Khóa luận tốt nghiệp a study of english idioms relating to love with reference to the vietnamese equivalent (khóa luận tốt nghiệp)

VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES BA THESIS A STUDY OF ENGLISH IDIOMS RELATING TO “LOVE” WITH REFERENCE TO THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENT NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH CÓ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN TỪ “LOVE’’ CÓ THAM CHIẾU ĐẾN NGHĨA TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TIẾNG VIỆT Student : Pham Thi Quynh Student code : 621200 Major : English linguistic Supervisor : M.A Ha Thi Lan Hanoi – 2021 VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND FOREIGN LANGUAGES BA THESIS A STUDY OF ENGLISH IDIOMS RELATING TO “LOVE” WITH REFERENCE TO THE VIETNAMESE EQUIVALENT NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÁC THÀNH NGỮ TIẾNG ANH CÓ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN TỪ “LOVE’’ CÓ THAM CHIẾU ĐẾN NGHĨA TƯƠNG ĐƯƠNG TIẾNG VIỆT Student : Pham Thi Quynh Student code : 621200 Major : English linguistic Supervisor : M.A Ha Thi Lan Hanoi – 2021 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY “I therefore declare that this accommodation is my own work and to the most awesome aspect my insight it contains no materials recently distributed or composed by someone else, or generous extents of material which have been acknowledged for the honor of some other degree or certificate at VNUA or some other instructive foundation, aside from where due affirmation is made in the postulation Any commitment made to the examination by others, with whom I have worked at VNUA or somewhere else, is unequivocally recognized in the proposition I likewise announce that the scholarly substance of this proposition is the result of my own work, but to the degree that help from others in the venture's plan and origination or in style, introduction and phonetic articulation is recognized” Hanoi, 2021 Pham Thi Quynh Approved by SUPERVISOR (Signature and full name) Date:…………………… i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ABSTRACT iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS v Part 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the study 1.2.Aims and objectives of the study .3 1.3 Research questions (in form of questions) 1.4 Scope of the study 1.5 Significance of the study 1.6 Design of the study Part 2: DEVELOPMENT Chapter 1: LITERATURE REVIEW 1.1 Review of the previous studies (At home & abroad) 1.1.1 Related research 1.1.2 Related research 1.2 Review of theoretical background 1.2.1 Statement of theoretical framework chosen 1.2.2 Theoretical background 1.3 Overview of idioms .11 1.3.1 Definition of Idioms 11 1.3.2 Principal Features of Idioms 14 1.3.3 Classification of Idioms .15 1.3.4 An overview of phrases, clause and sentence structures 20 1.3.5 An overview of parallel structures and comparative structures 25 1.3.6 Definition of Idioms Related to Love 26 1.4 Summary 29 ii Chapter 2: METHODOLOGY 29 2.1 Research governing principles 29 2.1.1 Research questions .29 2.1.2 Research hypothesis 29 2.1.3 Research types 29 2.1.4 Research approaches 30 2.1.5 Principles for data collection and data analysis 30 2.2 Research methods 32 2.3 Summary .33 Chapter 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 34 3.1 Similarities and dissimilarities between English and Vietnamese idioms denoting ‘love’ in term of syntactic features 34 3.1.1 Phrase Structures 34 3.1.2 Clause Structures (10) 36 3.1.3 Parallel Structures (8) 37 3.1.4 Comparative structures (8) 37 3.1.5 Similarities 38 3.1.6 Dissimilarities 38 3.2 Similarities and dissimilarities between English and Vietnamese idioms denoting ‘love’ in term of semantic features 39 3.2.1 Similarities 42 3.2.2 Dissimilarities 42 3.3 Summary 43 Part 3: CONCLUSIONS 44 Recapitulation 44 Concluding remarks (conclusions) on each of the thesis objectives .44 Limitation of the current research 45 Recommendations/Implications/Suggestions for further study .45 REFERENCES 47 iii ABSTRACT To become proficient at English, one of the significant and fundamental strides for learners is unmistakably to know how to use English idioms just as native speakers In a simple way, it is helpful and positive for learners to use concise style of language to communicate significant speculation like human emotions, customary statements and idioms, explicit settings, etc In both of Western and Eastern writing, "Love" is probably the most ideal emotion for using idioms to define The reasons for this study are to look at in which techniques and conditions to express the feeling “love” as well as to make some evaluations and comparisons between Vietnamese and English idioms To carry out the reasons above, sources and data are carefully accumulated and chosen through looking through a changed of studies and researcher diaries about expressions, both in English and Vietnamese Subsequent to examining and assessing