Sự đa dạng tôn giáo ở đông nam á đối với tiến trình xây dựng cộng đồng văn hóa – xã hội asean (ascc) quan hệ quốc tế

BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NGOẠI GIAO HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO - TRẦN THANH HUYỀN SỰ ĐA DẠNG TÔN GIÁO Ở ĐƠNG NAM Á ĐỐI VỚI TIẾN TRÌNH XÂY DỰNG CỘNG ĐỒNG VĂN HÓA – XÃ HỘI ASEAN (ASCC) LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ CHUYÊN NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ MÃ SỐ: 62310206 Hà Nội - 2017 BỘ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO BỘ NGOẠI GIAO HỌC VIỆN NGOẠI GIAO TRẦN THANH HUYỀN SỰ ĐA DẠNG TÔN GIÁO Ở ĐÔNG NAM Á ĐỐI VỚI TIẾN TRÌNH XÂY DỰNG CỘNG ĐỒNG VĂN HĨA – XÃ HỘI ASEAN (ASCC) Chuyên ngành: Quan hệ quốc tế Mã số: 62310206 LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ NGÀNH QUAN HỆ QUỐC TẾ NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC: PGS.TS VŨ DƯƠNG HUÂN Hà Nội - 2017 i ỜI CAM ĐOAN T L ậ Cộ C ―S V – X ộ ASEAN (ASEAN S – ASCC)‖ ế N C L ậ ố T T H ộ ế -Cultural ii ỜI C M N ề ẫ ậ ệ L ậ ế PGS TS V D ộ K X ế ộ N K Q T HCM ề TS T ế (SCIS) ề H K ệ TS L Hồ V G X ộ L ậ Hệ ế ộ ệ L ậ M ộ ệQ ố M ố T ố ế TS T ế Q ố Hồ ố H Tế ố T N N T HCM T ệ K Q ệQ ố ế ệ ệ L ậ T P H ệ L ậ Lờ C Hộ K – C Q ố L ậ S S ộ ề K C K ậ TS L ậ T D ộ ố ệ ệ ề ệ S G L ậ ế PGS TS (NUS) X C ố ệ N ộ ề ẫ ệ T TRẦN THANH HUYỀN iii MỤC LỤC ỜI CAM ĐOAN i ỜI C M N ii DANH MỤC T VIẾT T T vi DANH MỤC BIỂU ĐỒ viii DANH MỤC MÔ H NH viii MỞ ĐẦU CHƯ NG 1: SỰ H NH THÀNH CỘNG ĐỒNG VĂN HÓA – X HỘI ASEAN ASCC VÀ ĐA DẠNG TÔN GIÁO Ở ĐÔNG NAM Á 26 11 S ASEAN – C Hệ ASCC ộ ế 26 ởng mộ Cộ Cộ V –X .26 ộ ASEAN 31 31 1.1.2.2 Nh ng y u t 37 Đ Đ N S ậ 41 1.2.2 S S T Á .40 ộ ố ề 48 ộ 50 56 CHƯ NG : MỐI I N HỆ GI A SỰ ĐA DẠNG TÔN GIÁO VỚI QUÁ TR NH X Y DỰNG ASCC ĐẾN V Đ 58 ủ N Q Q Á 58 Mố ệ ế N ố 58 .58 63 iv Yế ố ố ASEAN 66 66 .73 .78 V ủ ộ Yế 85 ố Yế ASCC T ố ( Kế ) .85 H ộ V C (2004) 89 Yế V ố Hế ASEAN ( ủ ) 92 ộ ASCC V ế .96 ố S ộ Kế 97 C ế ậ ệ ố ệ ộ ASCC 101 Kế ế ASCC ố - 2015 105 Đ ủ Cộ T ASEAN .116 119 CHƯ NG : DỰ ÁO VỀ VAI TRÕ CỦA YẾU TỐ ĐA DẠNG TÔN GIÁO TRONG QUÁ TR NH PHÁT TRIỂN ỀN V NG CỦA ASCC SAU 2015 121 T ộ T Cộ ASEAN 2025 121 v ủ ủ ASCC X 123 ớng phát tri n chung c c .124 N ề ASCC ệ ế ố ế 130 – .130 – 132 Đ vi ộ ủ ASCC sau 2015 139 Ti u k t 143 ẾT U N .146 DANH MỤC CÔNG TR NH CỦA TÁC GI .151 DANH MỤC TÀI LIỆU THAM KH O 152 PHỤ ỤC 177 vi DANH MỤC T T VIẾT T T V T vi t tắt Ti ng Vi t N ĐNÁ N NCS HHĐ Kế KHTT Kế QHQT Q T ộ ệQ ố ế A T vi t tắt Ti ng Anh Ti ng Vi t AC ASEAN Community Cộ ASEAN AEC ASEAN Economic Community Cộ K Security Cộ C APSC ARMM ASC ASCC ASEAN ASEAN Political Community - An ninh ASEAN Autonomous Region in Muslim V T Mindanao Mindanao ASEAN Security Community Cộ Socio-Cultural Cộ ASEAN ế ASEAN Community BBL Bangsamoro Basic Law BRN Barisan Revolusi Nasional A ASEAN V – X ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian H ệ Nations Hồ ộ ố N ộ M ậ C ậ C D ộ ộ vii CAB Comprehensive Agreement on T the Bangsamoro Country of Particular Concern HDI Human Development Index IS Indonesian Conference D C Religion and Peace MILF Moro Islamic Liberation Front MNLF Moro National Liberation Front UMNO Organisation United Malays Organisation ốP C ề T N Islamic State of Iraq and the United Q Indonesia Islamic State Pattani Q ố on Hộ Levant PULO ề ệ Islamic State of Iraq and Syria/ ISIS ệ Bangsamoro CPC ICRP ậ Hồ N Hồ I Syria M ậ G Hồ ậ D Moro