GA ôn thi lop 10 môn tiếng anh

Use: - Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đang đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: still, now, at present, at the moment, at this time, today, tinight, this wee

Date of prepration: 11 /5/2013Buổi 1: Tenses

A GRAMMAR:

I Present simple tense

1 Cách thành lập:

a Khẳng định:

EX: I always go to school early

He stays up late every night

She does her homework every day

S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + V INFINITIVE (Động từ nguyên mẫu)

S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + V S/ES (Động từ thêm”S” hoặc “ES” )

Lưu ý:

+ Đối với động từ tận cùng bằng các chữ: O, X, S, SH, CH ta phải thêm”ES”

do  does ; fixfixes ; missmisses ; washwashes ; watchwatches …

EX: My mother washes the clothes every day

He often goes to work by car

+ Đối với động từ tận cùng bằng chữ “Y” mà trước nó là một hoặc 2 phụ âm, ta

phải đổi chữ “Y”thành chữ”I” rồi thêm”ES”

study  studies ; carry carries; worry; worries ; marry  marries ; cry

cries…

EX: This baby often cries when his mother is out

Lan sometimes worries about her tests

+ Đối với những động từ còn lại chỉ thêm “S” mà thôi

play  plays, make  makes; clean cleans….

EX: Nam ussually plays soccer in the afternoon

This boy drinks milk every day

b Phủ định:

EX: I don ’ t drink coffee.

He doesn’ t like films

S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + don ’ t + V INFINITIVE (đt nguyên mẫu)

S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + doesn ’ t + V INFINITIVE

c Nghi vấn:

EX: Do you go to school by car?

Does she like music ?

Do + S (I,We, You, They, danh từ số nhiều) + V INFINITIVE ? (đt nguyên mẫu) Does + S (He,She,It, danh từ số ít) + V INFINITIVE ?

EX: Do you know this student?

Does she like music?

2 Cách sử dụng:

+ Dùng để diễn đạt một hành động sự việc thường hay xãy ra (lặp đi lặp lại nhiềulần) hay một thói quen ở hiện tại (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ chỉ sự thường

xuyên như: always, frequently, constantly, usually, often, sometimes, seldom,

rarely, never, every…

EX: We eat rice every day.

He oftens get up early

+ Diễn đạt một sự thật hiển nhiên, một chân lý

EX The Moon goes around the Earth

Fish lives in the water

II Present progresive tense

a Khẳng định:

EX: I am writing a letter now

He is sleeping at present

They are playing in the school-yard at this time

Form: S + am / is /are + V ing

b Phủ định

EX: I am not writing a letter now

He isn’t sleeping at present

Form: S + am / is /are + not + V ing

c Nghi vấn: Đảo am / is / are ra trước chủ ngữ

EX: Are you doing the homework?

Is she watching TV now?

Are the students learning English at the moment?

Use:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đang đang xảy ra tại thời điểm nói (Trong câu

thường có các trạng từ: still, now, at present, at the moment, at this time, today,

tinight, this week… sau các từ tạo sự chú ý như: Look !, Look at him/her/them…, Pay attention! , Be careful! )

EX: The students are doing the exercises now

He is reading a newspaper at present

Look! The bus is coming here

- Diễn đạt một dự định, một hành động, sự việc đã được sắp xếp làm (xảy ra) trongtương lai gần (Tương đương với (am / is /are going to)

EX: I am going to Binh Chau tomorrow

He is buying a new car next Sunday

- Dùng với always để diễn đạt một sự phàn nàn về một hành động hay sự việc khôngtốt thường hay xảy ra hay một thói quen xấu ở hiện tại

Ex: He is always watching TV very late

They are always making noise in class

- Chỉ sự thay đổi đang xảy ra xung quanh tại thời điểm nói

CÁCH THÊM “ING”

• Đối với động từ tận cùng bằng chữ “E” câm, ta phải bỏ nó đi

EX: write  writing , practise  practising , raise  raising ,

ride  riding, drive  driving…

• Đối với động từ 1 vần tận cùng bằng 1 phụ âm mà trước nó là 1 nguyên âm ta phảinhân đôi phụ âm cuối đó ( Nguyên âm gồm: a, e, i, o, u)

EX: cut  cutting, stop stopping, run  running,

sit  sitting, get  getting, rub  rubbing…

• Đối với động từ 2 vần, có âm nhấn (Trọng âm) ở vần cuối, tận cùng bằng 1 phụ

âm mà trước nó là 1 nguyên âm ta phải nhân đôi phụ âm cuối đó

EX: begin  beginning, prefer  preferring,

occur  occurring, admit  admitting…

• Đối với động từ tận cùng bằng 2 chữ “ie” thì phải đổi thành chữ “y”

EX: tie tying ,lie  lying …

• Đối với động từ tận cùng bằng chữ “L” mà trước nó là 1 nguyên âm, phải nhânđôi chữ “L”

EX: Travel  travelling, control  controlling, signal  signaling…

III Present perfect tense

1 Cách thành lập

a Khẳng định:

EX: We have learnt these lessons

He has finshed his work

b Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau have / has

EX: They haven’t done their homework yet

Mr Long hasn’t seen that film before

c Nghi vấn: Đảo have/ has ra trước chủ ngữ

EX: Have you ever eaten durian?

