Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành thương mại ii english for business ii phần 2

U n it COMPARING INFORMATION Objectives • M astering co; ip a tives and su p erla tives • Providing kno w led g e on co m paring in form ation • Form in g appropriate m anner Contents Language fu n c tio n s : C om paring sales fig u res C om paring com panies C om paring coun tries P ronuncia tio n : C om paratives and su p erlativ es -er / m o re than , as as the - est I the m ost Stress patterns in w ords V oca b u la ry: Jobs and o ccu p atio n s Suffixes: -er /-e st 148 P R E SE N T A T IO N I Look at these statistics on sales of frozen foods Which one is: a a bar graph b a table c a pie chart Match these headings to the correct graph, table or chart D esserts - sales by value R eady m eals - sales by sector Frozen foods - sales by sector A % V A L U E K EY ^ H 1_ _ J l _ Pasta HHKI Stir Fish H ] Indian I firy Chinese ! I Other H I Vegetarian 0 0 -, 900.000800.000700 000600.000- ÏÏH 500.000- □ This year rrt 400 000- □ Last year 300.0002 00 0 - 100.000- n • )A* ,'RI IB 0.000Ice-cream 149 c V alue £000 V olum e (ton n es) Meat and poultry 20,000 7,690 V egetables 9,200 8,120 Fish 6,000 1,410 Ready m eals 5,300 1,170 D esserts 2,600 770 Pizzas 2,300 330 100 40 45,500 19,530 Fruit Totals II Listen to som e retailers discussing the figures You will hear three parts of their conversation Match each part to the correct statistics {47, 48, 49} III Listen to the first conversation again Are these statem ents true (T) or false (F)? C orrect the ones that are w rong {47} Sales are low er than last year Ice-cream sales are higher U nusual flavours are popular M ulti-pack s w ere m ore p o p u lar in th e past IV Listen to the second conversation again {48} W hy are m eat and poultry sales falling? W hat is the fastest grow ing m arket? V Listen to the third conversation again C om plete the missinc words {49} T his is an o th er fast grow th m ark et but it’s than pizzas W e ’re o fferin g a rang* and co n su m ers are b eco m in g 150 But the m a rk e t’s b e co m in g and th e m an u factu rers have had to red u ce th eir prices A re we g e ttin g m argins on th ese p ro d u cts now ? Y es, slightly LISTENING I Look at the photos of three different cities In which you think houses and apartm ents are: - m ost expensive - biggest? II Now listen to three people talking about housing in the cities where they live C om plete the table below {51} City Average living area (in m2) per person A verage rent than N ew Y o rk / Paris than T o k y o / Paris than N ew Y o rk than T okyo III C om plete the sentences below, using the adjectives given in brackets, as in the example I T he USA h as th e b ig g e s t living area p er person, (big) 151 Japan h a s living area per person, (sm a ll) N ew Y ork is city to live in (ch ea p ) T okyo is city to live in (exp en sive) IV In your country which is: the biggest city? the highest building? the m ost popular tourist attraction? REA D IN G I Complete the passage using the correct words from the box m achines ju m p psychologists follow ed com plaints office levels research b u sin ess W hich is b etter? A n exciting jo b O ne p sy ch o lo g ist (5 ) a w here on -y ear-o ld L on d o n je w e lle r about planes and fly first class around the for three w o rk in g d a y s, m onitoring w orld or a q u ite routine jo b w here and you only have to travel to the office (6 ) and back R ecent (2 ) the w orst H e w ent on a b u sin e ss trip suggests w ould you (1 ) m any prefer the re c o rd in g h is stress T h e first day was b u sin ess people to Jersey and his stress levels were second option tw ice as hig h as th e fo llo w in g two w orking days for British T eleco m in terview ed 75 (7 ) senior is u sin g th e re se a rc h to p u b licize its (3 ) m an ag e rs last m onth, investigating (4 ) that n ew too (8 ) m uch trav ellin g irritable and d epressed m ak es them w hen he w o rk ed ran g e of his teleco n feren cin g - live v id eos that can c o n n ect peop le aro u n d the world via telep h o n e line II W hat research did British Telecom and why? 152 from B ritish Telecom III W hich