for more clear perspectives on the proposition's viewpoints, the outcome will prove that the two similitudes and dissimilarities between English idioms and Vietnamese ones as far as syntactic and semantic features iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Adj.P : Adjective phrase Adj : Adjective Adv : Adverb Art : Article Conj : Conjunction E.g : For example IRL : Idioms relating love N : Noun NP : Noun phrase Num : Numeral O : Object P : Preposition PP : Preposition phrase S : Subject V : Verb VP : Verb phrase v Part 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Rationale for the study English is the official language of 53 countries and spoken by around 400 million people across the globe And yet, English is also used in global diplomacy, the official language of the European Union, the United Nations, NATO, the European Free Trade Association and many other organizations and national unions It is estimated that about 1.5 billion people are speaking English globally, and about one billion others are in the process of learning it This is the reason why studying English has more benefits than any other languages (According to ETS Global) Furthermore, English is very popular in all over the world including Vietnam Learning English become popular and having a certificate of famous tests such as TOEIC and IELTS is one of the need for student’s graduation and people who want to apply a better job Regardless of the way that it is important to learn English, countless Vietnamese learners regularly fail to master it, because of many issues and problems One of the challenges is being familiar with idioms and being able to use them correctly in certain situations Therefore, in this study I will a research about idioms in English relating to “love” with reference to Vietnamese equivalences to help people who learn English in Vietnam can use English flexibly As I mentioned above, English has become a common language all over the world However, to achieve effective communication, it is required that Vietnamese and foreign students are not only proficient in the English language, but also know how to "say a little but make more sense" Therefore, the problem of idioms in English is always an important issue in both theory and practice because idioms are always difficult but inspirational for creativity associated with different functions and meanings When we talk about language, we cannot underestimate the importance of idioms Along with the development of language of human society, idioms have gradually been formed over the years Idioms are sentences that are not intended to be understood in the ordinary sense, and the meaning of an idiom is often a sentence that carries the art of metaphor in the entire sentence Because of its bold expression, the idiom is easy to express, expressing the thoughts and feelings of the speaker and writer towards the mentioned thing In fact, idioms are also considered as a cultural language unit because it is very close to our lives It is widely used in everyday speech and in literature Through that, learners not only understand the syntax and semantics of words, but also know more about the culture and customs of that country It can be said that idioms are an important part of the vocabulary system Every nation in the world has their own idioms The more developed language will inevitably bring about the appearance of new idioms, they appear along with the changes of social life and most authentically reflect new features and changes in social life of human As we all know, those whose native language is not English, face difficulty in understanding and using idioms, especially those related to “love” because of love idioms between English and Vietnamese is very different Love is the most noble and beautiful affection in the human heart It is the most beautiful expression for the relationship between people in life Love itself is a source of strength to initiate, form and preserve true values in human life Life will be bland and meaningless if living without love For this reason, I choose the topic “A sudy of English idioms relating to “love” with refernece to the Vietnamese equivalent” as the research topic for the graduation thesis Thereby, I hope that I can partly help language learners understand and use idioms in general and idioms related to “love” in particular effectively 1.2 Aims and objectives of the study  Aims: The study is executed with the aim to look into the syntactic, semantic, attributes of English idioms relating to love in comparison with reference to the Vietnamese equivalences It also points out the differences and similarities between English idioms relating to love and Vietnamese ones As a result, the study could be used for English learners in learning, teaching and translating as well as in other to motivate, encourage and submit certain solutions which could assist English learners to apply and use both English and Vietnamese idioms