Has he met his friend yet?

2 Cách sử dụng:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không xác định rõ

thời gian (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: already, before, many times, several

times…)

EX: I have already gone to Dalat

He has seen this film before

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc vừa mới diễn ra (Trong câu thường có các trạng

từ: just, lately, recently…)

EX: He has just got married

They have built a house recently

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại vẫn

còn và có thể còn tiếp diễn ở tương lai (Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: since, for,

up to now, so far…)

EX:We have learnt English for 4 years

Mr Baker has lived in London since 1992

S + have / has +Vpp

S + haven’t / hasn’t +Vpp

Have / Has + S + Vpp ?

- Dùng với NEVER để diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc chưa bao giờ xảy ra tính tớithời điểm hiện tại.

EX: I have never travelled by air /plane

- Dùng với YET trong câu phủ định để diễn đạt một hành động sự việc chưa xảy ra

và trong câu nghi vấn để hỏi xem một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra hay chưa (Hành động này vẫn thường hay xảy ra nhưng ở thời điểm hiện tại nó chưa xảy ra hoặc đã xảy ra hay chưa)

EX: I haven’t had breakfast yet

Have you met him yet?

- Dùng với EVER để hỏi xem một hành động, sự việc đã bao giờ xảy ra hay chưa

EX: Have you ever travelled by train?

Have you ever driven a car?

IV Future tense

1 Cách thành lập:

a Khẳng định:

EX: I shall visit you next week

The students will stay at home tomorrow

b Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau will /shall

will not = won’t ; shall not = shan’t

EX: I won’t go to class late I promise

We shan’t have Math tomorrow

c Nghi vấn: Đảo will / shall ra trước chủ ngữ:

EX: Will you go with me tomorrow?

Shall we have meat for lunch?

2 Cách sử dụng:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (Trong câu thường có

các trạng từ: tomorrow, next, in the future…)

EX: We will have an exam next month

Lan will go to HCM City tomorrow

- Diễn đạt một lời đề nghị lịch sự (Đề nghị người khác cùng với mình làm một việc

gì, đề nghị người khác giúp mình) , một lời ngỏ ý giúp đỡ, một lời hứa…

EX: Shall we play soccer? = Let’s play soccer

Will you please give me a hand?

Shall I help you?

I promise I will learn harder

S +Will / Shall + VINF

S +Will / Shall +not + VINF

Will / Shall + S + VINF ?

B EXERCISE

I Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

1 We (go) …… to the concert tonight

2 I (collect) ………… stamps since I was a child

3 John (repair) ………… the TV set now

4 Mr Park (walk) home from work when he (see) ……… the accident

5 I can’t go with you because I (not finish) ……… my work

6 I (not see) ……… him since we (leave) ……… school

7 We (walk) ……… for three hours and we are very tired

8 She (stay) ……… in this hotel since April

* AnswerS:

1 are going 5 haven’t finished

2 have collected 6 haven’t seen / left

3 is repairing 7 have been walking

4 was walking / saw 8 has stayed

II Cho dạng đúng của động từ trong ngoặc

1 Listen! It (rain) outside

2 At school, We (write) almost every lesson in our notebook

3 The Earth (move) around the sun once every 356 days

4 The farmer (work) in the field at the moment

5 Nam always (play) soccer in the afternoon

6 Look? The children (run) around the yard

7 Do you know the man who (smoke) over there?

8 There (be/ not) rivers and mountains in my village

9 We (not / play) football together since last summer

10 My mother (come) to stay with us next week

* Answers:

1 is raining 6 are running

2 write 7 is smoking

3 moves 8 are not

4 are working 9 haven’t played

5 plays 10 will come /is coming

III Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

1 I (not/do) my homework last night

2 He (be) a doctor in this hospital for ten years

3 Look! Our teacher (come) here

4 I’m too fat I wish I (be) thinner

5 A new school (build) here next year

6 She (teach) ……… English since 2000

7 I suggest (travel) by train

8 You (go) ……… to school yesterday?

IV Homework

Học thuộc mẫu câu, cách dùng và dấu hiệu nhận biết của các thì

Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form

1 He always ………to school on time (go)

2 The children ………at this time yesterday (swim)

3 We ……… that film (already/ see)

4 She ……… this shirt yesterday (buy)

5 Look! The students ……….…………in the rain (play)

6 I ……… at home tomorrow (stay)

7 Hoai ………English every day (study)

8 Mr Tien ………a document now (type)

9 The Pikes ………in New York for 20 years (live)

10 He ……… a letter last week (send)

11 She ………the clothes four times a week (wash)

12 We always ………after dinner (watch)

13.They ………their work yet (not finish)

14 The students ………English at present (learn)

15 ……….you ever………turkey? (eat) (turkey: gà Tây)

16 He ………her last week.(not visit)

17 She ………the floor every day (clean)

18 We ………since 7 o’clock (learn)

19 Nam ……….a letter from his penpal (just/ receive)

20 That boy ……… at the moment (sleep)

21 Miss Hoa ………to Phan Thiet two days ago (go)

22 We ………our homework every day (do)

23 We ………each other since last year (not see)

24 Mr Long ……….a house recently (build)

25 It ……… now (still/ rain)

Date of preparation: 13/5/2013Buổi 2: Tenses (cont)

A GRAMMAR:

V Past simple tense

1 Cách thành lập:

a Khẳng định:

EX: He went to Hanoi last week

She cleaned the floor yesterday

b Phủ dịnh:

EX: He didn’t go to Hanoi last week

They didn,t play volleyball yesterday

S + didn ’ t + V INF …+O

c Nghi vấn:

Ex: Did you meet him last night?