activities were more stressful for the jeweller: a m eetings at h om e or m eetings aw ay? b checking in o r running to catch a taxi? c w aiting for a flight to take o ff or organizing invoices? IV A jew eler is a person who makes or sells jew ellery, such as rings or necklaces Think of more jobs or professions that end with -er V A psychologist is a person who studies the way people behave Think of more jobs or professions that end with -ist VI The article m entions two symptoms of stress W hat are they? Can you think of any more? LANGUAGE STUDY COM PARATIVE FORM W e add - er to the en d o f the adjective, eg q u icker, slow er or We put m o re b efo re the adjective, e.g m o re relaxing, m o re tiring We use the C om parative form to com pare two things L ondon is m o re exp en sive/ ch ea p er than T okyo C ategory E xam ple O ne-syllab le ad jec tiv es cheap C om parative ch ea p er big bigger T w o-syllables e n d in g -y easy ea sier Tw o or m ore sy llab les expensive m o re (less) exp en sive Irregular adjectiv es good b etter bad w orse When we want to talk about things being the sam e, we use as as P aris is a s exp en sive as London M a d rid is n o t a s big as Paris 153 SUPERLATIVE FORM S W e add - est to the en d o f the adjective, eg q u icke st, slo w est o r W e put the m o st b efo re the ad jective, e.g the m o st rela xin g , th e m ost tiring We use the superlative form to com pare three or m ore things M unich is the m o st exp en sive / the ch ea p est o f th e s ix cities C ategory O ne-syllab le adjectives T w o-syllab les e n d in g -y E xam ple cheap sm a ll easy S uperlative (th e) c h e a p e st (th e) sm a lle st (th e) ea siest T w o or m ore syllables exp en sive (th e) m o st e xp e n siv e Irreg u lar adjectives good had (th e) b est (th e) w o rst I Think about travelling to work in you r own tow n or city Make three sentences, using the language below quicker/ slower m ore relaxing/ m ore tiring than traveling by train safer/ m ore dangerous II How you prefer to travel generally? U sing the adjective! below, write sentences com paring different form s of transport c h e a p fast re la x in g c o m fo rta b le 154 Compare your sentences with a partner Ask extra questions if necessary E xam ple: T ravellin g b y bus is m ore relaxing than tra vellin g by car W hy y o u th in k travelling by ca r is m o re stressfu l? B ecause it's very slo w - it takes 45 m in u tes to d rive kilom etres III Read the inform ation and write sentences using the w ords in brackets In 2003, B ritish T elecom m ade profits o f $3,557 m illion It is (no.2 / pro fitab le c o m p an y / w orld) the se c o n d m o st p ro fita b le com pany in the world Y oshiaki T sutsum i d eals in land, railw ays, and resorts, and has a personal fortune o f $ billion He is (n o 2/ rich / p erso n / w orld) Exxon had sales o f $ 03,242 m illion in 2004 It is (no.3/ larg e/ in d u strial co rp o ratio n / w orld) Eviran H aub from G erm an y ow ns su p erm ark ets, and is w orth $6.9 billion He is (n o /w e alth y / p erson/ w orld) PRONUNCIATION I Practise saying some words below and put them in the right stress pattern box {50} psychologist b u reau cratic operator d an g ero u s procedure re d u n d an cies creative p ersonnel satisfaction reta ile r u n em ployed e n v iro n m en t advertising assistan t occupation c o n su m er e n g in e e r e co n o m ist • •• • • • 155 •• •• p sych o lo g ist •• • • II Listen and check your answers V O C A B U LA R Y I Mach the jobs in the box with the descriptions below m anag in g d irecto r sales re p resen tativ e purch asin g m an ag er tra in in g o ffic e r personal assistant q u ality co n tro l m an a g e r laboratory tech n ician 1 organize training courses for m em bers o f staff - languages, com puters, etc I set up the eq u ip m en t and ex p erim en ts and tests am the sen io r executive I check that p ro d u cts are m ade to the right stan d ard s I visit cu sto m ers and try to increase bu sin ess I w ork w ith the M anaging D irector I am resp o n sib le fo r his diary, organize his travel, and take calls fo r him buy every th in g the co m p an y needs, from raw m ateria l to stationery II Look at the jobs below and put them under the correct headings a cco u n ta n t secreta ry la w y e r ty p ist sales m an a g er rece p tio n ist execu tive e n g in ee r Professional and technical A dm inistrative Luoqe/t Can you add one m ore job under each heading? 