(Luận văn) a contrastive analysis of interpersonal meaning in american and vietnamese caricatures from multi modal perspective

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY HUỲNH THỊ DIỄM NHƯ lu an n va INTERPERSONAL MEANING IN AMERICAN AND p ie gh tn to A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF w VIETNAMESE CARICATURES FROM MULTI- d oa nl MODAL PERSPECTIVE ll u nf va an lu English Linguistics oi m Field: 22 02 01 z at nh Code: z m co l gm @ Supervisor: Võ Duy Đức, Ph.D an Lu n va ac th si BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN HUỲNH THỊ DIỄM NHƯ lu an n va p ie gh tn to PHÂN TÍCH ĐỐI CHIẾU NÉT NGHĨA LIÊN NHÂN TRONG TRANH BIẾM HỌA MỸ VÀ VIỆT NAM TỪ GĨC NHÌN ĐA PHƯƠNG THỨC d oa nl w Mã số: Ngôn ngữ Anh 8220201 ll u nf va an lu Chuyên ngành: oi m z at nh Người hướng dẫn: TS Võ Duy Đức z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I hereby declare that this thesis “A contrastive analysis of Interpersonal meaning in American and Vietnamese caricatures from multi-modal perspective” is my own work All references and extracts have been distinguished by quotation marks and all resources of information have been specifically acknowledged I further certify that I have not submitted this thesis at any other institution in order to obtain a degree lu an Binh Dinh, 2019 n va ie gh tn to p HUỲNH THỊ DIỄM NHƯ d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS With the great help of my supervisor and all the lecturers of the course, this thesis has been possible to complete on time First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Dr Võ Duy Đức for his patience, encouragement, and immense knowledge, and for valuable materials of a very new linguistic field and for the time he spent reading my drafts and for his precious comments Without lu an his great experience and support, this thesis could not be done He also va inspired me to choose the topic for my research n tn to My thanks particularly go to the lecturers who have been provided me I am also grateful for source of materials and helpful suggestions on p ie gh with important knowledge and foundation for this thesis nl w visual analysis in my thesis of Dr Peter R R White d oa Also, my sincere appreciation goes to the Head of Foreign Language an lu Department, Assoc Prof Dr Nguyễn Quang Ngoạn for giving me the best infrastructures and materials for following this course of M.A degree in va ll u nf English Linguistics as well as the most convenient time for doing this thesis oi m I am deeply grateful to my colleagues and close friends for sharing me study z at nh helpful materials, experiences and necessary sources of information about the z Last but not least, my great gratitude is devoted to my family, @ gm especially my mother They have helped me overcome a lot of difficulties m co l about the fee as well as the time in order to complete this thesis smoothly an Lu n va ac th si ASTRACT This study mainly investigates visual and verbal meanings in American and Vietnamese caricatures based on the frameworks of Visual Grammar by Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and Appraisal Theory by White and Martin (2005) Fifty American and Vietnamese caricatures were collected to explore prominent visual and attitudinal features in terms of visual and attitudinal meaning The findings indicate that in Interactive meaning, Offer Gaze lu an between the viewers and the participants is the dominant type, Long shot is va the most frequent choice, and Frontal angle and High angle are mostly used in n tn to American and Vietnamese caricatures Moreover, in exploration of Attitudinal ie gh meaning in caricatures, Appreciation was found to be used with the highest p percentage The caricaturists in both languages seem to express their feelings nl w and their evaluation about the people and the current society Besides the d oa similarities, some differences were observed in the two data sources One an lu difference between them is that Vietnamese caricaturists tend to use implicit assessments more than American ones Based on the results of data analysis, va ll u nf some implications and suggestions for further research were drawn out oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ASTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS LIST OF TABLES lu LIST OF FIGURES an va CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION n 1.1 Rationale gh tn to 1.2 Significance of the study p ie 1.3 Aims and objectives 1.3.1 Aims nl w 1.3.2 Objectives d oa 1.4 Research questions an lu 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Organization of the