correctly  Objectives: - To analyze, explain, and find out the similarities and dissimilarities in expressions of love between couples expressed in English and Vietnamese idioms At the same time, determine the factors that make up that similarities and dissimilarities - To identify and describe syntactic, and semantic features of English and Vietnamese idioms relating to “love” - To motivate, encourage and submit certain solutions which could assist English learners to apply and use both English and Vietnamese idioms correctly 1.3 Research questions (in form of questions) The study attempts to answer the following questions: - What are syntactic and semantic features of English and Vietnamese idioms relating “love”? - What are similarities and differences between English and Vietnamese idioms relating to “love” in terms of syntax and semantics? 1.4 Scope of the study This study was restricted to English and Vietnamese idioms relating to “love” The thesis focuses mainly on selecting and analyzing the idioms in both Chapter 3: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 Similarities and dissimilarities between English and Vietnamese idioms denoting ‘love’ in term of syntactic features 3.1.1 Phrase Structures  Noun Phrases English IRL are somewhat referable to the Vietnamese ones - The common models of English IRL incorporate:(Art) + N + N, (Art) + Adj + N, (Art) + N + PP - The Vietnamese ones contain: N + N / N + N, N + V / N + V, N + Adj / N + Adj, N / NP + N / NP, N/ NP + V, (Num) + N / (Num) + N a In English (13) (Art) + N + N: The apple of someone’s eye, Dark Horse, Puppy Love, A love nest, Cupboard Love, A love rat, No pains no gains, eye candy (Art) + Adj + N: A hot potato, a double date (Art) + N + PP: A penny for your thoughts, Head over heels, Affinity for sth b In Vietnamese (8) N + N / N + N: Cành vàng ngọc, đất khách quê người N + V / N + V: Ai biết ngứa đâu mà gãi N + Adj / N + Adj: Đêm ngắn tình dài, mai trúc mã N / NP + N / NP: Chồng chung vợ chạ N / NP + V: Châu Hợp Phố (Num) + N / (Num) + N: Chín nhớ mười thương  Verb Phrases ( 20 ) About the verb phrases, it is impressive that there is a number amount of models both in English and Vietnamese IRL English IRL generally follows these models: V + N / NP, V + N / NP + P / PP, V + PP, V + Adv, V + Adv + PP Vietnamese IRL mostly follows two models: V + N / NP and V + N / V + N 34 a In English (11) V + N / NP: Catch someone’s eye, fancy someone, have a crush on someone, make someone’s day V + N / NP + P / PP: Have eyes only for someone, have the hot for someone V + PP: Be loved-up, split up, settle down V + Adv: Pay dearly V + Adv + PP: Let someone down gently b In Vietnamese (9) V + N / NP: Ăn hai lòng, dốc bầu tâm V + N / V + N: Ăn cháo đá bát, chọn mặt gửi vàng, chung chăn chung gối, có nới cũ, yêu yêu đường đi, trộm thương thầm nhớ, yêu hoa nên phải vin cành  Adjective Phrases (14) The general models in the Adjective Phrases of Vietnamese IRL are Adj + VP and Adj + N / Adj + N In similar manners, English IRL carrying Adjective Phrases mostly appear in three models: Adj + N, Adj + V and Adj + PP 44 a In English (9) Adj + N: Tough love, Blind date, Perfect couple, True love Adj + PP: Crazy about, New one in old one out, Sweet on someone Adj + V: Easy come easy go, Easier said than done b In Vietnamese (5) Adj + VP: dễ đến dễ đi, dễ dễ Adj + N / Adj + N: Bạc vôi, đồng sàng dị mộng, đen bạc đỏ tình  Prepositional Phrases (8) The prepositional Phrases often appear in English IRL in three patterns: P + N / NP + (N / NP), P + N + PP, P + Adj + N On the contrary, Vietnam IRL only present in one models: P + N / NP 35 a In English (6) P + N / NP: Out of sight out of mind, In the end things will mend, With all my heart, Over the moon P + N + PP: Close to someone’s heart, In one’s heart of hearts b In Vietnamese (2) P + N / NP: Trước sau một, chung chăn chung gối  Adverb Phrases (12) The basic models in the verb phrase structure are: Adv + Adj, Adv + V / VP, Adv + N / NP which are found in the verb phrase structure of Vietnamese IRL However, English ones only present two model: Adv + N / NP, Adv + V / VP a In English (6) Adv + N / NP: Here we go, There we go, Still water running deep Adv + V / VP: Here to stay, Here goes nothing, Here we go again b In Vietnamese (6) Adv + Adj: Càng mong lại lâu, Nhà mát Adv + V / VP: đầy gặp vơi, chọn nơi chơi chọn bạn Adv + N / NP: Đồng vợ đồng chồng, lâu ngày dày kén 3.1.2 Clause Structures (10) In terms of clause structures, English IRL mainly present in two typical patterns which are: S + V + O, S + V / V + O Otherwise, Vietnamese IRL only appear in a basic structure: S + V + O a In English (7) S + V + O: A match made in heaven, A fair face may hide a foul heart, Appearances are deceptive, Love cannot be forced, Love is blind, Misery loves company S + V / V + O: It is an ill turn that does no good to anyone 36 b In Vietnamese (3) S + V + O: chăn biết chăn có rận, ơng ăn chả bà ăn nem, chồng cú mà