Did the students do the test last Monday?

2 Cách sử dụng:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ

(Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: yesterday, last, ago…)

3 Cách thêm “ed” sau động từ:

• Thông thường ta thêm “ed” sau động từ có qui tắc

EX: Work → worked

• Nếu động từ có qui tắc tận cùng là “e” thì chỉ thêm “d” thôi

Ex: die → died

• Nếu động từ có qui tắc có một âm tiết, tận cùng là một nguyên âm ở giữa hai phụ

âm thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối lên rồi thêm “ed”

Ex: stop → stopped.

• Nếu động từ có qui tắc có hai âm tiết, tận cùng là một nguyên âm ở giữa hai phụ

âm và trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết cuối thì ta gấp đôi phụ âm cuối lên rồi thêm “ed”

• Ex: permit → permitted

• Nếu động từ tận cùng là “l” trước nó là một nguyên âm đơn thì ta nhân đôi “l” lên rồi thêm “ed”

Ex: travel → travelled

- Cách đọc “ed”

/t/: những từ có tận cùng: f, s, sh, ch, p, x, và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là "s" Ex: liked, stopped

/id/: những từ có tận cùng là: t, d

Ex: needed, wanted

S + V 2 / V ed … + O

Did + S + V INF … + O?

/d/: những trường hợp còn lại

Ex: lived, studied

* So sánh với thì Hiện tại hoàn thành:

I have gone to Dalat I went to Dalat last year

He has already met her He met her yesterday

VI Past progressive tense

1 Cách thành lập:

a Khẳng định:

EX: We were watching TV at 8 o’clock last night

She was cooking at that time

b Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau were/ was

EX: We weren’t watching TV at 8 o’clock last night

She wasn’t cooking at that time

c Nghi vấn: Đảo were /was ra trước chủ ngữ.

EX: Were you watching TV at 8 o’clock last night?

Was she cooking at that time?

2 Cách sử dụng:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ

(Trong câu thường có các trạng từ: at that time, at this time + yesterday/ last…, at

one/two/ three… o’clock +yesterday/ last…)

EX: The children were sleeping at that time

I was playing the Piano at this time yesterday

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ thìmột hành động sự việc khác diễn ra cắt ngang hành động đó.(Kết hợp với thì QuáKhứ Đơn)

Ex: I was taking a bath when the telephone rang.

They were watching TV when I came.

While I was eating, the phone rang

VII Past perfect tense

1 Cách thành lập:

a Khẳng định

EX: They had bought a house before they got married

b Phủ định: Thêm “not” sau had

EX: He hadn’t finished his work before he went to the cinema

We hadn’t done our homework yet

S +were /was +V ING

S +were /was + not + V ING

Were /Was + S + +V ING ?

S + had +V PP + O

S + hadn’t +V PP + O

c Nghi vấn: Đảo had ra trước chủ ngữ:

EX: Had you reviewed the lessons before you took the exam?

Had she learnt English before she went to the USA?

2 Cách sử dụng:

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ

(Trong câu thường có: before yesterday/ last…)

EX: They had built a house before last Tet holidays

We had finished our work before yesterday

- Diễn đạt một hành động, sự việc đã xảy ra trước một hành động, sự việc khác cũngxảy ra trong quá khứ (Kết hợp với thì Quá Khứ Đơn)

EX: I had done the homework before I went to bed last night.

She went to school after she had had breakfast.

*) LƯU Ý: MỘT SỐ ĐỘNG TỪ KHÔNG DÙNG ĐƯỢC Ở CÁC THÌ TIẾP DIỄN

 Động từ BE và các động từ tri giác như: see (thấy, gặp), meet (gặp), greet (chào),smell (ngửi), taste (nếm), look (trông có vẻ), sound (nghe có vẻ), understand(hiểu), know (biết), show (chỉ, bảo),come (đến) ,…

 Động từ chỉ sở thích, ý muốn: love (yêu), like (thích), hate (ghét), dislike (khôngthích), want (cần, muốn) = need, prefer (thích hơn),…

 Động từ chỉ sự sở hữu: have (có), own (sở hữu),= possess, belong to (thuộc về),contain (chứa đựng)…

* Nếu trong câu có các từ nhận biết để chia ở các thì tiếp diễn mà có các động từ trênthì ta chuyển sang các thì Đơn tương đương (Hiện tại Tiếp Diễn → Hiện Tại Đơn,Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn → Quá Khứ Đơn…)

EX: Now, I………you (understand)

(Chữ “Now” là dấu hiệu nhận biết của thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn nhưng động từ

“understand” không chia được ở các thì tiếp diễn nên ta chuyển sang thì Hiện Tại

Đơn)

→ Now, I understand you.

SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ

Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn +When /While +Thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn

EX: He is reading a book while I am watching TV

Thì Tương Lai Đơn + When / Until +Thì Hiện Tại Đơn

EX: I will give it to you when I visit you next week

Thì Quá Khứ Đơn +When + Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn +When + Thì Quá Khứ Đơn

EX: The milkman came when The Le family was having breakfast

We were doing our homework when he arrived

Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành (already) +When +Thì Quá Khứ Đơn

EX:The play had already begun when we came the theatre

Thì Quá Khứ Đơn + While +Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn +While + Thì Quá Khứ Tiếp Diễn

EX: The telephone rang while I was cooking the meal

Had + S + V PP + O?

My parents were watching TV while I was learning my lessons

Thì Quá Khứ Đơn +as soon as/ by the time + Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

EX: He went out as soon as he had eaten dinner

Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành + since + Thì Quá Khứ Đơn

Thì Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành Tiếp Diễn

EX: They have lived in that house since they got married

We have been working since we came here

Thì Quá Khứ Đơn + after + Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành Thì Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành + before +Thì Quá Khứ Đơn

EX: Nam went to bed after he has done his homework

Nam has done his homework before he went to bed

B EXERCISES:

I Chia động từ trong ngoặc:

1 He ……….English every day (study)

2 They ……… their grandparents last Sunday (visit)

3 I ………to Hanoi next week (go)

4 This boy ……… his teeth three times a day (brush)

5 She often ……….the clothes in the morning (wash)

6 We ………Music at that time (practice)

7 The children ……… soccer at this time (play)

8 Lan always ……… up early and goes to school on time (get)

9 Mr Long ………back from his farm (just / come)

10 Pham Duy ………over one thousand songs up to now (compose)

11 They ………their house beautifully before last Christmas (decorate)

12 Look ! The train ………here (come)

13 The students ……….the lesson now (write)

14 She ……… that film before (see)

15 My mother ……… this shirt yesterday.(buy)

16 Ba ……….ten exercises since he came here (do)

17 We ………swimming twice a week (go)

18 They ………their work (already / finish )

19 The students ……….in the school-yard at the moment (run)

20 I ……… at 10 o’clock last night (sleep)

21 I promise I ……… harder (learn)

22 My father sometimes……….TV in the evening.(watch)

23 My younger sister ……….milk every day.(drink)

24 He ……… her a letter four days ago.(send)

25 Nam and Ba……… a bath yet (not take)

26 They ……….a new house recently (build)

27 We ……….Math and Literature tomorrow (have)

28 I ………him when he was riding to school (see)

29 I will pay it back to you when I ……….tomorrow (come)

30 My father ……… a magazine while my brothers were watching TV (read)

31 Mr Peter ……… for this company since he moved to London (work)

32 They ……… dinner after they had taken a bath (eat)

33 Miss Lan ………before she travelled to New York (study)

34 He has drunk three cup of tea since he ……….here (sit)

35 They ………while I am learning my lessons( play)

2 The last time she (go) to HCM city was in November 2000

3 If I fin a comfortable house, I (buy) it

4 She (play) the piano when the guests (arrive) lastnight

5 Up to present, I (never see) such a fat man

6 I think he (leave) as soon as he (know) the new

7 My bike (just fix) by my sister

8 My mother (come) to stay with us next week

9 Jonh (drive) that car since I know him

10 I wish I know) the answer to this question

11 (Watch) to much TV is not good for our eyes

12 Last month I (be) in the hospital for ten days

13 If I saw a tiger walking on the street, I (climb) up a tree

14 Birds (build) their nets in the summer and (fly) to the south in winter

* Answer:

1 is having / is going to have 8 will come / is coming

2 went

3 will buy

4 was playing / arrived

5 have never seen

6 will leave / knows

7 has just been fixed

9 has driven / knew

Supply the correct verb form

1 They (move)……… three times since they got married

2 When I was young I (play)………the piano for my school band

3 If the weather is fine, we (go) ……… camping next Sunday

4 I wish I (can)……….go out for dinner with you now

5 While I (stand)……… in front of the school gate, I (see) ……….Nam

6 Mrs Thanh suggests (take)……….showers to save water

7 My teacher asked us (wait)……….for a minute

8 I (know) her for very a long time

II Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form

1 The students ………English at present (learn)

2 She ……… the meal at that time (cook)

3 ……….you ever………turkey ? (eat) (turkey: gà Tây)

4 He ……… her last week.(not visit)

5 She ………the floor every day (clean)

6 We ………since 7 o,clock (learn)

7 Nam ……….a letter from his penpal (just/ receive)

8 This is the most interesting film I ……… (see)

9 That boy ……… at the moment (sleep)10.Miss Hoa ………to Phan Thiet two days ago (go)11.We ……… our homework every day (do)12.They ……….their house before last Tet holiday (decorate)13.We ………each other since last year ( not see)14.Mr Long ……….a house recently (build)