156 su p e rviso r Clerical office SPE A K IN G I W ork in pairs Student A: Look at File 20 on page 220 Student B: Look at the inform ation below S itu a tio n You need to have som e advertising brochures printed for yo u r com pany Ask Student A for advice about printing com panies Fill in the table Then Student A w hich you think is best and why Price Q u a lity Speed M ultiprint Budget Print S itu atio n Student A wants to find out about conference rooms A nsw er Student A ’s questions by comparing the venues below Use the words in the box to help you Event Management Inc I C onference C entre Large room s for 200 people or more $400 per hour Opposite M elville Tow n Station 0101 Tel: 04 4677 0101 _ Northern hotel conference rooms available Max 30 people - $100/ hour Max 50 people - $150/ hour Maax.'100 M x UK) ppeople e o p l e - $200/ hour 115 m m iinutes’ n u t e s ’ drive d r i v e from Melville Town Station P ark hotel Conference room available I For groups o f up to 150 people ■ cheaper than Just $140/hour | the cheapest 10 minutes' walk from Melville Town Station || more convenient than the most convenient smaller than the smallest larger than the largest 157 III Rewrite the sentences using verbs and adverbs T here w as a sudden fall in M arch In M arch the shares fe ll T here w as a considerable fall in July In July they fe ll T here w as a steady im provem ent in S ep tem b er and O cto b e r In S eptem ber and O ctober they im p ro v ed P R E D IC T IO N S U nem ploym ent T h is m o n th 's rate F o reca st f o r n ext m onth A ustralia 4.7% 4.7% D enm ark 9.8% 9.5% France 11.5% N orw ay 4.6% 11.5% 5.0% Spain 15.4% 15.4% Sw itzerland 4.0% 4.2% IV Look at the forecasts for unemployment rates in different countries Make predictions using will or won’t and the words given, as in the example increase/ A ustralia Unemployment won’t increase in Australia go up/ D enm ark fa ll/ France raise/ N orw ay rem ain stead y / Spain d ec re a se /S w itz e rla n d 326 GLOSSARY A an abbreviation a short form A d is an abbreviation for advertisem ent Absent: aw ay, not at w ork We have access to that inform ation = we can get it an affiliate a com p an y w hich is connected to a larg er com pany, an agenda a list o f things to discuss at a m eeting an agent a person or c o m p an y that represents the interests o f another an accessory an ex tra item added to com pany in a m arket A lso an agency AGM A nnual G eneral a product that is useful, but not essential (ca r a ccesso ries) M eeting accommodation a place to stay (please arrange h otel accom m odation) an alternative a cho ice, an option, to apply to ask for som ething, o faficially and in w ritin g (I ’ve a p p lied fo r a US visa; h e 's a p p lyin g an account a record o f the m oney that a business receives o r pays out fo r a n o th e r jo b ) to achieve to be su ccessful, to reach an objective or goal, a job an advantage a g o o d point, a strength O pposite = a disadvantage, an advertisem ent publicity designed to sell a p roduct o r service (.new spaper a d vertisem en ts) A lso to advertise, advertising A bbreviations: advert, ad to appoint to choose so m eb o d y for an appointm ent an a rran g em en t to m eet som ebody at a p articu lar tim e, to assist to help A lso an assistant, to attract to create in terest (G ood shop w in d o w d isp la y s a ttra c t custom ers) an auditor a person w ho e x a m in e s a to advise to m ake helpful suggestions or reco m m en d atio n s: or, c o m p a n y ’s acco u n ts, u su ally y early, m ore form ally, to inform (P lease advise its o f y o u r a rriv a l date) A lso average T h e a ve g e o f , 5, a n d advice to award to g ive a prize or to see that they are in order, is 327 a brochure a sm all b o o k w ith pictures w hich g iv es in fo rm atio n or certificate A lso an award, an axis a fixed referen ce line for m easuring on a graph ( vertical/ advertises a broker a person w ho b u y s and horizontal axis) sells things o r (fin a n c ial) serv ices; a B stockbroker; an insurance broker, a benefit an advantage (W e o ffer a good salary a n d o th er ben efits, such aside for a special p u rp o se (th e as a com pany car) a d vertisin g bu d g et) A lso to budget, a budget an am o u n t o f m o n ey set a board (board o f d irecto rs) the a bum per a part o f a c a r at front and group o f people w ho control a back w hich p ro tects it in sm all com pany accid en ts (U S E n g lish: fender), a bonus an extra sum o f m oney paid to an em ployee (a p ro d u ctivity a cam paign a plan to d o a n u m b er bonus) o f th in g s in o rd e r to ach ie v e an o b jective (an a d v e rtisin g c a m p a ig n ) a brand a particu lar m ake o f goods or th eir tradem ark, to cancel to stop a branch an office or shop that is connected to a larg er com pany, capital m o n ey u sed to start a to break down to stop w orking b usiness A lso capital expenditure (This m achine has b ro ken dow n = m oney spent on b u ild in g , C an yo u rep a ir it?) A lso a e q u ip m en t, etc breakdown cash m o n ey th at is re a d y to spend, to break even to m ake n eith er profits nor losses on a b u sin ess or e.g in n o tes and coins, product cash flow the m o v em en t o f cash in a breakthrough an im p o rtan t ! and out o f a b u sin ess scientific or ind u strial discovery, CEO (C h ie f E x ecu tiv e O ffic e r) the to bribe to offe r an illegal head o f a co m p an y , com m ission (H e o b ta in e d his a chairm an the p erson w h o controls c o m p etito r's p la n s b y b rib in g a a m eetin g A lso to chair, security guard) A lso a bribe, charity an o rg an izatio n th at h elp s to brief to inform (C o u ld yo u b r ie f poor o r sick peo p le (the us on the p ro g re ss o f y o u r p ro je c t? ) In te rn a tio n a l R e d C ro ss) 328 CIA the C entral Intelligence consumption Agency convenient fittin g in w ell w ith C IF an export price including Cost, peo p le’s n eed s or plans, giving no Insurance and Freight p roblem s (Is 3 on F rid a y a a clause a paragraph, section, or part co n ven ien t tim e?) of a legal contract core m ain, cen tral, b asic (core a client som eone w ho receives a m arkets, co re b usiness) service costs ex p en ses, the m oney th at has colleagues people w ho work to be spent: sales costs, energy together in the sam e organization, costs A lso to cost = to req u ire a a commercial a TV advertisem ent, certain price to be paid (T h is b ook a commuter a person w ho travels a long distance from hom e to w ork every day A lso to com m ute, a competitor an o th er com pany operating in the sam e area o f the market A lso to com pete; competition; com petitive, to compile to collect and arrange inform ation (co m p ilin g statistics) a component a part o f a product, to compromise to ch an g e a negotiating position in o rd er to reach an ag reem en t (T h ey w an ted 10% a n d we w a n ted 6% , so we costs £ 0 )\ o r to estim ate costs (W e n eed to co st the p a ckag in g ) a courier a person o r co m p an y that carries u rgent letters or im portant papers a crate a box o r co n tain e r for goods, a credit a pay m en t m ade into an account A lso to credit, a currency the m oney system o f a country (T he c u rren cy o f the USA is the dollar) a curriculum vitae a c a re er resum e show ing ed u catio n and previous w ork experience A b breviation: C V com prom ised a n d a g reed to 8% ) customary u su al practice, norm al, Also a com prom ise, to cut to red u ce (e.g prices or to confirm to say so m eth in g is true budgets) A lso cuts, cutbacks or correct A lso confirm ation, to construct to build A lso D construction data inform ation, a consumer a p erson w ho buys a deadline a tim e o r date before goods or services A lso w hich som ethin g m u st be done 329 a debt m oney one has borrow ed and an econom y a c o u n try ’s fin an ces, m ust pay back; m oney ow ned A lso trade, in d u stry (T h e S o v ie t ec o n o m y debtors = people or com panies that en tered a crisis in th e s) A lso ow e m oney econom ic demand how m uch cu sto