lấy vợ tiên 3.1.3 Parallel Structures (8) Being favorite and utilized idioms in Vietnamese and English are idioms applied the parallel structure The most outstanding character of this structure is the correspondence among components and words that establish idioms By utilizing this sort of pattern, Vietnamese idioms relating to love and English ones can exploit interfacing words just as harmonies of each word in the sentence to enhance the expression There are some examples for this type of structures in Vietnamese: đồng vợ đồng chồng, nồi vung nấy, mai trúc mã, Gái tham tài, trai tham sắc as well as in English: head over heel, feel like a million dollars, grin like a Chesire cat, and laugh like rain 3.1.4 Comparative structures (8) The structures of comparison idioms related to love have the following patterns “A + like / more / less / as + B” in English “As cheerful as the birds” is the popular illustration for this kind of structures referring IRL in English In similar ways with the parallel structures, the comparative structure is much applied on idioms due to its suitable advantage with Vietnamese The general patterns of this type of structure are có A + + B or A + + B + + O For examples, Trai có vợ rợ buộc chân, Gái có chồng ngựa có cương, Gái khơng chồng thuyền khơng lái, Nhớ nhớ người yêu are amplified with the figurative meaning by using this structure In addition, there are some idioms which not follow the structure above are still considered using the comparative structure such as Nồi đồng dễ nấu, chồng xấu dễ sai ; sơng có khúc, người có lúc 37 3.1.5 Similarities This part of the study carries out an overview of English Idioms relating to love and Vietnamese ones in terms of syntactic features We find that both English and Vietnamese own a system of idioms in certain grammatical groups, called noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, prepositional phrases and clauses There are two similar terms of syntactic features that both Vietnamese and English apply on their idioms which relate to love : First is both languages mostly use verb phrases and noun phrases with two structures (Art) + N + N in noun phrases and V + N / NP in verb phrase for their idioms Second is English and Vietnamese both like to perform parallel structure to achieve better efficiencies for their idioms Other syntactic similarities such as grammatical structures and grammatical operations are quite unimportant to point out 3.1.6 Dissimilarities Among the samples investigated, there is variety of phrasal patterns in English idioms On the contrary, Vietnamese idioms have a fewer The parallel construction is much more numerous in Vietnamese IRL than English IRL With the aims of creating rhythm, Vietnamese idioms related to love used some of the ways to form idioms such as repeated theme, intermittent repeated rhythm and alliteration In verb phrasal type, the structures of IRL in English are more than in Vietnamese In the forms of noun phrases, IRL include types of constructions whereas Vietnamese ones have constructions.Therefore, it is more suitable for English IRL to contain Adjective phrases and prepositional phrases because of their supportively grammatical features On the contrary, the comparative structures and parallel structures are more popular in Vietnamese IRL than English one because of its unique and interesting volcabularies 38 3.2 Similarities and dissimilarities between English and Vietnamese idioms denoting ‘love’ in term of semantic features One vital features of an idiom is that its meaning cannot be hauled out from its constituents’ implications, which has been profoundly mentioned and clarified on Chapter of this study Thus, it is hard and troublesome in the semantic of the issues for English users, particularly learners who are not local speakers and new to this well-known language, to understand and be able to experientially use idioms for communications and other purposes The difficulties are relied upon the level of the semantic features of idioms To profoundly comprehend this viewpoint, the examination and conversation semantic highlights of IRL in English and Vietnamese will be proceeded as the following categories: Passion, Harmony, Promise, Failure, Foolishness, Forgiveness, Happy, Truthfulness, Deception, and Parting Passion (3) a In English The first time she saw him it was love at first sight and she knew that she wanted to marry him (Cô yêu từ nhìn biết muốn làm vợ anh ấy.) You really blow my mind (Em thổi bay tâm trí tơi vậy) b In Vietnamese Tiếng sáo Thưởng thổi khơng phải nói, vùng đóng qn nghe say điếu đổ Harmony (2) a In English: The lovers walked along the river bank, hand in hand (Những đôi tình nhân nắm tay dạo sơng) 39 b In Vietnamese: Hai người tâm đầu ý hợp túp lều tranh tổ ấm.Ngược lại, dù sống có biệt thự mặt trời mặt trăng Promise (4) a In English: Please believe me! I swear that I have eyes only for you (Xin em tin anh, anh thề mắt anh có em mà thơi) b