15.It ……… now ( still/ rain)

16.I ………a doctor in the future (become)

17.They ……….soccer at this time ( play)18.It is the first time I……… a motorbike (ride)

Date of prepration: 17 /5/2013Buổi 3: The passive voice

- O trong câu chủ động → S trong câu bị động

- V trong câu chủ động → be + V (P2) trong câu bị động

- Thì câu chủ động = Thì câu bị động (biểu đạt qua hình thức của TO BE )

- S câu chủ động chung chung (they, people, she, ) → câu bị động không cần “by

O”

- S câu chủ động đặc biệt: tên riêng, địa danh hoặc là tác nhân cần được đề cập đến

→ cần “by O”

3.Bảng tóm tắt công thức các thì và động từ khuyết thiếu trong câu bị động.

Present simple S + am/ is/ are + PP+ (by + O)

Past simple S + was, were + PP + (by + O)

Present

progressive

S + am/is/ are + being + PP (by + O)

Past progressive S + was/ were + being + PP + (by + O)

Present perfect S + have/ has + been + PP + (by + O)

Past perfect S + had + been + PP + (by + O)

Future simple S + will + be + PP+ (by + O)

Be going to S + am/is/are + going to + be + PP + (by + O)

Modal verb S + can/could/would/should + be + PP + (by + O).

must/have to/may/might EX1: A: She is writing a letter now (write-wrote-written)

P: A letter is being wtitten (by her) now

EX2: A: The children are cleaning the room at present

P: The room is being cleaned (by the children) at present

Ex 3: We have finished our homework

P: Our homework has been finished

EX4: A: Lan has washed the clothes

P: The clothes have been washed (by Lan)

EX5: A: I can do this exercise

P: This exercise can be done (by me)

EX6: A: You must learn these lessons (learn-learnt-learnt)

P: These lessons must be leanrt (by you)

* Bị động với have / get something done

Active: S +have/has + O (người) + V INF + O (vật) / (S+ get + O + to V +O)

Passive: S +have/has + O + V PP + (By +O)

EX1: A: I have my mother wash the clothes

P: I have the clothes washed (by my mother)

EX2: A: He has his wife cook the meals

P: He has the meals cooked (by his wife)

* Lưu ý:

- By + O đứng trước trạng từ chỉ thời gian nhưng sau trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn

EX: The trees were planted in the garden by us yesterday

- Câu chủ động có 2 tân ngữ (O) thì có 2 câu bị động

Ex1: A: He sent her a letter yesterday

P: 1 She was sent a letter (by him) yesterday

2 A letter was sent to her (by him) yesterday

Ex2: A: She bought him a shirt yesterday

P: 1 He was bought a shirt by her yesterday

2 A shirt was bought for him yesterday

+ Các động từ dùng giới từ “for”: do, make, buy…

+ Các động từ dùng giới từ “to”: send, lend, give, teach, tell, show…

- Nếu tân ngữ trong câu bị động chỉ sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng giới từ with thay by

Ex: Smoke filled the room → The room was filled with smoke.

B EXERCISES

I Change the following sentences into the passive

1 They teach English at primary school

2 Many people learn Chinese today

(Người)(Vật)

3 They grow a lot of rice in tropical countries

4 They took the children to the park last Sunday

5 He can do this exercise quickly

6 Nobody can do such a thing

7 They are building a new market here

8 They told us to be here at nine o’clock

9 I will leave the key on bookshelf

10 We must solve the problem before we leave

11 When did they last paint that house?

12 Columbus discovered America more than 400 years ago

13 They were painting the car when I arrived

14 They publish many books every year

15 They advertise the product on television

* Answer:

1 English is taught at primary schools

2 Chinese is learnt today

3 A lot of rice is grown in tropical countries

4 The children were taken to the park last Sunday

5 This exercise can be done quickly

6 Such a thing can’t be done

7 A new market is being built here

8 We were told to be here at nine o’clock

9 The key will be left on the bookself

10 The problem must be solved before we leave

11 When was the house last painted?

12 Americe was discovered more than 400 years ago by Columbus

13 The car was being painted when I arrived

14 Many books are published every year

15 The product will be advertised on TV

II Change the following sentences into passive.

1 All students attended the meeting

2 People say that he is intelligent

3 He can’t repair my bike

4 People drink a great deal of tea in England

5 Tom was writing two poems

6 My cousin will meet you at the station

7 He likes people to call him “sir”

8 She is running her own company

9 He hasn’t seen you for years

10 How many books do you give me?

11 You should prepare your speech carefully

12 People think he is an excellent teacher

13 Somebody said that he was invented in China

14 Hai didn’t break the window

* Answer:

1 The meeting was attended by all students

2 It is said that he is intelligent

He is said to be intelligent

3 My bike can’t be repaired

4 A great deal of tea is drunk in England

5 Two poems were being written by Tom

6 You will be met by my cousin at the station

7 He likes to be called “sir”

8 Her own company is being run by herself

9 You haven’t been seen for years

10 How many books are given to me?

11 Your speech should be prepared carefully

12 He is thought to be an excellent teacher

13 He was to have been in prison for many years

14 The window wasn’t broken by Hai

III Change the following sentences into passive.