m ers w ant EDP E lectro n ic D ata P ro cessin g , goods or services (A rise in d em a n d efficient w o rk in g w ell an d q u ick ly , w ill result in a rise in su p p ly o r a producing a good resu lt in the rise in p rices) m inim um tim e A lso efficiency, a discount a price reduction effective p ro d u cin g th e resu lt that (T h e re 's a 5% d isc o u n t on large you w ant (T h is y e a r ’s a d vertisin g orders) h as been e xp e n siv e b u t e xtrem ely to dism iss to stop em p lo y in g effective) som eone, to sack or fire, to em ploy to give w ork to som eone to distribute to send g o ods into a (W e e m p lo y 150 sta ff) A lso m arket A lso a distributor, distribution em ployer (the c o m p an y ); em ployee (the w orker); em ploym ent and domestic busin ess inside yo u r own unem ploym ent country (the d o m estic m arket) to enclose to put so m e th in g in an a donation an am ount o f m oney envelope w ith a letter A lso given aw ay (a d o n a tio n to charity) enclosed due expected (P a ym en t is d u e on enhanced m a d e b e tte r, im proved, M ay 3"1) or becau se o f (T h e in crea se to enquire to ask q u e stio n s to get in sales w as d ue to the o rd ers from in form ation A lso enquiry, Japan) to establish to set up, to b eg in ; or to duty tax paid im porting goods find out, to d isc o v e r (to e sta b lish the to earn to get m o n ey , by w orking or fa c ts) as a return on an in vestm ent A lso an establish a ju d g e m e n t a b o u t the earnings = returns; profit on an cost o f so m eth in g (I d o n ’t k n o w investm ent exa ctly h o w m u ch it w ill be, b u t E estim ate econom ical saving m o n ey (G et a EU E u ro p ean U nion, sm aller car I t 's m o re eco n o m ica l) to exceed to be m o re th a n , to go 330 can g ive y o u an estim a te) A lso to above expenses m oney spent for a particular purpose (tra velin g expense s) exports goods sold abroad A lso to export G GB G reat Britain GDP (G ross D om estic P roduct) the annual total o f goods p roduced, and services provided, for one country a goal a purpose, aim o r objective, grateful th ankful ( I 'd he g tefu l i f facilities room s, equ ip m en t or yo u c o u ld se n d m e ) services gross before anything is taken aw ay; a fault a defect or m istake A lso (gross p ro fits = profits before tax) faulty FBI Federal B ureau o f Investigation, a feasibility study a study to see if som ething is possible, or will work, or will be profitable, O pposite = net a guarantee a prom ise to rep air or replace a product if it is not satisfactory H a feature an im portant part o f something (H ere a re so m e o f the headquarters the m ain office o f a features o f our n ew m odel) A lso to com pany A b breviation: HQ feature to hire to use som eth in g for a short to fire to sack, to d ism iss, to stop tim e in return fo r m oney A lso to em ploying som eth in g som eone, recruit new staff, a fleet a group o f ships, cars or lorries a holding com pany a co m p an y (we have 77 ships in our fleet) co n tro llin g shares in a subsidiary FOB (Free On Board) an export price which ex clu d e s the cost o f I shipping IBM In tern atio n al B usiness a forwarding com pany a com pany M achines in the business o f transporting goods, IC I Im perial C hem ical Industries a fraud a crim e w here m oney is IM F Intern atio n al M o n etary F und obtained by lying, or by hiding the to im plem ent to start using a plan or truth system A lso im plem entation, freight carry in g g o ods from one im ports go o d s bo u g h t from abroad A lso to import place to an o th e r (air-freight) 331 to improve to m ake better, get leading in the first p o sitio n , in front better A lso im provem ent, o f the co m p etitio n , an incentive som eth in g (e.g m oney) that enco u rag es people to things to lease to ren t o r hire A lso a lease = the w ritten ag re e m e n t to lease inflation the general increase in the price o f goods and services, to install to put eq u ip m en t in place so it is ready to be used, interest m oney ch arg ed (e.g by a bank) for borro w in g m oney, inventory stocks o f goods, to invest to spend m oney in o rd er to m ake a profit, e.g