In Vietnamese: Tôi nghe Chung đãthề non hẹn biển với Nghi Anh đâu có thương em, anh tồn hứa nhăng hứa cuội mà thơi Chúng tơi thề sống chết có Failure (3) a In English Sue says her heart has broken too many time and she won’t let herself fall in love again (Trái tim cô tan vỡ nhiều lần cô thề không rơi vào lưới tình lần nữa.) b In Vietnamese Trăm ngàn gửi lạy tình quân Tơ duyên ngắn ngủi ngần [Ng.Du,T.Kiều] Foolishness (3) a In English My son and his girlfriend have decided to get maried in the spring I don’t think that wise, since they won’t have enough money saved by then to set up house But then, one cannot love and be wise (Con trai người yêu định cưới vào mùa xn Tơi nghĩ điều thật ngớ ngẩn chúng khơng có tiền tiết kiệm để sống chung với Đúng người ta yêu người ta đâu có suy tính.) 40 b In Vietnamese Úi dà! Khôn ba năm dại Con gái hơ hớ ngàyđi đêm kè kè bên cạnh người ta Lửa gần rơm lâu ngày phải bén Forgiveness (3) a In English They separated after the argument but soon got back together and make up (Chúng chia tay sau cãi vả quay tha thứ cho nhau.) b In Vietnamese Hình sau thử thách, mát chị nhận giá trị đích thực tình u Chị thấm thía hết Hạnh phúc gương vỡ lại lành… Happy (3) a In English It does my heart good to hear that you’re coming home (em cảm thấy vui nghe tin anh trở nhà) You make my heart leaps (em làm tim anh loạn nhịp) Whenever I am with you, I am all smiles (Anh vui vẻ bên em) b In Vietnamese Em vui mà mặt tươi hoa kia? Truthfulness (3) a In English He is head over heels in love with his wife (anh ta tồn tâm tồn ý với vợ mình) Don’t believe in what others said, you are the one and only (đừng tin vào người khác nói, anh có em thơi) b In Vietnamese Em xin nguyện lòng với anh 41 Deception (4) a In English Who are you with behind my back (anh qua lại với phía sau lưng tôi?) Go away, love-rat (hãy khỏi đồ phản bội) b In Vietnamese Anh đồ bắt cá hai tay Tại anh lại lừa dối hả,đồ Sở Khanh? Parting (2) a In English I heard people said that out of sight out of mind, please come back to me soon (em nghe người ta nói xa mặt cách lòng, quay với em sớm anh nhé) b In Vietnamese Tôi chán cảnh đầu sông cuối sông 3.2.1 Similarities In general, idioms are stably organized They are solidarities which can't be isolated into smaller parts semantically What is more, both English and Vietnamese idioms related to love are utilized for similar semantic fields about love as the Passion, Harmony, Promise, Failure, Foolishness, Forgiveness, Happy, Truthfulness, Deception, and Parting It shows that love is not only all about happiness but also about sadness English IRL and Vietnamese ones cover most colors of love, which similarly contribute to the plentiful emotions of each culture with idiomatic expressions 3.2.2 Dissimilarities Following the cultural features of idioms, there are such very contrasts between English IRL and Vietnamese ones in terms of semantic features Beginning with, the dissimilarities between Eastern culture and Western culture 42 likewise make the divergences among English and Vietnamese in a large portion of their culture factors like traditions, social life and language as well as idioms The idioms related to love of English are somewhat immediate and in subtleties as the Western culture, which are more normal and simpler to use than Vietnamese ones Second, Vietnamese IRL for the most part give advices while English ones focus on expressing feelings It is on the grounds that the practice of Vietnamese is to give and follow advices of the old Last, the sex segregation additionally shows up on Vietnamese IRL As an agricultural country, Vietnamese culture influences severely on lady with exacting rules and obligations Accordingly, idioms relating to love, which reflect the way of life of the related nation, focus on women side with most of bad influences English IRL don't have similar misstep as Vietnamese ones because of the characteristics of Western modern countries 3.3 Summary On the whole, this chapter perform similarities and dissimilarities between English and Vietnamese idioms denoting ‘love’ in term of syntactic and semantic features 43 Part 3: CONCLUSIONS Recapitulation To sum up, this study intends to examine and deeply discuss about in fundamental perspectives about the syntactic and semantic features of English idioms relating to love with reference to the Vietnamese equivalences, just as point out the similarities and dissimilarities between them in terms of semantic and syntactic features This thesis clearly consists of three parts: First, in Part one, the rationale, aims and objectives, research questions, scope and significance, as well as the design of the study are carefully listed to introduce a general view of the study Second, Part two includes three chapters, Chapter one presents, analyzes and furthermore states point of views of perspectives about theories and documents which allude to the topic of the study to shape a firm establishment for the following chapters