(Luận văn) a contrastive study of conceptual metaphors in english and vietnamese family idioms

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING QUY NHON UNIVERSITY NGUYỄN MINH TÂM lu an n va gh tn to A CONTRASTIVE STUDY OF p ie CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS w IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE d oa nl FAMILY IDIOMS nf va an lu lm ul Field: English Linguistics z at nh oi Code: 8220201 z @ m co l gm Supervisor: Hà Thanh Hải, Ph.D an Lu n va ac th si BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUY NHƠN NGUYỄN MINH TÂM lu an va n NGHIÊN CỨU SO SÁNH ĐỐI CHIẾU VỀ PHÉP gh tn to ẨN DỤ Ý NIỆM TRONG THÀNH NGỮ VỀ GIA ĐÌNH p ie TRONG TIẾNG ANH VÀ TIẾNG VIỆT d oa nl w nf va an lu Chuyên ngành: Ngôn ngữ Anh lm ul Mã số: 8.22.02.01 z at nh oi z Người hướng dẫn: TS Hà Thanh Hải m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP I guarantee that the study entitled A Contrastive Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English and Vietnamese Family Idioms is my own work Additionally, I certify that this work has not been submitted, in whole or in part, for the award of any other degree or diploma, and it does not include any material that has been previously published or written by another person without appropriate acknowledgement Binh Dinh, 2021 lu an n va tn to p ie gh Nguyen Minh Tam d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This graduation thesis was completed not only through my own efforts, but also with the assistance of many organizations and individuals, to whom I would like to express my deepest gratitude First of all, I am sincerely grateful to my supervisor, Dr Hà Thanh Hải for the careful supervision, critical comments, and invaluable advice he provided for me to complete this thesis Without his endless patience and continuous support throughout the course of this study, the task would have lu an never been finished n va Secondly, I wish to pay my special regards to the lecturers of my tn to master’s degree for their insightful lectures and deep knowledge of gh linguistics In addition, I also want to send my warmest thanks to the p ie Department of Foreign Languages of Quy Nhon University for granting me w permission to pursue this project oa nl Last but not least, I wish to acknowledge the support and great love of d my family and friends, who have always believed in me and given me lu study nf va an strength to overcome all the difficulties I encountered while carrying out this z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iii ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the similarities and differences in the formation of conceptual metaphors in family idioms in English and Vietnamese Based on the theory of conceptual metaphors of Cognitive linguistics prosed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980, 2003), this study examined mappings from the source domain to the target domain on a compilation of 240 idioms in both languages To fulfill the research objectives, quantitative, qualitative, descriptive, and contrastive approaches are employed throughout lu an the research The findings show a small disproportion in how the two n va languages conceptualize the notion of family These conceptual metaphors are tn to primarily created on the basis of the source domains, which are the essential gh needs of daily life as well as on the embodied perception In addition, certain p ie types of metaphors are more prevalent in one language than another and vice w versa, which may be attributed to cultural and geographical variations This oa nl thesis is hoped to contribute to teaching and learning as well as translating d English and Vietnamese idioms based on understanding of conceptual nf va an lu metaphors z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si iv TABLE OF CONTENTS STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii ABSTRACT iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF FIGURES vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .1 lu an 1.1.Rationale va 1.2.Aim and