b uying m achinery for a factory, or shares in a com pany an invoice a list o f g o ods sold, with a letter o f credit a b an k d o cu m en t arran g in g a p ay m e n t fo r goods, a lift a m ach in e fo r m o v in g from one floor o f a b u ild in g to a n o th er (U S E nglish: elevator); o r free transport ( I 'll g ive y o u a lift to the office) a load W h a t's th is lo r r y ’s m axim um lo a d l = th e m ax im u m it can carry A lso to load = to put g o o d s o n to a lorry, train , ship, p la n e, etc.; a loading bay = the place w here lorries are loaded invoice located p o sitio n ed , p lace d , situated A lso location an item a subject, a thin g (A n item on the agenda) total sales m in u s to tal c o sts (if this a request for paym ent A lso to a loss the m o n ey lost b y a business; an itinerary a plan for a visit o r a figure is negative) jo urney, show ing places, dates, M tim es, and people to see mail order b u y in g o r sellin g goods by post JAL Japan A irlin es a joint venture a co -operative to m aintain to k eep in good w orking o rder A lso m aintenance operation betw een tw o co m p an ies, a m anual a book th at e x p la in s how sharing expertise , reso u rces, etc to operate so m eth ing , to m anufacture to p ro d u c e, in large q u an tities w ith m ach in ery , to launch to intro d u ce a pro d u ct to a a m argin the a m o u n t o f p ro fit that a m arket com p an y m ak es on so m e th in g 332 a market a geo g rap h ical area, or a section o f the p roduction, w here you can sell products, O E C D O rg an izatio n for E conom ic C ooperation and D evelopm ent mass production production in E xporting C ountries, large quantities, on a large scale output the am o u n t that a person, MBA M aster o f B usiness A dm inistration m achine or factory produces, to merge to jo in t to g eth er, (usually two com panies) A lso a merger, com pany to supply services (W e can O P E C C ooperation o f P etroleum to outsource to pay another, stop em p lo yin g secu rity g u ard s a n d a mile 1.6 kilom etres outso u rce the w ork) A lso contract a model one o f the products that is made by a com pany (T he M o n deo has been one o f F o r d 's m ost successful m odels) work out multinational a co m p an y with operations in m any countries, multimedia using d ifferen t m ethods of com m unication (a m ultim edia presentation) overheads m oney a com pany spends on th in g s like pay, electricity , rent, etc overseas in, to o r from an o th er country to owe to be in debt (W e b o rro w ed £5m a n d w e 'v e p a id b a ck £3m , so we still ow e £2m ) N to own to p o ssess, to have to negotiate to b arg ain , to reach an agreem ent by d iscu ssio n A lso (a) owner, ownership som ething as o n e ’s property A lso negotiation net after everything is taken aw ay (net profit = profit after tax and other deductions) O pposite = gross, to pack to put in bo x es o r co n tain ers a network a gro u p o f people or m achines w hich w ork together closely (O ur n etw o rk o f agents covers the country) box a p ro d u ct is sold in; packing = ready for sale A lso a pack = the m aterials th at pro tect a p roduct d urin g transport a penalty a p u n ish m en t for b reak in g a contract an objective a targ et o r goal, the section o f a co m p an y d ealin g an occupation a p e rs o n ’s jo b w ith sta ff m a tte rs, such as personnel em p lo y e es, staff A lso 333 recruitm ent o r training advertisin g even t A lso prom otion, (a) plant a factory, o r the m achinery that is in a factory, design o f a new p ro d u ct a policy usual rules fo r doing things (a no sm oking p o licy) a prototype the first m odel or to provide to offer, to give (W e provide a 24-hour em ergency service) a pool a com m on supply to things public relations the w ork o f (a c ar p o o l = w here c ars are available w hen people need them ), d istrib u tin g in fo rm a tio n to give a good im pressio n o f an organ izatio n to postpone to delay, to put A bbreviation: P R som ething o ff to a later date, to purchase to buy premises buildings, offices, property to privatize to ch an g e the ow n ersh ip Q o f a com pany from the g overnm