1 She bought this shirt yesterday

2 This baby drinks milk every day

3 The students have cleaned the room

4 I can do these exercises

5 The students are writing the lessons now

6 We shall visit him tomorrow

7 He has his wife wash the clothes

8 The students have done the test

9 She is writing the letter now

10 He had decorated the house before last Tet

Homework

Viết lại những câu sau dùng dạng bị động của động từ:

1 People speak English all over the world

Date of preparation: 18/ 05/ 2013

Buổi 4: Direct and indirect speeches

A GRAMMAR.

Lời nói gián tiếp là tường thuật lại ý của người nói

I Nếu động từ tường thuật là những động từ: say (nói); tell (bảo); ask (hỏi);

inquire (hỏi); ask (yêu cầu); beg (cầu khẩn); request (yêu cầu); declare (tuyên bố);affirm (xác nhận); inform (thông báo); complain (than phiền); warn (cảnh cáo); report(tường thuật, báo cáo)… ở thì HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN thì ta không đổi động từ mà chỉ đổiNGÔI

Personal pronoun Possesssive Reflexive Pronoun Subject Object Adjective Pronoun

EX1: Direct: He says: “I have not found my keys”

Indirect: He says that he has not found his keys

Ex2: Direct: She says: “I shall go with my father tomorrow”

Indirect: She says that she will go with her father tomorrow.

II Nếu động từ ở mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ đơn “said” thì trong lời trích dẫn ta

phải đổi thì, các từ hoặc cụm từ chỉ thời gian, vị trí, đại từ…

Khi muốn chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang lời nói gián tiếp ta cần lưu ý một số thayđổi sau

1 Đổi động từ:

DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT

Hiện Tại Đơn → Quá Khứ Đơn HT Hoàn Thành → QK Hoàn Thành

HT Tiếp Diễn → QK Tiếp Diễn QK Tiếp Diễn → Had been +VING

Quá Khứ Đơn → QK Hoàn Thành Tương Lai Đơn → Should +VINF

would

* - Should / would + VINF → Should /Would have +VPP

- Must → had to

EX1: Direct: He said: “I drink milk every day”

Indirect: He said that he drank milk every day

EX2: Direct: She said:”I have met him”

Indirect: She said that she had met him.

2 Đổi trạng từ: (Trạng từ nơi chốn và thời gian)

DIRECT INDIRECT DIRECT INDIRECT

Today → That day Tomorrow night → The following nightTonight → That night Next week → The following weekYesterday → The day before

→ the previous day

Next year → The following year

Last night → The night before Now → Then

Last week → The week before Here → There

Last

month

→ The month before From here → From there

Last year → The year before This → That

Tomorrow → The following day

→ The next day

These → ThoseAgo → Before

* Các loại câu gián tiếp

I Command, request and advice (Câu mệnh lệnh, yêu cầu và lời khuyên).

Eg: - “Hurry up, Lan”

→ He told Lan to hurry up.

- “Don’t leave the room”.

→ He told them not to leave the room.

- “You should stop chatting on the Internet, Mark,” Jane said

→ Jane advised Mark to stop chatting on the Internet.

* Form

S + V ( asked / told / advised ) + O + to ( not to ) + infinitive

II Questions

1 Yes/ No – questions.

Eg: - “Have you seen that film?” he told her

→ He asked if she had seen that film.

- “Will Tom be here tomorrow?” She told

→ She wondered whether Tom would be there the day after.

Form

S + asked/ requested/ wondered + (O) + if / whether + clause

2 Wh – questions

Eg: - “What time does the film begin?”

→ He asked what time the film began

- “What will you do tomorrow?

→ She wondered what I would do the next day

Form

S + asked/ requested/ wonderes + question words + clause

III Statements (Câu phát biểu)

Trong câu gián tiếp loại câu phát biểu này thờng đợc bắt đầu bằng các động từ nh “said, told ”

* Eg:- He told me, “ I like oranges.”

- He said (that) he liked oranges

*Form

S + told (O) / said (to + O) + ( that) + clause

B EXERCISES:

I Change the following sentences into indirect speech:

1 “I often go to school before 7 o’clock”, Nam said

6 “All the homework must be done at home”, the teacher said

→ The teacher said ……….………

7 “I can swim across the river”, Tam said

→ Tam said ………

8 “You can go to the movies with your friend”, her father said to her

→ Her father said ………

9 “I may visit my parents this summer”, Hoa said

→ Hoa said ………

10 “We should finish our homework before going out for lunch”, the Ss said

→ The students ………

* Answer:

1 Nam said he often went to school before 7 o’clock

2 Thu said that all the students would have a meeting the following week / thenext week

3 Phong said that his parents were very proud of his good marks

4 Lan said that Tam should stay at home and do the homework/ Lan advisedTam to stay at home and do the homework

5 Lien told / asked / advised her brother to clean his room

6 The teacher said (that) all the homework had to be done at home

7 Tam said she / he could swim across the river

8 Her father said (that) she could go to the movies with her friend

9 Hoa said that she might visit her parents that summer

10 The students said they should finish their homework before going out forlunch

1 “Where does your father work?”, the teacher asked me.