study va u nf CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ll 2.1 Caricatures m oi 2.2 Grammar of Visual Design z at nh 2.2.1 Representational meaning 2.2.2 Interactive meaning z gm @ 2.2.2.1 Contact 10 2.2.2.2 Social distance 11 l m co 2.2.2.3 Attitude 12 2.2.3 Compositional meaning 15 an Lu 2.3 Appraisal 16 n va ac th si 2.3.1 Attitude 17 2.3.1.1 Affect 18 2.3.1.2 Judgement 22 2.3.1.3 Appreciation 26 2.3.2 Engagement 29 2.3.3 Graduation 29 2.4 Previous studies 30 CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 34 3.1 Research methods 34 lu an 3.2 Data collection 35 n va 3.3 Data analysis 35 3.5 Validity and Reliability 37 gh tn to 3.4 Procedures 36 p ie CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 38 4.1 Findings of Interactive meaning 38 oa nl w 4.1.1 Contact 38 4.1.2 Social distance 40 d an lu 4.1.2.1 Social distance in American caricatures 41 va 4.1.2.2 Social distance in Vietnamese caricatures 43 ll u nf 4.1.2.3 A comparison of Social distance in American and oi m Vietnamese caricatures 45 z at nh 4.1.3 Attitude 46 4.1.3.1 Horizontal angle in American caricatures 47 z 4.1.3.2 Horizontal angle in Vietnamese caricatures 49 @ 4.1.3.3 A comparison of Horizontal angle in American and gm l Vietnamese caricatures 51 m co 4.1.3.4 Vertical angle in American caricatures 52 4.1.3.5 Vertical angle in Vietnamese caricatures 53 an Lu n va ac th si 4.1.3.6 A comparison of Vertical angle in American and Vietnamese caricatures 55 4.2 Findings of Attitudinal values 57 4.2.1 Attitudinal values in the American caricatures 57 4.2.1.1 Affect 58 4.2.1.2 Judgement 61 4.2.1.3 Appreciation 65 4.2.2 Attitudinal values in Vietnamese caricatures 68 4.2.2.1 Affect 69 lu an 4.2.2.2 Judgement 73 n va 4.2.2.3 Appreciation 76 tn to 4.2.3 A comparison of Attiudinal values in American and Vietnamese caricatures 79 gh p ie 4.3 Conclusion 81 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS 82 oa nl w 5.1 Conclusions 82 5.2 Implications 84 d an lu 5.3 Limitations of the study 85 va 5.4 Suggestions for further study 85 ll u nf REFERENCES 86 oi m APPENDIX xiii z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVENTIONS (a) Abbreciations lu an Authorial AC American caricatures Cap Capacity Comp Composition Dissat Dissatisfaction Hap Happiness Insec Insecurity Non-Auth Non-Authorial Nor Normality Prop Propriety n va Auth p ie gh tn to Reaction nl w React Satisfaction Systemic Functional Grammar va Systemic Functional Linguistics ll u nf SFL an SFG Security lu Sec d oa Sat Tenacity Unhapp Unhappiness Val Valuation VC Vietnamese caricatures Ver Veracity oi z at nh z m co l gm @ (b) Conventions m Ten AC (1-25): American caricatures numbered from to 25 (Details in an Lu Appendix A) n va ac th si VC (1-25): Vietnamese caricatures numbered from 1-25 (Details in Appendix A) - Boldface is used to mark the first use of technical terms - Italic words are used for examples, and emphasis - Underlined words are used to mark the use of what is being demonstrated - Plus (+) in examples are used to identify positive values - Minor (-) in examples are used to identify negative values lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxi lu an n va p ie gh tn to 17 d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ 18 an Lu n va ac th si xxii lu an 19 n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z 20 m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxiii lu an n va p ie gh tn to 21 d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ 22 an Lu n va ac th si xxiv 23 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu 24 oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxv lu 25 an n va Vietnamese caricatures p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxvi lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxvii lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxviii lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxix lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxx 10 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu 11 oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si xxxi lu an n va 12 p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu 14 va an lu 13 n va ac th si xxxii 15 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ 17 lu 16 an Lu n va ac th si xxxiii 18 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu 20 u nf va an lu 19 n va ac th si xxxiv 21 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu 23 an lu 22 n va ac th si xxxv lu an 24 n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w ll u nf va an lu 25 oi m z at nh z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si