ent qualified h av in g the rig h t education and ex p erie n c e fo r a jo b A lso a to a private com pany A lso qualification privati/.ation O pposite: nationalization quality how g o o d o r bad th in g is to produce to m ake or m an u factu re cost o f p ro d u cts or serv ices A lso a A lso a product = the thing you to quote to give an e stim a te o f the quotation produce; a product m anager = the person responsible for the production and m ark etin g o f a product; production = the activity o f producing; productivity = the efficiency o f production, a profit the m oney m ade by a business: total sales m inus total costs (if this figure is p ositive) A lso R a range a g ro u p o f p ro d u cts sold by one co m p an y a rate h o w fast so m e th in g happens (rate o f inflation)', th e level o f so m eth in g (in te re st te s, exchange rates) profitable = m ak in g a profit; a a receipt a d o c u m e n t sh o w in g you profit and loss account = a have paid fo r so m eth in g , co m p an y ’s trad in g fig u res, usually to recover to get b e tte r a fte r a for o ne-y ear period, d ifficu lt period A lso recovery, to promote to give so m eo n e a m ore to recruit to em p lo y o r ta k e on new im portant jo b ; o r to o rg an ize an staff A lso recruitm ent 334 redundant no lo n g er needed, dism issed, w ithout w ork A lso a return profit, e arn in g s on an investm ent redundancy to review to re-ex am in e, to reference with referen ce to (in a letter)= concerning, about A lso a reference = a reco m m en d atio n from consider, in ord er to im prove (W e 're an em ployer to refund to pay back m oney spent review in g o u r distrib u tio n arrangem ents) s (if you are no t sa tisfie d with this to sack to d ism iss, to fire, to stop product we w ill re fu n d yo u ) em ploying som eone, to register to give y o u r nam e when a salary a pay m en t for in g a job you arrive som ew here, a sales prospect a possible custom er, to reject to say ‘N o ’ to a proposal, a sales representative a person in a idea, offer, etc com pany w ho sells pro d u cts to reliable consistently good in quality distrib u to rs o r cu sto m ers in a certain or perform ance o r w ork, m arket A bbreviation: a sales rep to rent to hire, to borrow som ething a schedule a tim etab le A lso to schedule in return for m oney A lso rent = the money paid to rent som ething a reservation a b o oking (a h otel reservation) A lso to reserve, to resign to give up o r to leave a job (a) share a part, a fraction (W e have in cre a se d o u r m a rk e t sh a re by 2% ); part o f a co m p an y (W e h a ve % o f the shares, so w e c o n tro l the com pany) A lso a shareholder = a a retail outlet a place w here goods person w ho ow ns shares, are sold to the public, e.g a shop or to shelve to po stp o n e, to d elay , to company that sells to the public; stop (W e h a d very little m o n ey left, the Retail Price Index = an index to so we h a d to sh elve th e p ro je c t) measure inflation A bbreviation: to ship to tran sp o rt, by sea o r air RPI A lso a shipm ent = the g o ods being retained kept, saved (T he retained transported profit is a d d e d to the co m p a n y 's to shortlist to red u ce a large n u m b er reserves) o f altern ativ es to a short list, to retire to stop w o rk in g at the end a shortage a situ atio n w here there is of a career, u su ally aged about 60 not enough o f so m eth in g (L o w 335 rainfall has caused a water shortage) switchboard a place in a large to sign to w rite o n e ’s nam e on a docum ent A lso a signature, office w here te le p h o n e c alls are connected single not m arried (H e 's single)-, for one person (a single room ); in one direction only, (a single ticket) to take over to tak e c o n tro l o f a a skill an ability that is n ecessary to a jo b well (co m p u te r skills) com p an y by b u y in g a large num be sound secure, certain , steady, a target a result o n e w an ts, a goal i specifications details and objective o f its shares A lso a takeover, instructions d escrib in g design and a task a jo b , a piece o f w ork m aterials {product sp ecifica tio n s, building specifica tio n s) trade b u y