2 “How far is it from Da lat to Vung Tau”, a tourist asked Minh

3 “How many people are there in your family?”, she asked Lan

4 “How long will you stay in England?”, Tam’s friend asked him

5 “What’s your hobby?”, the teacher asked Lien

6 “Why do you collect waste paper?”, she asked Ba

7 “When will you visit Hanoi?”, Hoa asked her parents

8 “What language do you speak?”, Mrs Brown asked Thu

9 “What time does school begin every day?”, he asked Mrs Brown

10 “What should we do to help the poor children?”, the teacher asked thestudents

11 “Do you enjoy reading book?”, Phong asked Peter

12 “Does your mother like sports?”, Hoa asked Lan

13 “Do your children like watching cartoon on TV?”, our teacher asked theman

14 “Are there any oranges in the fridge?”, she asked her mom

15 “Will t rain tomorrow evening?”, he asked his friend

* Answer:

1 The teacher ask me where my father worked

2 A tourist asked Minh how far it was from Dalat to Vung Tau

3 She asked Lan how many people there were in her / his family

4 Tam’s friend asked him how long he would stay in England

5 The teacher asked Lien what her hobby was

6 She asked Ba why she collected waste paper

7 Hoa asked her parents when they would visit Ha Noi

8 Mrs Brown asked Thu what language she spoke

9 He asked Mrs Brown what time school began every day

10 The teacher asked the students what they should do to help the poorchildren

11 Phong asked Peter If / whether he enjoyed reading books

12 Hoa asked Lan if / whether her mother liked sports

13 Our teacher asked the man if/ whether his children liked watching cartoons

on TV

14 She asked her mom if / whether there were any oranges in the fridge

15 He asked his friend if / whether it would rain the following evening / thenext evening

III Change these statements into the reported speech

1 Lan said: “I am a student.”

2 He said: “I work for a small publishing company.”

3 My mother said: “I will buy you a new coat tomorrow.”

4 Peter said: “Mary and I are getting married next month.”

5 Long said: “I must finish my report”

6 They said: “We often play soccer at the station in the afternoon.”

7 “Are you going to visit your aunt tomorrow?” asked Tom

8 “The sun always rises in the east.” My teacher said.

9 “Will we read the story?” Billy asked his teacher

10.“I can’t go to school today because I’m ill.” said Mike

Answer key:

1 Lan said that she was a student

2 He said that he worked for a small publishing company

3 May mother told that she would buy me a new coat the following day

4 Peter said/ told that Mary and he were getting married the following month

5 Long said/ told that he had to finish his report

6 They said that they often played soccer at the station in the afternoon

7 Tom asked me if I was going to visit my aunt the following day

8 My teacher said that the sun always rose in the east

9 Billy asked his teacher if they would read the story

10 Mike said/ told that he couldn’t go to school because he was ill

*) Homework

Chuyển các câu dưới đây sang câu nói gián tiếp:

1 He said: “I am going to town with my sister”

2 They said: “We are students in this school”

3 She said: “We have finished our work”

4 She said to me: “I want to speak with you”

5 He said: “I like my uncle”

6 Lan asked Nam “Where do you live?”

7 The teacher asked us: “What are you doing now?”

8 He said to me: “I shall be here with you tomorrow”

9 I asked her “Do you drink coffee?”

10.Ba said to his friends: “When will we go fishing?”

11.The plumber said to Mrs Thu: “ You must pay me ten thousand dong”

12.Marry said: “Do you feel well, John?”

13.“Would you please lend me your pen?, Trang asked Nam

14.My mother said to me: “You should do your homework every day”

15.The teacher asked us: “Sit down, please”

16.The doctor said to him: “Don,t smoke cigarrette here”

17.He said to her: “How beautiful your shirt is!”

18.She asked them “Did you go to school yesterday?”

19.He says: “I have gone to Dalat”

20.“I love you” Hai said to Trang

21.She asked me “Is Quang from Viet Nam?”

22.Paola asked me “How do you spell your name?”

23.I said to him “Stay at home!”

24.Peter said, “I’m busy”

25.Tom asked Mary, “Have you finished your homework?”

26.My daughter said to us: “Don’t laught!”

27.Peter asked me, “Where is Paola?”

28.The students say, “We want to see our teacher”

29.Mary asked her friend, “Did you call me yesterday?”

30.My neighbour asked me: “What is the weather like to day?”

I The conditional sentence (Câu điều kiện)

1 Conditional sentences: Type 1

Eg: + I’ll tell Tom my plan if I see him tonight

+ If it rains, I won’t go out

* Diễn đạt một tình huống có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

2 Conditional sentences: Type 2

Eg: + If I had a car, I would drive around the country

+ If I were rich, I would help the poors

+ If I had a lot of money, I would build a villa

→ Form:

Eg: + If I had a car, I would drive around the country.

* Usages: - Diễn đạt 1 điều kiện không thể xảy ra ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai (Chỉ là 1

giả thiết đặt ra(giả sử)

* Chú ý: - Unless = If not

Eg: If you don’t work hard, you will fail the test.