Objectives n 1.2.1.Aim to gh tn 1.2.2 Objectives .4 1.3.Research Questions .4 ie p 1.4 Scope of the Study 1.5 Significance of the Study .5 w oa nl 1.5.1 Theoretical significance d 1.5.2 Practical significance .5 lu an 1.6 Organization of the Study nf va CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW lm ul 2.1 Theoretical background 2.1.1 Basic concepts of Conceptual metaphors z at nh oi 2.1.2 Classification of metaphor according to cognitive functions 15 2.1.3 Idioms 18 2.2 Previous studies 23 z gm @ 2.2.1 Metaphor studies in traditional view 23 2.2.2 Metaphor studies in cognitive view .25 l 2.2.3 Previous studies of idioms 30 co m 2.3 Summary 32 an Lu CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 34 3.1 Research Design 34 n va ac th si v 3.2 Research Methods 34 3.3 Data Collection 35 3.4 Data Analysis .36 CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 38 4.1 Conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese family idioms 38 4.1.1 FAMILY IS A HOUSE 38 4.1.2 FAMILY BONDS ARE FOOD 41 4.1.3 FAMILY IS A BODY 44 4.1.4 FAMILY MEMBER IS AN ANIMAL 48 4.1.5 FAMILY IS A CONTAINER 50 lu an 4.1.6 FAMILY IS A NEST 51 n va 4.1.7 FAMILY IS A TREE 53 tn to 4.1.8 FAMILY HAPPINESS IS WARMTH 54 4.1.9 FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IS A ROPE .55 p ie gh 4.1.10 FAMILY IS A BOAT 56 4.1.11 MARRIAGE IS THE WORK OF GOD 57 nl w 4.1.12 FAMILY IS A HOUSEHOLD ITEM 58 d oa 4.1.13 LOVE IS A GAME 60 lu 4.1.14 MARRIAGE IS A WAR 60 nf va an 4.1.15 MARRIAGE IS A JOURNEY 61 4.1.16 MARRIAGE IS A TRANSACTION .63 lm ul 4.1.17 LOVE IS POSSESSION 64 z at nh oi 4.2 Similarities and differences between conceptual metaphors in English and Vietnamese family idioms 65 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 70 z 5.1 Conclusions 70 @ gm 5.2 Implications 71 l 5.3 Limitations and Suggestions for Further Research .72 APPENDICES m co REFERENCES 74 an Lu n va ac th si vi LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 The Occurrence And Percentage Of Conceptual Metaphors Denoting Family In English And Vietnamese Idioms 65 lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 2.1 The mappings of conceptual metaphors THEORIES ARE BUILDING 13 Figure 2.2 The mappings of conceptual metaphor ECONOMY IS WAR 14 Figure 2.3 The mappings of conceptual metaphor LOVE IS A JOURNEY 15 Figure 4.1 The mappings of conceptual metaphor A FAMILY IS A lu HOUSE 38 an Figure 4.2 The mappings of conceptual metaphor FAMILY IS A BODY 45 n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale Metaphor has emerged from ancient times, in many fields, especially in poetry with great aesthetic values Metaphors can be found all around us in our everyday lives They improve the effectiveness of language, make it more beautiful, and can emphasize the implied meanings that speakers want to express This linguistic phenomenon, first put forward by Aristotle, has lu gained much attention from linguists According to Aristotle (as cited in Trần an n va Văn Cơ, 2009), the principal feature of metaphor is the name transference or tn to the comparison between two things Metaphor used to be seen as only a gh rhetorical device or a method of developing meaning to make language more p ie artistic However, the modern perspective on cognitive linguistics was first w proposed by Lakoff and Johnson in their groundbreaking study Metaphors We oa nl Live By (1980) This revolutionary work is such a crucial contribution to d cognitive linguistics, which paves the way for further studies in this linguistic lu nf va an field Through the view of cognitive linguistics, metaphor is considered as a means to conceptualize or cognize the world Metaphor can express as well as lm ul reflect human perception of abstract ideas or any thought about the world z at nh oi around us concretely through practical experiences by linguistic expressions This information transfer in perception is seen as a metaphorical mapping that enables the presentation of one object via the usage of the idea of another z gm @ item Being in the limelight for ages, metaphor