M G ộ Moro Liberation T ch c Gi i phóng Thống nh t Pattani National T D ộ M L ố viii DANH MỤC BIỂU ĐỒ Bi Xế Bi T ố N ố N 49 52 DANH MỤC MÔ H NH M Q M Q M C ế ế N 37 ậ Cộ N ASEAN T ố .47 II .90 218 7.5 Một khu v c gi i tranh ch p khác biệt b ng biện pháp hịa bình, bao gồ a s d ng ho c s d ế gi i tranh ch p hịa bình, áp d ờng biện pháp xây d ẩy ho t ộng ngo i giao phòng ng a sáng kiến gi i quyế 7.6 c Một khu v ột; y diệt hàng lo l c toàn c u gi i tr quân b , không ph biến lo d ng hịa bình ng h t nhân; 7.7 ồng Một cộ ờng an ninh hàng h i h p tác hàng h i nh ngồi khu v hịa bình ế c a ASEAN ASEAN dẫn d t áp d ng nguyên t c ớc hàng h 7.8 Một cộ tâm c c quốc tế công nhận; ASEAN ết, thống nh t vai trò trung ộng l c ch c u trúc khu v nh hình c xây d ế ASEAN dẫn d t; 7.9 ồng, l i ích phát tri n quan hệ h u ngh có Một cộ ối tho l i, làm sâu s c quan hệ h p tác vớ ố quan hệ vớ tiề ớng tớ ề toàn c u thuộc quan tâm chung Cộ ng Kinh t ASEAN Cộ ồng Kinh tế ASEAN (AEC) cộ ồng g n kết liên kết ch t ch ; c nh tranh, sáng t vớ ối tác ớc tiến tri n ng phó cách xây d c a toàn c ờng ờng kết nối kinh tế a s ộng; ội nhập h p tác liên 219 ; ẩy cộng ồng dung n p t ớng tớ ời dân, l ờ ồng thời hội nhập vào kinh tế toàn c u T 9.1 ết s c: ẩ Một kinh tế khu v c g n kết liên kết ch t ch ởng kinh tế cao bền v ; việ ; o c khu v c việc ng phó với thách th ớng lớn toàn c ; ẩ ngh s th ờng thống nh kết ờng cam i hàng hóa; bao gồm gi i hiệu qu rào c n phi thuế quan, hội nhậ i d ch ề v ộng có tay nghề, doanh nhân vốn; 9.2 Một cộ m ồng c nh tranh, sáng t ộ ẩ c s n xu t, bao gồm thông qua việc thiết lập áp ớng tới s sáng d ng thiết th c tri th c, sách h tr t o, áp d ng phát tri n công nghệ xanh kỹ thuật số qu n tr tốt, minh b ẩy ế ng c gi i tranh ch p hiệu qu ; ớng tớ ờng tham gia vào chu i giá tr toàn c u; 9.3 T ờng kết nối kinh tế hội nhập liên ngành thông qua c i thiện khn kh sách khu v c các ngành chiế c a cộ 9.4 Một cộ nh thiết yế ối với s vận hành hiệu qu ồng kinh tế; ồng t ờng, dung n ớng tớ ời dân làm trung tâm, mang l i s phát tri ởng toàn diện; thu h p kho ng cách phát tri ời dân, l y ề ng ờng h p tác sách phát tri n doanh nghiệp v a 220 nh , s tham gia hiệu qu c a giới kinh doanh giới liên ội kinh quan, d án h p tác phát tri n ti tế lớ 9.5 h tr xóa nghèo; Một ASEAN tồn c u, thúc ẩy cách tiếp cận hệ thống nh t ệ kinh tế vớ ối tác bên ngoài, trì ộng l c yếu dẫn d vai trị v hội nhập kinh tế khu v c ASEAN ình ngh s kinh tế tồn c u thơng qua n V Cộ Cộ V ờng, tiếng nói nhậ – Xã hội ASEAN – Xã hộ ASEAN (ASCC) ồng thu hút s tham gia c ta s cộ nh chung ề kinh tế quan tr ng x lý v 10 ờng s tham gia c a ớng tới xây d ng lậ l ẩy ời dân, cộ a chúng ời dân mang l i l i ồng dung n p, bền v ng, t ờng ộng 11 T 11.1 ết s th c hóa: Một cộ ồng tận tâm với s tham gia c a m i t ng lớp có ế ch u trách nhiệm dung trách nhiệm xã hội, thông qua mộ n p l i ích c a t t c ASEAN c gi v ng nguyên t c qu n tr tốt; 11.2 Một cộ cậ ồng dung n ề ẩy ch ội cho t t c m ng sống cao, tiếp ẩy b o vệ nhân quyền cho ph n , tr khuyết tậ yếu bên lề khác; ộ b t ời 221 11.3 Một cộ ồng bền v ẩy phát tri n xã hội b o vệ môi ờng thôn ế hiệu qu ng nhu c u t i ời dân; 11.4 Một cộ ồng t ờng vớ c kh ộng d t nh m thích nghi ng phó với biế kinh tế xã hội, th m h a, biế d a thách th 11.5 Một cộ ề ố i khí hậ i lên; ộng hài hòa, nhận th c t hào b n s sáng t o ch c nâng cao nc ộ ộ ờng kh ồng toàn c u 222 H ớng v 12 ớc ồng ASEAN 