= Unless you work hard, you will fail the test

* Nếu trong mệnh đề “If” sử dụng động từ To Be thì were được dùng cho tất cả các

ngôi Eg: + If I were you, I wouldn’t do that

(+) If – clause ( Past simple) , main – clause ( would + V inf)

(+) Main – clause ( would + Vinf) If – clause ( Past simple)

* If – clause , Main – clause

(Present simple) (Future simple)

* Main – clause + If – clause

(Future simple) (Present simple)

II Câu ước với “wish”

1 Ước 1 điều ở hiện tại:

Ex: I wish I were at home now.

He wishes he had a computer.

They wish they learnt / could learn English well.

+ She wishes she were a doctor = If only she were a doctor.

2 Usages: Diễn tả một ước muốn, một tình huống không có thực ở hiện tại (Tình

huống này được diễn đạt ở thì quá khứ đơn)

B EXERCISES

I Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa câu không đổi

1 I don’t have a computer

1 I wish I had a computer

2 They wish they learnt English well

3 I wish he had gone with us yesterday

4 We wish it weren’t hot now

5 I wish she would not leave tomorrow

6 I wish they passed the exam

7 We wish they would visit us next Sunday

8 She wishes she drew well

9 She wishes she understood the lessons

II Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho đúng :

S +wish(es) + S + Ved /V2 (Thì qk đơn nhưng nếu có “to be” thì dùng Were cho mọi chủ ngữ)

If only Could + V(bare)

1 I wish I (stay) ……… at home now

2 She studies badly I wish she (study) ……….better

3 They wish they (not have) ……… a test tomorrow

4 He wishes he (be) ……….a teacher at present

5 Our English is not good We wish we (speak) ……….English well

6 We wish we (pass)………the exam

7 Nam wishes he (be)………at school yesterday

8 I wish I (see) ……….that film again It is very interesting

9 We wish she (teach) ……… ……us English

10 I wish I (can) ……… play the piano

III Chia động từ trong ngoặc cho đúng:

1 If I (be) ……… you, I would do differently

2 He will learn better if he (do) ……… his homeworkevery day

3 If we (review) ………the lessons carefully, wewould have done the test well

4 She (buy) ……….a new car if she had enough money

5 Please send him the letter if you (meet) ………him

6 If I had learnt harder, I (learn) ……… better

7 If we keep on littering, our environment (be……… seriously polluted

8 The vegetables will be poisonous and inedible if we (use) ……….much pesticide

9 If she (drink) ………milk every day, she will become stronger 10.If they (stay) ……….at home, they wouldn’t know what happened 11.We would help him if he (ask) ……… for help

12.If today (be) ……….Suday, we would stay at home 13.If we plant more trees along the streets, we (have) ……… moreshade and fresh air

14.We will live happier and healthier life if we (keep) ……….our environment clean

15.If he (get) ……… the new, he will let us know 16.If you (go)……… … away, please write to me

17.If he (eat) ……… ………another cake, he will be sick

18.If it is convenient, let’s (meet) ……… … at nine o’clock.19.I (not do) that if I (be) ……… you.20.If he (take) ……….my advice, everything can go well

21.He never does his homework If he (do) ………… …….his homework, he(not worry) ……… about his examination.

22.It’s too bad we lost the game If you (play) ……….….for us, we (win)

……….…

23.What you (do) ……….… if she refuses your invitation?24.If today (be) ……….……… Sunday, we (go) ……… to beach.25.They (make) ……… fewer mistakes if they were more carefull.26.You (be) ……… ill if you drink that water.27.If Tom (go) ……….…… to bed earlier, he would not be so tired.28.If it’s raining heavily, we (not go) ……… for a donkey ride.29.If he (try) ……… hard, he’ll pass the examination.30.I could understand the French teacher if she (speak) ……… more slowly.Lưu ý: Unless … = If…not…

14 keep 15.gets

16.go17.eats 18.meet19.would not do/ were 20.takes

21.did/ would not 22.play/ will 23.will you do 24.were/ would go 25.would make26.will be

27 went 28.Will not go

29 tries

30 spoke

IV Viết lại các câu sau theo từ gợi ý mà ý nghĩa không đổi:

1 I am not hungry, so I don’t eat anything

*) Answer keys:

1 If I were hungry, I would eat something

2 If she did her homework, she would learn well

3 If he were thisty, he would drink the water

4 If we reviewed the lesson carefully, we would do the test well

5 Unless he invites me, I won’t come

6 Unless he spent much time playing video games, he would pass the exam

V Each of following sentences has one error Find and correct it

1 We have English lesson in Monday morning

2 She go to school by bike, doesn’t she?

3 I went to school late so I got up late

4 He spends two hours to do his homework every day

5 This is the book who he gave me yesterday

6 They have lived here for January

7 My brother didn’t wear that uniforn since he left school

8 Ba wishes he can have a new bicycle

Answer:

C Homework:

* Viết lại các câu dưới đây theo từ gợi ý:

1 I don’t have time to study

3 so because 7 didn’t wear hasn’t worn

4 to do doing 8 can could