shows an important role not l only in poetic language but also in thinking and action (Lakoff & Johnson, m co 2003) In daily life, metaphor is used so naturally and automatically that we an Lu cannot either recognize the employment of them or point out the meaning transference from different domains clearly Thus, there is a need to have n va ac th si AP.4 [60] Gà trống nuôi [61] Hổ phụ sinh hổ tử [62] Loan phụng hòa minh [63] Phượng chạ loan chung [64] Sẩy đàn tan nghé FAMILY IS A CONTAINER IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE lu an n va [65] Ân sâu nghĩa nặng [47] A skeleton in the cupboard [66] Cá chậu chim lồng [48] Born out of wedlock [67] Gạo đổ bốc chẳng đầy thưng [49] Dig in your heels [68] Giỏ quai [69] Một chĩnh đôi gáo gh tn to [46] A cupboard love [50] In the club ie [70] Nồi đồng lại úp vung đồng [52] Marry beneath your station [71] Nồi vung p [51] Have on the brain nl w d oa [72] Tháo cũi sổ lồng nf va an lu [73] Trong ấm êm FAMILY IS A NEST [53] A love nest [54] Cuckoo in the nest m co an Lu [59] Leave the nest ấm l [58] Fly the nest [76] Đàn ông xây nhà, đàn bà xây tổ gm [57] Fly the coop [75] Đàn ông cắm chà, đàn bà làm tổ @ [56] Empty nest syndrome [74] Chim có tổ người có tơng z [55] Empty nester IN VIETNAMESE z at nh oi lm ul IN ENGLISH n va ac th si AP.5 [60] The bird loves her nest [61] To rule the roost FAMILY IS A TREE IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE [62] Apple doesn’t fall far from the tree [77] Đơm hoa kết [78] Hoa lìa cành [79] Mỗi hoa nhà [63] Bear fruit cảnh [64] In full bloom lu [80] Nhân an va n HAPPY FAMILY IS WARMTH to IN VIETNAMESE gh tn IN ENGLISH [81] Ấm lửa đỏ đèn p ie [65] An old flame [82] Lửa đượm hương nồng [67] Hearth and home [83] Quạt nồng ấp lạnh nl w [66] Fan the flames oa [84] Tắt lửa lòng [68] Warm her heart d an lu nf va FAMILY RELATIONSHIP IS A ROPE [70] Close-knit [71] Cut loose from IN VIETNAMESE [85] Chồng chắp vợ nối z at nh oi [69] Ball and chain lm ul IN ENGLISH [86] Dây tơ hồng [87] Kết tóc trăm năm z [88] Kết tóc xe tơ [73] Get spliced [89] Lá thắm hồng [74] Go a bundle on sb [90] Lạt mềm buộc chặt [75] Keep a tight rein [91] Rổ rá cạp lại [76] Tie the knot [92] Xe duyên thắm m co l gm @ [72] Get hitched an Lu n va ac th si AP.6 [77] Tied to sb’s apron strings [78] Tug at heartstrings 10 FAMILY IS A BOAT IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE [93] Anh em cọc chèo [94] Một mái chèo xuôi, mái chèo ngược [95] Một thuyền lái lu an n va 11 MARRIAGE IS WORK OF GOD IN VIETNAMESE [96] Ông tơ bà nguyệt [79] A match in the heaven ie gh tn to IN ENGLISH p [80] In the seventh heaven oa nl w 12 FAMILY IS A HOUSEHOLD ITEM d lu IN VIETNAMESE an IN ENGLISH [97] Chăn ấm nệm êm [82] Born on the wrong side of the [98] Chăn đơn gối nf va [81] A bun in the oven [83] Keep the broken cook [84] Wedlock is padlock [99] Chăn loan gối phượng z at nh oi lm ul blanket [100] Chăn uyên gối ương [101] Chồng bát cịn có xơ z gm @ [102] Chung chăn chung gối l [103] Chung chiếu chung giường an Lu chiếu m co [104] Cùng ăn mâm, nằm n va ac th si AP.7 [105] Dao chém đằng dọng 13 LOVE IS A GAME IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE [85] Beat one’s game C [86] Marriage is a lottery lu an n va tn to 14 MARRIAGE IS A WAR IN VIETNAMESE ie gh IN ENGLISH [10 p [87] A shotgun wedding [106] Chém đằng lưỡi [107] Cốt nhục tương tàn [88] Go to war w nl [108] Đâm dao sau lưng oa [89] Half the battle d [90] Make peace lu nf va an [91] Stab in the back [92] Trouble and strife z at nh oi lm ul 15 MARRIAGE IS A JOURNEY IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE [109] Bước bước [94] Be on the way [110] Chuyến đò nên nghĩa [95] Burn the boat [111] Đi ngang tắt [96] Cross paths [112] Đường [97] Go to the end of the earth [113] Giữa đường đứt gánh z [93] At crossroads m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si AP.8 [98] Have come a long way [114] Lầm đường lạc lối [99] In the family way [115] Xuôi chèo mát mái [100] Love sb to death [101] Make way for [102] New arrival [103] Off the tracks [104] On the rocks [105] Runs in the family lu [106] Start a family an va n 16 MARRIAGE IS A TRANSACTION tn to IN ENGLISH IN VIETNAMESE ie gh [116] Bạc tình bạc nghĩa [108] Bear the brunt of [117] Đồng cân đồng lạng [107] At all cost p w [118] Trao thân gửi phận oa nl [109] Big deal d [110] In my debt lu nf va an [111] Have dealings with [112] Hold very dear [115] Pay court [116] Tax on marriage z at nh oi [114] On the shelf lm ul [113] On good terms z co l IN ENGLISH gm @ 17 LOVE IS POSSESSION IN VIETNAMESE m an Lu n va ac th si AP.9 [117] At one’s disposal [119] Gìn vàng giữ ngọc [118] Be my baby [120] Của chồng công vợ [119] Be born with a sliver spoon in her mouth [120] You and yours lu an n va p ie gh tn to d oa nl w nf va an lu z at nh oi lm ul z m co l gm @ an Lu n va ac th si AP.10 APPENDIX B List of Vietnamese family idioms and their translated versions No Vietnamese idioms Equivalent English Translated version idioms Ấm lửa đỏ đèn Stable, peaceful, cozy life Ăn hai lòng Ambidexter Ân sâu nghĩa nặng Great thanks to the person lu who wholeheartedly helped an n va People who are in-laws in Anh em cọc chèo marrying a sister, some gh tn to the same family, some p ie marrying a younger brother Anh em hạt máu sẻ The same flesh and đôi blood oa nl w Anh em thuận hòa Harmony brothers are d lu happy family Bạc tình bạc nghĩa Unfaithful in love Bước bước Cá chậu chim lồng time z at nh oi To be in captivity or jail Parents love their children z an Lu Like father like son m co Cha hưu mẹ vượn Like father like son l liu điu wholeheartedly gm Cha hổ mang đẻ @ 12 Cá chuối đắm đuối To marry again or a second lm ul 11 nf va 10 an nhà có phúc n va ac th si AP.11 Bad parents give birth to 13 Cha mẹ cú tiên 14 Chăn ấm nệm êm Happy couple Chán cơm thèm Infidelity in one’s phở relationship 15 good children The lonely scene of the 16 Chăn đơn gối couple who have to be apart lu an 17 n va Husband and wife live phượng happily together Chăn uyên gối Husband and wife live ương happily together Chém đằng Siblings behave badly with 19 p ie gh tn to 18 Chăn loan gối lưỡi w each other Love and share in difficult nl Chia cay sẻ đắng oa 20 d times Chim có tổ người có tơng Criticize those who quickly forget love m Under the same roof co an Lu chuồng have lineages l Chó nhà, gà Birds have nests, people gm quên thầy times @ Chim nhớ cây, tớ Love and share in difficult z 25 Chia sẻ bùi z at nh oi 24 Breaking the couple's love lm ul 23 phượng nf va 22 Chia loan rẽ an lu 21 n va ac th si AP.12 26 27 Chồng bát có Drove a wedge xơ between them Unfaithful husband and Chồng chả vợ nem wife Husband and wife are not 28 Chồng chắp vợ nối allowed to get married properly 29 lu an va 30 n tn to Beautiful couple, live phượng happily together Chung chăn chung Husband and wife live gối happily together Chung chiếu chung Husband and wife live giường happily together p ie gh 31 Chồng loan vợ Chuyến đò nên Met a couple of times but nghĩa fell in love with each other oa nl w 32 Có cam phụ quýt 34 Có lê quên lựu 35 Có nếp có tẻ 36 Có oản phụ xôi Unfaithful person nf va an chả Cơm lành, canh Marital discord Husband and wife live z happily together gm @ Unfaithful person z at nh oi Cơm chả lành, canh To have a boy and a girl lm ul 38 lu 37 Unfaithful person d 33 Cơm nặng áo dày parents in taking care and m co 39 l The great gratitude of an Lu teaching n va ac th si AP.13 40 41 42 Wives should yield to their Cơm sôi bớt lửa, husbands to ensure family chồng giận bớt lời Con cha, nhà Con ngựa đau tàu khơng ăn cỏ happiness Under the same roof When the blood sheds, the heart aches lu Con nhà tông an va 43 không giống lông Like father like son n giống cánh Con tơng gà nịi Like father like son gh tn to 44 Siblings’ discord in the ie Cốt nhục tương tàn p 45 w house Của chồng công vợ important role in the d 46 oa nl The wife plays a very Cửa nát nhà xiêu Broken home Cùng ăn mâm, lm ul nf va nằm chiếu Husband and wife live z at nh oi 48 an lu 47 success of the husband happily together The same flesh and Cùng giọt máu đào 50 Đâm dao sau lưng Stab in the back Đàn ông cắm chà, Men make