2025, s th c c T m nhìn Cộ hóa cộ ồng vớ trình ho ộng phối h p ASEAN, nâng cao hiệu qu hiệu su t làm ASEAN việc c a t t c C ờng thông qua c i thiện quy c th chế th c hóa cộ ồng vớ T ASEAN ờng s diện th chế c a ASEAN t i t ng quốc gia thành viên ASEAN 13 T tri Tiế t 14 ệm v cho Hộ ồng Cộ ồng ASEAN hiệu qu cam kết ASEAN 2025: Cùng V ng vàng ệ trình báo cáo lên Hội ngh C p cao ASEAN theo quy trình th c thiết lập Chúng tơi cam kết vớ hóa ASEAN d a luật lệ tâm, ASEAN c a “ ời dân c a tâm s th c ớng tớ ời dân, l t Tầm nhìn, M t B n sắc, M t C ời dân làm trung 223 PHỤ ỤC 13 T Đ H M ysia (N : < http://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/laws/en/my/my063en.pdf>) 160 (1) The Interpretation and General Clauses Ordinance 1948 [M.U of 1948], as in force immediately before Merdeka Day shall, to the extent specified in the Eleventh Schedule, apply for the interpretation of this Constitution as it applies for the interpretation of any written law within the meaning of that Ordinance, but with the substitution of references to the Yang di-Pertuan Agong for references to the High Commissioner (2) In this Constitution, unless the context otherwise requires, the following expressions have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say— ―A ‖ P ‖ A G M P F P ; ―A ;― ; ―A G ‖ ‖ the grant of annuities or by entering into any arrangement requiring the payment before the due date of any taxes, rates, royalties, fees or any other payments or by entering into any agreement whereby the Government has to repay or refund ― ;― co ‖ ‖ H of Representatives or a Legislative Assembly otherwise than by a dissolution of P A ; ―C M ‖ ―M ‖ the president, by whatever style known, of the Executive Council in a State; ― ‖ F ; ―C L ‖ made for the maintenance of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, his Consort, a Ruler or Y P N ; ―C ‖ country recognized by the Yang di-Pertuan Agong to be a Commonwealth ; ― C ‖ C 224 any colony, protectorate or protected state or any other territory administered by the Government of any Commonwealth country; Federal Constitution NOTES Art 160 See Art 162(2) C ( ) D ―A ‖: I A force from 16-09-1963 .D ―A G ‖: I A 26/1963, section 5, in force from 16-09-1963 D ― ‖: T ― requiring the payment before the due date of any taxes, rates, royalties, fees or any other payments or by entering into any agreement whereby the Government ‖ ― ‖ A A ( ) force from 24-03-1971 .D ― ‖: T ― S ‖ ― ‖ A subsection 2(2), in force from 01-07-1965 .D ―C M ‖ ―M ‖: T was inserted by Act 26/1963, section 5, in force from 16-09-1963 ii It was amended by Act 59/1966, section 2, in force from 09-08-1965, by the deletion of ―( the wo S ―C )‖ M D ―C ‖ M ‖ P M T ‖ D ―G ―C M ;‘ L ‖: T ―Y :‗ -Pertua N A A ―C ‖ -08-1976 ‖: T substituted by Act 31/1965, subsection 2(2), in force from 01-07-1965 The 225 : ‗ earlier definition, as it s ―C ‖ U K C A N Zealand, India, Pakistan, Ceylon, Ghana, Nigeria, Cyprus, Sierra Leone, Tanganyika and any other country declared by Act of Parliament to be a C ― C ‖ Commonwealth country, any colony, protectorate or protected state, or any other G F C S ―C ; ― C L ‖ T ;‘ L N ‖ ― ‖ ; ― ‖ means a person who is entitled to vote in an election to the House of Representatives or the Legislative A S ; ―E ‖ S E L S ; ―E C ‖ means the Cabinet or other body, however called, which in the Government of a State corresponds, whether