[...]... another completely different tool) In the following, the Web3D H-anim standards, the MPEG-4 face and body animation, as well as MPEG-4 AFX extensions for humanoid animation, are briefly introduced The Web3D H-Anim Standards The Web3D H-anim working group (H-anim) was formed so that developers could agree on a standard naming convention for human body parts and joints The human form has been studied for. .. is introduced 3D Human Body Modeling Modeling a human body first implies the adaptation of an articulated 3D structure, in order to represent the human body biomechanical features Secondly, it implies the definition of a mathematical model used to govern the movements of that articulated structure Several 3D articulated representations and mathematical formalisms have been proposed in the literature... higher complexity than the classical rigid object modeling It takes advantage of most of the techniques proposed within the rigid object modeling community, together with a prior-knowledge of human body movements based on a kinematics and dynamics study of the human body structure The huge amount of articles published during the last years involving 3D human body modeling demonstrates the increasing interest... techniques, since they are commonly used for 3D reconstruction Model-based techniques rely on a mathematical representation of human body structure and motion dynamics The type of the model used depends upon the requisite accuracy and the permissible complexity of pose reconstruction Model-based approaches usually exploit the kinematics and dynamics of the human body by imposing constraints on the model’s... order to detect the commencement and termination of actions, the human skeleton is extracted and the angles subtended by the torso, the upper leg and the lower leg, are estimated Each action is then recognized based on the characteristic path that these angles traverse This technique, though, relies on lateral views of the human body Park & Aggarwal (2000) propose a method for separating and classifying... information about the 3D geometry, color and texture of the body part associated with that joint Joint nodes may also contain hints for inversekinematics systems that wish to control the H-anim figure, such as the upper and lower joint limits, the orientation of the joint limits, and a stiffness/resistance value The file also contains a single Humanoid node, which stores humanreadable data about the humanoid,... seamless virtual model definition and bone-based animation Particularly, the AFX specification describes state of the art components for rendering geometry, textures, volumes and animation A hierarchy of geometry, modeling, physics and biomechanical models are described along with advanced tools for animating these models AFX Extensions for Humanoid Animation The new Humanoid Animation Framework, defined... Gavrila & Davis (1996) also propose the use of a 22-DOF model without modeling the palm of the hand or the foot and using a rigid headtorso approximation The model is defined by three DOFs for the positioning of the root of the articulated structure, three DOFs for the torso and four DOFs for Copyright © 2004, Idea Group Inc Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission... Hence, the body posture is synthesized by concatenating the transformation matrices associated with the joints, starting from the root Despite the fact that this formalism suffers from singularities, Delamarre & Faugeras (2001) propose the use of compositions of translations and rotations defined by Euler angles They solve the singularity problems by reducing the number of DOFs of the articulation 3D Human. .. 1999) On the contrary, techniques focused on motion analysis for other applications, such as the study of movement disabilities, are based on articulated 3D models Hence, kinematics and dynamics parameters of the human body need to be determined (Marzani et al 1997) Human body surface recovering has an increasing number of applications For example, Fouchet (1999) presents a 3D body scanner together with . 3D Modeling and Animation: Synthesis and Analysis Techniques for the Human Body Nikos Sarris Michael G. Strintzis IRM Press 3D Modeling and Animation: Synthesis and Analysis Techniques for the Human. authors, but not necessarily of the publisher. 3D Modeling and Animation: Synthesis and Analysis Techniques for the Human Body Table of Contents Preface vi Nikos Sarris, Informatics & Telematics. which revises the state-of -the- art on established methods and standards for the analysis and synthesis of images containing humans. The most recent vision-based hu- man body modeling techniques