A number of related theories, concepts, and definitions is precisely carried out with logical evaluations for the context of the study Chapter two in this part mentions about the methodology of the research which principle features such as research methods, setting/context procedures and, last but not least, is data analysis Chapter three is the most important and indispensable of the study, it introduces, classifies, discusses and evaluate the syntactic and semantic features of English idioms relating to love with reference to Vietnamese equivalent as well as observe and consider the similarities and dissimilarities of both languages in terms of syntactic and semantic features At the end, in Part three, the summary of the whole study is generally presented The implications, as well as limitations and suggestions for the further study are also kindly suggested to learners and teachers who examine this study Concluding remarks (conclusions) on each of the thesis objectives This thesis involves the study of the syntactic and semantic features in order to find out the similarities and difference of English IRL and Vietnamese 44 IRL After investigating this, I come to the following conclusions Syntactically, analyzed idioms are in phrasal structures and clause structures The phrasal structures are categorized into noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, and prepositional phrases In which, the verb phrases idioms are the most popular in English Additionally, the clause pattern used in English and Vietnamese are not similar They have only two common: First is both languages mostly use verb phrases and noun phrases with two structures (Art) + N + N in noun phrases and V + N / NP in verb phrase for their idioms Second is English and Vietnamese both like to perform parallel structure to achieve better efficiencies for their idioms And the semantic fields of love is divided into Passion, Harmony, Promise, Failure, Foolishness, Forgiveness, Happy, Truthfulness, Deception, and Parting Limitation of the current research There are two limitations in this research as I can see: Firstly, only 180 samples in the two languages are collected because of the shortage of time and the reference materials And the second ones is most of samples are from dictionaries, only a small part of the sample from novels, stories and magazines Recommendations/Implications/Suggestions for further study Eric Zorn (born January 6, 1958) stated that “You can’t buy time and save it, common idioms notwithstanding You can only spend it.” In fact, idioms make language more interesting and vibrant It not only reflects human experience and bases on occurring situations but also demonstrates human behavior, habits or tradition in a country Therefore, a good knowledge of idioms can help learners to increase the efficiency in learning and using idioms As for learning, students should be offered the context to enhance interpretation of idioms Learning English IRL in meaningful contexts is more effective than learning isolated in terms through memorization and drilling Besides, learners should employ knowledge about history, culture and customs…related to the 45 idioms in the process of dealing with English IRL In other words, learners should realize the usefulness and necessity of learning and applying idioms and English IRL because using English IRL appropriately in communication inspires confident for language users As for teaching, teachers should provide helpful information stimulated interest of students to learn voluntarily and effectively when they discover the beauty and the attraction covered in the language they are approaching Teachers should select the English IRL that are frequently encountered in target language and the ones that not own too many special problems with vocabulary and grammar Idioms should be taught in contexts, not in isolation and authentic materials should be used to teach idioms Teachers can simply go over a list of English idioms and their definitions or explanations Besides, teachers should present idioms along with examples in contexts As for translating, to have a good translational equivalent of IRL, English learners should be aware of cultural elements that have a great influence on idioms in general and IRL in particular Moreover, when translating the learners should know about major methods such as semantic translation method, communicative translation method and use different techniques like using a similar idiom or using a similar idiom but different form, or using no idiomatic phrases, or using omission and so on Some suggestions for further study are: - An Investigation into Pragmatic Aspects of English and Vietnamese Idioms Related to Love and Marriage - An Investigation into the Culture Features of Idioms related to Love and Marriage (English versus Vietnamese) 46 REFERENCES Arnauld, Antoine (1660), Grammaire générale P 22 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