or not the members of it are Ministers, to the Cabinet of Ministers in the government of the Federation (and in particular includes the S Supreme Coun ); ― ‖ F M D ;― ‖ means— (a) any existing law relating to a matter with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws, being a law continued in operation under P XIII; ( ) N A S P ; ―F ; ― L ‖ F L ‖ Federation in connection with matters enumerated in the Concurrent List and with any other matters with respect to which Parliament has power to make laws A C ― ‖ ;― R ‖ I ; ―G ‖ (R ); des written law, the common law in so far as it is in operation in the 226 Federation or any part thereof, and any custom or usage having the force of law in the Federation or any part thereof; [Article 160] 152 Federal Constitution NOTES Art 160—(cont.) h D ―E C ‖: I A force from 16-09-1963 .D ― ‖: S D A ― ( ) ‖: T A 25/1963, subsections 5(1) and (3), in force from 31-08-1957, and replaced the : ‗ ― ‖ purposes in connection with matters with respect to which Parliament has power A C ‖ ―A ;‘ T ‖ A ― A ( ) force from 24-03-1971 .D ―G ‖: I A 16-09-1963 ii Act 59/1966, section 2, in force from 09-08-1965, deleted the ― Y N -P S ‖ of the definition and corrected an error in the 1964 Reprint by substituting the ―Y S ‖ N -P D A S ‖ ―Y -Pertuan Negara in A -08-1976 The : ‗ ―G ‖ H S whatever style known, in a State not having a Ruler (and in particular includes S the Yang di-Pertua Ne A );‘ F C ―L ‖ Legislature of a State (and in particular includes the Council Negri in Sarawak), but except in the Eighth Schedule includes also a Legislative Council, however ; ―L C ‖ (R ); ―L ‖ S means the authority having power under the Constitution of that State to make S ; ―L ‖ (R ); ―M ‖ 227 professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language, conforms to Malay custom and— (a) was before Merdeka Day born in the Federation or in Singapore or born of parents one of whom was born in the Federation or in Singapore, or is on that day domiciled in the Federation or in Singapore; or (b) is ;― ‖ the Federation, a person holding office as Minister, Deputy Minister, Parliamentary Secretary or Political Secretary and, in relation to a State, a person holding a corresponding office in the State or holding office as member (other ) E C ; ―M D ‖ thirty-first day of August, nineteen hundred and fifty-seven; ― ‖ means any whole time office in any of the public services, and includes— (a) the office of any judge of the Federal Court, of the Court of Appeal or of a High Court; and (b) the office of Auditor General; and (c) the office of a member of the Election Commission, of a member (other than an ex officio member) of a Commission to which Part X applies, or of a member (other than an ex officio member) of any corresponding Commission established by the Constitution of a State; and (d) any other office not specified in Clause (3) of Article 132 which may be declared by Act of Parliament to be an office of profit; [Article 160] 153 Federal Constitution NOTES Art 160—(cont.) D ―L A ‖: T erted by Act 26/1963, section 5, in force from 16-09-1963; and replaced the original : ‗ ―L S E D S ―L C C A S ‖ ;‘ ‖: T A : ‗ ―L 25/1963, section 8, in force from 29-08C D ‖ L ―L C ‖: T A ;‘ Act 26/1963, section 70, in force from 16-09-1963, and later repealed by Act 59/1966, section 228 : ‗ ―L 2, in force from 09-08- ‖ S S D ―M ―F ‖: T ‖( ― ) ‖ ( ) section 70, in force from 16-09―M S ‖ A ;‘ A T ― I ‖ A -08- 1976 D ― ‖: I A section 5, in force from 16-09-1963 ii Amended by Act 19/1964, subsection ―A 5(2), in force from 16-09-1963, by substituting P S P S ― ‖ ― ‖ M ‖ S ‖ M A M ―A M ‖ A T ―D A ( ) force from 24-03-1971 .D ― ‖: T A 26/1963, section 5, in force from 16-09-1963 The earlier definition, as it stood :‗― ‖ -time office in any of the public services, and includes the office of the Chief Justice or other judge of the Supreme Court, Auditor General, member of the Election Commission or of any Commission to which Part X applies, and any other office A P ;‘ S ( ) Act A566, in force from 01-01-1985, provides that a reference to the Federal Court shall now be construed as a reference to the Supreme Court iii The words ―F C C A ‖ A885, paragraph 38(a), in force from 24-06‖ ―S F C C ‖ A ― ; ― ‖ Y -Pertuan Agong, the Ruler or Yang di-Pertua 229 Negeri of a State, the Federal Government, the Government of a State, a local authority, a statutory authority exercising powers vested in it by federal or State law, any court or tribunal other than the Federal Court, the Court of Appeal and High Courts, or any officer or authority appointed by or acting on behalf of any ;― ‖ or wages, allowances, pension rights, free or subsidized housing, free or subsidized transport, and other privileges capable of being valued in money; ―R C ‖ (R ); ―R ‖— (a) in relation to Negeri Sembilan, means the Yang di-Pertuan Besar acting on behalf of himself and the Ruling Chiefs in accordance with the Constitution of that State; and (b) in the case of any State, includes except in Clause (2) of Article 181 and the Third and Fifth Schedules, any person who in accordance with the Constitution of that State R ―S ‖ ; ―S ‖ S F ; — (a) any existing law relating to a matter with respect to which the Legislature of a State has power to make law, being a law continued in operation under Part XIII; and (b) a law made by the Legislature of a State; ―S L ‖ S L N ‖ S ; ―S S S connection with matters enumerated in the Concurrent List and with any other matters with respect to which the Legislature of the State has power to make ;― ‖ ; ― local purposes or a fee for F ‖ Federation established under the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1957; [Article 160] 154 Federal Constitution NOTES Art 160—(cont.) D Co ― ‖ ‖: T ―S from 16-09- ―G A ‖ T A C ‖ ―Y ―F C H A -P N ‖ -08-1976 iii 230 Subsequently subsection 18(2) of Act A566, in force from 01-01-1985, provides that a reference to the Federal Court shall be construed as a reference to the S C ―S D T C ‖ ―R ―F C C A A A ( ) C ‖ 24-06-1994 ‖: T A : ‗ ―R section 70, in force from 16-09- C ‖ means the Rule Committee or other authority having power under written law to make rules or orders regulating the practice and procedure of the Supreme C D ;‘ ―S (3), in force from 31-08Constitution and th C ‖: I F A C S ( ) ― ; ―Y ‖ -P N ‖ the Head of State in a State not having a Ruler (3) Unless the context otherwise requires, any reference in this Constitution to a specified Part, Article or Schedule is a reference to that Part or Article of, or that Schedule to, this Constitution, any reference to a specified chapter, clause, section or paragraph is a reference to that chapter of the Part, that clause of the Article, that section of the Schedule, or that paragraph of the