconds who - aunt that - money that - house whose - student who - one which - sneeze Page 20 which that, which whose that, which Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc 10 11 12 which whose that, which that, which who whose whose which Page 26 She I They She They She 10 11 12 He They They He They They bring wants read knows play shoots eat laughs knows wear She You We They It He She They It They He They 10 11 12 I They We You I She 10 11 12 We It She It They We Page 25 him me us them us us him them it her us them She them We me him 6 10 it her you them me Spotlight on Grammar Pronouns 10 11 12 10 11 12 you him it her them it 10 11 12 I us They her He I him We I They her, me him She us he him, me She They he’ll I’m they’re she’s I’ll they’d he’s they’ll I’d it’s she’ll 10 11 12 me me I me I I, me 10 11 Their They’re Their they’re They’re their They’re their they’re their their it’s its It’s its its it’s 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 I’ve you’ll she’d it’ll he’s they’ve you’d he’d you’ve she’s you’re 10 11 12 yours we, them, us he, himself me its I Page 36 it she they he it we 10 11 12 it they he she it it 10 they we them he her Page 37 Page 33 10 11 12 10 11 12 Page 34 Page 30 10 11 me I me I me I Page 32 Page 29 Page 24 6 Page 23 it us it her him them Page 28 Page 22 10 Page 31 10 11 12 Page 27 Page 21 them us you it her him You’re you’re your You’re Your your you’re Your your you’re you’re your It’s its it’s its It’s Its I me us she him Page 38 10 11 12 your, mine themselves her its I They’d theirs she herself me he their Page 35 me you’re, your I, it’s her We I 23-06-987654321 40 Copyright © 2006 LinguiSystems, Inc