houses, đàn bà làm tổ women make home blood m co l gm @ 51 z 49 an Lu n va ac th si AP.14 52 53 Đàn ông nhà, đàn Men make houses, bà cửa women make home Đàn ông xây nhà, Men make houses, đàn bà xây tổ ấm women make home Blood brothers, no matter 54 Dao chém đằng how much they hate each Bad blood dọng other, they don't want to harm each other lu an Đắp xây móng Set up a family 56 Dây tơ hồng Marriage ties 57 Đi ngang tắt To have extramarital n va 55 gh tn to relations ie When the blood p sheds, the heart 58 Đói bụng chồng w đau lòng vợ oa nl aches Đời cha ăn mặn, Children have to suffer for đời khát nước their parents’ sins d Đói lịng héo hon cha mẹ Đơm hoa kết 62 Đồng cân đồng lạng sheds, the heart aches z at nh oi 61 When the blood lm ul 60 nf va an lu 59 Have children Matching couple z A fish rots from the xuống head 64 Đường Broken home 65 Gà chuồng đá Bad blood m co l gm @ Dột từ dột 63 an Lu Siblings quarrel with each n va ac th si AP.15 lẫn other The same flesh and 66 Gà mẹ 67 Gà trống nuôi 68 blood the old feelings after đầy thưng serious disagreement 70 Giỏ quai lu Gìn vàng giữ ngọc an n va gh tn to Giữa đường đứt A good wife is a good prize Like father like son Broken home gánh Hạt máu rơi Unacknowledged child p ie 72 It is impossible to regain Gạo đổ bốc chẳng 69 71 Widowers 74 Hết lòng hết 75 Hổ phụ sinh hổ tử 76 Hoa lìa cành 77 Kết tóc trăm năm 78 Kết tóc xe tơ Tie the knot w Hạt máu sẻ đôi lm ul The same flesh and 73 oa nl blood d Heart and soul nf va an lu Like father like son The daughter got married, away from her parents z at nh oi Form a lasting marriage People who don’t share the z Khác máu lòng same blood often treat each gm @ 79 l other badly Lá thắm hồng Matrimonial ties 81 Lầm đường lạc lối To be misguided or misled m co 80 an Lu n va ac th si AP.16 82 83 84 85 lu 86 The skillful behavior of Lạt mềm buộc chặt husband and wife Loan phụng hòa Husband and wife live minh happily together Lòng son sắt Faithfulness Lửa đượm hương Intense love of husband nồng and wife When the blood Máu thấm thịt sheds, the heart an va aches n When the blood Máu chảy ruột mềm sheds, the heart gh tn to 87 p ie aches Máu mủ ruột già oa nl w 88 The same flesh and đến thịt blood an lu Mỗi hoa There is black sheep nhà cảnh in every flock nf va 90 blood Mẹ con, lần da d 89 The same flesh and lm ul 91 Môi hở lạnh z at nh oi When the blood sheds, the heart aches Một lòng Body and sould an Lu than water m ao nước lã co Blood is thicker l Một giọt máu đào Unfaithful person gm 94 Một chĩnh đôi gáo @ 93 z 92 n va ac th si AP.17 Một mái chèo xuôi 95 Conflict between husband mái chèo and wife ngược 96 97 Một thuyền lái Ngậm đắng nuốt Monogamous family Bite the bullet cay 98 Nhà tan cửa nát Broken home 99 Nhân Like father like son lu Help and share with each an 100 Nhường cơm sẻ áo n va Nồi đồng lại úp Every Jack has his vung đồng Jill ie gh tn to 101 other when in need p 102 Nồi vung w Jill Matchmaker oa nl 103 Ông tơ bà nguyệt Every Jack has his Phượng chạ loan Husband and wife live d happily together nf va an chung lu 104 Intense love of husband 105 Quạt nồng ấp lạnh lm ul and wife 106 Răng cắn phải lưỡi z at nh oi When the blood sheds, the heart aches z Broken home gm @ 107 Rẽ cửa chia nhà and a woman in which one m co 108 Rổ rá cạp lại l A marriage between a man an Lu or both of them have been n va ac th si AP.18 married once 109 Sẩy đàn tan nghé Lost the herd 110 Sum họp nhà Under the same roof A mother must endure 111 Sượng mẹ bở hardship in order to make her child happy Disappointed, no longer 112 Tắt lửa lòng love the other lu When the blood an va 113 Tay đứt ruột xót sheds, the heart n aches To open the flood-gates gh tn to 114 Tháo cũi sổ lồng ie Intimate relationship p 115 Trao thân gửi phận w between husband and wife 116 Trong ấm êm oa nl Peace at home and aboard d First wife and her eldest lu 117 Vợ cột nf va an son Contract marriage with 118 Xe duyên thắm lm ul somebody and wife Xương bỏ da bọc The same flesh and blood m co l gm @ lấy z 120 The harmony of husband z at nh oi 119 Xuôi chèo mát mái an Lu n va ac th si