clause or section, in which the reference occurs; and any reference to a group of Articles, sections or divisions of Articles or sections shall be construed as including both the first and the last member of the group referred to (4) Where under this Constitution a person is required to take and subscribe an oath he shall be permitted, if he so desires, to comply with that requirement by making and subscribing an affirmation (5) References in this Constitution to the Federation and its States and to the territories of the Federation or any of its States, and to any officer holding office under the Federation or any authority or body in or for the Federation shall be construed— (a) in relation to any time after the coming into operation of the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948, and before Merdeka Day, as references to the 231 Federation established under that Agreement, and the States and Settlements comprising it and to the territories of that Federation or any of the States and Settlements comprising it, and to the corresponding officer holding office thereunder or the corresponding authority or body in or for that Federation; (b) in relation to any time before the coming into operation of the said Agreement (so far as the context admits) as references to such of the countries, territories, offices, authorities or bodies for the construction of references to which provision was made by Clause 135(2) of the said Agreement, as may be appropriate (6) References in this Constitution to any period shall be construed, so far as the context admits, as including references to a period beginning before Merdeka Day [Article 160] 155 Federal Constitution NOTES Art 160—(cont.) D ―Y -P N ‖: I A A force from 27-08-1976 Federal Constitution (7) References in this Constitution to the Federation of Malaya Agreement 1948, shall be construed, except where the context otherwise requires, as references to that Agreement as in force immediately before Merdeka Day Reprint of the Constitution 160a The authority appointed under federal law for the purpose of revising laws may, with consent of the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, authorize the printing of copies of this Constitution, including all amendments in force at the date of such authorization; and any copy of this Constitution so printed shall be deemed for all purposes to be a true and correct copy of the Federal Constitution Authoritative text 160b Where this Constitution has been translated into the national language, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may prescribe such national language text to be authoritative, and thereafter if there is any conflict or discrepancy between such national language text and the English language text of this Constitution, the national language text shall prevail over the English language text 232 PHỤ ỤC 14 T Q SAHIH INTERNATIONAL Men are in charge of women by [right of] what Allah has given one over the other and what they spend [for maintenance] from their wealth So righteous women are devoutly obedient, guarding in [the husband's] absence what Allah would have them guard But those [wives] from whom you fear arrogance [first] advise them; [then if they persist], forsake them in bed; and [finally], strike them But if they obey you [once more], seek no means against them Indeed, Allah is ever Exalted and Grand