Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 1: The human body: An orientation (part b)

Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 1: The human body: An orientation (part b). This part will be your lab assignment. Make sure you know your anatomical terminology, anatomical regions, body cavities, body positions and orientation.

An Orientation: Part B

1

Chapter 1, part b

This part will be your  lab assignment. Make  sure you know your 

anatomical  terminology,  anatomical  regions,  body cavities, body 

positions and 

orientation.

Anatomical Position

body position:

Manus (hand)

Palmar Pollex Digital

Lower limb

Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar

Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal

Pedal (foot)

Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital

Hallux

Thorax

Abdomen

Back (Dorsum)

Table 1.1

Manus (hand)

Palmar Pollex Digital

Lower limb

Coxal (hip) Femoral (thigh) Patellar

Crural (leg) Fibular or peroneal

Pedal (foot)

Tarsal (ankle) Metatarsal Digital

Hallux

Thorax

Abdomen

Back (Dorsum)

Figure 1.7b

Cervical Back (dorsal)

(b) Posterior/Dorsal

Scapular Vertebral Lumbar Sacral Gluteal Perineal (between anus and external genitalia)

of head)

Thorax Abdomen Back (Dorsum)

Body Planes

Plane: Flat surface along which body or structure is cut for

anatomical study

Body Planes

 Frontal (coronal) plane

 Divides body vertically into anterior

and posterior parts

Spinal cord Subcutaneous fat layer Body wall

Rectum Intestines Left and

right lungs

Liver Heart

Stomach

Spleen Arm

(a) Frontal section

(through torso)

(b) Transverse section (through torso, inferior view)

(c) Median section (midsagittal)

Frontal plane

Transverse plane

Body Cavities

Ventral cavity

Houses internal organs (viscera)

Two subdivisions (separated by diaphragm):

Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

Superior mediastinum

Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

Pleural cavity

Vertebral

cavity

pelvic cavity

Abdomino-Ventral body cavity

(thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)

Abdominal cavity

(contains digestive viscera)

Diaphragm

Pelvic cavity

(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)

Thoracic cavity

(contains heart and lungs)

(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view

Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity

Ventral Body Cavities

Thoracic cavity subdivisions:

Two pleural cavities

Each houses a lung

Mediastinum

Contains pericardial cavity

Surrounds thoracic organs

Pericardial cavity

Encloses heart

Ventral Body Cavities

Abdominopelvic cavity 

subdivisions:

Abdominal cavity

Contains stomach, intestines,

spleen, and liver

Pelvic cavity

Contains urinary bladder,

reproductive organs, and rectum

Superior mediastinum

Pericardial cavity within the mediastinum

Pleural cavity

Vertebral

cavity

pelvic cavity

Abdomino-Ventral body cavity

(thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities)

Abdominal cavity

(contains digestive viscera)

Diaphragm

Pelvic cavity

(contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and rectum)

Thoracic cavity

(contains heart and lungs)

(a) Lateral view (b) Anterior view

Dorsal body cavity Ventral body cavity

Serous Membrane (Serosa)

Thin, double-layered membrane separated by serous fluid

Parietal serosa lines internal body walls

Visceral serosa covers the

internal organs

Figure 1.10a-b

Outer balloon wall (comparable to parietal serosa) Air (comparable to serous cavity) Inner balloon wall

(comparable to visceral serosa)

Heart

Parietal pericardium Pericardial space with serous fluid Visceral pericardium

(b) The serosae associated with the heart.

Abdominopelvic Quadrants

Divisions used primarily by medical personnel

Left lower quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominopelvic Regions

Nine divisions used primarily

by anatomists

Figure 1.12

Epigastric region

Umbilical region

Right

lumbar

region

Left lumbar region

Right

hypochondriac

region

Left hypochondriac region

Hypogastric (pubic) region

Right iliac

(inguinal)

region

Left iliac (inguinal) region

Liver Gallbladder Ascending colon of large intestine Small intestine Appendix Cecum

Diaphragm Stomach

(a) Nine regions delineated by four planes (b) Anterior view of the nine regions showing the superficial organs

Other Body Cavities