in g and sellin g A lso a staff the people w ho w ork for a value betw een a c o u n try ’s im ports company, its personnel, its employees, and exports a stake a n u m b e r o f shares in a com pany to train to teach so m eb o d y how to stock goods in storage w aiting to be trainer, training, sold; com ponents in sto rag e w aiting to transfer to m ove from one place for use in m anufactu rin g , to another a strategy a plan you use in o rd er to a trend a pattern o f c h a n g e, a trade balance = the d iffe re n c e in p articu lar jo b A lso trainee, achieve som ethin g {a stra teg y fo r general m o v em en t (a d o w n w a rd reducing inflation) A lso strategic, tren d in the m a rk e t, etc.) a strike the o rgan ized stopping o f work by em p lo y ees (a strike f o r com pany A lso sta ff turnover = the higher w ages) rate o f sta ff leaving and jo in in g a a subsidiary a co m p an y that is com pany controlled by an o th er c o m p an y (N V P hilips ow ns o v e r 509c o f P h ilip s u U K; so P h ilip s U K is a su b sid ia ry o f urgent n eed in g im m e d ia te atten tio r N V P hilips) to supply to provide cu sto m ers w ith turnover the total sales o f a V goods A lso a supplier support V A T V alue A dded Tax help, assistance \ 1)1' (V isual D isplay U n it) the 336 screen o f (fo r ex am p le) a com puter V IP V ery Im portant Person, a volunteer a person w ho asks or offers to a jo b (/ volu n teered to work late) w a wage a paym ent for doing a jo b , usually paid w eekly to m anual workers a warehouse a large build in g w here goods are stored W H O W orld H ealth O rganization wholesaler a person or organization that buys and sells in large quantities A lso wholesale REFERENCE D O C U M EN TS A drian W all W ork, Business options, O x fo rd , 1999 Bill M ascull, Business vocabulary in use , C am bridge U niversity Press, 200 ; CJ M oore& Judy W est, Enterprise Two NXB T rẻ, 2001 D avid G rant & R obert M clarty, Business Basics N X B H ải P h ò n g , 2003 D avid G rant & R obert M clarty, Business Focus, O x fo rd , 0 G ateth K night + M ark O ’N eil, Business E xplorer 2, C a m b rid g e , 2003 G raham W hite with Susan D rake, Business Initiatives , L o n g m a n , 1990 H elen T aylor& A lfred Stove, Academ ic challenges in reading, Prenti Hall R egents, 1989 Ian M ackenzie, English f o r Business Studies N X B T rẻ , 2004 10 John T hom as F ren ch , You are in business, N X B T P H C h í M in h , 2001 11 Jon N aunton, H ead f o r business , N X B G iao th ô n g , 2004 12 Leo Jones, R ech ard A lex an d er, International B usiness E nglish N X B Ti 1998 13 N ick A ndon, English f o r international Business, 004 14 Patricia A ckert, Insights an d ideas , NXB T rẻ, 2002 15 R oger B arrard & Je ff C ady, Business Venture , O x fo rd U n iv ersity Pre 1996 16 Sarah Jon es, M acziola w ith G reg W hite F urther A h ea d N X B T rẻ, 2002 17 Sarah, Do Nu & Ha Kim A nh, English in economics and business, 2000 18 Smith L au rran ce, Insight f o r today, H einle& H ein le P u b lish e rs, 1993 19 Steve Flinders, Test you r professional English- Business, P earson Educati Lim ited, 2003 20 Từ điển thương m ại Anh - Việt đại , N X B T h ố n g k ê, 0 21 V icki H ollet, B usiness O bjectives, O x fo rd , 2002 338 TABLE OF CO NTENTS Unit 1: M EETING PEOPLE Unit 2: ON THE PHONE Unit 3: MEETINGS Unit 4: C O M P A N Y Unit 5: PRODUCTS - SERVICES Unit 6: VISITING A C O M P A N Y Unit 7: BUSINESS TR AVE LS Unit 8: C O M PARING INFO R M ATIO N Unit 9: DEALING W ITH PROBLEMS Unit 10: D E V E L O P M E N T S Information file s Language reference Tape script Answer key Workbook Glossary Reference d o cu m en ts NH À XUẤT BẢN HÀ NỘI - TỐNG DUY TÂN, QUẬN HOÀN KIẾM, HÀ NỘI ĐT: (04) 8252916, 8257063 - FAX: (04) 8257063 GIÁO TRÌNH ENGLISH F0R BUSINESS II N H À X U Ấ T B Ả N HÀ N Ộ I - 2007 C hịu trách nhiệm xuất NGUYỄN KHẮC OÁNH Biên tập T R U Ơ N G ĐỨC H Ừ N G Bìa Đ Ã N G V IN H Q U A N G Kỹ thuật vi tính HẢI YẾN Sửa in ĐỨ C H Ừ N G N G Ô THU N G Ầ N In 00 cu ốn, kh ố 17x24cm C ông ty cổ phẩn in c u (íu ềi> Q u> ét đ in h xuát brti 160 - 2007 /C X B /4S 7a G T - 27/H N Sô 31 /C X li cap ngày /3 /2 0 In xong nộp chiếu quv H l/2007